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Using Machine Learning to Separate Cherenkov and Scintillation Light in Hybrid Neutrino Detector
Authors:
Ayse Bat
Abstract:
This research investigates the separation of Cherenkov and Scintillation light signals within a simulated Water-based Liquid Scintillator (WbLS) detector, utilizing the XGBoost machine learning algorithm. The simulation data were gathered using the Rat-Pac software, which was built on the Geant4 architecture. The use of the WbLS medium has the capability to generate both Scintillation and Cherenko…
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This research investigates the separation of Cherenkov and Scintillation light signals within a simulated Water-based Liquid Scintillator (WbLS) detector, utilizing the XGBoost machine learning algorithm. The simulation data were gathered using the Rat-Pac software, which was built on the Geant4 architecture. The use of the WbLS medium has the capability to generate both Scintillation and Cherenkov light inside a single detector. To show the separation power of these two physics events, we will use the supervised learning approach. The assessment utilized a confusion matrix, classification report, and ROC curve, with the ROC curve indicating a performance result of $0.96 \pm 1.2\times 10^{-4}$. The research also aimed to identify essential parameters for effectively distinguishing these physics events through machine learning. For this, the study also introduced the SHAP methodology, utilizing game theory to assess feature contributions. The findings demonstrated that the number of hits has a significant effect on the trained model, while the mean hit time has a somewhat smaller impact. This research advances the utilization of AI and simulation data for accurate Cherenkov and Scintillation light separation in neutrino detectors
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Submitted 24 April, 2024; v1 submitted 8 March, 2024;
originally announced March 2024.
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Monte Carlo method for constructing confidence intervals with unconstrained and constrained nuisance parameters in the NOvA experiment
Authors:
M. A. Acero,
B. Acharya,
P. Adamson,
L. Aliaga,
N. Anfimov,
A. Antoshkin,
E. Arrieta-Diaz,
L. Asquith,
A. Aurisano,
A. Back,
C. Backhouse,
M. Baird,
N. Balashov,
P. Baldi,
B. A. Bambah,
S. Bashar,
A. Bat,
K. Bays,
R. Bernstein,
V. Bhatnagar,
D. Bhattarai,
B. Bhuyan,
J. Bian,
A. C. Booth,
R. Bowles
, et al. (196 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Measuring observables to constrain models using maximum-likelihood estimation is fundamental to many physics experiments. Wilks' theorem provides a simple way to construct confidence intervals on model parameters, but it only applies under certain conditions. These conditions, such as nested hypotheses and unbounded parameters, are often violated in neutrino oscillation measurements and other expe…
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Measuring observables to constrain models using maximum-likelihood estimation is fundamental to many physics experiments. Wilks' theorem provides a simple way to construct confidence intervals on model parameters, but it only applies under certain conditions. These conditions, such as nested hypotheses and unbounded parameters, are often violated in neutrino oscillation measurements and other experimental scenarios. Monte Carlo methods can address these issues, albeit at increased computational cost. In the presence of nuisance parameters, however, the best way to implement a Monte Carlo method is ambiguous. This paper documents the method selected by the NOvA experiment, the profile construction. It presents the toy studies that informed the choice of method, details of its implementation, and tests performed to validate it. It also includes some practical considerations which may be of use to others choosing to use the profile construction.
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Submitted 24 January, 2025; v1 submitted 28 July, 2022;
originally announced July 2022.
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A Call to Arms Control: Synergies between Nonproliferation Applications of Neutrino Detectors and Large-Scale Fundamental Neutrino Physics Experiments
Authors:
T. Akindele,
T. Anderson,
E. Anderssen,
M. Askins,
M. Bohles,
A. J. Bacon,
Z. Bagdasarian,
A. Baldoni,
A. Barna,
N. Barros,
L. Bartoszek,
A. Bat,
E. W. Beier,
T. Benson,
M. Bergevin,
A. Bernstein,
B. Birrittella,
E. Blucher,
J. Boissevain,
R. Bonventre,
J. Borusinki,
E. Bourret,
D. Brown,
E. J. Callaghan,
J. Caravaca
, et al. (140 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The High Energy Physics community can benefit from a natural synergy in research activities into next-generation large-scale water and scintillator neutrino detectors, now being studied for remote reactor monitoring, discovery and exclusion applications in cooperative nonproliferation contexts.
Since approximately 2010, US nonproliferation researchers, supported by the National Nuclear Security…
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The High Energy Physics community can benefit from a natural synergy in research activities into next-generation large-scale water and scintillator neutrino detectors, now being studied for remote reactor monitoring, discovery and exclusion applications in cooperative nonproliferation contexts.
Since approximately 2010, US nonproliferation researchers, supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), have been studying a range of possible applications of relatively large (100 ton) to very large (hundreds of kiloton) water and scintillator neutrino detectors.
In parallel, the fundamental physics community has been developing detectors at similar scales and with similar design features for a range of high-priority physics topics, primarily in fundamental neutrino physics. These topics include neutrino oscillation studies at beams and reactors, solar, and geological neutrino measurements, supernova studies, and others.
Examples of ongoing synergistic work at U.S. national laboratories and universities include prototype gadolinium-doped water and water-based and opaque scintillator test-beds and demonstrators, extensive testing and industry partnerships related to large area fast position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes, and the development of concepts for a possible underground kiloton-scale water-based detector for reactor monitoring and technology demonstrations.
Some opportunities for engagement between the two communities include bi-annual Applied Antineutrino Physics conferences, collaboration with U.S. National Laboratories engaging in this research, and occasional NNSA funding opportunities supporting a blend of nonproliferation and basic science R&D, directed at the U.S. academic community.
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Submitted 20 April, 2022; v1 submitted 28 February, 2022;
originally announced March 2022.
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Low Energy Neutrino Detection with a Portable Water-based Liquid Scintillator Detector
Authors:
Ayse Bat,
Emrah Tiras,
Vincent Fischer,
Mirac Kamislioglu
Abstract:
In this study, the conceptual design and physics simulations of a near-field Water-based Liquid Scintillator (WbLS) detector placed 100 meters from the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant (ANPP), currently under construction and aiming at being Turkey's first nuclear power plant, is presented. The ANPP is an excellent opportunity for neutrino studies and the development of an R&D program for neutrino detec…
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In this study, the conceptual design and physics simulations of a near-field Water-based Liquid Scintillator (WbLS) detector placed 100 meters from the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant (ANPP), currently under construction and aiming at being Turkey's first nuclear power plant, is presented. The ANPP is an excellent opportunity for neutrino studies and the development of an R&D program for neutrino detectors in Turkey. The Reactor Neutrino Experiments of Turkey (RNET) program includes a compact and portable detector with a 2.5-ton volume of WbLS and a ~30% photo-coverage, and the program is planned to be expanded with a medium-size 30-ton detector that will be an international testbed for low energy neutrino studies for WbLS and new detector technologies. In the following, the focus will be on the smaller ~2.5-ton detector, instrumented with 8-inch high quantum efficiency PMTs and two layers of cosmic veto paddles, covering all sides of the detector, to track and veto cosmic particles. Inverse Beta Decay (IBD) events from electronic antineutrinos generated in the reactor core are simulated using the RAT-PAC simulation package and several liquids with different percentages of Liquid Scintillator (LS) and Gadolinium (Gd) are investigated.
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Submitted 6 December, 2021;
originally announced December 2021.