Showing 1–27 of 27 results for author: Seo, S H

Operation and performance of ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon time projection chamber

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, S. Abbaslu, F. Abd Alrahman, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, L. P. Accorsi, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, K. Adhikari, C. Adriano, K. Agudelo-Jaramillo, F. Akbar, F. Alemanno, N. S. Alex, L. Aliaga Soplin, A. Alqaisi, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, A. Aman, H. Amar, R. Amarinei , et al. (1341 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: ProtoDUNE-DP was the largest ever built Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) operating in Dual-Phase (DP) mode, with a liquid target and charge read-out placed in the gas. It had an active volume of $6\times6\times6$\,m$^3$ corresponding to an active mass of 300\,t (total LAr mass of 720\,t), constructed at the CERN Neutrino Platform and took data from 2019 to 2020 with cosmic muons. In P… ▽ More ProtoDUNE-DP was the largest ever built Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) operating in Dual-Phase (DP) mode, with a liquid target and charge read-out placed in the gas. It had an active volume of $6\times6\times6$\,m$^3$ corresponding to an active mass of 300\,t (total LAr mass of 720\,t), constructed at the CERN Neutrino Platform and took data from 2019 to 2020 with cosmic muons. In ProtoDUNE-DP the electric drift field is oriented in the vertical direction, causing the electrons to drift vertically towards the anode at the top. The ionization charge is then extracted into the gaseous argon above the liquid surface, amplified by Townsend avalanches, and collected by the charge readout planes. The detector experienced significant technical problems affecting the long-term operation of the Charge Readout Planes, formed by the Large Electron Multipliers, but other critical segments demonstrated required performance including the delivery of -300 kV to the TPC cathode, verification of replaceable charge read-out electronics, and operation of the photon detection system. ProtoDUNE-DP experience resulted in improved designs of the Vertical Drift LArTPC. △ Less

Submitted 21 July, 2026; v1 submitted 17 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Comments: 103 pages, 66 figures

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-26-0466-LBNF

Charge readout electronics for the DUNE horizontal drift far detector: design and performance in ProtoDUNE-HD

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, S. Abbaslu, F. Abd Alrahman, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, L. P. Accorsi, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, K. Adhikari, C. Adriano, K. Agudelo-Jaramillo, F. Akbar, F. Alemanno, N. S. Alex, L. Aliaga Soplin, A. Alqaisi, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, A. Aman, H. Amar, R. Amarinei , et al. (1346 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment currently under construction, whose far detectors will be the largest liquid argon time projection chambers ever built. This detector design calls for custom-built cryogenic front-end electronics to meet its performance requirements. This paper describes the charge readout electronics that will be used i… ▽ More DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment currently under construction, whose far detectors will be the largest liquid argon time projection chambers ever built. This detector design calls for custom-built cryogenic front-end electronics to meet its performance requirements. This paper describes the charge readout electronics that will be used in the DUNE horizontal drift (HD) far detector and presents performance results using data from the ProtoDUNE-HD detector, a 770 ton liquid argon time projection chamber operated at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2024 that served as the final prototype of the DUNE HD design. △ Less

Submitted 12 August, 2026; v1 submitted 26 April, 2026; originally announced April 2026.

Comments: Accepted version

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-26-0270-LBNF, CERN-EP-2026-128

Journal ref: JINST 21 (2026) P08018

Operation of a Modular 3D-Pixelated Liquid Argon Time-Projection Chamber in a Neutrino Beam

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, S. Abbaslu, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, L. P. Accorsi, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, C. Adriano, F. Akbar, F. Alemanno, N. S. Alex, K. Allison, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, A. Aman, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D. A. Andrade, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andreotti , et al. (1299 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The 2x2 Demonstrator, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) liquid argon (LAr) Near Detector, was exposed to the Neutrinos from the Main Injector (NuMI) neutrino beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). This detector prototypes a new modular design for a liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC), comprised of a two-by-two array of four modules, each f… ▽ More The 2x2 Demonstrator, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) liquid argon (LAr) Near Detector, was exposed to the Neutrinos from the Main Injector (NuMI) neutrino beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). This detector prototypes a new modular design for a liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC), comprised of a two-by-two array of four modules, each further segmented into two optically-isolated LArTPCs. The 2x2 Demonstrator features a number of pioneering technologies, including a low-profile resistive field shell to establish drift fields, native 3D ionization pixelated imaging, and a high-coverage dielectric light readout system. The 2.4 tonne active mass detector is flanked upstream and downstream by supplemental solid-scintillator tracking planes, repurposed from the MINERvA experiment, which track ionizing particles exiting the argon volume. The antineutrino beam data collected by the detector over a 4.5 day period in 2024 include over 30,000 neutrino interactions in the LAr active volume-the first neutrino interactions reported by a DUNE detector prototype. During its physics-quality run, the 2x2 Demonstrator operated at a nominal drift field of 500 V/cm and maintained good LAr purity, with a stable electron lifetime of approximately 1.25 ms. This paper describes the detector and supporting systems, summarizes the installation and commissioning, and presents the initial validation of collected NuMI beam and off-beam self-triggers. In addition, it highlights observed interactions in the detector volume, including candidate muon anti-neutrino events. △ Less

Submitted 17 June, 2026; v1 submitted 6 September, 2025; originally announced September 2025.

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-25-0537-LBNF

Journal ref: Instruments 2026, 10(1), 18

Spatial and Temporal Evaluations of the Liquid Argon Purity in ProtoDUNE-SP

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, S. Abbaslu, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, L. P. Accorsi, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, C. Adriano, F. Akbar, F. Alemanno, N. S. Alex, K. Allison, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, A. Aman, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D. A. Andrade, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andreotti , et al. (1301 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) rely on highly pure argon to ensure that ionization electrons produced by charged particles reach readout arrays. ProtoDUNE Single-Phase (ProtoDUNE-SP) was an approximately 700-ton liquid argon detector intended to prototype the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Far Detector Horizontal Drift module. It contains two drift volumes bisected by… ▽ More Liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) rely on highly pure argon to ensure that ionization electrons produced by charged particles reach readout arrays. ProtoDUNE Single-Phase (ProtoDUNE-SP) was an approximately 700-ton liquid argon detector intended to prototype the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Far Detector Horizontal Drift module. It contains two drift volumes bisected by the cathode plane assembly, which is biased to create an almost uniform electric field in both volumes. The DUNE Far Detector modules must have robust cryogenic systems capable of filtering argon and supplying the TPC with clean liquid. This paper will explore comparisons of the argon purity measured by the purity monitors with those measured using muons in the TPC from October 2018 to November 2018. A new method is introduced to measure the liquid argon purity in the TPC using muons crossing both drift volumes of ProtoDUNE-SP. For extended periods on the timescale of weeks, the drift electron lifetime was measured to be above 30 ms using both systems. A particular focus will be placed on the measured purity of argon as a function of position in the detector. △ Less

Submitted 27 August, 2025; v1 submitted 11 July, 2025; originally announced July 2025.

Report number: CERN-EP-2025-157, FERMILAB-PUB-25-0445-V

Journal ref: JINST (2025) 20 P09008

European Contributions to Fermilab Accelerator Upgrades and Facilities for the DUNE Experiment

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, F. Akbar, F. Alemanno, N. S. Alex, K. Allison, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, A. Aman, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D. A. Andrade , et al. (1322 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Proton Improvement Plan (PIP-II) to the FNAL accelerator chain and the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will provide the world's most intense neutrino beam to the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) enabling a wide-ranging physics program. This document outlines the significant contributions made by European national laboratories and institutes towards realizing the first phase o… ▽ More The Proton Improvement Plan (PIP-II) to the FNAL accelerator chain and the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will provide the world's most intense neutrino beam to the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) enabling a wide-ranging physics program. This document outlines the significant contributions made by European national laboratories and institutes towards realizing the first phase of the project with a 1.2 MW neutrino beam. Construction of this first phase is well underway. For DUNE Phase II, this will be closely followed by an upgrade of the beam power to > 2 MW, for which the European groups again have a key role and which will require the continued support of the European community for machine aspects of neutrino physics. Beyond the neutrino beam aspects, LBNF is also responsible for providing unique infrastructure to install and operate the DUNE neutrino detectors at FNAL and at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF). The cryostats for the first two Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber detector modules at SURF, a contribution of CERN to LBNF, are central to the success of the ongoing execution of DUNE Phase I. Likewise, successful and timely procurement of cryostats for two additional detector modules at SURF will be critical to the success of DUNE Phase II and the overall physics program. The DUNE Collaboration is submitting four main contributions to the 2026 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics process. This paper is being submitted to the 'Accelerator technologies' and 'Projects and Large Experiments' streams. Additional inputs related to the DUNE science program, DUNE detector technologies and R&D, and DUNE software and computing, are also being submitted to other streams. △ Less

Submitted 31 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

Comments: Submitted to the 2026 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics

DUNE Software and Computing Research and Development

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, F. Akbar, F. Alemanno, N. S. Alex, K. Allison, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, A. Aman, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D. A. Andrade , et al. (1322 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy toward the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The ambitious physics program of Phase I and Phase II of DUNE is dependent upon deployment and utilization of significant computing res… ▽ More The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy toward the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The ambitious physics program of Phase I and Phase II of DUNE is dependent upon deployment and utilization of significant computing resources, and successful research and development of software (both infrastructure and algorithmic) in order to achieve these scientific goals. This submission discusses the computing resources projections, infrastructure support, and software development needed for DUNE during the coming decades as an input to the European Strategy for Particle Physics Update for 2026. The DUNE collaboration is submitting four main contributions to the 2026 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics process. This submission to the 'Computing' stream focuses on DUNE software and computing. Additional inputs related to the DUNE science program, DUNE detector technologies and R&D, and European contributions to Fermilab accelerator upgrades and facilities for the DUNE experiment, are also being submitted to other streams. △ Less

Submitted 31 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

Comments: Submitted to the 2026 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics

The DUNE Phase II Detectors

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, F. Akbar, F. Alemanno, N. S. Alex, K. Allison, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, A. Aman, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D. A. Andrade , et al. (1322 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy for the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The 2023 report of the US Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) reaffirmed this vision and strongly endorsed DUNE Phase I and… ▽ More The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy for the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The 2023 report of the US Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) reaffirmed this vision and strongly endorsed DUNE Phase I and Phase II, as did the previous European Strategy for Particle Physics. The construction of DUNE Phase I is well underway. DUNE Phase II consists of a third and fourth far detector module, an upgraded near detector complex, and an enhanced > 2 MW beam. The fourth FD module is conceived as a 'Module of Opportunity', aimed at supporting the core DUNE science program while also expanding the physics opportunities with more advanced technologies. The DUNE collaboration is submitting four main contributions to the 2026 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics process. This submission to the 'Detector instrumentation' stream focuses on technologies and R&D for the DUNE Phase II detectors. Additional inputs related to the DUNE science program, DUNE software and computing, and European contributions to Fermilab accelerator upgrades and facilities for the DUNE experiment, are also being submitted to other streams. △ Less

Submitted 29 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

Comments: Submitted to the 2026 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics

DUNE Phase II: Scientific Opportunities, Detector Concepts, Technological Solutions

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, F. Akbar, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andreotti , et al. (1347 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy toward the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The 2023 report of the US Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) reaffirmed this vision and strongly endorsed DUNE Phase I… ▽ More The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy toward the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The 2023 report of the US Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) reaffirmed this vision and strongly endorsed DUNE Phase I and Phase II, as did the European Strategy for Particle Physics. While the construction of the DUNE Phase I is well underway, this White Paper focuses on DUNE Phase II planning. DUNE Phase-II consists of a third and fourth far detector (FD) module, an upgraded near detector complex, and an enhanced 2.1 MW beam. The fourth FD module is conceived as a "Module of Opportunity", aimed at expanding the physics opportunities, in addition to supporting the core DUNE science program, with more advanced technologies. This document highlights the increased science opportunities offered by the DUNE Phase II near and far detectors, including long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics, neutrino astrophysics, and physics beyond the standard model. It describes the DUNE Phase II near and far detector technologies and detector design concepts that are currently under consideration. A summary of key R&D goals and prototyping phases needed to realize the Phase II detector technical designs is also provided. DUNE's Phase II detectors, along with the increased beam power, will complete the full scope of DUNE, enabling a multi-decadal program of groundbreaking science with neutrinos. △ Less

Submitted 22 August, 2024; originally announced August 2024.

Report number: FERMILAB-TM-2833-LBNF

Pulse shape discrimination using a convolutional neural network for organic liquid scintillator signals

Authors: K. Y. Jung, B. Y. Han, E. J. Jeon, Y. Jeong, H. S. Jo, J. Y. Kim, J. G. Kim, Y. D. Kim, Y. J. Ko, M. H. Lee, J. Lee, C. S. Moon, Y. M. Oh, H. K. Park, S. H. Seo, D. W. Seol, K. Siyeon, G. M. Sun, Y. S. Yoon, I. Yu

Abstract: A convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is developed to improve the pulse shape discrimination (PSD) power of the gadolinium-loaded organic liquid scintillation detector to reduce the fast neutron background in the inverse beta decay candidate events of the NEOS-II data. A power spectrum of an event is constructed using a fast Fourier transform of the time domain raw waveforms and put in… ▽ More A convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is developed to improve the pulse shape discrimination (PSD) power of the gadolinium-loaded organic liquid scintillation detector to reduce the fast neutron background in the inverse beta decay candidate events of the NEOS-II data. A power spectrum of an event is constructed using a fast Fourier transform of the time domain raw waveforms and put into CNN. An early data set is evaluated by CNN after it is trained using low energy $β$ and $α$ events. The signal-to-background ratio averaged over 1-10 MeV visible energy range is enhanced by more than 20% in the result of the CNN method compared to that of an existing conventional PSD method, and the improvement is even higher in the low energy region. △ Less

Submitted 15 January, 2023; v1 submitted 14 November, 2022; originally announced November 2022.

Comments: 16 pages, 10 figures

Status and performance of the AMoRE-I experiment on neutrinoless double beta decay

Authors: H. B. Kim, D. H. Ha, E. J. Jeon, J. A. Jeon, H. S. Jo, C. S. Kang, W. G. Kang, H. S. Kim, S. C. Kim, S. G. Kim, S. K. Kim, S. R. Kim, W. T. Kim, Y. D. Kim, Y. H. Kim, D. H. Kwon, E. S. Lee, H. J. Lee, H. S. Lee, J. S. Lee, M. H. Lee, S. W. Lee, Y. C. Lee, D. S. Leonard, H. S. Lim , et al. (10 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: AMoRE is an international project to search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{100}$Mo using a detection technology consisting of magnetic microcalorimeters (MMCs) and molybdenum-based scintillating crystals. Data collection has begun for the current AMORE-I phase of the project, an upgrade from the previous pilot phase. AMoRE-I employs thirteen $^\mathrm{48depl.}$Ca$^{100}$MoO$_4$ cryst… ▽ More AMoRE is an international project to search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{100}$Mo using a detection technology consisting of magnetic microcalorimeters (MMCs) and molybdenum-based scintillating crystals. Data collection has begun for the current AMORE-I phase of the project, an upgrade from the previous pilot phase. AMoRE-I employs thirteen $^\mathrm{48depl.}$Ca$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals and five Li$_2$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals for a total crystal mass of 6.2 kg. Each detector module contains a scintillating crystal with two MMC channels for heat and light detection. We report the present status of the experiment and the performance of the detector modules. △ Less

Submitted 5 November, 2022; originally announced November 2022.

Comments: 8 pages, 4 figures, published in Journal of Low Temperature Physics (2022)

Experimental investigations on the characteristics of snow accretion using the EMU-320 model train

Authors: Wan Gu Ji, Soonho Shon, Song Hyun Seo, Beomsu Kim, Kyuhong Kim

Abstract: This paper presents a snow accretion test conducted in a climate wind tunnel to investigate the icing process on a model train. The model used within this experiment was the cleaned-up and 2/3-scaled version of EMU-320, which is a high-speed train in Korea. The model was designed without an electronic power source or heat source so that the wheels did not rotate and snow accretion on the model did… ▽ More This paper presents a snow accretion test conducted in a climate wind tunnel to investigate the icing process on a model train. The model used within this experiment was the cleaned-up and 2/3-scaled version of EMU-320, which is a high-speed train in Korea. The model was designed without an electronic power source or heat source so that the wheels did not rotate and snow accretion on the model did not occur due to heat sources. To investigate snow accretion, four cases with different ambient temperatures were considered in the climate wind tunnel on Rail Tec Arsenal. Before analyzing the snow accretion on the train, the snow flux and liquid water content of snow were measured so that they could be used as the input conditions for the simulation and to ensure the analysis of the icing process was based on the characteristics of the snow. Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained, whereby photographs was used for qualitative analysis, and the density of the snow sample and the thickness of snow accreted on the model were used for quantitative analysis. Based on the visual observations, it was deduced that as the ambient temperature increased, the range of the snow accreted was broader. The thickness of snow accreted on the model nose was the largest on the upper and lower part at -3 oC, and on the middle part at -5 oC. Additionally, the cross section of snow accreted was observed to be trench-like. Similar icing processes were observed to occur on the slope of nose. Snow accreted on all components of the bogie, and for all cases, the thickness of snow at wheel was the largest at an arc angle of 40 to 70 o. These detailed data of experimental conditions can be applied as an input to simulations to improve simulations of ice conditions. Thus, they can facilitate the development of appropriate anti-icing designs for trains △ Less

Submitted 2 August, 2022; originally announced August 2022.

Comments: 31 pages, 23 Figures, 8 Tables

Snowmass'21 Whitepaper -- IsoDAR Overview

Authors: J. R. Alonso, J. M. Conrad, Y. D. Kim, S. H. Seo, M. H. Shaevitz, J. Spitz, D. Winklehner

Abstract: IsoDAR@Yemilab is a unique facility for underground neutrino physics. The system comprises an accelerator-driven $\barν_e$ source located next to the Yemilab LSC 2.3 kt detector. Because this facility is first-of-its-kind, it opens new approaches to Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics searches. The program is most well-known for its capability to perform searches for new oscillation signatures at… ▽ More IsoDAR@Yemilab is a unique facility for underground neutrino physics. The system comprises an accelerator-driven $\barν_e$ source located next to the Yemilab LSC 2.3 kt detector. Because this facility is first-of-its-kind, it opens new approaches to Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics searches. The program is most well-known for its capability to perform searches for new oscillation signatures at high statistics in a model-agnostic manner. IsoDAR@Yemilab can definitively resolve the question of $\barν_e$ disappearance at short baselines. Beyond this, IsoDAR offers a broad range of searches for new neutrino properties and new particles. The facility uses a state-of-the art cyclotron, that is now fully designed and is undergoing protoyping. Preliminary approval to run at Yemilab in South Korea has led to the completed excavation of caverns. While the accelerator is designed to run underground, IsoDAR accelerators can also be constructed on the surface, allowing this project to contribute to the opportunity for production of life-saving medical isotopes. The capabilites, technical elements, and deployment studies are well-documented in articles on arXiv, and appear in multiple Snowmass'21 whitepapers. Rather than repeat this text, this whitepaper provides a "table of contents" to these documents. △ Less

Submitted 19 March, 2022; v1 submitted 15 March, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Comments: contribution to Snowmass 2021

White Paper on Light Sterile Neutrino Searches and Related Phenomenology

Authors: M. A. Acero, C. A. Argüelles, M. Hostert, D. Kalra, G. Karagiorgi, K. J. Kelly, B. Littlejohn, P. Machado, W. Pettus, M. Toups, M. Ross-Lonergan, A. Sousa, P. T. Surukuchi, Y. Y. Y. Wong, W. Abdallah, A. M. Abdullahi, R. Akutsu, L. Alvarez-Ruso, D. S. M. Alves, A. Aurisano, A. B. Balantekin, J. M. Berryman, T. Bertólez-Martínez, J. Brunner, M. Blennow , et al. (147 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This white paper provides a comprehensive review of our present understanding of experimental neutrino anomalies that remain unresolved, charting the progress achieved over the last decade at the experimental and phenomenological level, and sets the stage for future programmatic prospects in addressing those anomalies. It is purposed to serve as a guiding and motivational "encyclopedic" reference,… ▽ More This white paper provides a comprehensive review of our present understanding of experimental neutrino anomalies that remain unresolved, charting the progress achieved over the last decade at the experimental and phenomenological level, and sets the stage for future programmatic prospects in addressing those anomalies. It is purposed to serve as a guiding and motivational "encyclopedic" reference, with emphasis on needs and options for future exploration that may lead to the ultimate resolution of the anomalies. We see the main experimental, analysis, and theory-driven thrusts that will be essential to achieving this goal being: 1) Cover all anomaly sectors -- given the unresolved nature of all four canonical anomalies, it is imperative to support all pillars of a diverse experimental portfolio, source, reactor, decay-at-rest, decay-in-flight, and other methods/sources, to provide complementary probes of and increased precision for new physics explanations; 2) Pursue diverse signatures -- it is imperative that experiments make design and analysis choices that maximize sensitivity to as broad an array of these potential new physics signatures as possible; 3) Deepen theoretical engagement -- priority in the theory community should be placed on development of standard and beyond standard models relevant to all four short-baseline anomalies and the development of tools for efficient tests of these models with existing and future experimental datasets; 4) Openly share data -- Fluid communication between the experimental and theory communities will be required, which implies that both experimental data releases and theoretical calculations should be publicly available; and 5) Apply robust analysis techniques -- Appropriate statistical treatment is crucial to assess the compatibility of data sets within the context of any given model. △ Less

Submitted 29 October, 2024; v1 submitted 14 March, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Comments: Contribution to Snowmass 2021 by the NF02 Topical Group (Understanding Experimental Neutrino Anomalies). Published in J. Phys. G as a Major Report

Journal ref: J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 51 120501 (2024)

A Call to Arms Control: Synergies between Nonproliferation Applications of Neutrino Detectors and Large-Scale Fundamental Neutrino Physics Experiments

Authors: T. Akindele, T. Anderson, E. Anderssen, M. Askins, M. Bohles, A. J. Bacon, Z. Bagdasarian, A. Baldoni, A. Barna, N. Barros, L. Bartoszek, A. Bat, E. W. Beier, T. Benson, M. Bergevin, A. Bernstein, B. Birrittella, E. Blucher, J. Boissevain, R. Bonventre, J. Borusinki, E. Bourret, D. Brown, E. J. Callaghan, J. Caravaca , et al. (140 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The High Energy Physics community can benefit from a natural synergy in research activities into next-generation large-scale water and scintillator neutrino detectors, now being studied for remote reactor monitoring, discovery and exclusion applications in cooperative nonproliferation contexts. Since approximately 2010, US nonproliferation researchers, supported by the National Nuclear Security… ▽ More The High Energy Physics community can benefit from a natural synergy in research activities into next-generation large-scale water and scintillator neutrino detectors, now being studied for remote reactor monitoring, discovery and exclusion applications in cooperative nonproliferation contexts. Since approximately 2010, US nonproliferation researchers, supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), have been studying a range of possible applications of relatively large (100 ton) to very large (hundreds of kiloton) water and scintillator neutrino detectors. In parallel, the fundamental physics community has been developing detectors at similar scales and with similar design features for a range of high-priority physics topics, primarily in fundamental neutrino physics. These topics include neutrino oscillation studies at beams and reactors, solar, and geological neutrino measurements, supernova studies, and others. Examples of ongoing synergistic work at U.S. national laboratories and universities include prototype gadolinium-doped water and water-based and opaque scintillator test-beds and demonstrators, extensive testing and industry partnerships related to large area fast position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes, and the development of concepts for a possible underground kiloton-scale water-based detector for reactor monitoring and technology demonstrations. Some opportunities for engagement between the two communities include bi-annual Applied Antineutrino Physics conferences, collaboration with U.S. National Laboratories engaging in this research, and occasional NNSA funding opportunities supporting a blend of nonproliferation and basic science R&D, directed at the U.S. academic community. △ Less

Submitted 20 April, 2022; v1 submitted 28 February, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Comments: contribution to Snowmass 2021

Report number: LLNL-MI-831404

IsoDAR@Yemilab: A Conceptual Design Report for the Deployment of the Isotope Decay-At-Rest Experiment in Korea's New Underground Laboratory, Yemilab

Authors: J. R. Alonso, K. M. Bang, R. Barlow, L. Bartoszek, A. Bungau, L. Calabretta, J. M. Conrad, S. Kayser, Y. D. Kim, K. S. Park, S. H. Seo, M. H. Shaevitz, J. Spitz, L. H. Waites, D. Winklehner

Abstract: This Conceptual Design Report addresses the site-specific issues associated with the deployment of the IsoDAR experiment at the Yemilab site. IsoDAR@Yemilab pairs the IsoDAR cyclotron-driven $\barν_e$ source with the proposed Liquid Scintillator Counter (LSC) 2.5 kton detector. This document describes the proposed siting: requirements for the caverns to house the cyclotron, beam transport line, an… ▽ More This Conceptual Design Report addresses the site-specific issues associated with the deployment of the IsoDAR experiment at the Yemilab site. IsoDAR@Yemilab pairs the IsoDAR cyclotron-driven $\barν_e$ source with the proposed Liquid Scintillator Counter (LSC) 2.5 kton detector. This document describes the proposed siting: requirements for the caverns to house the cyclotron, beam transport line, and target systems; issues associated with transport and assembly of components on the site; electrical power, cooling and ventilation; as well as issues associated with radiation protection of the environment and staff of Yemilab who will be interfacing with IsoDAR during its operational phases. The onset of construction of the IsoDAR area at Yemilab, in tandem with the release of this design report, represents a key step forward in establishing IsoDAR@Yemilab. △ Less

Submitted 28 December, 2021; v1 submitted 20 October, 2021; originally announced October 2021.

Supernova Model Discrimination with Hyper-Kamiokande

Authors: Hyper-Kamiokande Collaboration, :, K. Abe, P. Adrich, H. Aihara, R. Akutsu, I. Alekseev, A. Ali, F. Ameli, I. Anghel, L. H. V. Anthony, M. Antonova, A. Araya, Y. Asaoka, Y. Ashida, V. Aushev, F. Ballester, I. Bandac, M. Barbi, G. J. Barker, G. Barr, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M. Bellato, V. Berardi, M. Bergevin , et al. (478 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Core-collapse supernovae are among the most magnificent events in the observable universe. They produce many of the chemical elements necessary for life to exist and their remnants -- neutron stars and black holes -- are interesting astrophysical objects in their own right. However, despite millennia of observations and almost a century of astrophysical study, the explosion mechanism of core-colla… ▽ More Core-collapse supernovae are among the most magnificent events in the observable universe. They produce many of the chemical elements necessary for life to exist and their remnants -- neutron stars and black holes -- are interesting astrophysical objects in their own right. However, despite millennia of observations and almost a century of astrophysical study, the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae is not yet well understood. Hyper-Kamiokande is a next-generation neutrino detector that will be able to observe the neutrino flux from the next galactic core-collapse supernova in unprecedented detail. We focus on the first 500 ms of the neutrino burst, corresponding to the accretion phase, and use a newly-developed, high-precision supernova event generator to simulate Hyper-Kamiokande's response to five different supernova models. We show that Hyper-Kamiokande will be able to distinguish between these models with high accuracy for a supernova at a distance of up to 100 kpc. Once the next galactic supernova happens, this ability will be a powerful tool for guiding simulations towards a precise reproduction of the explosion mechanism observed in nature. △ Less

Submitted 20 July, 2021; v1 submitted 13 January, 2021; originally announced January 2021.

Comments: 21 pages, 7 figures. Article based on thesis published as arXiv:2002.01649. v2: added references and some explanations in response to reviewer comments

Journal ref: Astrophys.J. 916 (2021) 15

Pulse Shape Discrimination of Fast Neutron Background using Convolutional Neural Network for NEOS II

Authors: NEOS II Collaboration, Y. Jeong, B. Y. Han, E. J. Jeon, H. S. Jo, D. K. Kim, J. Y. Kim, J. G. Kim, Y. D. Kim, Y. J. Ko, H. M. Lee, M. H. Lee, J. Lee, C. S. Moon, Y. M. Oh, H. K. Park, K. S. Park, S. H. Seo, K. Siyeon, G. M. Sun, Y. S. Yoon, I. Yu

Abstract: Pulse shape discrimination plays a key role in improving the signal-to-background ratio in NEOS analysis by removing fast neutrons. Identifying particles by looking at the tail of the waveform has been an effective and plausible approach for pulse shape discrimination, but has the limitation in sorting low energy particles. As a good alternative, the convolutional neural network can scan the entir… ▽ More Pulse shape discrimination plays a key role in improving the signal-to-background ratio in NEOS analysis by removing fast neutrons. Identifying particles by looking at the tail of the waveform has been an effective and plausible approach for pulse shape discrimination, but has the limitation in sorting low energy particles. As a good alternative, the convolutional neural network can scan the entire waveform as they are to recognize the characteristics of the pulse and perform shape classification of NEOS data. This network provides a powerful identification tool for all energy ranges and helps to search unprecedented phenomena of low-energy, a few MeV or less, neutrinos. △ Less

Submitted 28 September, 2020; originally announced September 2020.

Comments: 7 figures

Observation of Reactor Antineutrino Disappearance Using Delayed Neutron Capture on Hydrogen at RENO

Authors: C. D. Shin, Zohaib Atif, G. Bak, J. H. Choi, H. I. Jang, J. S. Jang, S. H. Jeon, K. K. Joo, K. Ju, D. E. Jung, J. G. Kim, J. Y. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. Y. Kim, W. Kim, E. Kwon, D. H. Lee, H. G. Lee, Y. C. Lee, I. T. Lim, D. H. Moon, M. Y. Pac, C. Rott, H. Seo, J. H. Seo , et al. (6 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation (RENO) experiment has been taking data using two identical liquid scintillator detectors of 44.5 tons since August 2011. The experiment has observed the disappearance of reactor neutrinos in their interactions with free protons, followed by neutron capture on hydrogen. Based on 1500 live days of data taken with 16.8 GW$_{th}$ reactors at the Hanbit N… ▽ More The Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation (RENO) experiment has been taking data using two identical liquid scintillator detectors of 44.5 tons since August 2011. The experiment has observed the disappearance of reactor neutrinos in their interactions with free protons, followed by neutron capture on hydrogen. Based on 1500 live days of data taken with 16.8 GW$_{th}$ reactors at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant in Korea, the near (far) detector observes 567690 (90747) electron antineutrino candidate events with a delayed neutron capture on hydrogen. This provides an independent measurement of $θ_{13}$ and a consistency check on the validity of the result from n-Gd data. Furthermore, it provides an important cross-check on the systematic uncertainties of the n-Gd measurement. Based on a rate-only analysis, we obtain sin$^{2}$2$θ_{13}$= 0.087 $\pm$ 0.008 (stat.) $\pm$ 0.014 (syst.). △ Less

Submitted 11 November, 2019; originally announced November 2019.

Comments: 26 pages, 19 figures, 6 tables

Theia: An advanced optical neutrino detector

Authors: M. Askins, Z. Bagdasarian, N. Barros, E. W. Beier, E. Blucher, R. Bonventre, E. Callaghan, J. Caravaca, M. Diwan, S. T. Dye, J. Eisch, A. Elagin, T. Enqvist, V. Fischer, K. Frankiewicz, C. Grant, D. Guffanti, C. Hagner, A. Hallin, C. M. Jackson, R. Jiang, T. Kaptanoglu, J. R. Klein, Yu. G. Kolomensky, C. Kraus , et al. (53 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: New developments in liquid scintillators, high-efficiency, fast photon detectors, and chromatic photon sorting have opened up the possibility for building a large-scale detector that can discriminate between Cherenkov and scintillation signals. Such a detector could exploit these two distinct signals to observe particle direction and species using Cherenkov light while also having the excellent en… ▽ More New developments in liquid scintillators, high-efficiency, fast photon detectors, and chromatic photon sorting have opened up the possibility for building a large-scale detector that can discriminate between Cherenkov and scintillation signals. Such a detector could exploit these two distinct signals to observe particle direction and species using Cherenkov light while also having the excellent energy resolution and low threshold of a scintillator detector. Situated in a deep underground laboratory, and utilizing new techniques in computing and reconstruction techniques, such a detector could achieve unprecedented levels of background rejection, thus enabling a rich physics program that would span topics in nuclear, high-energy, and astrophysics, and across a dynamic range from hundreds of keV to many GeV. The scientific program would include observations of low- and high-energy solar neutrinos, determination of neutrino mass ordering and measurement of the neutrino CP violating phase, observations of diffuse supernova neutrinos and neutrinos from a supernova burst, sensitive searches for nucleon decay and, ultimately, a search for NeutrinoLess Double Beta Decay (NLDBD) with sensitivity reaching the normal ordering regime of neutrino mass phase space. This paper describes Theia, a detector design that incorporates these new technologies in a practical and affordable way to accomplish the science goals described above. We consider two scenarios, one in which Theia would reside in a cavern the size and shape of the caverns intended to be excavated for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) which we call Theia 25, and a larger 100 ktonne version (Theia 100) that could achieve an even broader and more sensitive scientific program. △ Less

Submitted 22 February, 2021; v1 submitted 8 November, 2019; originally announced November 2019.

Journal ref: The European Physical Journal C volume 80, Article number: 416 (2020)

Hyper-Kamiokande Design Report

Authors: Hyper-Kamiokande Proto-Collaboration, :, K. Abe, Ke. Abe, H. Aihara, A. Aimi, R. Akutsu, C. Andreopoulos, I. Anghel, L. H. V. Anthony, M. Antonova, Y. Ashida, V. Aushev, M. Barbi, G. J. Barker, G. Barr, P. Beltrame, V. Berardi, M. Bergevin, S. Berkman, L. Berns, T. Berry, S. Bhadra, D. Bravo-Berguño, F. d. M. Blaszczyk , et al. (291 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: On the strength of a double Nobel prize winning experiment (Super)Kamiokande and an extremely successful long baseline neutrino programme, the third generation Water Cherenkov detector, Hyper-Kamiokande, is being developed by an international collaboration as a leading worldwide experiment based in Japan. The Hyper-Kamiokande detector will be hosted in the Tochibora mine, about 295 km away from th… ▽ More On the strength of a double Nobel prize winning experiment (Super)Kamiokande and an extremely successful long baseline neutrino programme, the third generation Water Cherenkov detector, Hyper-Kamiokande, is being developed by an international collaboration as a leading worldwide experiment based in Japan. The Hyper-Kamiokande detector will be hosted in the Tochibora mine, about 295 km away from the J-PARC proton accelerator research complex in Tokai, Japan. The currently existing accelerator will be steadily upgraded to reach a MW beam by the start of the experiment. A suite of near detectors will be vital to constrain the beam for neutrino oscillation measurements. A new cavern will be excavated at the Tochibora mine to host the detector. The experiment will be the largest underground water Cherenkov detector in the world and will be instrumented with new technology photosensors, faster and with higher quantum efficiency than the ones in Super-Kamiokande. The science that will be developed will be able to shape the future theoretical framework and generations of experiments. Hyper-Kamiokande will be able to measure with the highest precision the leptonic CP violation that could explain the baryon asymmetry in the Universe. The experiment also has a demonstrated excellent capability to search for proton decay, providing a significant improvement in discovery sensitivity over current searches for the proton lifetime. The atmospheric neutrinos will allow to determine the neutrino mass ordering and, together with the beam, able to precisely test the three-flavour neutrino oscillation paradigm and search for new phenomena. A strong astrophysical programme will be carried out at the experiment that will detect supernova neutrinos and will measure precisely solar neutrino oscillation. △ Less

Submitted 28 November, 2018; v1 submitted 9 May, 2018; originally announced May 2018.

Comments: 325 pages

Technical Design Report (TDR): Searching for a Sterile Neutrino at J-PARC MLF (E56, JSNS2)

Authors: S. Ajimura, M. K. Cheoun, J. H. Choi, H. Furuta, M. Harada, S. Hasegawa, Y. Hino, T. Hiraiwa, E. Iwai, S. Iwata, J. S. Jang, H. I. Jang, K. K. Joo, J. Jordan, S. K. Kang, T. Kawasaki, Y. Kasugai, E. J. Kim, J. Y. Kim, S. B. Kim, W. Kim, K. Kuwata, E. Kwon, I. T. Lim, T. Maruyama , et al. (28 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: In this document, the technical details of the JSNS$^2$ (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) experiment are described. The search for sterile neutrinos is currently one of the hottest topics in neutrino physics. The JSNS$^2$ experiment aims to search for the existence of neutrino oscillations with $Δm^2$ near 1 eV$^2$ at the J-PARC Materials and Life Science Exper… ▽ More In this document, the technical details of the JSNS$^2$ (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) experiment are described. The search for sterile neutrinos is currently one of the hottest topics in neutrino physics. The JSNS$^2$ experiment aims to search for the existence of neutrino oscillations with $Δm^2$ near 1 eV$^2$ at the J-PARC Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF). A 1 MW beam of 3 GeV protons incident on a spallation neutron target produces an intense neutrino beam from muon decay at rest. Neutrinos come predominantly from $μ^+$ decay: $μ^{+} \to e^{+} + \barν_μ + ν_{e}$. The experiment will search for $\barν_μ$ to $\barν_{e}$ oscillations which are detected by the inverse beta decay interaction $\barν_{e} + p \to e^{+} + n$, followed by gammas from neutron capture on Gd. The detector has a fiducial volume of 17 tons and is located 24 meters away from the mercury target. JSNS$^2$ offers the ultimate direct test of the LSND anomaly. In addition to the sterile neutrino search, the physics program includes cross section measurements with neutrinos with a few 10's of MeV from muon decay at rest and with monochromatic 236 MeV neutrinos from kaon decay at rest. These cross sections are relevant for our understanding of supernova explosions and nuclear physics. △ Less

Submitted 24 May, 2017; originally announced May 2017.

Physics Potentials with the Second Hyper-Kamiokande Detector in Korea

Authors: Hyper-Kamiokande proto-collaboration, :, K. Abe, Ke. Abe, S. H. Ahn, H. Aihara, A. Aimi, R. Akutsu, C. Andreopoulos, I. Anghel, L. H. V. Anthony, M. Antonova, Y. Ashida, V. Aushev, M. Barbi, G. J. Barker, G. Barr, P. Beltrame, V. Berardi, M. Bergevin, S. Berkman, L. Berns, T. Berry, S. Bhadra, D. Bravo-Bergu no , et al. (331 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Hyper-Kamiokande consists of two identical water-Cherenkov detectors of total 520~kt with the first one in Japan at 295~km from the J-PARC neutrino beam with 2.5$^{\textrm{o}}$ Off-Axis Angles (OAAs), and the second one possibly in Korea in a later stage. Having the second detector in Korea would benefit almost all areas of neutrino oscillation physics mainly due to longer baselines. There are sev… ▽ More Hyper-Kamiokande consists of two identical water-Cherenkov detectors of total 520~kt with the first one in Japan at 295~km from the J-PARC neutrino beam with 2.5$^{\textrm{o}}$ Off-Axis Angles (OAAs), and the second one possibly in Korea in a later stage. Having the second detector in Korea would benefit almost all areas of neutrino oscillation physics mainly due to longer baselines. There are several candidate sites in Korea with baselines of 1,000$\sim$1,300~km and OAAs of 1$^{\textrm{o}}$$\sim$3$^{\textrm{o}}$. We conducted sensitivity studies on neutrino oscillation physics for a second detector, either in Japan (JD $\times$ 2) or Korea (JD + KD) and compared the results with a single detector in Japan. Leptonic CP violation sensitivity is improved especially when the CP is non-maximally violated. The larger matter effect at Korean candidate sites significantly enhances sensitivities to non-standard interactions of neutrinos and mass ordering determination. Current studies indicate the best sensitivity is obtained at Mt. Bisul (1,088~km baseline, $1.3^\circ$ OAA). Thanks to a larger (1,000~m) overburden than the first detector site, clear improvements to sensitivities for solar and supernova relic neutrino searches are expected. △ Less

Submitted 26 March, 2018; v1 submitted 18 November, 2016; originally announced November 2016.

Comments: 102 pages, 49 figures. Accepted by PTEP

Journal ref: Prog Theor Exp Phys (2018)

Spectral Measurement of the Electron Antineutrino Oscillation Amplitude and Frequency using 500 Live Days of RENO Data

Authors: S. H. Seo, W. Q. Choi, H. Seo, J. H. Choi, Y. Choi, H. I. Jang, J. S. Jang, K. K. Joo, B. R. Kim, H. S. Kim, J. Y. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. Y. Kim, W. Kim, E. Kwon, D. H. Lee, Y. C. Lee, I. T. Lim, M. Y. Pac, I. G. Park, J. S. Park, R. G. Park, Y. G. Seon, C. D. Shin, J. H. Yang , et al. (3 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation (RENO) has been taking electron antineutrino ($\overlineν_{e}$) data from the reactors in Yonggwang, Korea, using two identical detectors since August 2011. Using roughly 500 live days of data through January 2013 we observe 290,775 (31,514) reactor $\overlineν_{e}$ candidate events with 2.8 (4.9)% background in the near (far) detector. The observed… ▽ More The Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation (RENO) has been taking electron antineutrino ($\overlineν_{e}$) data from the reactors in Yonggwang, Korea, using two identical detectors since August 2011. Using roughly 500 live days of data through January 2013 we observe 290,775 (31,514) reactor $\overlineν_{e}$ candidate events with 2.8 (4.9)% background in the near (far) detector. The observed visible positron spectra from the reactor $\overlineν_{e}$ events in both detectors show discrepancy around 5 MeV with regard to the prediction from the current reactor $\overlineν_{e}$ model. Based on a far-to-near ratio measurement using the spectral and rate information we have obtained $\sin^2 2 θ_{13} = 0.082 \pm 0.009({\rm stat.}) \pm 0.006({\rm syst.})$ and $|Δm_{ee}^2| =[2.62_{-0.23}^{+0.21}({\rm stat.})_{-0.13}^{+0.12}({\rm syst.})]\times 10^{-3}$eV$^2$. △ Less

Submitted 16 May, 2018; v1 submitted 14 October, 2016; originally announced October 2016.

Comments: 24 pages, 30 figures. Submitted to PRD. Total detection efficiency change from 76.44% to 76.47%. Some modifications of text to improve readability and clarification of the paper

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 98, 012002 (2018)

In-Situ Measurement of Relative Attenuation Length of Gadolinium-Loaded Liquid Scintillator Using Source Data at RENO Experiment

Authors: H. S. Kim, S. Y. Kim, J. H. Choi, W. Q. Choi, Y. Choi, H. I. Jang, J. S. Jang, K. K. Joo, B. R. Kim, J. Y. Kim, S. B. Kim, W. Kim, E. Kwon, D. H. Lee, I. T. Lim, M. Y. Pac, I. G. Park, J. S. Park, R. G. Park, H. Seo, S. H. Seo, Y. G. Seon, C. D. Shin, I. S. Yeo, I. Yu

Abstract: We present in situ measurements of the relative attenuation length of the gadolinium loaded liquid scintillator in the RENO (Reactor Experiment Neutrino Oscillation) detectors using radioactive source calibration data. We observed a steady decrease in the attenuation length of the Gd-LS in the RENO detectors by 50% in about four years since the commissioning of the detectors. We present in situ measurements of the relative attenuation length of the gadolinium loaded liquid scintillator in the RENO (Reactor Experiment Neutrino Oscillation) detectors using radioactive source calibration data. We observed a steady decrease in the attenuation length of the Gd-LS in the RENO detectors by 50% in about four years since the commissioning of the detectors. △ Less

Submitted 22 May, 2023; v1 submitted 29 September, 2016; originally announced September 2016.

Comments: 11 pages, 5 figures

Measurement of South Pole ice transparency with the IceCube LED calibration system

Authors: IceCube Collaboration, M. G. Aartsen, R. Abbasi, Y. Abdou, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, D. Altmann, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, M. Baker, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, S. Bechet, J. Becker Tjus, K. -H. Becker, M. Bell, M. L. Benabderrahmane, S. BenZvi, J. Berdermann, P. Berghaus, D. Berley , et al. (250 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, approximately 1 km^3 in size, is now complete with 86 strings deployed in the Antarctic ice. IceCube detects the Cherenkov radiation emitted by charged particles passing through or created in the ice. To realize the full potential of the detector, the properties of light propagation in the ice in and around the detector must be well understood. This report present… ▽ More The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, approximately 1 km^3 in size, is now complete with 86 strings deployed in the Antarctic ice. IceCube detects the Cherenkov radiation emitted by charged particles passing through or created in the ice. To realize the full potential of the detector, the properties of light propagation in the ice in and around the detector must be well understood. This report presents a new method of fitting the model of light propagation in the ice to a data set of in-situ light source events collected with IceCube. The resulting set of derived parameters, namely the measured values of scattering and absorption coefficients vs. depth, is presented and a comparison of IceCube data with simulations based on the new model is shown. △ Less

Submitted 22 January, 2013; originally announced January 2013.

Journal ref: NIM A711:73,2013

An improved method for measuring muon energy using the truncated mean of dE/dx

Authors: IceCube collaboration, R. Abbasi, Y. Abdou, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, D. Altmann, K. Andeen, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, M. Baker, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, K. Beattie, J. J. Beatty, S. Bechet, J. Becker Tjus, K. -H. Becker, M. Bell, M. L. Benabderrahmane, S. BenZvi, J. Berdermann, P. Berghaus , et al. (255 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The measurement of muon energy is critical for many analyses in large Cherenkov detectors, particularly those that involve separating extraterrestrial neutrinos from the atmospheric neutrino background. Muon energy has traditionally been determined by measuring the specific energy loss (dE/dx) along the muon's path and relating the dE/dx to the muon energy. Because high-energy muons (E_mu > 1 TeV)… ▽ More The measurement of muon energy is critical for many analyses in large Cherenkov detectors, particularly those that involve separating extraterrestrial neutrinos from the atmospheric neutrino background. Muon energy has traditionally been determined by measuring the specific energy loss (dE/dx) along the muon's path and relating the dE/dx to the muon energy. Because high-energy muons (E_mu > 1 TeV) lose energy randomly, the spread in dE/dx values is quite large, leading to a typical energy resolution of 0.29 in log10(E_mu) for a muon observed over a 1 km path length in the IceCube detector. In this paper, we present an improved method that uses a truncated mean and other techniques to determine the muon energy. The muon track is divided into separate segments with individual dE/dx values. The elimination of segments with the highest dE/dx results in an overall dE/dx that is more closely correlated to the muon energy. This method results in an energy resolution of 0.22 in log10(E_mu), which gives a 26% improvement. This technique is applicable to any large water or ice detector and potentially to large scintillator or liquid argon detectors. △ Less

Submitted 9 November, 2012; v1 submitted 16 August, 2012; originally announced August 2012.

Comments: 12 pages, 16 figures

Journal ref: NIM A703:190,2013

Use of event-level neutrino telescope data in global fits for theories of new physics

Authors: P. Scott, C. Savage, J. Edsjö, the IceCube Collaboration, :, R. Abbasi, Y. Abdou, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, D. Altmann, K. Andeen, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, M. Baker, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, K. Beattie, J. J. Beatty, S. Bechet, J. Becker Tjus, K. -H. Becker, M. Bell , et al. (253 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We present a fast likelihood method for including event-level neutrino telescope data in parameter explorations of theories for new physics, and announce its public release as part of DarkSUSY 5.0.6. Our construction includes both angular and spectral information about neutrino events, as well as their total number. We also present a corresponding measure for simple model exclusion, which can be u… ▽ More We present a fast likelihood method for including event-level neutrino telescope data in parameter explorations of theories for new physics, and announce its public release as part of DarkSUSY 5.0.6. Our construction includes both angular and spectral information about neutrino events, as well as their total number. We also present a corresponding measure for simple model exclusion, which can be used for single models without reference to the rest of a parameter space. We perform a number of supersymmetric parameter scans with IceCube data to illustrate the utility of the method: example global fits and a signal recovery in the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM), and a model exclusion exercise in a 7-parameter phenomenological version of the MSSM. The final IceCube detector configuration will probe almost the entire focus-point region of the CMSSM, as well as a number of MSSM-7 models that will not otherwise be accessible to e.g. direct detection. Our method accurately recovers the mock signal, and provides tight constraints on model parameters and derived quantities. We show that the inclusion of spectral information significantly improves the accuracy of the recovery, providing motivation for its use in future IceCube analyses. △ Less

Submitted 1 October, 2012; v1 submitted 3 July, 2012; originally announced July 2012.

Comments: 29 pages, 6 figures. v2 adds additional explanation in p-value derivation, matches version accepted for publication in JCAP

Journal ref: JCAP 11(2012)057