Showing 1–26 of 26 results for author: Weng, H

Disentangling Anomalous Hall Effect Mechanisms and Extra Symmetry Protection in Altermagnetic Systems

Authors: Yuansheng Bu, Ziyin Song, Zhong Fang, Quansheng Wu, Hongming Weng

Abstract: We investigate the evolution of Anomalous Hall Conductivity (AHC) in a coplanar and collinear antiferromagnetic system with varying spin canting angles. A tight-binding model based on three t2g-orbitals in a body-centered tetragonal lattice is constructed, where the inclusion of third-nearest neighbor hopping is demonstrated to be essential for capturing the characteristic energy band splitting of… ▽ More We investigate the evolution of Anomalous Hall Conductivity (AHC) in a coplanar and collinear antiferromagnetic system with varying spin canting angles. A tight-binding model based on three t2g-orbitals in a body-centered tetragonal lattice is constructed, where the inclusion of third-nearest neighbor hopping is demonstrated to be essential for capturing the characteristic energy band splitting of altermagnetic materials. By employing a symmetry analysis based on spin space groups and treating spin-orbit coupling (SOC) as a perturbation, we theoretically distinguish and numerically verify two origins of the transverse transport: the conventional anomalous Hall effect (AHE) induced by net magnetization and the Crystal Hall Effect (CHE) arising from specific crystal symmetries. Our results show that the conductivity components driven by these two mechanisms follow distinct trigonometric dependencies on the canting angle. Crucially, we identify a hidden C110 rotational symmetry that has been previously overlooked in static magnetic group analyses. By expanding the AHC in terms of spin orientation vectors, we demonstrate that this symmetry acts as a bridge connecting distinct magnetic configurations with different canting angles, thereby strictly protecting the equivalence of orthogonal conductivity components in the collinear system. △ Less

Submitted 22 March, 2026; originally announced March 2026.

Comments: 9 pages, 6 figures and 2 tables

Physics of Dipole and Quadrupole Brewster Angles in Thin Films

Authors: Edward H. Krock, Mughaid Ali, Haizhong Weng, C. M. Smith, John F. Donegan

Abstract: The Brewster angle is a well-known-phenomenon that describes the angle at which the intensity of reflection of p-polarized light is zero for a single dielectric interface. We investigate the angle dependent reflection in a simple SiN thin film, with thickness in the hundreds of nanometres, a common thickness used in optical waveguides, Fabry-Perot resonators, sensors and lasers. We describe the re… ▽ More The Brewster angle is a well-known-phenomenon that describes the angle at which the intensity of reflection of p-polarized light is zero for a single dielectric interface. We investigate the angle dependent reflection in a simple SiN thin film, with thickness in the hundreds of nanometres, a common thickness used in optical waveguides, Fabry-Perot resonators, sensors and lasers. We describe the reflection of our SiN thin film in terms of electric and magnetic multipoles through a multipole expansion of the fields inside our film. Previous theoretical studies on Fabry Perot modes in GaP films have only considered the reflection of unpolarized light at normal incidence. Our investigation expands on this work to s- and p-polarization and angle dependent effects permitting the study of both Fabry Perot and Brewster angle effects together. Our approach allows us to re-derive the well-known Brewster angle equation from the electric dipole term. We then derive several new Brewster angle equations associated with the magnetic dipole and electric/magnetic quadrupoles in our model. Our model is then validated by obtaining good agreement between the predicted reflection from our multipoles to the measured reflection of the same thin film. The distinction between the standard electric dipole Brewster angle and our newly discovered Brewster angles is the destructive interference between remaining multipoles. It is this destructive interference which produces the zero in measured and modelled reflection, associated with the Brewster angle. In addition, the Brewster condition of the magnetic dipole and quadrupoles are only satisfied at specific wavelengths. This multipole model brings additional understanding of how light interacts with thin film dielectric materials. △ Less

Submitted 8 June, 2026; v1 submitted 2 March, 2026; originally announced March 2026.

Comments: Pre-print paper, 19 pages in main text,23 in supplemental 08.06.2026 Preprint updated following peer review and following rejection. Results and findings remain unchanged. Abstract, Language adjusted and text modified. Supplemental removed due to large file size, but is available from first author, Edward H.Krock, upon request

Roadmap: Emerging Platforms and Applications of Optical Frequency Combs and Dissipative Solitons

Authors: Dmitry Skryabin, Arne Kordts, Richard Zeltner, Ronald Holzwarth, Victor Torres-Company, Tobias Herr, Fuchuan Lei, Qi-Fan Yang, Camille-Sophie Brès, John F. Donegan, Hai-Zhong Weng, Delphine Marris-Morini, Adel Bousseksou, Markku Vainio, Thomas Bunel, Matteo Conforti, Arnaud Mussot, Erwan Lucas, Julien Fatome, Yuk Shan Cheng, Derryck T. Reid, Alessia Pasquazi, Marco Peccianti, M. Giudici, M. Marconi , et al. (9 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The discovery of optical frequency combs (OFCs) has revolutionised science and technology by bridging electronics and photonics, driving major advances in precision measurements, atomic clocks, spectroscopy, telecommunications, and astronomy. However, current OFC systems still require further development to enable broader adoption in fields such as communication, aerospace, defence, and healthcare… ▽ More The discovery of optical frequency combs (OFCs) has revolutionised science and technology by bridging electronics and photonics, driving major advances in precision measurements, atomic clocks, spectroscopy, telecommunications, and astronomy. However, current OFC systems still require further development to enable broader adoption in fields such as communication, aerospace, defence, and healthcare. There is a growing need for compact, portable OFCs that deliver high output power, robust self-referencing, and application-specific spectral coverage. On the conceptual side, progress toward such systems is hindered by an incomplete understanding of the fundamental principles governing OFC generation in emerging devices and materials, as well as evolving insights into the interplay between soliton and mode-locking effects. This roadmap presents the vision of a diverse group of academic and industry researchers and educators from Europe, along with their collaborators, on the current status and future directions of OFC science. It highlights a multidisciplinary approach that integrates novel physics, engineering innovation, and advanced researcher training. Topics include advances in soliton science as it relates to OFCs, the extension of OFC spectra into the visible and mid-infrared ranges, metrology applications and noise performance of integrated OFC sources, new fibre-based OFC modules, OFC lasers and OFC applications in astronomy. △ Less

Submitted 27 November, 2025; v1 submitted 22 November, 2025; originally announced November 2025.

Comments: Roadmap, 66 pages

Photonic-integrated quantum sensor array for microscale magnetic localisation

Authors: Hao-Cheng Weng, John G. Rarity, Krishna C. Balram, Joe A. Smith

Abstract: Nitrogen-vacancy centres (NVs) are promising solid-state nanoscale quantum sensors for applications ranging from material science to biotechnology. Using multiple sensors simultaneously offers advantages for probing spatiotemporal correlations of fluctuating fields or the dynamics of point defects. In this work, by integrating NVs with foundry silicon-nitride photonic integrated circuits, we reali… ▽ More Nitrogen-vacancy centres (NVs) are promising solid-state nanoscale quantum sensors for applications ranging from material science to biotechnology. Using multiple sensors simultaneously offers advantages for probing spatiotemporal correlations of fluctuating fields or the dynamics of point defects. In this work, by integrating NVs with foundry silicon-nitride photonic integrated circuits, we realise the scalable operation of eight localised NV sensors in an array, with simultaneous, distinct readout of the individual sensors. Using the eight NV sensors and machine-learning methods for multi-point magnetic field reconstruction, we demonstrate microscale magnetic localisation of a 30 $μ$m-sized needle tip. Experimentally, the needle tip can be localised with an error below its dimension and tracked dynamically with high fidelity. We further simulate the feasibility of our platform for monitoring the position and orientation of magnetic microrobots designed for biological and clinical purposes. Without the complexity of bulk optics, our photonic-integrated multi-sensor platform presents a step towards real-life biomedical applications under out-of-the-lab conditions. △ Less

Submitted 14 November, 2025; originally announced November 2025.

Comments: 13 pages, 5 figures

Hyperparametric solitons in nondegenerate optical parametric oscillators

Authors: Haizhong Weng, Xinru Ji, Mugahid Ali, Edward H. Krock, Lulin Wang, Vikash Kumar, Weihua Guo, Tobias J. Kippenberg, John F. Donegan, Dmitry V. Skryabin

Abstract: Dissipative solitons and their associated low-noise, chip-scale frequency combs hold great potential for applications in optical communications, spectroscopy, precision time-keeping, and beyond. These applications drive interest in shifting soliton spectra to frequency bands far detuned from the telecom's C-band pump sources. Recent demonstrations have utilized second-harmonic generation and degen… ▽ More Dissipative solitons and their associated low-noise, chip-scale frequency combs hold great potential for applications in optical communications, spectroscopy, precision time-keeping, and beyond. These applications drive interest in shifting soliton spectra to frequency bands far detuned from the telecom's C-band pump sources. Recent demonstrations have utilized second-harmonic generation and degenerate optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) to shift soliton combs away from the primary pump. However, these approaches lack the tunability offered by nondegenerate OPOs. This work presents a proof-of-principle demonstration of solitons in a silicon-nitride microresonator-based nondegenerate OPO system with engineered dispersion and optimized coupling rates. By pumping a relatively low-Q resonance in the C-band, we excite a signal soliton comb centred around a far-detuned, high-Q O-band resonance. This process also generates repetition-rate-locked combs at the pump and idler frequencies, with the latter occurring at a wavelength beyond 2$μ$m. We demonstrate that the solitons supported by this platform are distinct from other families of dissipative solitons and call them - hyperparametric solitons. They emerge when the narrow-band signal mode, phase-matched under negative pump detuning, reaches sufficient power to drive bistability in the parametric signal. We investigate the properties of hyperparametric solitons, including their parametrically generated background and multisoliton states, both experimentally and through theoretical modelling. △ Less

Submitted 16 July, 2025; v1 submitted 4 July, 2025; originally announced July 2025.

Comments: 12 pages; Supplemental Material files are not included due to large sizes (sign misprint in Methods is fixed in v2)

Crosstalk-mitigated microelectronic control for optically-active spins

Authors: Hao-Cheng Weng, John G. Rarity, Krishna C. Balram, Joe A. Smith

Abstract: To exploit the sub-nanometre dimensions of qubits for large-scale quantum information processing, corresponding control architectures require both energy and space efficiency, with the on-chip footprint of unit-cell electronics ideally micron-scale. However, the spin coherence of qubits in close packing is severely deteriorated by microwave crosstalk from neighbouring control sites. Here, we prese… ▽ More To exploit the sub-nanometre dimensions of qubits for large-scale quantum information processing, corresponding control architectures require both energy and space efficiency, with the on-chip footprint of unit-cell electronics ideally micron-scale. However, the spin coherence of qubits in close packing is severely deteriorated by microwave crosstalk from neighbouring control sites. Here, we present a crosstalk-mitigation scheme using foundry microelectronics, to address solid-state spins at sub-100 $μ$m spacing without the need for qubit-detuning. Using nitrogen-vacancy centres in nanodiamonds as qubit prototypes, we first demonstrate 10 MHz Rabi oscillation at milliwatts of microwave power. Implementing the active cancellation, we then prove that the crosstalk field from neighbouring lattice sites can be reduced to undetectable levels. We finally extend the scheme to show increased qubit control, or effectively, the spin coherence under crosstalk mitigation. Compatible with integrated optics, our results present a step towards scalable control across quantum platforms using silicon microelectronics. △ Less

Submitted 11 July, 2025; v1 submitted 5 April, 2024; originally announced April 2024.

Comments: 11 pages, 5 figures. Improved and updated experiments and analysis

Training-set-free two-stage deep learning for spectroscopic data de-noising

Authors: Dongchen Huang, Junde Liu, Tian Qian, Hongming Weng

Abstract: De-noising is a prominent step in the spectra post-processing procedure. Previous machine learning-based methods are fast but mostly based on supervised learning and require a training set that may be typically expensive in real experimental measurements. Unsupervised learning-based algorithms are slow and require many iterations to achieve convergence. Here, we bridge this gap by proposing a trai… ▽ More De-noising is a prominent step in the spectra post-processing procedure. Previous machine learning-based methods are fast but mostly based on supervised learning and require a training set that may be typically expensive in real experimental measurements. Unsupervised learning-based algorithms are slow and require many iterations to achieve convergence. Here, we bridge this gap by proposing a training-set-free two-stage deep learning method. We show that the fuzzy fixed input in previous methods can be improved by introducing an adaptive prior. Combined with more advanced optimization techniques, our approach can achieve five times acceleration compared to previous work. Theoretically, we study the landscape of a corresponding non-convex linear problem, and our results indicates that this problem has benign geometry for first-order algorithms to converge. △ Less

Submitted 5 March, 2024; v1 submitted 28 February, 2024; originally announced February 2024.

Excitonic Instability in Ta2Pd3Te5 Monolayer

Authors: Jingyu Yao, Haohao Sheng, Ruihan Zhang, Rongtian Pang, Jin-Jian Zhou, Quansheng Wu, Hongming Weng, Xi Dai, Zhong Fang, Zhijun Wang

Abstract: By systematic theoretical calculations, we have revealed an excitonic insulator (EI) in the Ta2Pd3Te5 monolayer. The bulk Ta2Pd3Te5 is a van der Waals (vdW) layered compound, whereas the vdW layer can be obtained through exfoliation or molecular-beam epitaxy. First-principles calculations show that the monolayer is a nearly zero-gap semiconductor with the modified Becke-Johnson functional. Due to… ▽ More By systematic theoretical calculations, we have revealed an excitonic insulator (EI) in the Ta2Pd3Te5 monolayer. The bulk Ta2Pd3Te5 is a van der Waals (vdW) layered compound, whereas the vdW layer can be obtained through exfoliation or molecular-beam epitaxy. First-principles calculations show that the monolayer is a nearly zero-gap semiconductor with the modified Becke-Johnson functional. Due to the same symmetry of the band-edge states, the two-dimensional polarization $α_{2D}$ would be finite as the band gap goes to zero, allowing for an EI state in the compound. Using the first-principles many-body perturbation theory, the GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation calculation reveals that the exciton binding energy is larger than the single-particle band gap, indicating the excitonic instability. The computed phonon spectrum suggests that the monolayer is dynamically stable without lattice distortion. Our findings suggest that the Ta2Pd3Te5 monolayer is an excitonic insulator without structural distortion. △ Less

Submitted 23 August, 2024; v1 submitted 2 January, 2024; originally announced January 2024.

Comments: 6 pages, 4 figures

Journal ref: Chinese Physics Letters 41, 097101 (2024)

Anisotropic magnetism and band evolution induced by ferromagnetic phase transition in titanium-based kagome ferromagnet SmTi3Bi4

Authors: Zhe Zheng, Long Chen, Xuecong Ji, Ying Zhou, Gexing Qu, Mingzhe Hu, Yaobo Huang, Hongming Weng, Tian Qian, Gang Wang

Abstract: Kagome magnets with diverse topological quantum responses are crucial for next-generation topological engineering. The anisotropic magnetism and band evolution induced by ferromagnetic phase transition (FMPT) is reported in a newly discovered titanium-based kagome ferromagnet S mTi3 Bi4, which features a distorted Ti kagome lattice and S m atomic zig-zag chains. Temperature-dependent resistivity,… ▽ More Kagome magnets with diverse topological quantum responses are crucial for next-generation topological engineering. The anisotropic magnetism and band evolution induced by ferromagnetic phase transition (FMPT) is reported in a newly discovered titanium-based kagome ferromagnet S mTi3 Bi4, which features a distorted Ti kagome lattice and S m atomic zig-zag chains. Temperature-dependent resistivity, heat capacity, and magnetic susceptibility reveal a ferromagnetic ordering temperature Tc of 23.2 K. A large magnetic anisotropy, observed by applying the magnetic field along three crystallographic axes, identifies the b axis as the easy axis. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with first-principles calculations unveils the characteristic kagome motif, including the Dirac point at the Fermi level and multiple van Hove singularities. Notably, a band splitting and gap closing attributed to FMPT is observed, originating from the exchange coupling between S m 4 f local moments and itinerant electrons of the kagome Ti atoms, as well as the time-reversal symmetry breaking induced by the long-range ferromagnetic order. Considering the large in-plane magnetization and the evolution of electronic structure under the influence of ferromagnetic ordering, such materials promise to be a new platform for exploring the intricate electronic properties and magnetic phases based on the kagome lattice. △ Less

Submitted 6 February, 2024; v1 submitted 28 August, 2023; originally announced August 2023.

Comments: Manuscript: 9 pages, 4 figures, Supporting information: 4 pages,6 figures, 4 tables

Journal ref: Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 67, 267411 (2024)

Tunable magnetism and electron correlation in Titanium-based Kagome metals RETi3Bi4 (RE = Yb, Pr, and Nd) by rare-earth engineering

Authors: Long Chen, Ying Zhou, He Zhang, Xuecong Ji, Ke Liao, Yu Ji, Ying Li, Zhongnan Guo, Xi Shen, Richeng Yu, Xiaohui Yu, Hongming Weng, Gang Wang

Abstract: Rare-earth engineering is an effective way to introduce and tune the magnetism in topological Kagome magnets, which has been acting as a fertile platform to investigate the quantum interactions between geometry, topology, spin, and correlation. Here we report the structure and properties of three newly discovered Titanium-based Kagome metals RETi3Bi4 (RE = Yb, Pr, and Nd) with various magnetic sta… ▽ More Rare-earth engineering is an effective way to introduce and tune the magnetism in topological Kagome magnets, which has been acting as a fertile platform to investigate the quantum interactions between geometry, topology, spin, and correlation. Here we report the structure and properties of three newly discovered Titanium-based Kagome metals RETi3Bi4 (RE = Yb, Pr, and Nd) with various magnetic states. They crystalize in the orthogonal space group Fmmm (No.69), where slightly distorted Ti Kagome lattice, RE triangular lattice, Bi honeycomb and triangular lattices stack along the a axis. By changing the rare earth atoms on RE zag-zig chains, the magnetism can be tuned from nonmagnetic YbTi3Bi4 to short-range ordered PrTi3Bi4 (Tanomaly ~ 8.2 K), and finally to ferromagnetic NdTi3Bi4 (Tc ~ 8.5 K). The measurements of resistivity and specific heat capacity demonstrate an evolution of electron correlation and density of states near the Fermi level with different rare earth atoms. In-situ resistance measurements of NdTi3Bi4 under high pressure further reveal a potential relationship between the electron correlation and ferromagnetic ordering temperature. These results highlight RETi3Bi4 as another family of topological Kagome magnets to explore nontrivial band topology and exotic phases in Kagome materials. △ Less

Submitted 6 July, 2023; originally announced July 2023.

Comments: Manuscript:17 pages, 5 figures; Supporting information:11 pages, 11 tables and 10 figures

Journal ref: Commun Mater 5, 73 (2024)

Basis-set-error-free RPA correlation energies for atoms based on the Sternheimer equation

Authors: Hao Peng, Sixian Yang, Hong Jiang, Hongming Weng, Xinguo Ren

Abstract: The finite basis set errors for all-electron random-phase approximation (RPA) correlation energy calculations are analyzed for isolated atomic systems. We show that, within the resolution-of-identity (RI) RPA framework, the major source of the basis set errors is the incompleteness of the single-particle atomic orbitals used to expand the Kohn-Sham eigenstates, instead of the auxiliary basis set (… ▽ More The finite basis set errors for all-electron random-phase approximation (RPA) correlation energy calculations are analyzed for isolated atomic systems. We show that, within the resolution-of-identity (RI) RPA framework, the major source of the basis set errors is the incompleteness of the single-particle atomic orbitals used to expand the Kohn-Sham eigenstates, instead of the auxiliary basis set (ABS) to represent the density response function $χ^0$ and the bare Coulomb operator $v$. By solving the Sternheimer equation for the first-order wave function on a dense radial grid, we are able to eliminate the major error -- the incompleteness error of the single-particle atomic basis set -- for atomic RPA calculations. The error stemming from a finite ABS can be readily rendered vanishingly small by increasing the size of the ABS, or by iteratively determining the eigenmodes of the $χ^0 v$ operator. The variational property of the RI-RPA correlation energy can be further exploited to optimize the ABS in order to achieve a fast convergence of the RI-RPA correlation energy. These numerical techniques enable us to obtain basis-set-error-free RPA correlation energies for atoms, and in this work such energies for atoms from H to Kr are presented. The implications of the numerical techniques developed in the present work for addressing the basis set issue for molecules and solids are discussed. △ Less

Submitted 19 June, 2023; originally announced June 2023.

Comments: 46 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

Heterogeneous integration of solid state quantum systems with a foundry photonics platform

Authors: Hao-Cheng Weng, Jorge Monroy-Ruz, Jonathan C. F. Matthews, John G. Rarity, Krishna C. Balram, Joe A. Smith

Abstract: Diamond colour centres are promising optically-addressable solid state spins that can be matter-qubits, mediate deterministic interaction between photons and act as single photon emitters. Useful quantum computers will comprise millions of logical qubits. To become useful in constructing quantum computers, spin-photon interfaces must therefore become scalable and be compatible with mass-manufactur… ▽ More Diamond colour centres are promising optically-addressable solid state spins that can be matter-qubits, mediate deterministic interaction between photons and act as single photon emitters. Useful quantum computers will comprise millions of logical qubits. To become useful in constructing quantum computers, spin-photon interfaces must therefore become scalable and be compatible with mass-manufacturable photonics and electronics. Here we demonstrate heterogeneous integration of NV centres in nanodiamond with low-fluorescence silicon nitride photonics from a standard 180 nm CMOS foundry process. Nanodiamonds are positioned over pre-defined sites in a regular array on a waveguide, in a single post-processing step. Using an array of optical fibres, we excite NV centres selectively from an array of six integrated nanodiamond sites, and collect the photoluminescence (PL) in each case into waveguide circuitry on-chip. We verify single photon emission by an on-chip Hanbury Brown and Twiss cross-correlation measurement, which is a key characterisation experiment otherwise typically performed routinely with discrete optics. Our work opens up a simple and effective route to simultaneously address large arrays of individual optically-active spins at scale, without requiring discrete bulk optical setups. This is enabled by the heterogeneous integration of NV centre nanodiamonds with CMOS photonics. △ Less

Submitted 20 April, 2023; originally announced April 2023.

Comments: 8 pages, 4 figures, and supplementary material

Journal ref: ACS Photonics 2023, 10, 9, 3302-3309

On the Theory of Solid-State Harmonic Generation Governed by Crystal Symmetry

Authors: Chen Qian, Shicheng Jiang, Tong Wu, Hongming Weng, Chao Yu, Ruifeng Lu

Abstract: The solid-state harmonic generation (SSHG) derives from photocurrent coherence. The crystal symmetry, including point-group symmetry and time-reversal symmetry, constrains the amplitude and phase of the photocurrent, thus manipulates the coherent processes in SSHG. We revisit the expression of photocurrent under the electric dipole approximation and give an unambiguous picture of non-equilibrium d… ▽ More The solid-state harmonic generation (SSHG) derives from photocurrent coherence. The crystal symmetry, including point-group symmetry and time-reversal symmetry, constrains the amplitude and phase of the photocurrent, thus manipulates the coherent processes in SSHG. We revisit the expression of photocurrent under the electric dipole approximation and give an unambiguous picture of non-equilibrium dynamics of photocarriers on laser-dressed effective bands. In addition to the dynamical phase, we reveal the indispensable roles of the phase difference of transition dipole moments and the phase induced by shift vector in the photocurrent coherence. Microscopic mechanism of the selection rule, orientation dependence, polarization characteristics, time-frequency analysis and ellipticity dependence of harmonics governed by symmetries is uniformly clarified in our theoretical framework. This work integrates non-equilibrium electronic dynamics of condensed matter in strong laser fields, and paves a way to explore more nonlinear optical phenomena governed by crystal symmetry. △ Less

Submitted 16 January, 2024; v1 submitted 20 April, 2023; originally announced April 2023.

Comments: 13 pages,5 figures

Where to find lossless metals?

Authors: Xiaolei Hu, Zhengran Wu, Zhilin Li, Qiunan Xu, Kun Chen, Kui Jin, Hongming Weng, Ling Lu

Abstract: Hypothetical metals having optical absorption losses as low as those of the transparent insulators, if found, could revolutionize optoelectronics. We perform the first high-throughput search for lossless metals among all known inorganic materials in the databases of over 100,000 entries. The 381 candidates are identified -- having well-isolated partially-filled bands -- and are analyzed by definin… ▽ More Hypothetical metals having optical absorption losses as low as those of the transparent insulators, if found, could revolutionize optoelectronics. We perform the first high-throughput search for lossless metals among all known inorganic materials in the databases of over 100,000 entries. The 381 candidates are identified -- having well-isolated partially-filled bands -- and are analyzed by defining the figures of merit and classifying their real-space conductive connectivity. The existing experimental evidence of most candidates being insulating, instead of conducting, is due to the limitation of current density functional theory in predicting narrow-band metals that are unstable against magnetism, structural distortion, or electron-electron interactions. We propose future research directions including conductive oxides, intercalating layered materials, and compressing these false-metal candidates under high pressures into eventual lossless metals. △ Less

Submitted 8 April, 2022; v1 submitted 7 April, 2022; originally announced April 2022.

Comments: 36 pages, 86 figures, 3 table

Journal ref: PhysRevMaterials. 6.065203 (2022)

Suppression of Brillouin oscillation in transparent free-standing diamond thin films in picosecond ultrasound

Authors: Hsu Kai Weng, Akira Nagakubo, Hideyuki Watanabe, Hirotsugu Ogi

Abstract: Brillouin oscillation appears in picosecond ultrasonics for a transparent specimen because of backward light scattering by moving strain pulse. Its amplitude is comparable with those of other responses, such as pulse-echo signals and through-thickness resonance, obscuring these non-Brillouin-oscillation responses. We here find that Brillouin oscillation can be suppressed in a transparent free-stan… ▽ More Brillouin oscillation appears in picosecond ultrasonics for a transparent specimen because of backward light scattering by moving strain pulse. Its amplitude is comparable with those of other responses, such as pulse-echo signals and through-thickness resonance, obscuring these non-Brillouin-oscillation responses. We here find that Brillouin oscillation can be suppressed in a transparent free-standing film by coating both sides with metallic thin film of appropriate thickness and that this peculiar behavior is caused by strain pulses generated on both sides with a slight phase difference. This phenomenon allowed us to fabricate a Brillouin-oscillation-free diamond free-standing film, which showed high capability for sensor applications. △ Less

Submitted 10 March, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Dual-mode microresonators as straightforward access to octave-spanning dissipative Kerr solitons

Authors: Haizhong Weng, Adnan Ali Afridi, Jing Li, Michael McDermott, Huilan Tu, Liam P. Barry, Qiaoyin Lu, Weihua Guo, John F. Donegan

Abstract: The Kerr soliton frequency comb is a revolutionary compact ruler of coherent light that allows applications, from precision metrology to quantum information technology. The universal, reliable, and low-cost soliton microcomb source is key to these applications. In this work, we thoroughly present an innovative design strategy for realizing optical microresonators with two adjacent modes, separated… ▽ More The Kerr soliton frequency comb is a revolutionary compact ruler of coherent light that allows applications, from precision metrology to quantum information technology. The universal, reliable, and low-cost soliton microcomb source is key to these applications. In this work, we thoroughly present an innovative design strategy for realizing optical microresonators with two adjacent modes, separated by approximately 10 GHz, which stabilizes soliton formation without using additional auxiliary laser or RF components. We demonstrate the deterministic generation of the single-solitons that span 1.5-octaves, i.e., near 200 THz, via adiabatic pump wavelength tuning. The ultra-wide soliton existence ranges up to 17 GHz not only suggests the robustness of the system but will also extend the applications of soliton combs. Moreover, the proposed scheme is found to easily give rise to multi-solitons as well as the soliton crystals featuring enhanced repetition rate (2 and 3 THz) and conversion efficiency greater than 10%. We also show the effective thermal tuning of mode separation for stably accessing single-soliton. Our results are crucial for the chip-scale self-referenced frequency combs with a simplified configuration. △ Less

Submitted 20 February, 2022; originally announced February 2022.

Comments: 9 pages, 5 figures, with 3 pages supplementary material

Lattice thermal conductivity in isotope diamond asymmetric superlattices

Authors: Hsu Kai Weng, Akira Nagakubo, Hideyuki Watanabe, Hirotsugu Ogi

Abstract: We study lattice thermal conductivity of isotope diamond superlattices consisting of 12C and 13C diamond layers at various superlattice periods. It is found that the thermal conductivity of a superlattice is significantly deduced from that of pure diamond because of the reduction of the phonon group velocity near the folded Brillouin zone. The results show that asymmetric superlattices with differ… ▽ More We study lattice thermal conductivity of isotope diamond superlattices consisting of 12C and 13C diamond layers at various superlattice periods. It is found that the thermal conductivity of a superlattice is significantly deduced from that of pure diamond because of the reduction of the phonon group velocity near the folded Brillouin zone. The results show that asymmetric superlattices with different number of layers of 12C and 13C diamonds exhibit higher thermal conductivity than symmetric superlattices even with the same superlattice period, and we find that this can be explained by the trade-off between the effects of phonon specific heat and phonon group velocity. Furthermore, impurities and imperfect superlattice structures are also found to significantly reduce the thermal conductivity, suggesting that these effects can be exploited to control the thermal conductivity over a wide range. △ Less

Submitted 14 December, 2021; originally announced December 2021.

The Role of Shift Vector in High-Harmonic Generation from Non-Centrosymmetric Topological Insulators under Strong Laser Fields

Authors: Chen Qian, Chao Yu, Shicheng Jiang, Tan Zhang, Jiacheng Gao, Shang Shi, Hanqi Pi, Hongming Weng, Ruifeng Lu

Abstract: As a promising avenue to obtain new extreme ultraviolet light source and detect electronic properties, high-harmonic generation (HHG) has been actively developed in both theory and experiment. In solids lacking inversion symmetry, when electrons undergo a nonadiabatic transition, a directional charge shift occurs and is characterized by shift vector, which measures the real-space shift of the phot… ▽ More As a promising avenue to obtain new extreme ultraviolet light source and detect electronic properties, high-harmonic generation (HHG) has been actively developed in both theory and experiment. In solids lacking inversion symmetry, when electrons undergo a nonadiabatic transition, a directional charge shift occurs and is characterized by shift vector, which measures the real-space shift of the photoexcited electron and hole. For the first time, we have revealed that shift vector plays prominent roles in the real-space tunneling mechanism of three-step model for electrons under strong laser fields. Since shift vector is determined by the topological properties of related wave functions, we expect HHG with its contribution can provide direct knowledge on the band topology in noncentrosymmetric topological insulators (TIs). In both Kane-Mele model and realistic material BiTeI, we have found that the shift vector reverses when band inversion happens during the topological phase transition between normal and topological insulators. Under oscillating strong laser fields, the reversal of shift vector leads to completely opposite radiation time of high-order harmonics. This makes HHG a feasible all-optical strong-field method to directly identify the band inversion in non-centrosymmetric TIs. △ Less

Submitted 3 January, 2022; v1 submitted 27 June, 2021; originally announced June 2021.

Comments: 25 pages, 12 figures

Journal ref: Physical Review X 12, 021030 (2022)

Near octave-spanning perfect soliton crystals in AlN microresonators

Authors: Haizhong Weng, Adnan Ali Afridi, Jia Liu, Jing Li, Jiangnan Dai, Xiang Ma, Yi Zhang, Qiaoyin Lu, Weihua Guo, John F. Donegan

Abstract: The perfect soliton crystal (PSC) was recently discovered as an extraordinary Kerr soliton state with regularly distributed soliton pulses and enhanced comb line power spaced by multiples of the cavity free spectral ranges (FSRs). The modulation of continuous-wave excitation in optical microresonators and the tunable repetition rate characteristic will significantly enhance and extend the applicat… ▽ More The perfect soliton crystal (PSC) was recently discovered as an extraordinary Kerr soliton state with regularly distributed soliton pulses and enhanced comb line power spaced by multiples of the cavity free spectral ranges (FSRs). The modulation of continuous-wave excitation in optical microresonators and the tunable repetition rate characteristic will significantly enhance and extend the application potential of soliton microcombs for self-referencing comb source, terahertz wave generation, and arbitrary waveform generation. However, the reported PSC spectrum is generally narrow. Here, we demonstrate the deterministic accessing of versatile perfect soliton crystals in the AlN microresonators (FSR ~374 GHz), featuring a broad spectral range up to 0.96 of an octave-span (1170-2300 nm) and terahertz repetition rates (up to ~1.87 THz). The measured 60-fs short pulses and low-noise characteristics confirms the high coherence of the PSCs △ Less

Submitted 20 February, 2021; originally announced February 2021.

Comments: 4 pages, 4 figures

Journal ref: Opt. Lett. 46, 3436-3439 (2021)

Directly accessing octave-spanning dissipative Kerr soliton frequency combs in an AlN microring resonator

Authors: Haizhong Weng, Jia Liu, Adnan Ali Afridi, Jing Li, Jiangnan Dai, Xiang Ma, Yi Zhang, Qiaoyin Lu, John F. Donegan, Weihua Guo

Abstract: Self-referenced dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) based on optical microresonators offer prominent characteristics including miniaturization, low power consumption, broad spectral range and inherent coherence for various applications such as precision measurement, communications, microwave photonics, and astronomical spectrometer calibration. To date, octave-spanning DKSs with a free spectral range… ▽ More Self-referenced dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) based on optical microresonators offer prominent characteristics including miniaturization, low power consumption, broad spectral range and inherent coherence for various applications such as precision measurement, communications, microwave photonics, and astronomical spectrometer calibration. To date, octave-spanning DKSs with a free spectral range (FSR) of ~1 THz have been achieved only in ultrahigh-Q silicon nitride microresonators, with elaborate wavelength control required. Here we demonstrate an octave-spanning DKS in an aluminium nitride (AlN) microresonator with moderate loaded Q (500,000) and FSR of 374 GHz. In the design, a TE00 mode and a TE10 mode are nearly degenerate and act as pump and auxiliary modes. The presence of the auxiliary resonance balances the thermal dragging effect in dissipative soliton comb formation, crucially simplifying the DKS generation with a single pump and leading to a wide single soliton access window. We experimentally demonstrate stable DKS operation with a record single soliton step (~80 pm) and octave-spanning bandwidth (1100-2300 nm) through adiabatic pump tuning and on-chip power of 340 mW. Our scheme also allows for direct creation of the DKS state with high probability and without elaborate wavelength or power schemes being required to stabilize the soliton behavior. △ Less

Submitted 20 December, 2020; originally announced December 2020.

Comments: 12 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, 5 pages supplementary with 4 figures

Journal ref: Photon. Res. 9, 1351-1357 (2021)

Topological electronic structure in the antiferromagnet HoSbTe

Authors: Shaosheng Yue, Yuting Qian, Meng Yang, Daiyu Geng, Changjiang Yi, Shiv Kumar, Kenya Shimada, Peng Cheng, Lan Chen, Zhijun Wang, Hongming Weng, Youguo Shi, Kehui Wu, Baojie Feng

Abstract: Magnetic topological materials, in which the time-reversal symmetry is broken, host various exotic quantum phenomena, including the quantum anomalous Hall effect, axion insulator states, and Majorana fermions. The study of magnetic topological materials is at the forefront of condensed matter physics. Recently, a variety of magnetic topological materials have been reported, such as Mn$_3$Sn, Co… ▽ More Magnetic topological materials, in which the time-reversal symmetry is broken, host various exotic quantum phenomena, including the quantum anomalous Hall effect, axion insulator states, and Majorana fermions. The study of magnetic topological materials is at the forefront of condensed matter physics. Recently, a variety of magnetic topological materials have been reported, such as Mn$_3$Sn, Co$_3$Sn$_2$S$_2$, Fe$_3$Sn$_2$, and MnBi$_2$Te$_4$. Here, we report the observation of a topological electronic structure in an antiferromagnet, HoSbTe, a member of the ZrSiS family of materials, by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements and first-principles calculations. We demonstrate that HoSbTe is a Dirac nodal line semimetal when spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is neglected. However, our theoretical calculations show that the strong SOC in HoSbTe fully gaps out the nodal lines and drives the system to a weak topological insulator state, with each layer being a two-dimensional topological insulator. Because of the strong SOC in HoSbTe, the gap is as large as hundreds of meV along specific directions, which is directly observed by our ARPES measurements. The existence of magnetic order and topological properties in HoSbTe makes it a promising material for realization of exotic quantum devices. △ Less

Submitted 7 October, 2020; originally announced October 2020.

Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. B 102, 155109 (2020)

Chiral terahertz wave emission from the Weyl semimetal TaAs

Authors: Y. Gao, Y. Qin, Sahal Kaushik, Evan J. Philip, Y. P. Liu, Y. L. Su, X. Chen, Z. Li, H. Weng, Dmitri E. Kharzeev, M. K. Liu, J. Qi

Abstract: As a fascinating topological phase of matter, Weyl semimetals host chiral fermions with distinct chiralities and spin textures. Optical excitations involving those chiral fermions can induce exotic carrier responses, and in turn lead to novel optical phenomena. Here, we discover strong coherent chiral terahertz emission from the Weyl semimetal TaAs and demonstrate unprecedented manipulation over i… ▽ More As a fascinating topological phase of matter, Weyl semimetals host chiral fermions with distinct chiralities and spin textures. Optical excitations involving those chiral fermions can induce exotic carrier responses, and in turn lead to novel optical phenomena. Here, we discover strong coherent chiral terahertz emission from the Weyl semimetal TaAs and demonstrate unprecedented manipulation over its polarization on a femtosecond timescale. Such polarization control is achieved via the colossal ultrafast photocurrents in TaAs arising from the circular or linear photogalvanic effect. We unravel that the chiral ultrafast photocurrents are attributed to the large band velocity changes when the Weyl fermions are excited from the Weyl bands to the high-lying bands. The photocurrent generation is maximized at near-IR frequency range close to 1.5 eV. Our findings provide an entirely new design concept for creating chiral photon sources using quantum materials and open up new opportunities for developing ultrafast opto-electronics using Weyl physics. △ Less

Submitted 19 June, 2019; v1 submitted 4 January, 2019; originally announced January 2019.

Journal ref: Nat. Commun. 11, 720 (2020)

Two-dimensional spin-valley-coupled Dirac semimetals in functionalized SbAs monolayers

Authors: Zhifeng Liu, Wangxiang Feng, Hongli Xin, Yinlu Gao, Pengfei Liu, Yugui Yao, Hongming Weng, Jijun Zhao

Abstract: In the presence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC), achieving both spin and valley polarized Dirac state is significant to promote the fantastic integration of Dirac physics, spintronics and valleytronics. Based on ab initio calculations, here we demonstrate that a class of spin-valley-coupled Dirac semimetals (svc-DSMs) in the functionalized SbAs monolayers (MLs) can host such desired state. Distinguis… ▽ More In the presence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC), achieving both spin and valley polarized Dirac state is significant to promote the fantastic integration of Dirac physics, spintronics and valleytronics. Based on ab initio calculations, here we demonstrate that a class of spin-valley-coupled Dirac semimetals (svc-DSMs) in the functionalized SbAs monolayers (MLs) can host such desired state. Distinguished from the graphene-like 2D Dirac materials, the Dirac cones in svc-DSMs hold giant spin-splitting induced by strong SOC under inversion symmetry breaking. In the 2.3% strained SbAsH2 ML, the Dirac fermions in inequivalent valleys have opposite Berry curvature and spin moment, giving rise to Dirac spin-valley Hall effect with constant spin Hall conductivity as well as massless and dissipationless transport. Topological analysis reveals that the svc-DSM emerges at the boundary between trivial and 2D topological insulators, which provides a promising platform for realizing the flexible and controllable tuning among different quantum states. △ Less

Submitted 3 December, 2018; originally announced December 2018.

Predicting Dirac semimetals based on Sodium Ternary Compounds

Authors: Bo Peng, Changming Yue, Hao Zhang, Zhong Fang, Hongming Weng

Abstract: Predicting a new Dirac semimetal (DSM), as well as other topological materials, is quite challenging, since the relationship between crystal structure, composing atoms and the band topology is complex and elusive. Here, we demonstrate an approach to design DSMs via exploring the chemical degree of freedom. Based on the understanding of the well-known DSM Na$_3$Bi, three compounds in one family, na… ▽ More Predicting a new Dirac semimetal (DSM), as well as other topological materials, is quite challenging, since the relationship between crystal structure, composing atoms and the band topology is complex and elusive. Here, we demonstrate an approach to design DSMs via exploring the chemical degree of freedom. Based on the understanding of the well-known DSM Na$_3$Bi, three compounds in one family, namely Na$_2$MgSn, Na$_2$MgPb and Na$_2$CdSn, have been exactly located. Further hybrid-functional calculations with improved estimation of band inversion show that two of them, Na$_2$MgPb and Na$_2$CdSn, have band topology of DSMs. The nontrivial surface states with Fermi arcs on the (010) and (100) side surfaces are shown to connect the projection of bulk Dirac nodes. Most importantly, the candidate compounds are dynamically stable and have been experimentally synthesized. The ideas in this work would stimulate more designs on locating topological materials based on the understanding of existing ones. △ Less

Submitted 28 February, 2019; v1 submitted 3 July, 2018; originally announced July 2018.

Comments: 14 pages, 4 figures

Journal ref: npj Computational Materialsvolume 4, Article number: 68 (2018)

Deformed square resonator lasers for optical frequency comb generation

Authors: Hai-Zhong Weng, Yong-Zhen Huang, Yue-De Yang, Xiu-Wen Ma, Jin-Long Xiao, Yun Du

Abstract: Deformed square resonators with the flat sides replaced by circular sides are proposed and demonstrated to enhance mode Q factors and adjust transverse mode intervals using the regular ray dynamic analysis and numerical simulations. Dual-transverse-mode emissions due to the ultrahigh-Q factors with different wavelength intervals are realized experimentally for AlGaInAs/InP circular-side square mic… ▽ More Deformed square resonators with the flat sides replaced by circular sides are proposed and demonstrated to enhance mode Q factors and adjust transverse mode intervals using the regular ray dynamic analysis and numerical simulations. Dual-transverse-mode emissions due to the ultrahigh-Q factors with different wavelength intervals are realized experimentally for AlGaInAs/InP circular-side square microlasers, and the stationary condition of the dual-mode emission is satisfied because the high-Q confined modes have totally different mode numbers. Furthermore, optical frequency combs are generated using the dual-mode lasing microlaser as a seeding light source by cascaded four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear optical fiber. △ Less

Submitted 3 May, 2016; v1 submitted 2 December, 2015; originally announced December 2015.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. A 95, 013833 (2017)

Resilience of human brain functional coactivation networks under thresholding

Authors: S. Sarkar, S. Chawla, H. Weng

Abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of community structure and rich club nodes, (i.e., highly interconnected, high degree hub nodes), in human brain functional networks. The cognitive relevance of the detected modules and hubs has also been demonstrated, for both task based and default mode networks, suggesting that the brain self-organizes into patterns of co-activated sets of regions… ▽ More Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of community structure and rich club nodes, (i.e., highly interconnected, high degree hub nodes), in human brain functional networks. The cognitive relevance of the detected modules and hubs has also been demonstrated, for both task based and default mode networks, suggesting that the brain self-organizes into patterns of co-activated sets of regions for performing specific tasks or in resting state. In this paper, we report studies on the resilience or robustness of this modular structure: under systematic erosion of connectivity in the network under thresholding, how resilient is the modularity and hub structure? The results show that the network shows show strong resilience properties, with the modularity and hub structure maintaining itself over a large range of connection strengths. Then, at a certain critical threshold that falls very close to 0, the connectivity, the modularity, and hub structure suddenly break down, showing a phase transition like property. Additionally, the spatial and topological organization of erosion of connectivity at all levels was found to be homogenous rather than heterogenous; i.e., no "structural holes" of any significant sizes were found, and no gradual increases in numbers of components were detected. Any loss of connectivity is homogenously spread out across the network. The results suggest that human task-based functional brain networks are very resilient, where the whole network structure fails only when connectivity is almost fully removed from the network. The findings may help further the understanding of dynamics of and relationships between structural and functional brain networks. △ Less

Submitted 6 July, 2014; originally announced July 2014.

Comments: 8 pages