Showing 1–50 of 97 results for author: Lu, T

Aligning Heterogeneous DFT Datasets: A Graph Neural Network Approach to Cross-Functional Formation Energies

Authors: Yidong Huang, Tenglong Lu, Hanwen Kang, Junfeng Huang, Sheng Meng, Miao Liu

Abstract: Heterogeneous density functional theory (DFT) calculations, particularly plane-wave implementations, introduce systematic formation energy errors ranging from tens to hundreds of meV/atom, depending on the selection of exchange-correlation functionals, kinetic energy cutoffs, pseudopotentials, and dispersion corrections. As demonstrated by the MatPES dataset, identical structures can exhibit an av… ▽ More Heterogeneous density functional theory (DFT) calculations, particularly plane-wave implementations, introduce systematic formation energy errors ranging from tens to hundreds of meV/atom, depending on the selection of exchange-correlation functionals, kinetic energy cutoffs, pseudopotentials, and dispersion corrections. As demonstrated by the MatPES dataset, identical structures can exhibit an average energy discrepancy of 107 meV/atom between PBE and r2SCAN calculations. Such method-dependent discrepancies hinder the integration of multi-source DFT data, greatly limiting the scale and quality of datasets for training robust materials AI models. Here, we resolve this fundamental data silo barrier via graph-based transfer learning. Leveraging 380,190 structurally paired PBE-r2SCAN entries from the MatPES database, we train a structure-aware graph neural network to predict cross-functional energy residuals and align inconsistent DFT energy scales. By adopting GPTFF model architecture, the model converts conventional PBE energies to r2SCAN-level accuracy with a mean absolute error of 14.3 meV/atom, compared with 18.2 meV/atom achieved by CHGNet. This versatile approach effectively upgrades massive legacy PBE datasets to high-precision r2SCAN standards. It enables reliable predictions of phase stability, battery voltage profiles, and reaction thermodynamics, while allowing the integration of multi-source DFT data to advance the development of high-performance materials foundation models. △ Less

Submitted 27 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Graph Neural Network Force Fields (GPTFF-mol) for Organic Molecules from Optimization Trajectories (OpenGEM26)

Authors: Yifan Huang, Fankai Xie, Jiangnan Zheng, Tenglong Lu, Sheng Meng, Miao Liu

Abstract: Density functional theory (DFT) serves as a reliable tool for atomistic molecular simulations, while machine learning potentials have become powerful complements to balance accuracy and efficiency. In this work, we release OpenGEM26 (Open Generated Ensemble of Molecules, 2026), a large-scale dataset comprising 200,000 unique molecules and 4.4 million conformations composed of H, C, N, O, S and Cl… ▽ More Density functional theory (DFT) serves as a reliable tool for atomistic molecular simulations, while machine learning potentials have become powerful complements to balance accuracy and efficiency. In this work, we release OpenGEM26 (Open Generated Ensemble of Molecules, 2026), a large-scale dataset comprising 200,000 unique molecules and 4.4 million conformations composed of H, C, N, O, S and Cl with up to ten heavy atoms. All calculations are carried out at the ωB97X-D/Def2-SVP and Def2-TZVP levels with dispersion corrections, and complete structural optimization trajectories and abundant non-equilibrium structures are recorded. Statistical analyses confirm that this dataset covers a broader conformational space than QM9 in terms of energy, bond lengths and bond angles. A graph neural network-based potential GPTFF-mol is trained using the new dataset, achieving an energy mean absolute error of 16 meV/molecule, which is equivalent to 0.82meV/atom, and superior force prediction performance compared with ANI-2x. Validated by butane rotation and keto-enol tautomerization tests, the model accurately describes molecular dynamical behaviors and reaction barriers at distorted geometries. This work provides a high-quality resource and robust ML potential for efficient simulations of sulfur- and chlorine-containing organic molecules. △ Less

Submitted 23 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Are Machine Learning Interatomic Potentials Truly Practical? A Benchmark of 23 Mainstream Models

Authors: Hanwen Kang, Tenglong Lu, Sheng Meng, Miao Liu

Abstract: Most MLIP benchmarks reward static accuracy while ignoring inference efficiency and hardware scalability -- driving model bloat with unclear real-world value. We benchmark 23 mainstream open-source MLIPs on a low-cost NVIDIA DGX Spark (128 GB native memory, capped at 80 GB to mimic ordinary lab hardware), using a fixed 192-atom system under a unified ASE-based pipeline. We evaluate three dimension… ▽ More Most MLIP benchmarks reward static accuracy while ignoring inference efficiency and hardware scalability -- driving model bloat with unclear real-world value. We benchmark 23 mainstream open-source MLIPs on a low-cost NVIDIA DGX Spark (128 GB native memory, capped at 80 GB to mimic ordinary lab hardware), using a fixed 192-atom system under a unified ASE-based pipeline. We evaluate three dimensions: predictive accuracy, MD simulation throughput, and atomic scalability. Our results expose a sharp accuracy-efficiency trade-off: large SOTA models deliver only 3-5 meV/atom more accuracy than lightweight ones, but lose orders of magnitude in throughput -- in the worst case, becoming only marginally faster than DFT itself. Lightweight MLIPs, by contrast, sit on the Pareto frontier and run on modest hardware. The lesson is that single-dimensional benchmarks mislead the field, and that future MLIP development should value efficiency and scalability alongside accuracy. △ Less

Submitted 8 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

A practical methodology for $Λ$ global polarization extraction in fixed-target experiments

Authors: Tan Lu, Chengdong Han, Chenlu Hu, Xionghong He, Diyu Shen, Subhash Singha, Shusu Shi, Xing Wu, Guannan Xie, Yapeng Zhang

Abstract: Non-central heavy-ion collisions generate large orbital angular momentum in the created medium, which leads to polarization of final-state particles via spin-orbit coupling, known as global spin polarization. The observation of significant global polarization of $Λ$ hyperon in heavy-ion collisions indicates that the quark-gluon plasma is the most vortical fluid known in nature. Exploring $Λ$ globa… ▽ More Non-central heavy-ion collisions generate large orbital angular momentum in the created medium, which leads to polarization of final-state particles via spin-orbit coupling, known as global spin polarization. The observation of significant global polarization of $Λ$ hyperon in heavy-ion collisions indicates that the quark-gluon plasma is the most vortical fluid known in nature. Exploring $Λ$ global polarization at lower energies is important for understanding spin dynamics across different regions of the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram. Low-energy nuclear experiments are typically conducted with asymmetric detector acceptance, as in fixed-target collisions at RHIC-STAR, and at facilities such as FAIR, NICA, HIAF and HIRFL-CSR. The asymmetric rapidity coverage in these experiments enhances the coupling between directed flow and detector inefficiencies, creating significant bias in $Λ$ global polarization measurements. In this paper, we propose a methodology to eliminate such bias arising from asymmetric detector acceptance. The method is validated using realistic detector simulations based on the STAR fixed-target configuration. △ Less

Submitted 3 June, 2026; originally announced June 2026.

Bound states of solitons in fiber lasers

Authors: Yudong Cui, Tianchang Lu, Yusheng Zhang, Dong Mao, Boris A. Malomed

Abstract: This article presents a systematic review of theoretical and experimental findings for bound states of two and several dissipative solitons in fiber lasers. The theoretical basis underlying the formation and stabilization of soliton molecules in the fibers, which is provided by the complex Ginzburg-Landau equations and bound states of such equations, is presented in necessary detail, which is foll… ▽ More This article presents a systematic review of theoretical and experimental findings for bound states of two and several dissipative solitons in fiber lasers. The theoretical basis underlying the formation and stabilization of soliton molecules in the fibers, which is provided by the complex Ginzburg-Landau equations and bound states of such equations, is presented in necessary detail, which is followed by a detailed presentation of experimental findings, including very recent ones. In particular, included are the results for the multi-soliton bound states in the fibers, as well as for the bound states in the temporal and frequency domains, single-component (scalar) and two-component (vector), two- and multi-soliton modes, as well as for bound states of spatiotemporal dissipative solitons in the lasers based on multimode fibers. △ Less

Submitted 30 April, 2026; originally announced April 2026.

Comments: to be published in Physics Reports

Molecular-optomechanical phonon laser

Authors: Bin Yin, Jie Wang, Qian Zhang, Deng Wang, Tian-Xiang Lu, Hui Jing

Abstract: Molecular cavity optomechanics (COM) leverages ultrastrong interactions between confined optical fields and high-frequency molecular vibration, providing a unique platform for exploring high-frequency phonon dynamics. In this work, we theoretically propose the use of a hybrid molecular COM system for realizing an ultra-low-threshold mid-infrared (MIR) phonon laser. Despite an optical quality facto… ▽ More Molecular cavity optomechanics (COM) leverages ultrastrong interactions between confined optical fields and high-frequency molecular vibration, providing a unique platform for exploring high-frequency phonon dynamics. In this work, we theoretically propose the use of a hybrid molecular COM system for realizing an ultra-low-threshold mid-infrared (MIR) phonon laser. Despite an optical quality factor of only $Q_a=100$, an ultra-low threshold power of $\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{th}} = 17.5~\mathrm{nW}$ is achieved, enabled by giant single-photon optomechanical coupling and molecular collective effect. Moreover, the mechanical gain and threshold power can be further tuned by adjusting the distance between mirrors of the Fabry-Pérot cavity. Our findings establish the first direct connection between molecular COM and MIR phonon lasers, with potential applications in MIR acoustics and biomedical imaging. △ Less

Submitted 26 April, 2026; originally announced April 2026.

Comments: 11 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables

Journal ref: Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2026; 0:e71191

Robust photon blockade with hybrid molecular optomechanics

Authors: Jian Tang, Baijun Li, Bin Yin, Tian-Xiang Lu, Ran Huang, Franco Nori, Hui Jing

Abstract: Molecular cavity optomechanical systems, featuring ultrahigh vibrational frequencies and strong light-matter interactions, hold significant promise for advancing applications in quantum science and technology. Specifically, by introducing metallic nanoparticles into microcavities, hybrid molecular cavity optomechanical systems can further enhance optical quality factors and system tunabilities, wh… ▽ More Molecular cavity optomechanical systems, featuring ultrahigh vibrational frequencies and strong light-matter interactions, hold significant promise for advancing applications in quantum science and technology. Specifically, by introducing metallic nanoparticles into microcavities, hybrid molecular cavity optomechanical systems can further enhance optical quality factors and system tunabilities, which enables scalable and controllable quantum platforms. In this study, we propose how to realize robust photon blockade, i.e., strong photon antibunching with arbitrary detuning conditions, by combining degenerate optical parametric amplification with a hybrid molecular cavity optomechanical system. More interesting, we find near-perfect optomechanical photon blockade at room temperature, which is robust against temperature and optical dissipation. In addition, our approach can release the strict condition of high temporal resolution by combining features of conventional and unconventional photon blockade. Our approach offers a feasible route to study intriguing quantum effects in hybrid molecular cavity optomechanical systems, and holds promise for applications in nonclassical state engineering, quantum sensing, and photonic precision measurements. △ Less

Submitted 24 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Comments: 26 pages, 4 figures

FastTrack: a fast method to evaluate mass transport in solid leveraging universal machine learning interatomic potential

Authors: Hanwen Kang, Tenglong Lu, Zhanbin Qi, Jiandong Guo, Sheng Meng, Miao Liu

Abstract: We introduce a rapid, accurate framework for computing atomic migration barriers in crystals by combining universal machine learning force fields (MLFFs) with 3D potential energy surface sampling and interpolation. Our method suppresses periodic self interactions via supercell expansion, builds a continuous PES from MLFF energies on a spatial grid, and extracts minimum energy pathways without pred… ▽ More We introduce a rapid, accurate framework for computing atomic migration barriers in crystals by combining universal machine learning force fields (MLFFs) with 3D potential energy surface sampling and interpolation. Our method suppresses periodic self interactions via supercell expansion, builds a continuous PES from MLFF energies on a spatial grid, and extracts minimum energy pathways without predefined NEB images. Across twelve benchmark electrode and electrolyte materials including LiCoO2, LiFePO4, and LGPS our MLFF-derived barriers lie within tens of meV of DFT and experiment, while achieving ~10^2 x speedups over DFT-NEB. We benchmark GPTFF, CHGNet, and MACE, show that fine-tuning on PBE/PBE+U data further enhances accuracy, and provide an open-source package for high-throughput materials screening and interactive PES visualization. △ Less

Submitted 14 August, 2025; originally announced August 2025.

Journal ref: AI Sci. 1 015004 (2025)

Cryogenic scanning photocurrent spectroscopy for materials responses to structured optical fields

Authors: Duxing Hao, Chun-I Lu, Ziqi Sun, Yu-Chen Chang, Wen-Hao Chang, Ye-Ru Chen, Akiyoshi Park, Beining Rao, Siyuan Qiu, Yann-Wen Lan, Ting-Hua Lu, Nai-Chang Yeh

Abstract: Circular dichroism spectroscopy is known to provide important insights into the interplay of different degrees of freedom in quantum materials, and yet spectroscopic study of the optoelectronic responses of quantum materials to structured optical fields, such as light with finite spin and orbital angular momentum, has not yet been widely explored, particularly at cryogenic temperature. Here we dem… ▽ More Circular dichroism spectroscopy is known to provide important insights into the interplay of different degrees of freedom in quantum materials, and yet spectroscopic study of the optoelectronic responses of quantum materials to structured optical fields, such as light with finite spin and orbital angular momentum, has not yet been widely explored, particularly at cryogenic temperature. Here we demonstrate the design and application of a novel instrument that integrates scanning spectroscopic photocurrent measurements with structured light of controlled spin and orbital angular momentum. For structured photons with wavelengths between 500 nm to 700 nm, this instrument can perform spatially resolved photocurrent measurements of two-dimensional materials or thin crystals under magnetic fields up to $\pm$ 14 Tesla, at temperatures from 300 K down to 3 K, with either spin angular momentum $\pm \hbar$ ororbital angular momentum $\pm \ell \hbar$ (where $\ell$=1,2,3... is the topological charge), and over a (35 $\times$ 25) $μm^2$ area with ~ 1 $μm$ spatial resolution. These capabilities of the instrument are exemplified by magneto-photocurrent spectroscopic measurements of monolayer 2H-$MoS_2$ field-effect transistors, which not only reveal the excitonic spectra but also demonstrate monotonically increasing photocurrents with increasing |$\ell $| as well as excitonic Zeeman splitting and an enhanced Landé g-factor due to the enhanced formation of intervalley dark excitons under magnetic field. These studies thus demonstrate the versatility of the scanning photocurrent spectrometry for investigating excitonic physics, optical selection rules, and optoelectronic responses of novel quantum materials and engineered quantum devices to structured light. △ Less

Submitted 30 May, 2025; originally announced May 2025.

Direct integration of atomic precision advanced manufacturing into middle-of-line silicon fabrication

Authors: E. M. Anderson, C. R. Allemang, A. J. Leenheer, S. W. Schmucker, J. A. Ivie, D. M. Campbell, W. Lepkowski, X. Gao, P. Lu, C. Arose, T. -M. Lu, C. Halsey, T. D. England, D. R. Ward, D. A. Scrymgeour, S. Misra

Abstract: Atomic precision advanced manufacturing (APAM) dopes silicon with enough carriers to change its electronic structure and can be used to create novel devices by defining metallic regions whose boundaries have single-atom abruptness. Incompatibility with the thermal and lithography process requirements for gated silicon transistor manufacturing have inhibited exploration of both how APAM can enhance… ▽ More Atomic precision advanced manufacturing (APAM) dopes silicon with enough carriers to change its electronic structure and can be used to create novel devices by defining metallic regions whose boundaries have single-atom abruptness. Incompatibility with the thermal and lithography process requirements for gated silicon transistor manufacturing have inhibited exploration of both how APAM can enhance CMOS performance and how transistor manufacturing steps can accelerate the discovery of new APAM device concepts. In this work, we introduce an APAM process that enables direct integration into the middle of a transistor manufacturing workflow. We show that a process that combines sputtering and annealing with a hardmask preserves a defining characteristic of APAM, a doping density far in excess of the solid solubility limit, while trading another, the atomic precision, for compatibility with manufacturing. The electrical characteristics of a chip combining a transistor with an APAM resistor show that the APAM module has only affected the transistor through the addition of a resistance and not by altering the transistor. This proof-of-concept demonstration also outlines the requirements and limitations of a unified APAM tool, which could be introduced into manufacturing environments, greatly expanding access to this technology and inspiring a new generation of devices with it. △ Less

Submitted 15 October, 2025; v1 submitted 6 May, 2025; originally announced May 2025.

Comments: This article has been published by Applied Physics Reviews at https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apr/article/12/4/041402/3366930/Direct-integration-of-atomic-precision-advanced as part of Special Collection: Advances on Manufacturing and Next-generation Devices Towards CHIPS Act https://pubs.aip.org/apr/collection/433328/Advances-on-Manufacturing-and-Next-generation. Copyright 2025 Authors

Report number: SAND2025-05438O, SAND2025-13135J

Journal ref: Applied Physics Reviews, 12, 041402 (2025)

Molecular optomechanically-induced transparency

Authors: Bin Yin, Jie Wang, Mei-Yu Peng, Qian Zhang, Deng Wang, Tian-Xiang Lu, Ke Wei, Hui Jing

Abstract: Molecular cavity optomechanics (COM), characterized by remarkably efficient optomechanical coupling enabled by a highly localized light field and ultra-small effective mode volume, holds significant promise for advancing applications in quantum science and technology. Here, we study optomechanically induced transparency and the associated group delay in a hybrid molecular COM system. We find that… ▽ More Molecular cavity optomechanics (COM), characterized by remarkably efficient optomechanical coupling enabled by a highly localized light field and ultra-small effective mode volume, holds significant promise for advancing applications in quantum science and technology. Here, we study optomechanically induced transparency and the associated group delay in a hybrid molecular COM system. We find that even with an extremely low optical quality factor, an obvious transparency window can appear, which is otherwise unattainable in a conventional COM system. Furthermore, by varying the ports of the probe light, the optomechanically induced transparency or absorption can be achieved, along with corresponding slowing or advancing of optical signals. These results indicate that our scheme provides a new method for adjusting the storage and retrieval of optical signals in such a molecular COM device. △ Less

Submitted 7 February, 2025; originally announced February 2025.

Comments: 12 pages, 6 figures

Roadmap on Atomic-scale Semiconductor Devices

Authors: Steven R. Schofield, Andrew J. Fisher, Eran Ginossar, Joseph W. Lyding, Richard Silver, Fan Fei, Pradeep Namboodiri, Jonathan Wyrick, M. G. Masteghin, D. C. Cox, B. N. Murdin, S. K Clowes, Joris G. Keizer, Michelle Y. Simmons, Holly G. Stemp, Andrea Morello, Benoit Voisin, Sven Rogge, Robert A. Wolkow, Lucian Livadaru, Jason Pitters, Taylor J. Z. Stock, Neil J. Curson, Robert E. Butera, Tatiana V. Pavlova , et al. (25 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Spin states in semiconductors provide exceptionally stable and noise-resistant environments for qubits, positioning them as optimal candidates for reliable quantum computing technologies. The proposal to use nuclear and electronic spins of donor atoms in silicon, introduced by Kane in 1998, sparked a new research field focused on the precise positioning of individual impurity atoms for quantum dev… ▽ More Spin states in semiconductors provide exceptionally stable and noise-resistant environments for qubits, positioning them as optimal candidates for reliable quantum computing technologies. The proposal to use nuclear and electronic spins of donor atoms in silicon, introduced by Kane in 1998, sparked a new research field focused on the precise positioning of individual impurity atoms for quantum devices, utilising scanning tunnelling microscopy and ion implantation. This roadmap article reviews the advancements in the 25 years since Kane's proposal, the current challenges, and the future directions in atomic-scale semiconductor device fabrication and measurement. It covers the quest to create a silicon-based quantum computer and expands to include diverse material systems and fabrication techniques, highlighting the potential for a broad range of semiconductor quantum technological applications. Key developments include phosphorus in silicon devices such as single-atom transistors, arrayed few-donor devices, one- and two-qubit gates, three-dimensional architectures, and the development of a toolbox for future quantum integrated circuits. The roadmap also explores new impurity species like arsenic and antimony for enhanced scalability and higher-dimensional spin systems, new chemistry for dopant precursors and lithographic resists, and the potential for germanium-based devices. Emerging methods, such as photon-based lithography and electron beam manipulation, are discussed for their disruptive potential. This roadmap charts the path toward scalable quantum computing and advanced semiconductor quantum technologies, emphasising the critical intersections of experiment, technological development, and theory. △ Less

Submitted 22 January, 2025; v1 submitted 8 January, 2025; originally announced January 2025.

Comments: 94 pages

Journal ref: Nano Futures 9 012001 (2025)

Sub-Doppler cooling, state preparation, and optical trapping of a triel atom

Authors: Putian Li, Xianquan Yu, Seth Hew Peng Chew, Jinchao Mo, Tiangao Lu, Travis L. Nicholson

Abstract: Ultracold gases of atoms from Main Group III (Group 13) of the Periodic Table, also known as "triel elements," have great potential for a new generation of quantum matter experiments. The first magneto-optical trap of a triel element (indium) was recently realized, but more progress is needed before a triel is ready for modern ultracold quantum science experiments in optical traps. Reaching this r… ▽ More Ultracold gases of atoms from Main Group III (Group 13) of the Periodic Table, also known as "triel elements," have great potential for a new generation of quantum matter experiments. The first magneto-optical trap of a triel element (indium) was recently realized, but more progress is needed before a triel is ready for modern ultracold quantum science experiments in optical traps. Reaching this regime typically requires atoms that are cooled to the 10 uK level or below, prepared in pure quantum states, and confined in a laser field. Here we report the achievement of all three of these milestones in atomic indium. First, we perform polarization gradient cooling of an indium gas to 15 uK. Second, we spin polarize the gas into a single hyperfine sublevel of either the $5P_{1/2}$ indium ground state or the $5P_{3/2}$ metastable state. Third, we trap indium in a 1064 nm optical lattice, achieving a 3 s trap lifetime. With these results, indium is now a candidate for a next generation quantum research platform. △ Less

Submitted 11 November, 2025; v1 submitted 17 December, 2024; originally announced December 2024.

Comments: 8 pages, 6 figures. Includes supplemental material with 16 pages and 14 figures

Journal ref: PRX Quantum 6, 040328 (2025)

Contact-interference Hybrid lithography: Toward Scalable Fabrication of cross-scale periodic micro structure and demonstration on infrared micro polarizer array

Authors: Tianshi Lu, Fuyuan Deng, Yufeng Wei, Zhipeng Zeng, Xinghui Li

Abstract: Subwavelength grating micro-polarizer arrays, as a type of focal plane division simultaneous detection method, are significantly advancing the development and practical application of polarization imaging technology. Based on the cross-scale, dual-period characteristics of the grating array, this paper proposes a fabrication method that combines laser interference lithography with contact lithogra… ▽ More Subwavelength grating micro-polarizer arrays, as a type of focal plane division simultaneous detection method, are significantly advancing the development and practical application of polarization imaging technology. Based on the cross-scale, dual-period characteristics of the grating array, this paper proposes a fabrication method that combines laser interference lithography with contact lithography. This method constructs a complete single-layer micro-polarizer array photoresist pattern through a four-step lithography process. Compared to traditional point-by-point fabrication methods like EBL and FIB, the patterning time is reduced by 3 to 4 orders of magnitude. Additionally, by introducing a refractive index matching liquid and an alignment method based on substrate contours, the effects of gaps and splicing errors are minimized, resulting in high-quality photoresist patterns with splicing errors less than 1μm. Finally, a double-layer metal grating structure was obtained through pattern transfer. Performance tests show that the micro-polarizer array achieves a maximum transmittance of over 50% and an extinction ratio exceeding 15dB in the 3-15μm wavelength range. This exploration offers a low-cost, high-efficiency path for fabricating micro-polarizer arrays. △ Less

Submitted 16 October, 2024; originally announced October 2024.

Comments: 23 pages, 13figures

One-dimensional spin-flipping topological edge state laser

Authors: Jhih-Sheng Wu, Zhen-Ting Huang, Meng-Ting Han, Yen-Hsun Chen, Tien-Chang Lu

Abstract: Topological edge states manifest spin-momentum-locking propagation as a primary consequence of topological crystals. However, experimental studies on spin manipulation and the resulting propagation of these states are lacking. Here, we demonstrate experimentally spin manipulation of topological edge states by the boundary conditions of the one-dimensional path. Armchair boundaries at the endpoints… ▽ More Topological edge states manifest spin-momentum-locking propagation as a primary consequence of topological crystals. However, experimental studies on spin manipulation and the resulting propagation of these states are lacking. Here, we demonstrate experimentally spin manipulation of topological edge states by the boundary conditions of the one-dimensional path. Armchair boundaries at the endpoints of the path induce spin-flipping back-scattering, resulting in a novel one-dimensional resonance -- traveling resonance. Remarkably, we demonstrate lasing of this one-dimensional traveling resonance. Our findings hold significant potential for practical applications in spin manipulation of light. △ Less

Submitted 9 August, 2024; originally announced August 2024.

Comments: 9 pages, 6 figures

TRACE: a code for Time-Reversible Astrophysical Close Encounters

Authors: Tiger Lu, David M. Hernandez, Hanno Rein

Abstract: We present TRACE, an almost time-reversible hybrid integrator for the planetary N-body problem. Like hybrid symplectic integrators, TRACE can resolve close encounters between particles while retaining many of the accuracy and speed advantages of a fixed time-step symplectic method such the Wisdom-Holman map. TRACE switches methods time-reversibly during close encounters following the prescription… ▽ More We present TRACE, an almost time-reversible hybrid integrator for the planetary N-body problem. Like hybrid symplectic integrators, TRACE can resolve close encounters between particles while retaining many of the accuracy and speed advantages of a fixed time-step symplectic method such the Wisdom-Holman map. TRACE switches methods time-reversibly during close encounters following the prescription of Hernandez & Dehnen. In this paper we describe the derivation and implementation of TRACE and study its performance for a variety of astrophysical systems. In all our test cases, TRACE is at least as accurate and fast as the hybrid symplectic integrator MERCURIUS. In many cases, TRACE's performance is vastly superior to that of MERCURIUS. In test cases with planet-planet close encounters, TRACE is as accurate as MECURIUS with a 12x speed-up. If close encounters with the central star are considered, TRACE achieves good error performance while MERCURIUS fails to give qualitatively correct results. In ensemble tests of violent scattering systems, TRACE matches the high-accuracy IAS15 while providing a 15x speed-up. In large N systems simulating lunar accretion, TRACE qualitatively gives the same results as IAS15 but at a 41x speed-up. We also discuss some cases such as von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai cycles where hybrid integrators perform poorly and provide some guidance on which integrator to use for which system. TRACE is freely available within the REBOUND package. △ Less

Submitted 8 October, 2024; v1 submitted 6 May, 2024; originally announced May 2024.

Comments: Published in MNRAS. Minor changes

Journal ref: MNRAS 533 (2024) 3708-3723

Quantum Weak Force Sensing with Squeezed Magnomechanics

Authors: Qian Zhang, Jie Wang, Tian-Xiang Lu, Franco Nori, Hui Jing

Abstract: Cavity magnomechanics, exhibiting remarkable experimental tunability, rich magnonic nonlinearities, and compatibility with various quantum systems, has witnessed considerable advances in recent years. However, the potential benefits of using cavity magnomechanical (CMM) systems in further improving the performance of quantum-enhanced sensing for weak forces remain largely unexplored. Here we show… ▽ More Cavity magnomechanics, exhibiting remarkable experimental tunability, rich magnonic nonlinearities, and compatibility with various quantum systems, has witnessed considerable advances in recent years. However, the potential benefits of using cavity magnomechanical (CMM) systems in further improving the performance of quantum-enhanced sensing for weak forces remain largely unexplored. Here we show that the performance of a quantum CMM sensor can be significantly enhanced beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL), by squeezing the magnons. We find that, for comparable parameters, two orders of enhancement in force sensitivity can be achieved in comparison with the case without the magnon squeezing. Moreover, we show optimal parameter regimes of homodyne angle for minimizing added quantum noise. Our findings provide a promising approach for highly tunable and compatible quantum force sensing using hybrid CMM devices, with potential applications ranging from quantum precision measurements to quantum information processing. △ Less

Submitted 31 March, 2024; originally announced April 2024.

Emerging Researchers in Exoplanetary Science (ERES): Lessons Learned in Conference Organization for Early-Career Researchers

Authors: W. Garrett Levine, Konstantin Gerbig, Emma M. Louden, Tiger Lu, Cheng-Han Hsieh, Christopher O'Connor, Rixin Li, Jiayin Dong

Abstract: Since 2015, the Emerging Researchers in Exoplanetary Science (ERES) conference has provided a venue for early-career researchers in exoplanetary astronomy, astrophysics, and planetary science to share their research, network, and build new collaborations. ERES stands out in that it is spearheaded by early-career researchers, providing a unique attendance experience for the participants and a profe… ▽ More Since 2015, the Emerging Researchers in Exoplanetary Science (ERES) conference has provided a venue for early-career researchers in exoplanetary astronomy, astrophysics, and planetary science to share their research, network, and build new collaborations. ERES stands out in that it is spearheaded by early-career researchers, providing a unique attendance experience for the participants and a professional experience for the organizers. In this Bulletin, we share experiences and lessons learned from the perspective of the organizing committee for the 2023 edition of ERES. For this eighth ERES conference, we hosted over 100 participants in New Haven, CT, for a three-day program. This manuscript is aimed primarily toward groups of early-career scientists who are planning a conference for their fields of study. We anticipate that this Bulletin will continue dialogue within the academic community about best practices for equitable event organization. △ Less

Submitted 24 January, 2024; originally announced January 2024.

Comments: To appear in the Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society (see DOI); 13 pages, 6 figures

Multi-color nonreciprocal optical amplifier with spinning active optomechanics

Authors: Ru-Ting Sun, Mei-Yu Peng, Tian-Xiang Lu, Ya-Feng Jiao, Jie Wang, Qian Zhang, Hui Jing

Abstract: We propose to achieve a multi-color nonreciprocal optical amplifier, a crucial device in optical communication and information processing, by spinning an active resonator. We show that in such a device, due to the interplay of the Sagnac effect and the optical gain, nonreciprocal signal {amplification} can be realized, accompanied by a giant enhancement of optical group delay from… ▽ More We propose to achieve a multi-color nonreciprocal optical amplifier, a crucial device in optical communication and information processing, by spinning an active resonator. We show that in such a device, due to the interplay of the Sagnac effect and the optical gain, nonreciprocal signal {amplification} can be realized, accompanied by a giant enhancement of optical group delay from $0.3\;\mathrm{ms}$ to $35\;\mathrm{ms}$ in a chosen direction, which is otherwise unattainable in a passive device. Also, coherent amplification of higher-order optical sidebands and a slow-to-fast light switch can be achieved by tuning both the pump power and the spinning velocity. Our work provides a unique and accessible way, well-compatible with other existing techniques, to realize multi-color nonreciprocal optical amplifiers for more flexible control of optical fields. △ Less

Submitted 19 December, 2023; originally announced December 2023.

Comments: 8pages, 4 figures

Quantum squeezing induced nonreciprocal phonon laser

Authors: Tian-Xiang Lu, Yan Wang, Keyu Xia, Xing Xiao, Le-Man Kuang, Hui Jing

Abstract: Phonon lasers or coherent amplifications of mechanical oscillations have provided powerful tools for both fundamental studies of coherent acoustics and diverse applications ranging from ultrasensitive force sensing to phononic information processing. Here, we propose how to achieve directional phonon lasing with an optomechanical resonator coupled to a nonlinear optical resonator. We find that, by… ▽ More Phonon lasers or coherent amplifications of mechanical oscillations have provided powerful tools for both fundamental studies of coherent acoustics and diverse applications ranging from ultrasensitive force sensing to phononic information processing. Here, we propose how to achieve directional phonon lasing with an optomechanical resonator coupled to a nonlinear optical resonator. We find that, by pumping the nonlinear resonator, directional optical squeezing can occur along the pump direction. As a result, we can achieve the directional mechanical gain by utilizing the directional optical squeezing, thus leading to nonreciprocal phonon lasing with a well-tunable directional power threshold. Our work shows a feasible way to build nonreciprocal phonon lasers with various nonlinear optical mediums, which are important for such a wide range of applications as directional acoustic amplifiers, invisible sound sensing or imaging, and one-way phononic networks. △ Less

Submitted 11 December, 2023; originally announced December 2023.

Comments: 11 pages, 4 figures

Weberite Na$_2$MM'F$_7$ (M,M'=Redox-Active Metal) as Promising Fluoride-Based Sodium-Ion Battery Cathodes

Authors: Tenglong Lu, Sheng Meng, Miao Liu

Abstract: Sodium-ion batteries are a viable alternative to lithium-ion technology due to the plentiful sodium resources. However, certain commercialization challenges, such as low specific energies and poor cycling performance of current Na-ion cathodes, still need to be addressed. To overcome these hurdles, this study explored the potential of a novel class of fluoride-based materials, specifically trigona… ▽ More Sodium-ion batteries are a viable alternative to lithium-ion technology due to the plentiful sodium resources. However, certain commercialization challenges, such as low specific energies and poor cycling performance of current Na-ion cathodes, still need to be addressed. To overcome these hurdles, this study explored the potential of a novel class of fluoride-based materials, specifically trigonal-type Na$_2$MM'F$_7$ (M and M' are redox-active metals) belonging to the weberite-type compounds, as promising candidates for Na-ion cathodes. Through a comprehensive assessment utilizing ab initio calculations, twelve prospective compounds were identified, demonstrating high thermodynamic stability, large gravimetric capacities (>170 mAh/g), and low net Na-ion migration barriers (<600 meV). Significantly, ten out of the twelve screened compounds exhibit high specific energies exceeding 580 Wh/kg (approximately equals to the specific energy of LiFePO$_4$), indicating their exceptional electrochemical performance. This study will pave the way for further advancements in fluoride-based electrode materials. △ Less

Submitted 6 October, 2023; originally announced October 2023.

Journal ref: J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024,12, 14709

Fabrication of thin diamond membranes by Ne$^+$ implantation

Authors: Luca Basso, Michael Titze, Jacob Henshaw, Pauli Kehayias, Rong Cong, Maziar Saleh Ziabari, Tzu-Ming Lu, Michael P. Lilly, Andrew M. Mounce

Abstract: Color centers in diamond are one of the most promising tools for quantum information science. Of particular interest is the use of single-crystal diamond membranes with nanoscale-thickness as hosts for color centers. Indeed, such structures guarantee a better integration with a variety of other quantum materials or devices, which can aid the development of diamond-based quantum technologies, from… ▽ More Color centers in diamond are one of the most promising tools for quantum information science. Of particular interest is the use of single-crystal diamond membranes with nanoscale-thickness as hosts for color centers. Indeed, such structures guarantee a better integration with a variety of other quantum materials or devices, which can aid the development of diamond-based quantum technologies, from nanophotonics to quantum sensing. A common approach for membrane production is what is known as "smart-cut", a process where membranes are exfoliated from a diamond substrate after the creation of a thin sub-surface amorphous carbon layer by He$^+$ implantation. Due to the high ion fluence required, this process can be time-consuming. In this work, we demonstrated the production of thin diamond membranes by neon implantation of diamond substrates. With the target of obtaining membranes of $\sim$ 200 nm thickness and finding the critical damage threshold, we implanted different diamonds with 300 keV Ne$^+$ ions at different fluences. We characterized the structural properties of the implanted diamonds and the resulting membranes through SEM, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. We also found that a SRIM model based on a two-layer diamond/sp$^2$-carbon target better describes ion implantation, allowing us to estimate the diamond critical damage threshold for Ne$^+$ implantation. Compared to He$^+$ smart-cut, the use of a heavier ion like Ne$^+$ results in a ten-fold decrease in the ion fluence required to obtain diamond membranes and allows to obtain shallower smart-cuts, i.e. thinner membranes, at the same ion energy. △ Less

Submitted 30 May, 2023; originally announced May 2023.

Multi-mode Perturbation Modelling for Cavity Polygon and Star Modes

Authors: Saeed Farajollahi, Zhiwei Fang, Jintian Lin, Shahin Honari, Ya Cheng, Tao Lu

Abstract: Polygon and star modes enable unidirectional emission and single-frequency lasing in whispering gallery microcavities. To understand their properties and facilitate design, we have adopted both two-dimensional and three-dimensional full-wave perturbation methods to simulate these modes. Our simulation demonstrates that a tapered optical fiber can be used as a weak perturbation to coherently combin… ▽ More Polygon and star modes enable unidirectional emission and single-frequency lasing in whispering gallery microcavities. To understand their properties and facilitate design, we have adopted both two-dimensional and three-dimensional full-wave perturbation methods to simulate these modes. Our simulation demonstrates that a tapered optical fiber can be used as a weak perturbation to coherently combine multiple whispering gallery modes into a polygon or star mode. Additionally, our simulation predicts an optical quality factor as high as $10^7$ for the polygon modes, which is in good agreement with the experiment results. △ Less

Submitted 9 May, 2023; originally announced May 2023.

Landauer-QFLPS model for mixed Schottky-Ohmic contact two-dimensional transistors

Authors: Zhao-Yi Yan, Zhan Hou, Kan-Hao Xue, Tian Lu, Ruiting Zhao, Junying Xue, Fan Wu, Minghao Shao, Jianlan Yan, Anzhi Yan, Zhenze Wang, Penghui Shen, Mingyue Zhao, Xiangshui Miao, Zhaoyang Lin, Houfang Liu, He Tian, Yi Yang, Tian-Ling Ren

Abstract: Two-dimensional material-based field effect transistors (2DM-FETs) are playing a revolutionary role in electronic devices. However, after years of development, no device model can match the Pao-Sah model for standard silicon-based transistors in terms of physical accuracy and computational efficiency to support large-scale integrated circuit design. One remaining critical obstacle is the contacts… ▽ More Two-dimensional material-based field effect transistors (2DM-FETs) are playing a revolutionary role in electronic devices. However, after years of development, no device model can match the Pao-Sah model for standard silicon-based transistors in terms of physical accuracy and computational efficiency to support large-scale integrated circuit design. One remaining critical obstacle is the contacts of 2DM-FETs. In order to self-consistently include the contact effect in the current model, it is necessary to perform self-consistent calculations, which is a fatal flaw for applications that prioritize efficiency. Here, we report that the Landauer-QFLPS model effectively overcomes the above contradiction, where QFLPS means quasi-Fermi-level phase space theory. By connecting the physical pictures of the contact and the intrinsic channel part, we have successfully derived a drain-source current formula including the contact effect. To verify the model, we prepared transistors based on two typical 2DMs, black phosphorus (BP) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), the former having ambipolar transport and the latter showing electron-dominant unipolar transport. The proposed new formula could describe both 2DM-FETs with Schottky or Ohmic contacts. Moreover, compared with traditional methods, the proposed model has the advantages of accuracy and efficiency, especially in describing non-monotonic drain conductance characteristics, because the contact effect is self-consistently and compactly packaged as an exponential term. More importantly, we also examined the model at the circuit level. Here, we fabricated a three-bit threshold inverter quantizer circuit based on ambipolar-BP process and experimentally demonstrated that the model can accurately predict the circuit performance. This industry-benign 2DM-FET model is supposed to be very useful for the development of 2DM-FET-based integrated circuits. △ Less

Submitted 20 March, 2023; originally announced March 2023.

Self-Consistent Spin, Tidal and Dynamical Equations of Motion in the REBOUNDx Framework

Authors: Tiger Lu, Hanno Rein, Daniel Tamayo, Sam Hadden, Rosemary Mardling, Sarah C. Millholland, Gregory Laughlin

Abstract: We have introduced self-consistent spin, tidal and dynamical equations of motion into REBOUNDx, a library of additional effects for the popular N-body integrator REBOUND. The equations of motion used are derived from the constant time lag approximation to the equilibrium tide model of tidal friction. These effects will allow the study of a variety of systems where the full dynamical picture cannot… ▽ More We have introduced self-consistent spin, tidal and dynamical equations of motion into REBOUNDx, a library of additional effects for the popular N-body integrator REBOUND. The equations of motion used are derived from the constant time lag approximation to the equilibrium tide model of tidal friction. These effects will allow the study of a variety of systems where the full dynamical picture cannot be encapsulated by point particle dynamics. We provide several test cases and benchmark the code's performance against analytic predictions. The open-source code is available in the most recent release of REBOUNDx. △ Less

Submitted 28 February, 2023; originally announced March 2023.

Comments: Accepted to ApJ. 15 pages, 6 figures

Nonreciprocal slow or fast light in anti-$\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric optomechanics

Authors: Meiyu Peng, Huilai Zhang, Qian Zhang, Tian-Xiang Lu, Imran M. Mirza, Hui Jing

Abstract: Non-Hermitian systems with anti-parity-time ($\mathcal{APT}$) symmetry have revealed rich physics beyond conventional systems. Here, we study optomechanics in an $\mathcal{APT}$-symmetric spinning resonator and show that, by tuning the rotating speed to approach the exceptional point (EP) or the non-Hermitian spectral degeneracy, nonreciprocal light transmission with a high isolation ratio can be… ▽ More Non-Hermitian systems with anti-parity-time ($\mathcal{APT}$) symmetry have revealed rich physics beyond conventional systems. Here, we study optomechanics in an $\mathcal{APT}$-symmetric spinning resonator and show that, by tuning the rotating speed to approach the exceptional point (EP) or the non-Hermitian spectral degeneracy, nonreciprocal light transmission with a high isolation ratio can be realized. Accompanying this process, nonreciprocal group delay or advance is also identified in the vicinity of EP. Our work sheds new light on manipulating laser propagation with optomechanical EP devices and, in a broader view, can be extended to explore a wide range of $\mathcal{APT}$-symmetric effects, such as $\mathcal{APT}$-symmetric phonon lasers, $\mathcal{APT}$-symmetric topological effects, and $\mathcal{APT}$-symmetric force sensing or accelerator. △ Less

Submitted 27 February, 2023; originally announced February 2023.

Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures. It has been accepted for publication as a Regular Article in Physical Review A

Essential Number of Principal Components and Nearly Training-Free Model for Spectral Analysis

Authors: Yifeng Bie, Shuai You, Xinrui Li, Xuekui Zhang, Tao Lu

Abstract: Through a study of multi-gas mixture datasets, we show that in multi-component spectral analysis, the number of functional or non-functional principal components required to retain the essential information is the same as the number of independent constituents in the mixture set. Due to the mutual in-dependency among different gas molecules, near one-to-one projection from the principal component… ▽ More Through a study of multi-gas mixture datasets, we show that in multi-component spectral analysis, the number of functional or non-functional principal components required to retain the essential information is the same as the number of independent constituents in the mixture set. Due to the mutual in-dependency among different gas molecules, near one-to-one projection from the principal component to the mixture constituent can be established, leading to a significant simplification of spectral quantification. Further, with the knowledge of the molar extinction coefficients of each constituent, a complete principal component set can be extracted from the coefficients directly, and few to none training samples are required for the learning model. Compared to other approaches, the proposed methods provide fast and accurate spectral quantification solutions with a small memory size needed. △ Less

Submitted 30 December, 2022; originally announced December 2022.

Remote estimation of geologic composition using interferometric synthetic-aperture radar in California's Central Valley

Authors: Kyongsik Yun, Kyra Adams, John Reager, Zhen Liu, Caitlyn Chavez, Michael Turmon, Thomas Lu

Abstract: California's Central Valley is the national agricultural center, producing 1/4 of the nation's food. However, land in the Central Valley is sinking at a rapid rate (as much as 20 cm per year) due to continued groundwater pumping. Land subsidence has a significant impact on infrastructure resilience and groundwater sustainability. In this study, we aim to identify specific regions with different te… ▽ More California's Central Valley is the national agricultural center, producing 1/4 of the nation's food. However, land in the Central Valley is sinking at a rapid rate (as much as 20 cm per year) due to continued groundwater pumping. Land subsidence has a significant impact on infrastructure resilience and groundwater sustainability. In this study, we aim to identify specific regions with different temporal dynamics of land displacement and find relationships with underlying geological composition. Then, we aim to remotely estimate geologic composition using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)-based land deformation temporal changes using machine learning techniques. We identified regions with different temporal characteristics of land displacement in that some areas (e.g., Helm) with coarser grain geologic compositions exhibited potentially reversible land deformation (elastic land compaction). We found a significant correlation between InSAR-based land deformation and geologic composition using random forest and deep neural network regression models. We also achieved significant accuracy with 1/4 sparse sampling to reduce any spatial correlations among data, suggesting that the model has the potential to be generalized to other regions for indirect estimation of geologic composition. Our results indicate that geologic composition can be estimated using InSAR-based land deformation data. In-situ measurements of geologic composition can be expensive and time consuming and may be impractical in some areas. The generalizability of the model sheds light on high spatial resolution geologic composition estimation utilizing existing measurements. △ Less

Submitted 4 December, 2022; originally announced December 2022.

Comments: 10 pages, 7 figures, NeurIPS 2022

A Novel Buckle-Free Large Rib Microdisk with Sub-Micron Thickness

Authors: Shahin Honari, Saeed Farajollahi, Tao Lu

Abstract: Thin large microdisks, that are key for dense spectral microcomb generation at visible to UV wavelengths, face challenges in fabrication. One of the most difficult issues is the buckling effect that significantly reduces the cavity optical quality factor. This work introduces a novel rib disk structure that significantly mitigates the buckling effects. Using this approach, we obtained millimeter s… ▽ More Thin large microdisks, that are key for dense spectral microcomb generation at visible to UV wavelengths, face challenges in fabrication. One of the most difficult issues is the buckling effect that significantly reduces the cavity optical quality factor. This work introduces a novel rib disk structure that significantly mitigates the buckling effects. Using this approach, we obtained millimeter size buckle-free microdisks with sub-micron thickness and high optical quality factor exceeding $10^7$. △ Less

Submitted 16 May, 2022; originally announced May 2022.

Magneto-optical trap of a Group III atom

Authors: Xianquan Yu, Jinchao Mo, Tiangao Lu, Ting You Tan, Travis L. Nicholson

Abstract: We realize the first magneto-optical trap of an atom in main group III of the Periodic Table. Our atom of choice (indium) does not have a transition out of its ground state suitable for laser cooling; therefore, laser cooling is performed on the $\lvert 5P_{3/2},F=6 \rangle \rightarrow \lvert 5D_{5/2},F=7 \rangle$ transition, where $\lvert 5P_{3/2},F=6 \rangle$ is a long-lived metastable state. Op… ▽ More We realize the first magneto-optical trap of an atom in main group III of the Periodic Table. Our atom of choice (indium) does not have a transition out of its ground state suitable for laser cooling; therefore, laser cooling is performed on the $\lvert 5P_{3/2},F=6 \rangle \rightarrow \lvert 5D_{5/2},F=7 \rangle$ transition, where $\lvert 5P_{3/2},F=6 \rangle$ is a long-lived metastable state. Optimization of our trap parameters results in atoms numbers as large as $5\times10^8$ atoms with temperatures of order 1 mK. Additionally, through trap decay measurements, we infer a one-body trap lifetime of 12.3 s. This lifetime is consistent with background gas collisions and indicates that our repumpers have closed all leakage pathways. We also infer a two-body loss rate of $1.6\times 10^{-11}\ \mathrm{cm^3/s}$, which is comparable to those measured in alkali atoms. The techniques demonstrated in this work can be straightforwardly applied to other group III atoms, and our results pave the way for realizing quantum degenerate gases of these particles. △ Less

Submitted 7 June, 2022; v1 submitted 15 April, 2022; originally announced April 2022.

Comments: Main text: 6 pages, 4 figures. Supplemental material: 4 pages, 1 figure. Final published version. Published as PRA Letter, Editors' Suggestion, Physics Feature

Journal ref: Physical Review A 105, L061101 (2022)

Anomalous localization and multifractality in a kicked quasicrystal

Authors: Toshihiko Shimasaki, Max Prichard, H. Esat Kondakci, Jared Pagett, Yifei Bai, Peter Dotti, Alec Cao, Tsung-Cheng Lu, Tarun Grover, David M. Weld

Abstract: Multifractal states offer a "third way" for quantum matter, neither fully localized nor ergodic, exhibiting singular continuous spectra, self-similar wavefunctions, and transport and entanglement scaling exponents intermediate between extended and localized states. While multifractality in equilibrium systems generally requires fine-tuning to a critical point, externally driven quantum matter can… ▽ More Multifractal states offer a "third way" for quantum matter, neither fully localized nor ergodic, exhibiting singular continuous spectra, self-similar wavefunctions, and transport and entanglement scaling exponents intermediate between extended and localized states. While multifractality in equilibrium systems generally requires fine-tuning to a critical point, externally driven quantum matter can exhibit multifractal states with no equilibrium counterpart. We report the experimental observation of multifractal matter and anomalous localization in a kicked Aubry-André-Harper quasicrystal. Our cold-atom realization of this previously-unexplored model is enabled by apodized Floquet engineering techniques which expand the accessible phase diagram by five orders of magnitude. This kicked quantum quasicrystal exhibits a rich phase diagram including not only fully localized and fully delocalized phases but also an extended region comprising an intricate nested pattern of localized, delocalized, and multifractal states. Mapping transport properties throughout the phase diagram, we observe disorder-driven re-entrant delocalization and sub-ballistic transport, and present a theoretical explanation of these phenomena based on eigenstate multifractality. These results open up the exploration of new states of matter characterized by an intricate interplay of fractal structure and quantum dynamics. △ Less

Submitted 3 May, 2022; v1 submitted 17 March, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Comments: 22 pages, 16 figures (including supp. info)

Screening promising CsV3Sb5-like kagome materials from systematic first-principles evaluation

Authors: Yutao Jiang, Ze Yu, Yuxin Wang, Tenglong Lu, Sheng Meng, Kun Jiang, Miao Liu

Abstract: CsV3Sb5 kagome lattice holds the promise for manifesting electron correlation, topology and superconducting. However, by far only three CsV3Sb5-like kagome materials have been experimentally spotted. In this work, we enlarge this family of materials to 1386 compounds via element species substitution, and the further screening process suggests that 28 promising candidates have superior thermodynami… ▽ More CsV3Sb5 kagome lattice holds the promise for manifesting electron correlation, topology and superconducting. However, by far only three CsV3Sb5-like kagome materials have been experimentally spotted. In this work, we enlarge this family of materials to 1386 compounds via element species substitution, and the further screening process suggests that 28 promising candidates have superior thermodynamic stability, hence they are highly likely to be synthesized. Moreover, these compounds possess several identical electronic structures, and can be categorized into five non-magnetic and three magnetic groups accordingly. It is our hope that this work can greatly expand the viable phase space of the CsV3Sb5-like materials for investigating or tuning the novel quantum phenomena in kagome lattice. △ Less

Submitted 11 February, 2022; originally announced February 2022.

Journal ref: Chin. Phys. Lett. 39 047402(2022)

Zeeman slowing of a Group III atom

Authors: Xianquan Yu, Jinchao Mo, Tiangao Lu, Ting You Tan, Travis L. Nicholson

Abstract: We realize the first Zeeman slower of an atom in the Main Group III of the periodic table, otherwise known as the "triel elements". Despite that our atom of choice (namely indium) does not have a ground state cycling transition suitable for laser cooling, slowing is achieved by driving the transition $\lvert 5P_{3/2},F=6 \rangle \rightarrow \lvert 5D_{5/2},F=7 \rangle$, where the lower-energy stat… ▽ More We realize the first Zeeman slower of an atom in the Main Group III of the periodic table, otherwise known as the "triel elements". Despite that our atom of choice (namely indium) does not have a ground state cycling transition suitable for laser cooling, slowing is achieved by driving the transition $\lvert 5P_{3/2},F=6 \rangle \rightarrow \lvert 5D_{5/2},F=7 \rangle$, where the lower-energy state is metastable. Using a slower based on permanent magnets in a transverse-field configuration, we observe a bright slowed atomic beam at our design goal velocity of 70 m/s. The techniques presented here can straightforwardly extend to other triel atoms such as thallium, aluminum, and gallium. Furthermore, this work opens the possibility of cooling Group III atoms to ultracold temperatures. △ Less

Submitted 28 March, 2022; v1 submitted 12 January, 2022; originally announced January 2022.

Comments: 8 pages, 9 figures. Final published version

Journal ref: Physical Review Research 4, 013238 (2022)

Strain-tunable synthetic gauge fields in topological photonic graphene

Authors: Zhen-Ting Huang, Kuo-Bin Hong, Ray-Kuang Lee, Laura Pilozzi, Claudio Conti, Jhih-Sheng Wu, Tien-Chang Lu

Abstract: We propose a straightforward and effective approach to design, by strain-engineering, photonic topological insulators supporting high quality factors edge states. Chiral strain-engineering creates opposite synthetic gauge fields in two domains resulting in Landau levels with the same energy spacing but different topological numbers. The boundary of the two topological domains hosts robust time-rev… ▽ More We propose a straightforward and effective approach to design, by strain-engineering, photonic topological insulators supporting high quality factors edge states. Chiral strain-engineering creates opposite synthetic gauge fields in two domains resulting in Landau levels with the same energy spacing but different topological numbers. The boundary of the two topological domains hosts robust time-reversal and spin-momentum-locked edge states, exhibiting high quality factors due to continuous strain modulation. By shaping the synthetic gauge field, we obtain a remarkable field confinement and tunability, with the strain strongly affecting the degree of localization of the edge states. Notably the two-domain design stabilizes the strain-induced topological edge state. The large potential bandwidth of the strain-engineering and the opportunity to induce the mechanical stress at the fabrication stage enables large scalability for many potential applications in photonics, such as tunable microcavities, new lasers and information processing devices, including the quantum regime. △ Less

Submitted 19 October, 2021; originally announced October 2021.

Comments: 31 pages, 10 figures

Measurement and Simulation of the Magnetic Fields from a 555 Timer Integrated Circuit using a Quantum Diamond Microscope and Finite Element Analysis

Authors: P. Kehayias, E. V. Levine, L. Basso, J. Henshaw, M. Saleh Ziabari, M. Titze, R. Haltli, J. Okoro, D. R. Tibbetts, D. M. Udoni, E. Bielejec, M. P. Lilly, T. M. Lu, P. D. D. Schwindt, A. M. Mounce

Abstract: Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM) magnetic field imaging is an emerging interrogation and diagnostic technique for integrated circuits (ICs). To date, the ICs measured with a QDM were either too complex for us to predict the expected magnetic fields and benchmark the QDM performance, or were too simple to be relevant to the IC community. In this paper, we establish a 555 timer IC as a "model system… ▽ More Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM) magnetic field imaging is an emerging interrogation and diagnostic technique for integrated circuits (ICs). To date, the ICs measured with a QDM were either too complex for us to predict the expected magnetic fields and benchmark the QDM performance, or were too simple to be relevant to the IC community. In this paper, we establish a 555 timer IC as a "model system" to optimize QDM measurement implementation, benchmark performance, and assess IC device functionality. To validate the magnetic field images taken with a QDM, we used a SPICE electronic circuit simulator and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to model the magnetic fields from the 555 die for two functional states. We compare the advantages and the results of three IC-diamond measurement methods, confirm that the measured and simulated magnetic images are consistent, identify the magnetic signatures of current paths within the device, and discuss using this model system to advance QDM magnetic imaging as an IC diagnostic tool. △ Less

Submitted 19 January, 2022; v1 submitted 23 September, 2021; originally announced September 2021.

Comments: 12 pages main text (8 figures), 4 pages supplementary information (5 figures)

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Applied 17 014021 (2022)

Efficient Fourier single-pixel imaging with Gaussian random sampling

Authors: Ziheng Qiu, Xinyi Guo, Tianao Lu, Pan Qi, Zibang Zhang, Jingang Zhong

Abstract: Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSI) is a branch of single-pixel imaging techniques. It uses Fourier basis patterns as structured patterns for spatial information acquisition in the Fourier domain. However, the spatial resolution of the image reconstructed by FSI mainly depends on the number of Fourier coefficients sampled. The reconstruction of a high-resolution image typically requires a number of… ▽ More Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSI) is a branch of single-pixel imaging techniques. It uses Fourier basis patterns as structured patterns for spatial information acquisition in the Fourier domain. However, the spatial resolution of the image reconstructed by FSI mainly depends on the number of Fourier coefficients sampled. The reconstruction of a high-resolution image typically requires a number of Fourier coefficients to be sampled, and therefore takes a long data acquisition time. Here we propose a new sampling strategy for FSI. It allows FSI to reconstruct a clear and sharp image with a reduced number of measurements. The core of the proposed sampling strategy is to perform a variable density sampling in the Fourier space and, more importantly, the density with respect to the importance of Fourier coefficients is subject to a one-dimensional Gaussian function. Combined with compressive sensing, the proposed sampling strategy enables better reconstruction quality than conventional sampling strategies, especially when the sampling ratio is low. We experimentally demonstrate compressive FSI combined with the proposed sampling strategy is able to reconstruct a sharp and clear image of 256-by-256 pixels with a sampling ratio of 10%. The proposed method enables fast single-pixel imaging and provides a new approach for efficient spatial information acquisition. △ Less

Submitted 28 June, 2021; originally announced August 2021.

A universal model for the formation energy prediction of inorganic compounds

Authors: Yingzong Liang, Mingwei Chen, Yanan Wang, Huaxian Jia, Tenglong Lu, Fankai Xie, Sheng Meng, Miao Liu

Abstract: Harnessing the recent advance in data science and materials science, it is feasible today to build predictive models for materials properties. In this study, we employ the data of high-throughput quantum mechanics calculations based on 170,714 inorganic crystalline compounds to train a machine learning model for formation energy prediction. Different from the previous work, our model reaches a fai… ▽ More Harnessing the recent advance in data science and materials science, it is feasible today to build predictive models for materials properties. In this study, we employ the data of high-throughput quantum mechanics calculations based on 170,714 inorganic crystalline compounds to train a machine learning model for formation energy prediction. Different from the previous work, our model reaches a fairly good predictive ability (R2=0.982 and MAE=0.07 eVatom-1, DenseNet model) and meanwhile can be universally applied to the large phase space of inorganic materials. The improvement comes from several effective structure-dependent descriptors that are proposed to take the information of electronegativity and structure into account. This model can provide a useful tool to search for new materials in a vast phase space in a fast and cost-effective manner. △ Less

Submitted 31 July, 2021; originally announced August 2021.

Journal ref: Sci. China Mater. 66, 343 (2023)

Coherent mode-combined ultra-narrow-linewidth single-mode micro-disk laser

Authors: Jintian Lin, Saeed Farajollahi, Zhiwei Fang, Ni Yao, Renhong Gao, Jianglin Guan, Li Deng, Tao Lu, Min Wang, Haisu Zhang, Wei Fang, Lingling Qiao, Ya Cheng

Abstract: Integrated single-mode microlasers with ultra-narrow linewidths play a game-changing role in a broad spectrum of applications ranging from coherent communication and LIDAR to metrology and sensing. Generation of such light sources in a controllable and cost-effective manner remains an outstanding challenge due to the difficulties in the realization of ultra-high Q active micro-resonators with supp… ▽ More Integrated single-mode microlasers with ultra-narrow linewidths play a game-changing role in a broad spectrum of applications ranging from coherent communication and LIDAR to metrology and sensing. Generation of such light sources in a controllable and cost-effective manner remains an outstanding challenge due to the difficulties in the realization of ultra-high Q active micro-resonators with suppressed mode numbers. Here, we report a microlaser generated in an ultra-high Q Erbium doped lithium niobate (LN) micro-disk. Through the formation of coherently combined polygon modes at both pump and laser wavelengths, the microlaser exhibits single mode operation with an ultra-narrow-linewidth of 98 Hz. In combination with the superior electro-optic and nonlinear optical properties of LN crystal, the mass-producible on-chip single-mode microlaser will provide an essential building block for the photonic integrated circuits demanding high precision frequency control and reconfigurability. △ Less

Submitted 19 July, 2021; originally announced July 2021.

A Dyson Sphere around a black hole

Authors: Tiger Yu-Yang Hsiao, Tomotsugu Goto, Tetsuya Hashimoto, Daryl Joe D. Santos, Alvina Y. L. On, Ece Kilerci-Eser, Yi Hang Valerie Wong, Seong Jin Kim, Cossas K. -W. Wu, Simon C. -C. Ho, Ting-Yi Lu

Abstract: The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) has been conducted for nearly 60 years. A Dyson Sphere, a spherical structure that surrounds a star and transports its radiative energy outward as an energy source for an advanced civilisation, is one of the main targets of SETI. In this study, we discuss whether building a Dyson Sphere around a black hole is effective. We consider six energy sou… ▽ More The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) has been conducted for nearly 60 years. A Dyson Sphere, a spherical structure that surrounds a star and transports its radiative energy outward as an energy source for an advanced civilisation, is one of the main targets of SETI. In this study, we discuss whether building a Dyson Sphere around a black hole is effective. We consider six energy sources: (i) the cosmic microwave background, (ii) the Hawking radiation, (iii) an accretion disk, (iv) Bondi accretion, (v) a corona, and (vi) relativistic jets. To develop future civilisations (for example, a Type II civilisation), $4\times10^{26}\,{\rm W}$($1\,{\rm L_{\odot}}$) is expected to be needed. Among (iii) to (vi), the largest luminosity can be collected from an accretion disk, reaching $10^{5}\,{\rm L_{\odot}}$, enough to maintain a Type II civilisation. Moreover, if a Dyson Sphere collects not only the electromagnetic radiation but also other types of energy (e.g., kinetic energy) from the jets, the total collected energy would be approximately 5 times larger. Considering the emission from a Dyson Sphere, our results show that the Dyson Sphere around a stellar-mass black hole in the Milky Way ($10\,\rm kpc$ away from us) is detectable in the ultraviolet$(\rm 10-400\,{\rm nm)}$, optical$(\rm 400-760\,{\rm nm)}$, near-infrared($\rm 760\,{\rm nm}-5\,{\rm μm}$), and mid-infrared($\rm 5-40\,{\rm μm}$) wavelengths via the waste heat radiation using current telescopes such as Galaxy Evolution Explorer Ultraviolet Sky Surveys. Performing model fitting to observed spectral energy distributions and measuring the variability of radial velocity may help us to identify these possible artificial structures. △ Less

Submitted 1 July, 2021; v1 submitted 29 June, 2021; originally announced June 2021.

Comments: This paper has been accepted for publication in MNRAS

Investigative Study on Preprint Journal Club as an Effective Method of Teaching Latest Knowledge in Astronomy

Authors: Daryl Joe D. Santos, Tomotsugu Goto, Ting-Yi Lu, Simon C. -C. Ho, Ting-Wen Wang, Alvina Y. L. On, Tetsuya Hashimoto, Shwu-Ching Young

Abstract: As recent advancements in physics and astronomy rapidly rewrite textbooks, there is a growing need in keeping abreast of the latest knowledge in these fields. Reading preprints is one of the effective ways to do this. By having journal clubs where people can read and discuss journals together, the benefits of reading journals become more prevalent. We present an investigative study of understandin… ▽ More As recent advancements in physics and astronomy rapidly rewrite textbooks, there is a growing need in keeping abreast of the latest knowledge in these fields. Reading preprints is one of the effective ways to do this. By having journal clubs where people can read and discuss journals together, the benefits of reading journals become more prevalent. We present an investigative study of understanding the factors that affect the success of preprint journal clubs in astronomy, more commonly known as Astro-ph/Astro-Coffee (hereafter called AC). A survey was disseminated to understand how institutions from different countries implement AC. We interviewed 9 survey respondents and from their responses we identified four important factors that make AC successful: commitment (how the organizer and attendees participate in AC), environment (how conducive and comfortable AC is conducted), content (the discussed topics in AC and how they are presented), and objective (the main goal/s of conducting AC). We also present the format of our AC, an elective class which was evaluated during the Spring Semester 2020 (March 2020 - June 2020). Our evaluation with the attendees showed that enrollees (those who are enrolled and are required to present papers regularly) tend to be more committed in attending compared to audiences (those who are not enrolled and are not required to present papers regularly). In addition, participants tend to find papers outside their research field harder to read. Finally, we showed an improvement in the weekly number of papers read after attending AC of those who present papers regularly, and a high satisfaction rating of our AC. We summarize the areas of improvement in our AC implementation, and we encourage other institutions to evaluate their own AC in accordance with the four aforementioned factors to assess the effectiveness of their AC in reaching their goals. △ Less

Submitted 3 June, 2021; originally announced June 2021.

Comments: Accepted for publication in PRPER. A summary video is available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzy2I_xA_dU&ab_channel=NthuCosmology

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 010145 (2021)

Hot Carrier Degradation in MOSFETs at Cryogenic Temperatures Down to 4.2 K

Authors: Yuanke Zhang, Chao Luo, Tengteng Lu, Yujing Zhang, Jun Xu, Guoping Guo

Abstract: Wide attention has been focused on cryogenic CMOS (Cryo-CMOS) operation because of its wide application and the improvement of CMOS performance. However, hot carrier degradation (HCD) becomes worsening at cryogenic temperature, which affects the reliability of Cryo-CMOS. Therefore, this article investigates HCD in 0.18 um bulk CMOS at cryogenic temperature down to 4.2 K. Particularly, the relation… ▽ More Wide attention has been focused on cryogenic CMOS (Cryo-CMOS) operation because of its wide application and the improvement of CMOS performance. However, hot carrier degradation (HCD) becomes worsening at cryogenic temperature, which affects the reliability of Cryo-CMOS. Therefore, this article investigates HCD in 0.18 um bulk CMOS at cryogenic temperature down to 4.2 K. Particularly, the relationship between HCD and the current overshoot phenomenon and the influence of substrate bias on HCD are discussed. Besides, we predict the lifetime of the device at 77 K and 4.2 K. It is concluded that cryogenic NMOS cannot reach the ten years' commercial standard lifetime at standard drain voltage (VDD). And it is predicted that the reliability requirements can be reached when VDD<1.768V/1.734V at 77K/4.2K. Differently, the lifetime of PMOS is long enough even at low temperatures. △ Less

Submitted 21 October, 2021; v1 submitted 25 April, 2021; originally announced April 2021.

Comments: 6 pages, 9 figures

Cryogenic Modeling of MOSFET Device Based on BSIM and EKV Models

Authors: Tengteng Lu, Yuanke Zhang, Yujing Zhang, Jun Xu, Guoping Guo, Chao Luo

Abstract: Kink effect is a large obstacle for the cryogenic model of inversion-type bulk silicon MOSFET devices. This letter used two methods to correct the kink effect: the modified evolutionary strategy (MES) and dual-model modeling (BSIM3v3 and EKV2.6). Both methods are based on the principle of kink effect. The first method considers impact ionization and substrate current induced body effect (SCBE), an… ▽ More Kink effect is a large obstacle for the cryogenic model of inversion-type bulk silicon MOSFET devices. This letter used two methods to correct the kink effect: the modified evolutionary strategy (MES) and dual-model modeling (BSIM3v3 and EKV2.6). Both methods are based on the principle of kink effect. The first method considers impact ionization and substrate current induced body effect (SCBE), and the other considers the change of the freeze-out substrate potential. By applying the above two methods, kink can be corrected to improve the agreement between simulation data and measurement data, and obtain more accurate model parameters. These two methods can be used in further work for cryogenic device modeling and circuit design. △ Less

Submitted 17 April, 2021; originally announced April 2021.

Comments: 4 pages, 4 figures

Fabrication of Ultra-High Q Silica Microdisk Using Chemo-Mechanical Polishing

Authors: S. Honari, S. Haque, Tao Lu

Abstract: Here we demonstrate that adding a chemo-mechanical polishing (CMP) procedure to conventional photolithography, a silica microdisk with ultra-high quality factors ($>10^8$) can be fabricated. By comparing with the intrinsic optical quality factor (Q) measured at 970~nm, we observe that due to the significantly reduced surface roughness, at 1550~nm wavelength the water molecule absorption at the cav… ▽ More Here we demonstrate that adding a chemo-mechanical polishing (CMP) procedure to conventional photolithography, a silica microdisk with ultra-high quality factors ($>10^8$) can be fabricated. By comparing with the intrinsic optical quality factor (Q) measured at 970~nm, we observe that due to the significantly reduced surface roughness, at 1550~nm wavelength the water molecule absorption at the cavity surface supersedes Rayleigh scattering as the dominant factor for Q degradation. △ Less

Submitted 12 April, 2021; originally announced April 2021.

Comments: 3 pages, 2 figures

Characterization and Modeling of Native MOSFETs Down to 4.2 K

Authors: Yuanke Zhang, Tengteng Lu, Wenjie Wang, Yujing Zhang, Jun Xu, Chao Luo, Guoping Guo

Abstract: The extremely low threshold voltage (Vth) of native MOSFETs (Vth~0V@300K) is conducive to the design of cryogenic circuits. Previous research on cryogenic MOSFETs mainly focused on the standard threshold voltage (SVT) and low threshold voltage (LVT) MOSFETs. In this paper, we characterize native MOSFETs within the temperature range from 300K to 4.2K. The cryogenic Vth increases up to ~0.25V (W/L=1… ▽ More The extremely low threshold voltage (Vth) of native MOSFETs (Vth~0V@300K) is conducive to the design of cryogenic circuits. Previous research on cryogenic MOSFETs mainly focused on the standard threshold voltage (SVT) and low threshold voltage (LVT) MOSFETs. In this paper, we characterize native MOSFETs within the temperature range from 300K to 4.2K. The cryogenic Vth increases up to ~0.25V (W/L=10um/10um) and the improved subthreshold swing (SS)~14.30mV/dec@4.2K. The off-state current (Ioff) and the gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) effect are ameliorated greatly. The step-up effect caused by the substrate charge and the transconductance peak effect caused by the energy quantization in different sub-bands are also discussed. Based on the EKV model, we modified the mobility calculation equations and proposed a compact model of large size native MOSFETs suitable for the range of 300K to 4.2K. The mobility-related parameters are extracted via a machine learning approach and the temperature dependences of the scattering mechanisms are analyzed. This work is beneficial to both the research on cryogenic MOSFETs modeling and the design of cryogenic CMOS circuits for quantum chips. △ Less

Submitted 7 April, 2021; originally announced April 2021.

Comments: 6 pages, 8 figures

Nonequilibrium Physics in Biology

Authors: Xiaona Fang, Karsten Kruse, Ting Lu, Jin Wang

Abstract: Life is characterized by a myriad of complex dynamic processes allowing organisms to grow, reproduce, and evolve. Physical approaches for describing systems out of thermodynamic equilibrium have been increasingly applied to living systems, which often exhibit phenomena unknown from those traditionally studied in physics. Spectacular advances in experimentation during the last decade or two, for ex… ▽ More Life is characterized by a myriad of complex dynamic processes allowing organisms to grow, reproduce, and evolve. Physical approaches for describing systems out of thermodynamic equilibrium have been increasingly applied to living systems, which often exhibit phenomena unknown from those traditionally studied in physics. Spectacular advances in experimentation during the last decade or two, for example, in microscopy, single cell dynamics, in the reconstruction of sub- and multicellular systems outside of living organisms, or in high throughput data acquisition have yielded an unprecedented wealth of data about cell dynamics, genetic regulation, and organismal development. These data have motivated the development and refinement of concepts and tools to dissect the physical mechanisms underlying biological processes. Notably, the landscape and flux theory as well as active hydrodynamic gel theory have proven very useful in this endeavour. Together with concepts and tools developed in other areas of nonequilibrium physics, significant progresses have been made in unraveling the principles underlying efficient energy transport in photosynthesis, cellular regulatory networks, cellular movements and organization, embryonic development and cancer, neural network dynamics, population dynamics and ecology, as well as ageing, immune responses and evolution. Here, we review recent advances in nonequilibrium physics and survey their application to biological systems. We expect many of these results to be important cornerstones as the field continues to build our understanding of life. △ Less

Submitted 9 December, 2020; originally announced December 2020.

Journal ref: Rev Mod Phys 91, 045004 (2019)

An on-chip tunable micro-disk laser fabricated on Er3+ doped lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI)

Authors: Zhe Wang, Zhiwei Fang, Zhaoxiang Liu, Wei Chu, Yuan Zhou, Jianhao Zhang, Rongbo Wu, Min Wang, Tao Lu, Ya Cheng

Abstract: We demonstrate a C-band wavelength-tunable microlaser with an Er3+ doped high quality (~1.02x10^6) lithium niobate microdisk resonator. With a 976 nm continuous-wave pump laser, lasing action can be observed at a pump power threshold as low as ~250 μW at room temperature. Furthermore, the microdisk laser wavelength can be tuned by varying the pump laser power, showing a tuning efficiency of ~-17.0… ▽ More We demonstrate a C-band wavelength-tunable microlaser with an Er3+ doped high quality (~1.02x10^6) lithium niobate microdisk resonator. With a 976 nm continuous-wave pump laser, lasing action can be observed at a pump power threshold as low as ~250 μW at room temperature. Furthermore, the microdisk laser wavelength can be tuned by varying the pump laser power, showing a tuning efficiency of ~-17.03 pm/mW at low pump power blow 13 mW, and 10.58 pm/mW at high pump power above 13 mW. △ Less

Submitted 18 September, 2020; originally announced September 2020.

Low Threshold Bound State in the Continuum Lasers in Hybrid Lattice Resonance Metasurfaces

Authors: Jhen-Hong Yang, Dmitrii N. Maksimov, Zhen-Ting Huang, Pavel S. Pankin, Ivan V. Timofeev, Kuo-Bing Hong, Heng Li, Jia-Wei Chen, Chu-Yuan Hsu, Yi-Yun Liu, Tien-Chang Lu, Tzy-Rong Lin, Chan-Shan Yang, Kuo-Ping Chen

Abstract: Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have attracted much attention in recent years due to the infinite quality factor (Q-factor) resonance and extremely localized field. In this study, BICs have been demonstrated by dielectric metasurfaces with hybrid surface lattice resonance (SLR) in the experiment. By breaking the symmetry of geometry, SLR can be easily switched between BICs and quasi-BICs. Com… ▽ More Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have attracted much attention in recent years due to the infinite quality factor (Q-factor) resonance and extremely localized field. In this study, BICs have been demonstrated by dielectric metasurfaces with hybrid surface lattice resonance (SLR) in the experiment. By breaking the symmetry of geometry, SLR can be easily switched between BICs and quasi-BICs. Comparing with literature, switching between BICs and quasi-BICs is usually accompanied by wavelength shift. Here, a design rule is proposed to prevent the wavelength shift when the Q-factor is changing. Also, such a design also makes subsequent identification of the laser threshold more credible. Due to the high Q-factor, low threshold laser is one of the intuitive applications of BICs. Utilize the high localized ability of BICs, low threshold BICs laser can be achieved by the dielectric metasurface immersed with Rhodamine 6G. Interestingly, due to the high Q-factor resonance of BICs, the laser signals and images can be observed in almost transparent samples. Not only the BICs laser is demonstrated in the experiment, but also the mechanism of BICs is deeply analyzed. This study can help readers better understand this novel feature of BICs, and provide the way for engineer BICs metasurfaces. The device can provide various applications, including laser, optical sensing, non-linear optics enhancement, and single-photon source. △ Less

Submitted 7 July, 2020; originally announced July 2020.

Comments: 18 pages, 4 figures

Journal ref: Laser Photon. Rev., 15, 10, 2100118 (2021)

Bright high-purity quantum emitters in aluminium nitride integrated photonics

Authors: Tsung-Ju Lu, Benjamin Lienhard, Kwang-Yong Jeong, Hyowon Moon, Ava Iranmanesh, Gabriele Grosso, Dirk Englund

Abstract: Solid-state quantum emitters (QEs) are fundamental in photonic-based quantum information processing. There is strong interest to develop high-quality QEs in III-nitride semiconductors because of their sophisticated manufacturing driven by large and growing applications in optoelectronics, high voltage power transistors, and microwave amplifiers. Here, we report the generation and direct integratio… ▽ More Solid-state quantum emitters (QEs) are fundamental in photonic-based quantum information processing. There is strong interest to develop high-quality QEs in III-nitride semiconductors because of their sophisticated manufacturing driven by large and growing applications in optoelectronics, high voltage power transistors, and microwave amplifiers. Here, we report the generation and direct integration of QEs in an aluminium nitride-based photonic integrated circuit platform. For individual waveguide-integrated QEs, we measure an off-chip count rate exceeding $6 \times 10^{4}$ counts per second (cps) (saturation rate > $8.6 \times 10^{4}$ cps). In an unpatterned thin-film sample, we measure antibunching with $g^{(2)}(0) \sim 0.05$ and photon count rates exceeding $8 \times 10^{5}$ cps (saturation rate > $1 \times 10^{6}$ cps). Although spin and detailed optical linewidth measurements are left for future work, these results already show the potential for high-quality QEs monolithically integrated in a wide range of III-nitride device technologies that would enable new quantum device opportunities and industrial scalability. △ Less

Submitted 29 June, 2020; originally announced June 2020.

Comments: 5 figures, 13 pages

Polygon Coherent Modes in aWeakly Perturbed Whispering Gallery Microresonator for Efficient Second Harmonic, Optomechanic and Frequency Comb Generations

Authors: Zhiwei Fang, Sanaul Haque, Farajollahi Saeed, Haipeng Luo, Jintian Lin, Rongbo Wu, Jianhao Zhang, Zhe Wang, Min Wang, Ya Cheng, Tao Lu

Abstract: We observe high optical quality factor (Q) polygonal and star coherent optical modes in a lithium niobate microdisk. In contrast to the previous polygon modes achieved by deformed microcavities at lower mechanical and optical Q, we adopted weak perturbation from a tapered fiber for the polygon mode formation. The resulting high intracavity optical power of the polygon modes triggers second harmoni… ▽ More We observe high optical quality factor (Q) polygonal and star coherent optical modes in a lithium niobate microdisk. In contrast to the previous polygon modes achieved by deformed microcavities at lower mechanical and optical Q, we adopted weak perturbation from a tapered fiber for the polygon mode formation. The resulting high intracavity optical power of the polygon modes triggers second harmonic generation at high efficiency. With the combined advantage of high mechanical Q cavity optomechanical oscillation was observed for the first time. Finally, we observe frequency microcomb generation from the polygon modes with an ultra stable taper-on-disk coupling mechanism. △ Less

Submitted 19 May, 2020; originally announced May 2020.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 173901 (2020)

Tunable microwave absorption performance of nitrogen and sulfur dual-doped graphene by varying doping sequence

Authors: L. Quan, H. T. Lu, F. X. Qin, D. Estevez, Y. F. Wang, Y. H. Li, Y. Tian, H. Wang, H. X. Peng

Abstract: Sulfur and nitrogen dual doped graphene have been extensively investigated in the field of oxygen reduction reaction, supercapacitors and batteries, but their magnetic and absorption performance have not been explored. Besides, the effects of doping sequence of sulfur and nitrogen atoms on the morphology, structural property and the corresponding microwave absorption performance of the dual doped… ▽ More Sulfur and nitrogen dual doped graphene have been extensively investigated in the field of oxygen reduction reaction, supercapacitors and batteries, but their magnetic and absorption performance have not been explored. Besides, the effects of doping sequence of sulfur and nitrogen atoms on the morphology, structural property and the corresponding microwave absorption performance of the dual doped graphene remain unexplored. In this work, nitrogen and sulfur dual doped graphene with different doping sequence were successfully prepared using a controllable two steps facile thermal treatment method. The first doping process played a decisive role on the morphology, crystal size, interlayer distance, doping degree and ultimately magnetic and microwave absorption properties of the dual doped graphene samples. Meanwhile, the second doping step affected the doping sites and further had a repairing or damaging effect on the final doped graphene. The dual doped graphene samples exhibited two pronounced absorption peaks which intensity was decided by the order of the doping elements. This nitrogen and sulfur dual doped graphene with controlled doping order provides a strategy for understanding of the interaction between nitrogen and sulfur as dual dopants in graphene and further acquiring microwave absorbing materials with tunable absorption bands by varying the doping sequence. △ Less

Submitted 22 March, 2020; originally announced March 2020.