Universal Spectral Tokenization via Self-Supervised Panchromatic Representation Learning
Authors:
Jeff Shen,
Francois Lanusse,
Liam Holden Parker,
Ollie Liu,
Tom Hehir,
Leopoldo Sarra,
Lucas Meyer,
Micah Bowles,
Sebastian Wagner-Carena,
Sebastian Wagner-Carena,
Helen Qu,
Siavash Golkar,
Alberto Bietti,
Hatim Bourfoune,
Nathan Cassereau,
Pierre Cornette,
Keiya Hirashima,
Geraud Krawezik,
Ruben Ohana,
Nicholas Lourie,
Michael McCabe,
Rudy Morel,
Payel Mukhopadhyay,
Mariel Pettee,
Bruno Régaldo-Saint Blancard
, et al. (3 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Sequential scientific data span many resolutions and domains, and unifying them into a common representation is a key step toward developing foundation models for the sciences. Astronomical spectra exemplify this challenge: massive surveys have collected millions of spectra across a wide range of wavelengths and resolutions, yet analyses remain fragmented across spectral domains (e.g., optical vs.…
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Sequential scientific data span many resolutions and domains, and unifying them into a common representation is a key step toward developing foundation models for the sciences. Astronomical spectra exemplify this challenge: massive surveys have collected millions of spectra across a wide range of wavelengths and resolutions, yet analyses remain fragmented across spectral domains (e.g., optical vs. infrared) and object types (e.g., stars vs. galaxies), limiting the ability to pool information across datasets. We present a deep learning model that jointly learns from heterogeneous spectra in a self-supervised manner. Our universal spectral tokenizer processes spectra from a variety of object types and resolutions directly on their native wavelength grids, producing intrinsically aligned, homogeneous, and physically meaningful representations that can be efficiently adapted to achieve competitive performance across a range of downstream tasks. For the first time, we demonstrate that a single model can unify spectral data across resolutions and domains, suggesting that our model can serve as a powerful building block for foundation models in astronomy -- and potentially extend to other scientific domains with heterogeneous sequential data, such as climate and healthcare.
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Submitted 10 November, 2025; v1 submitted 20 October, 2025;
originally announced October 2025.
BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model
Authors:
BigScience Workshop,
:,
Teven Le Scao,
Angela Fan,
Christopher Akiki,
Ellie Pavlick,
Suzana Ilić,
Daniel Hesslow,
Roman Castagné,
Alexandra Sasha Luccioni,
François Yvon,
Matthias Gallé,
Jonathan Tow,
Alexander M. Rush,
Stella Biderman,
Albert Webson,
Pawan Sasanka Ammanamanchi,
Thomas Wang,
Benoît Sagot,
Niklas Muennighoff,
Albert Villanova del Moral,
Olatunji Ruwase,
Rachel Bawden,
Stas Bekman,
Angelina McMillan-Major
, et al. (369 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access…
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Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.
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Submitted 27 June, 2023; v1 submitted 9 November, 2022;
originally announced November 2022.