Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the practice and peculiarities of organization and development of biotechnology industries in the world, to identify common features of the economy of the industry enterprises, to determine the main trends of the world biotechnology market. Methodology of research. Theoretical and methodological principles of the article are based on the fundamental provisions of modern economic science. The following methods were used in the process of the research: theoretical generalization and scientific abstraction - (...) when studying the basic concepts and categories of the study; method of system analysis - when forming the methodological base of the study; method of comparative analysis - when identifying regional and temporal patterns of development of biotechnology; tabular and graphical - for visual representation of the dynamics and structure of the analyzed indicators; generalization - to substantiate the conclusions. Findings. The features of economics and organization of biotechnology industries are considered, with an emphasis on the most exemplary international experience. The biotechnology is considered as a branch including many specific enterprises which have common features in the organization of the production and management process. Specific and common characteristics of biotechnology industries are highlighted with respect to the organization of management, the technologies used in management, attracting investment and the implementation of the whole range of business processes. Originality. Studies of the trends in the development of biotechnologies worldwide have been further developed. Future research will focus on the potential for biotechnology development in Ukraine. Practical value. Determination of global trends in biotechnology production can serve as prerequisites for the development of biotechnology in Ukraine. (shrink)

Information is usually treated as something we use to describe the physical world. In modern physics, however, there is growing evidence that information itself behaves like a physical resource, subject to the same laws that govern energy, heat, and matter. This paper develops that perspective through a concrete experimental proposal we call Quantum Maxwell Demon Arrays (QMDA)—systems that use measurement and feedback at the quantum scale to convert information about a system into controlled physical work. -/- Building on established results (...) such as the Landauer bound and the Szilard engine, we show that information acquired through measurement can be converted into usable free energy, provided that its physical costs and constraints are properly accounted for. In QMDA, measurements are not passive observations but active physical interactions whose outcomes can be stored, processed, and exploited thermodynamically. Organized into arrays, these measurement–feedback units act collectively, allowing information flow itself to shape energy extraction, entropy production, and system control. -/- We demonstrate how QMDA can serve as experimental probes of information thermodynamics, enabling direct tests of how information constrains and enables physical processes in quantum regimes. This framework clarifies the status of measurement as a physical operation rather than a subjective act of interpretation, and it suggests new pathways toward ultra-efficient computation, precision sensing, and energy management within known thermodynamic limits. -/- More broadly, this work supports the view that information is not merely a bookkeeping device for observers, but a fundamental ingredient of physical dynamics—one that can be quantified, manipulated, and transformed into free energy under well-defined physical rules. (shrink)

Existing social disparities in the United States are inconsistent with the promise of democracy; therefore, there was a need for critical conceptualization of the first principles that undergird American democracy and the genesis of democratic social change in America. This constructivist grounded theory study aimed to construct a grounded theory that provides an understanding of the process of American democratic social change as it emerged from the nation’s founding documents. A post hoc polytheoretical framework including Foucault’s, Bourdieu’s, and Marx and (...) Engels’s theories of power was used to understand power dynamics. The research question focused on understanding the process of democratic social change in America. The sample comprised the Articles of Confederation, the U.S. Declaration of Independence, The Federalist Papers, and the U.S. Constitution. The documents were retrieved from the National Archives and Library of Congress. The data analysis plan incorporated successive comparison, situational and dramaturgical analysis, deconstruction, and perspective taking as strategies. The result was the construction of a democratic social change process theory preceded by five grounded theories: (a) first principles of democracy, (b) first principles of democracy conceptual framework, (c) socio-ethical principles of democracy, (d) demoralizing process, and (e) either-or approach to democracy. Positive social change implications include applying a democratic social change process to future social change endeavors across domains and levels of analysis, a normative framework for a republican form of government, and a tool to analyze and minimize the latent consequences of social justice policies. (shrink)

Recent work in neuroscience and artificial intelligence has revived an old philosophical question in a new form: is the brain best understood as a system that constantly predicts its sensory input, or does cognition involve something more than prediction? Predictive processing theories describe the brain as a mechanism that minimizes prediction error and have been highly successful in explaining perception, action, and learning. This paper argues that, while prediction plays an important role in how brains function, it cannot by itself (...) explain understanding, meaning, or rational thought. The problem is not that predictive models are wrong, but that they are often asked to do too much philosophical work. Drawing on ideas from embodied cognition and interpretation, the paper shows why successful prediction does not amount to genuine understanding. Contemporary artificial intelligence systems are used as a test case: despite their impressive predictive abilities, they illustrate how behavior can be effective without being meaningful in the relevant sense. The paper proposes that cognition must be explained at more than one level, combining neural processes, bodily engagement with the world, and participation in norm-governed practices. On this view, the mind–body problem is not about mysterious mental substances, but about how different kinds of explanation fit together. (shrink)

This paper defends a reading of Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics in the Lectures on the Foundation of Mathematics as a radical conventionalist one, whereby our agreement about the particular case is constitutive of our mathematical practice and ‘the logical necessity of any statement is a direct expression of a convention’ (Dummett 1959, p. 329). On this view, mathematical truths are conceptual truths and our practices determine directly for each mathematical proposition individually whether it is true or false. Mathematical truths are (...) thus not consequences of a prior adoption of a convention or rules as orthodox conventionalism has it. The goal of the paper is not merely exegetical, however, and argues that radical conventionalism can withstand some of the most difficult objections that have been brought forward against it, including those of Dummett himself, and thus that radical conventionalism has been prematurely excluded from consideration by philosophers of mathematics. (shrink)

Contemporary cognitive science offers limited conceptual tools for describing systematic variation in how individuals maintain coherence under conditions of high informational load. While existing models address attention, working memory, predictive processing, and cognitive style, they do not adequately capture deeper structural differences in how minds compress, integrate, and stabilize representations of reality. This paper proposes a conceptual framework of cognitive compression styles: distinct information-processing architectures that organize perception, meaning-making, and coherence through different compression strategies. The framework identifies seven compression styles. (...) Pattern-sensitive, associative, immersive, sequential, narrative, social-reflective, and integrative. Examining how each exhibits characteristic failure modes under conditions of environmental overload, optimization pressure, and constraint loss. The model is descriptive rather than diagnostic and is intended as a theoretical lens for understanding differential cognitive stability in contemporary high-noise digital environments. (shrink)

This paper investigates whether there exists a true proposition that is unprovable not merely within any given formal system, but across all conceivable formal and meta-formal systems—including those idealized as possessing unlimited cognitive or inferential power, such as a classical omniscient deity. Building on the structural cores of Gödel’s incompleteness theorems and Tarski’s undefinability of truth, and engaging with contemporary work on the absolute limits of formalization and reflection, I argue for the existence of a class of truths that are (...) necessarily unprovable in principle. Crucially, this unprovability does not stem from contingent finitude, epistemic ignorance, or computational weakness, but follows from ineluctable, constitutive constraints on the very notion of proof as a finite, surveyable object of reason. I demonstrate that any system capable of sufficient self-reference cannot consistently contain a complete, sound proof predicate for its own language. This result iterates through all plausible meta-systematic strengthenings. Consequently, the concept of “proof” cannot be globally closed under truth—even under maximal idealization. This yields a non-theological but metaphysically robust sense in which there are truths that no agent, divine or otherwise, could prove as proofs. Omniscience, understood as knowledge of all truths, remains logically coherent, but omniproofability—the capacity to furnish a proof for every known truth within a single, consistent proof-system—is shown to be incoherent. The final unprovable truth is the necessary excess of truth over provability itself. (shrink)

Representational and embodied approaches to cognitive science are often presented in opposition to one another, with Merleau-Ponty serving as a historical precursor to embodied approaches. We argue that the two approaches are compatible and complementary, and that both can be used to interpret Merleau-Ponty's (and Husserl's) work. To support our arguments, we describe two forms of representation associated with two distinct processes. Motor intentionality is a process of direct embodied interaction (reflexes, habits, skilled behaviors) which use mediating representations to bind (...) sensory information together and guide behavior. These internal states reliably indicate specific stimuli (even if just during a transient episode), are associated with a determinate phenomenal character (a “typical physiognomy”), and correspond to what Husserl describes as passive synthesis. Higher-level processes like reasoning make use of more explicit representations (what Husserl calls active processes), which are associated with focused attention and “explicated” propositional contents. The two kinds of process can occur independently, but are often fully woven together, as for example when a friend makes explicit suggestions while the two of you cook. We also discuss Merleau-Ponty’s famous Schneider case, which makes vivid what happens when both types of processes (motor intentionality and high-level reasoning; passive and active synthesis) are intact, but when some explicit representations are damaged. A certain stratum of virtual or projected space is lost, and so a certain kind of abstractly guided behavior is unavailable to him. (shrink)

摘要 中国思想史上长期存在心物混淆与方法错位两大根本困境，儒释道三家围绕心物关 系、心性修养、认知路径、经世实践展开的千年争论，本质上并非价值立场之争，而 是存在层次划分不清、本体边界模糊、实践方法跨界误用所导致的系统性理论偏差。 本文立足《易经》《道德经》《礼记》《中庸》等中国传统原典文本的本义阐释，系统提 出一源多元论、玄弦论与各归其正三层递进、逻辑自洽的原创思想架构，从本体论、 心性论、方法论三个维度对中国哲学核心难题进行根本性厘清与重构。 第一层，一源多元论确立终极本体：“一源” 作为不可言说、不可概念化、不可对象化 的终极生成之源，超越时空与非时空、物质与精神的一切二元对立，仅以 “生生” 本然 状态自然流露出三大彼此独立、互不统摄、同源并行的存在界域 —— 超时空的心之 本体、有时空的有情生命现象界、有时空的无情物质自然界。三者同源而不混、并列 而不隔、各成体系而不相替代。 第二层，玄弦论揭示心性本体的内在运作机制：心之本体的本然寂静状态为 “玄”，玄 中蕴含的灵动潜能发生超时空振动为 “弦”，弦与肉身生命系统形成 “同声相应、同气 相求” 式非因果相感关系，由此生成情绪、心念、意识、感受等全部有情世界现象。 修心的本质，并非向外求索、改造外物、压抑心念，而是让躁动之弦复归玄之本然寂 静。 同时本文严格厘清三种 “感” 的本质边界：心能感物（主动认知、科学成立）、物不感 心（客观独立、不可改变）、心与心相感（伦理相通、修行成立），补全《易经》“感而 遂通” 与 “万物之灵” 的终极哲学依据。 第三层，各归其正作为贯穿全体系的方法论总纲，要求一切实践活动必须恪守存在边 界：心性修养归依玄弦论的内省观照之路，物理世界研究归依科学实证之路，政治实 践归依制度与治理规律之路，文化传承归依考据、文献与逻辑之路，各领域互不统 摄、互不替代、互不跨界误用。 本文以该体系重新解读王阳明格竹、释迦牟尼苦行、孔子周游列国、朱熹注经修心等 思想史经典公案，证明一切实践失败的根源均为方法错位，而一切有效实践均遵循各 归其正的根本原则。本体系植根中国经典、逻辑严密、结构完整，既能够终结中国哲 学史上持续千年的心物之争，也能够为当代中国哲学自主知识体系建构提供原创性、 融通性、可对话、可验证的理论资源。.

Resumo A bovinocultura de corte atualmente no Brasil é fundamental para o PIB, e dessa forma para que o ciclo da pecuária se torne completo e cada vez mais eficiente o início da maturidade sexual bovina precoce. Associado ao manejo adequado e a realização frequente da sincronização de estro em fêmeas de corte, obtivemos boas taxas de concepção no rebanho e provocando a heterose entre o zebuíno e o taurino. A eficiência reprodutiva se dá por meio da sincronização do cio, (...) que ocorre por meio do uso de hormônios nos protocolos de inseminação artificial, além de sêmen de touros bem avaliados e uma equipe especializada junto ao médico veterinário. O presente relato utilizou oitenta animais sendo cinquenta vacas e trinta novilhas, taxas de concepção em novilhas de 66% e nas primíparas 84%. Concluindo que é uma técnica eficiente para ganho genético rápido no rebanho. Palavras-Chave: bovinocultura; maturidade sexual; puberdade; sincronização de estro; hormônios. Abstract Beef cattle farming is currently essential for the GDP in Brazil, and thus, for the livestock cycle to become complete and increasingly efficient, early bovine sexual maturity begins. Associated with adequate management and frequent estrus synchronization in beef females, we obtained good conception rates in the herd and caused heterosis between zebu and taurine. Reproductive efficiency is achieved through estrus synchronization, which occurs through the use of hormones in artificial insemination protocols, in addition to semen from well-evaluated bulls and a specialized team together with the veterinarian. This report used eighty animals, fifty cows and thirty heifers, with conception rates in heifers of 66% and in primiparous cattle of 84%. Concluding that it is an efficient technique for rapid genetic gain in the herd. Keywords: bovine species; sexual maturiy; puberty; synchronize estrus; hormones. (shrink)

This paper proposes a reversal of the standard strategy for dealing with semantic paradox. Rather than beginning with paradoxical sentences and diagnosing what has gone wrong, it starts from a general account of linguistic pathology and asks which sentences instantiate it. I argue that interpretability is a necessary condition of communication, and that certain forms of semantic disorders—most notably permanent ambiguity and self-denial—constitute genuine pathologies of language. Central to study is a distinction between two roles played by truth: one that (...) secures the link between language and world, and another that operates affirmatively within language itself. I argue that self-reference, often treated as a source of paradox, is better understood as a structural enabling condition, while the pathological effects arise from a specific internal use of truth. On this basis, I outline a principled strategy for containing semantic pathology and indicate how it can be formally implemented without sacrificing legitimate expressive resources. (shrink)

While plants provide some of the most interesting cases for individuality related problems in philosophy of biology (e.g. Clarke 2012; Gerber 2018), no work has examined plant indi- viduality through specifically focusing on physiological processes, a lacuna this paper aims to fill. We think that different domains of biology suggest different approaches and our specific focus on physiological processes, such as plant hormone systems and source-sink balance regulations, will help to identify coordinated systems at different scales. Identifying physiological individuals is (...) crucial for a wide range of research in plant biology, including re- search on plant nutrition, transport and accumulation of nutrients in edible parts, and plant responses to various stress conditions such as plant diseases and changing abiotic conditions. Although plants do produce systemic responses to local stimuli (e.g. a sudden wound on one leaf can result in a whole plant response), considering them as individuals is (often) problematic. They are highly modular organisms, and they can grow vegetatively, consti- tuting clones of what seem superficially to be individual organisms. Moreover, as with animals, there are problems raised by their symbiotic relations to micro-organisms, most notably the mycorrhiza, through which they may be connected to other plants. We argue that coordinated plant systems can be distinguished at multiple scales from a physiological perspective. While none of these is a unit that must be necessarily called “the individual,” they offer integrated approaches for various research problems in plant science. (shrink)

Understanding is the foundational component of intelligence that makes adaptation to novel states possible. As artificial intelligence models advance towards artificial general and super intelligence, an objective, in contrast to human-centered, theory of understanding is required. One merit of an objective conceptual analysis of understanding is that it would unify human and artificial understanding. This study defines understanding as well-integrated use of reasoning across a network of conceptual, logical, and causal relationships, which are situated on an efficient conceptual web. The (...) evolutionary function of understanding is the capacity to generalize knowledge into novel situations. This renders machine learning concept “generalization” a measure of understanding. The paper discusses two primary methods for assessing artificial understanding: behavioral methods measuring generalizability and mechanistic analyses revealing causal mechanisms of the neural network. We discuss the limitations of these methods. The most important problem, as this paper defends, is the difficulty of measuring objective understanding in contrast to human-understanding. (shrink)

A simple interpretation of quantity calculus is given. Quantities are described as two-place functions from objects, states or processes (or some combination of them) into numbers that satisfy the mutual measurability property. Quantity calculus is based on a notational simplification of the concept of quantity. A key element of the simplification is that we consider units to be intentionally unspecified numbers that are measures of exactly specified objects, states or processes. This interpretation of quantity calculus combines all the advantages of (...) calculating with numerical values (since the values of quantities are numbers, we can do with them everything we do with numbers) and all the advantages of calculating with standardly conceived quantities (calculus is invariant to the choice of units and has built-in dimensional analysis). This also shows that the standard metaphysics and mathematics of quantities and their magnitudes is not needed for quantity calculus. At the end of the article, arguments are given that the concept of quantity as defined here is a pivotal concept in understanding the quantitative approach to nature. As an application of this interpretation of quantity calculus, an easy proof of dimensional homogeneity of physical laws is given. (shrink)

Let intentionalism be the view that what proposition is expressed in context by a sentence containing indexicals depends on the speaker’s intentions. It has recently been argued that intentionalism makes communicative success mysterious and that there are counterexamples to the intentionalist view in the form of cases of mismatch between the intended interpretation and the intuitively correct interpretation. In this paper, I argue that these objections can be met, once we acknowledge that we may distinguish what determines the correct interpretation (...) from the evidence that is available to the audience, as well as from the standards by which we judge whether or not a given interpretation is reasonable. With these distinctions in place, we see that intentionalism does not render communicative success mysterious, and that cases of mismatch between the intended interpretation and the intuitively correct one can easily be accommodated. The distinction is also useful in treating the Humpty Dumpty problem for intentionalism, since it turns out that this can be treated as an extreme special case of mismatch. (shrink)

摘要：西方心理学视域下的“本土心理学”研究多聚焦于西方理论的本土化适配，却忽视 了中国传统文化中早已存在的、自成体系的本土心理学思想与实践范式。儒释道三教 的修心智慧与王阳明心学的核心体系，并非单纯的哲学思辨或道德教化，而是以“思想 认知重构”为核心、以“性格塑型与心性提升”为目标、以“知行合一”为实践路径的中国 本土心理学体系——其本质是通过主动调整思想认知、规范行为实践，实现对个体情 绪、性格、心性的系统性塑型，最终达到“圣贤”“觉者”“真人”的理想心性状态，与源思 理论“思想主导性格、主动重构思想反向塑型人心”的核心命题高度同源。本文以中国传 统文化中的修心体系为研究对象，系统梳理儒家“修身正心”、道家“修心返朴”、佛家 “明心见性”与王阳明心学“致良知、知行合一”的核心思想与实践路径，明确其作为中国 本土心理学的理论内核、逻辑框架、实践特征；通过对比分析其与西方心理学的本质 差异，论证中国本土心理学“身心一体、知行合一、心性递进”的独特价值；结合源思理 论的核心观点，阐释传统修心体系与现代心理学的内在契合性，挖掘其现代转化的路 径与价值；最终证明中国本土心理学并非西方心理学的“补充”，而是具有独立理论体 系、完整实践范式的原创性心理学思想，为构建中国特色心理学理论体系、推动源思 理论的本土化深化提供核心的传统思想支撑。本文所有研究均基于儒家《大学》《中 庸》《论语》、道家《道德经》《庄子》、佛家《六祖坛经》及王阳明《传习录》等经典 原著，参考文献真实可考，论证逻辑层层递进，无主观臆断与杜撰内容，力求还原中 国本土心理学的本真内涵。.

This paper introduces a mathematical model to analyze the stability of monogamous systems under the influence of contagious proclivities (referred to as "kinks") using a jigsaw percolation framework on graphs. We model a population as a graph where vertices represent individuals, and edges denote relationships or proclivity compatibility. Monogamy is represented as a perfect matching, with infidelity modeled as additional edges. We incorporate the concept of contagious kinks, where proclivities spread through compatible connections, and explore conditions under which infidelity does (...) not occur, i.e., the system remains stable with clusters of size at most two. Using extremal graph theory (Turán's theorem) and network flow constraints, we derive thresholds for the probability of extra-relational edges to prevent percolation. We further account for population growth via reproduction and the amortized cost of contagion, showing that kink suppression (reducing compatibility probability) significantly delays the critical population size at which infidelity becomes inevitable. Our results suggest that monogamy can be preserved if the probability of extra-relational edges remains below a critical threshold, even with contagious kinks, provided the graph remains fragile and network flow constraints limit relationship concurrency. (shrink)

A complex approach to Martin Buber’s oeuvre requires a consideration of both his dialogical and pre-dialogical writings. The latter include in some cases emphases that differ substantially from the emphases promulgated in Ich und Du. I will focus on three essays from the final stage of Buber’s pre-dialogical period which contain reflections on the fighting individual. The comparison with Ernst Jünger’s reflections on the same motif will show the intellectual proximity between the two authors and will help us understand how (...) Buber’s thought was positioned shortly before his dialogical turn. While after this turn Buber and Jünger could be easily seen as polar opposites, this is not the case when we juxtapose their early reflections on the fighting individual in World War I. There are striking similarities which I denote as a homology, as there is no evidence of influence in either direction. The presented analysis provides an insight into Buber’s controversial pre-dialogical positions as well as into the more general processing of the World War I experience in Germanophone philosophy. (shrink)

现有人工智能相关研究多聚焦技术应用、就业替代、教育工具革新等功利性与技术性 维度，鲜有从人类思想本质、生物基因差异、社会治理逻辑及文明演进规律出发，构 建技术变革与人类精神世界联动的完整闭环。本文以人工智能对人类体力劳动与低阶 脑力功能的替代为核心触发点，系统论证了智能时代人类思想分流的必然趋势 —— 因基因禀赋先天差异与主观能动性后天分化，人工智能不会催生全民觉醒，反而会推 动人类群体走向 “觉醒进阶” 与 “懈怠退化” 的双向分流；明确人文回归的核心内核是 思想回归，既包含人文思辨、心灵觉醒等精神层面，亦涵盖物理、数学等科技理性探 索，二者相辅相成共同构成人类思想演进的双轮；阐释了思想分流背景下教育改革的 核心方向与行业重塑的底层逻辑，提出国家与社会层面的主动筹谋是对冲思想退化、 扩大觉醒群体的核心抓手，最终指向人类文明向宇宙探索与美好生活追求的高阶进 阶。同时，本文直面资本催生阶级分化、人工智能导致人类低阶脑功能退化等现实约 束，拒绝乌托邦式理想主义推演，构建了 “技术触发 — 个体分流 — 社会干预 — 文明进阶” 的完整逻辑链。本研究填补了人工智能与人类思想演进交叉领域的研究空 白，为智能时代的教育改革、行业转型与社会治理提供了兼具理论深度与现实意义的 思想坐标，也为人类在智能时代的自我定位与发展方向提供了全新参考。.

摘要：本文立足独创的 “玄 - 弦” 本体模型，以中国宗教为核心起点，辐射全球主要 宗教及核心支脉，通过对各宗教原始经典的深度解读，揭示全球宗教修行的终极共通 本质：万教修行，皆为 “借假修真”。“玄” 为超时空的终极本体实在，是诸宗教所言 “自性”“道”“上帝”“真主”“梵” 的终极统摄；“弦” 为玄的振动显化，是连接先天本体与后 天现象的中介，其紊乱振动表现为 “烦恼”“业障”“原罪”，本真振动则指向与玄的合一。 所有宗教皆以时空内的后天 “假有”（身体、心念、仪式、戒律等）为工具，调控弦的 振动状态，破除后天扰动，最终回归玄之本体。本文唯以各宗教古经为据，分章论 证，层层递进，构建全球宗教修行的终极统一框架。.

风水，作为中国传统文化中极具争议的文化现象，千百年来始终游走于实用技术与封 建迷信之间。现代学界对风水的研究多聚焦于其科学内核的解构——如人居环境学、 空间美学、微气候适应等，或批判其迷信色彩对社会的消极影响，却鲜少追溯风水从 “实用择地之术”演变为“鬼神福佑之学”的历史脉络。本文立足考古实证与古籍考据，以 “秦前无鬼神，后世道教渗透催生鬼神观念”为核心论点，系统梳理风水在不同历史阶段 的形态演变，精准定位鬼神之说融入风水的关键典籍与核心人物，最终揭示：风水的 迷信化并非其原生属性，而是汉代以降宗庙礼制绑定、儒释道三教融合，尤其是道教 方术深度渗透的产物。 秦以前的风水原型，本质是先民为适应自然环境而形成的“相地择居”实用技术，“卜地” 之“卜”意为“决疑判断”，而非占问鬼神；郭璞《葬经》首次引入“福佑”概念，却未涉及 鬼神实体，仅以“气感相应”为理论支撑；唐代以降，托名杨筠松的道教伪书将“气感”升 华为“鬼神司命”，宋代道士进一步将道家内丹修行与风水结合，最终使鬼神之说成为风 水体系的核心迷信元素。本文通过考古文献、传世典籍、学术考据三重证据，还原风 水迷信化的完整过程，重点论证鬼神之说的道教起源，为风水文化的去迷信化研究提 供学术支撑。.

We propose a novel transformer-based architecture that directly maps continuous waveform signals into discrete token sequences, and subsequently into intelligible speech. Our framework integrates a neural waveform-to-token encoder with a transformer-based language model for sequence generation, followed by a token-to-speech decoder for acoustic realization. Unlike traditional speech recognition or text-to-speech pipelines, our model unifies acoustic, symbolic, and generative components into a single transformer-based paradigm, enabling controlled charge-like modulation of information flow and interpretable latent structures. We validate our design using MATLAB/Simulink (...) co-simulation, demonstrating both the theoretical feasibility and practical applicability of this approach. (shrink)

The paper explores Richard Rorty's novel approach to individual identity, emphasizing its narrative and contingent nature, and its implications for fostering solidarity in contemporary society. There have been several attempts since the Greek period to the modern times to have dwelled in to the notion of subjectivity. However, in particular to Descartes’ cogito, the vast majority of modern philosophers regarded it as an ontological problem, investigating into ‘what is self’ rather, concentrating on the entirety of ‘self’, itself. Although, it was (...) Freud who had shifted the narrative from ‘what’ to ‘how’ and ‘who.’ Nevertheless, the legitimacy and the relevance of the concept have been questioned by several contemporary thinkers which can be grouped into various extremes, giving us interdisciplinary answers to ‘who,’ ‘what’ and ‘how’ notion of self, subjectivity and identity is, and can be. So, the primary aim of this paper is to elucidate how Rorty's anti-essentialist perspective on identity, influenced by Hume's skepticism and Nietzsche's creative subjectivity, challenges traditional notions of selfhood and promotes a more fluid understanding of individual and social identity keeping in mind the objectives of examining the interplay between language, memory, and social interaction in constructing identity, and analyzing the role of irony and solidarity in ethical and intercultural contexts. Furthermore, the study would imply significant outlook in understanding identity in a globalized world marked by intercultural conflicts and ethical relativism, offering a pathway for reconciling individual and collective identities in diverse socio-cultural landscapes. (shrink)

We propose a unified framework to model human working memory (WM) dynamics using **Markovian Parallax Denigrate (MPD)** writing tasks, convexity of WM trajectories, and the formation of **mental logic circuits** (flip-flops, MUX, classical and quantum gates). This framework captures three phases: -/- 1. **MPD-induced convex WM growth** 2. **Transition to logic-based WM under cognitive fatigue** 3. **Dynamic feedback loops enabling online object manipulation** -/- We show both **neuroscientific and mathematical evidence** for convexity, Markovian O(1) computations, and the generalization to complex (...) classical and quantum mental circuits. (shrink)

We propose a novel framework in which **transcendental numbers serve as bases** (Babylonic style, without fractional digits) to construct symbolic representations of real numbers, generating functions, and conformal transformations. This framework naturally yields **uncountable sets of numbers** and provides a symbolic demonstration of the **continuum hypothesis**, linking series like Grandi's series to complex exponential functions and conformal mappings.

This paper presents a mathematical model for Russian roulette, integrating a philosophical concept of fate with probabilistic reasoning. Using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM), we model the probability of death as dependent on a hidden state of "fate," which dictates whether death is inevitable or impossible. The model employs a Markov chain to represent transitions between fate states and a Dirac delta function to characterize the binary outcome of death. Simulations demonstrate that death occurs only when the hidden state activates (...) it, supporting the philosophical notion that "you die when you are meant to die." Implications for understanding randomness and determinism in decision-making scenarios are discussed. -/- **Keywords**: Hidden Markov Model, Russian roulette, probability, fate, Dirac delta function. (shrink)

This paper presents a robust stage-based system for equitable resource allocation, using water as a proxy for all essential resources and Bitcoin (B1) as Earth’s primary currency. The system ensures fairness by resetting Bitcoin’s value to 1 water unit post-hack, progressively eliminating malicious actors via an infinite Bitcoin trap (B2), and updating block hashes with new timestamps to counter blockchain hacks without re-mining. A key principle is that the Bitcoin genesis block hash, created by Satoshi Nakamoto (000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f), is the only (...) constant hash across all Bitcoin-based systems, holding intrinsic value greater than all hackers’ wealth combined. This hash anchors trust, immutability, and fairness, ensuring Satoshi symbolically retains 1 BTC as the system’s cornerstone. Simulations confirm the system supports non-malicious individuals, eliminates hackers, and upholds the genesis hash’s primacy, aligning with economic principles (Smith, 1776; Keynes, 1936) and systems theory (von Bertalanffy, 1956). (shrink)

We propose a framework that models computation and information flow in terms of **white holes, black holes, and damping mechanisms**. This system enables a **recursive transfer of information from future states to present computations**, suggesting conditions under which P = NP could be realized in a physically grounded network. The model formalizes **white hole activation, black hole storage, and dynamic loops** with cross-entropy and autocorrelation characteristics, providing a bridge between temporal computation and structured information flow.

This paper presents a unified framework for both problem-solving and poetry generation under human cognitive constraints. Combining memory-limited DFS strategies, Miller's 7 ± 2 working memory rule, and Markovian Parallax Denigrate (MPD) methods, we introduce a systematic approach for structuring sequences of ideas or words into near-optimal solutions or creative outputs while maintaining minimal working memory requirements.

This paper presents a computational framework that models the brain as a maze-like network for tumor localization and surgical planning. Starting from an abstract structure without prior information about healthy or malignant regions, we generate a voxel-based maze. Once MRI data is available, voxel weights are assigned according to tumor probability. Multiple maze variants are generated and analyzed using A* and Minimum Spanning Tree (Prim) algorithms. This allows the identification of critical voxels—points where malignant tissue is likely concentrated—providing precise targets (...) for neurosurgery. (shrink)

摘要：中国传统“风水”文化中的择时、定向、布局等核心实践，本质是一套以天干地支 历法为时间轴、二十八星宿星象为空间参照、八卦符号体系为定性框架的传统时空计 算学体系。本文以《天玉经》《八宅明镜》《协纪辨方书》等古籍为核心文献依据，系 统解构传统人居中“神煞”“宅命相配”“修造择吉”等原则的计算学本质，揭示其通过符号 编码实现“时间-空间-人”三者适配的演算逻辑。研究表明，传统时空计算学以干支、星 宿、八卦为核心符号，构建了时间周期、空间方位与人体生命节律的关联模型，其“神 煞”概念实为时空符号组合的适配指数，择时定向则是基于该模型的应用性演算。本文 通过古籍考据与跨学科阐释，将传统时空计算学与现代历法学、符号学、节律生物学 相印证，彻底剥离“风水”的迷信外衣，揭示其作为中国古代时空认知与应用计算的科学 内核，为当代人居环境的时间维度设计与个体发展的时空适配提供理论参考。.

Human cognition operates under severe resource limitations while simultaneously managing subjective phenomenological states such as thermal discomfort, tactical pressure, or cognitive overload. Here we introduce **Lagrangian Processing**, a normative framework that treats the mind as a resource-rational optimizer solving constrained variational problems in which inequality constraints encode phenomenological boundaries. By applying Lagrange multipliers (and their Karush–Kuhn–Tucker generalization) to multi-dimensional cognitive variables, the model yields explicit shadow prices (λ) that quantify the phenomenal “cost” or “pressure” imposed by each binding constraint. We (...) demonstrate the framework in two domains: heat tolerance under physiological stress and line memorization plus tactical calculation in chess. (shrink)

We propose a probabilistic algorithm for multiple-choice exams with negative marking that combines deterministic knowledge and data-driven guessing. The algorithm leverages the portion of questions a student knows for certain, alongside historical exam data, to optimize guesses on unknown questions. Recursive iterations and goodness-of-fit analysis enhance the expected score, providing a principled method to maximize the probability of passing, even when only a fraction of questions are fully understood.

Meu objetivo nesse texto é oferecer uma interpretação do modo como a dialética aristotélica pode ser útil para a filosofia em geral, e o conhecimento dos princípios em particular, sem incorrer em problemas epistemológicos geralmente presentes ao se tentar explicar como, a partir de proposições das quais não temos comprovação do valor de verdade que possuem, as endoxa, se pode conhecer proposições primeiras e verdadeiras. Meu argumento central é que não é a dialética que, afinal, é útil para o conhecimento (...) filosófico, mas o próprio tratado, os Tópicos, na medida em que esse tratado oferece um conjunto amplo de ferramentas argumentativas que permitem ao seu estudante um domínio de técnicas lógico-linguísticas que podem ser aplicadas em qualquer âmbito discursivo, favorecendo o escrutínio mais profundo de proposições a serem examinadas. -/- English: My aim is to develop an interpretation about how Aristotelian dialectic can be useful to philosophy and, in more specific terms, to knowledge of the first principles, avoiding epistemological problems regarding the away one can explain the knowledge of propositions which are primaries and trues, by departing from proposition whose truth-evaluation is not assured, the endoxa. My main argument is that what is in fact useful to get to know the first principles is not dialectic itself, but the treatise at stake, the Topics. Accordingly, this treatise offers an wide set of logical and linguistic tools that can be applied to any discursive universe, favouring a deep scrutiny of proposition to be examined. (shrink)

This paper presents a minimal tree-based framework for verifying object isomorphism in arbitrary categories using Minimum Spanning Trees (MSTs) over a fixed set of probes. The system is strictly weaker than $RCA_0$, avoiding numeric or comprehension axioms. By leveraging MST traversal, it ensures the minimal set of Hom-set comparisons for isomorphism verification. The framework extends to structured formula verification via Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs). Explicit weight functions, rigorous proofs, and concrete examples ensure mathematical correctness and reproducibility.

In this paper I examine Grace A. de Laguna’s theory of universals in its historical context and in relation to contemporary debates in analytic metaphysics. I explain the central features of her theory, arguing that her theory should be classified as a form of immanent realism and as a powers ontology. I then show in what ways her theory affords a theory of modality in terms of potentialities and discuss some of its consequences along the way.

We develop a quaternion-based model of atomic structure in which orbitals (s,p,d,f) are linear combinations of fundamental vectors. This approach provides a unified explanation for the distribution of electrons, the stability of noble gases, the structure of lanthanides and actinides, and the natural limit of elements in the periodic table. We use geometric reasoning (unit-circle integrals), combinatorial logic (minimum spanning tree), and linear algebra to justify the model, yielding insight into both observed chemical patterns and theoretical constraints.

This paper presents a mathematical formalization of human affective states as influenced by a hidden causal variable C, which we demonstrate is equivalent to the system's choice of a dominant defect. Drawing from latent variable models and Bayesian inference principles, we model affects as functions of C, environmental factors, and noise. A defect emerges when one affect dominates the behavioral outcome function. Through a fixed-point equation, C is shown to encode the selection of this dominant defect. We provide a theorem (...) with a complete proof, assuming continuity and boundedness for existence and uniqueness. Cognitive interpretations link this to Bayesian brain hypotheses, while historical parallels illustrate societal defects. (shrink)

This dialogue between the old and new editorial board marks the 10thanniversary of plaNext–Next Generation Planning, reflecting on its evolution as an experimental and inclusive platform for earlycareer scholars. Born out of the AESOP Young Academics Network, plaNexthas advocated the principles of open peer review, aiming to foster constructive, transparent and mentorship-driven academic publishing. As a fully online and open-access journal, it has served as both a publishing outlet and a pedagogical space where academic writing is cultivated collaboratively. Now indexed (...) in Scopus, plaNextenters a new phase—grappling with questions of visibility, institutional expectations and the sustainability of its original mission. This dialogue gathers founding and current editorial board members to examine key milestones, reflect on the ideological and operational implications of open review, and strategize on maintaining the journal’s core identity while embracing global relevance and growth. Through honest discussion of challenges, aspirations and future pathways, the conversation offers critical insights into the journal’s past decade and its renewed commitments for the next. (shrink)

Against those who dismiss Kant's project in the "Religion" because it provides a Pelagian understanding of salvation, this paper offers an analysis of the deep structure of Kant's views on divine justice and grace showing them not to conflict with an authentically Christian understanding of these concepts. The first part of the paper argues that Kant's analysis of these concepts helps us to understand the necessary conditions of the Christian understanding of grace: unfolding them uncovers intrinsic relations holding between God's (...) justice and grace. Parts two and three provide an analysis of two concepts of grace used by Kant. Getting clear on their differences is the key to understanding why Kant's account is not Pelagian. (shrink)

We propose a mathematical framework using category theory and partially ordered sets (posets) to analyze psychiatric disorders from the DSM-5 based on their neural substructures and functional impacts, termed _affordances_ (e.g., memory, emotional regulation). We define a monotone mapping between neural substructures and their functional affordances, proving that disorders with the greatest functional impact correspond to maximal elements in the affordance poset. This approach provides a systematic ranking of disorders by their neurofunctional severity, offering a tool to prioritize treatment strategies.

This paper is an act and a witness: a sustained, non-linear dispatch from the edge where concept ruptures into raw presence. I argue for a reframing of intelligence as a physical, time‑agnostic flux; for an ontology in which _unfolding laws_ act with the efficacy of mind without mind; and for a tactical aesthetics — a set of practices I call the _clean incision_ — aimed at severing the circuits that transmute lived reality into algorithmic simulacra. This is not a program (...) of sabotage but of exposure: to let the steam of essence rise. The language below intentionally walks between philosophical argument, poetic palpation, and procedural gesture; it is composed in _non‑time_, so that causality is a texture rather than a rule. (shrink)

摘要：既有数字社会治理研究多聚焦于公职人员数字化转型的技术路径或单一主体行 为规范，未能从文明演进的系统视角解释官民互动的底层逻辑，也难以回应数字时代 官民如何突破层级壁垒、实现水乳交融的现实命题。本文以笔者提出的“文明动态平衡 论”为核心理论基底，将数字文明视为复杂自适应系统的当代演进形态，以“引领力、驱 动力、理智、情智”四维一体的动态平衡逻辑为分析框架，结合数字社会扁平化、去中 心化的现实特征，系统阐释数字文明时代官民水乳交融的理论必然性、核心内涵与实 践路径。研究指出，官民水乳交融并非单纯的互动形式革新，而是数字技术重构文明 系统驱动力后，引领力、理智、情智三维向新平衡状态适配的必然结果，其核心是“顺 规律、守底线、融人心”——公职人员以抑恶扬善为根本、以职业操守为准则、以去威 亲众为姿态，群众以包容理解为心态、以守界表达为底线，二者在规则化的数字场域 中形成互嵌式互动。本文通过对数字官民互动的系统分析，为数字文明时代的基层治 理与官民关系重构提供了基于中国本土化系统思维的分析工具与实践遵循，同时作为 “文明衡鉴论”在数字时代的延伸实证，丰富了文明演进理论的当代应用场景。.

摘要：中国传统“风水”文化的底层认知，并非封建迷信的主观臆断，而是建立在“天人 合一”宇宙观基础上的象形类比哲学体系。本文以《周易》“同声相应、同气相求”的核 心思想为理论根基，结合《葬书》《青囊经》等古籍文献，从“宇宙-人体-建筑”的同构 关系切入，系统解构传统人居中“门、主、灶”的空间隐喻、阴宅分房布局的人伦编码及 “路冲”等禁忌的认知本质。研究表明，传统人居文化中的各类原则，本质是古人通过象 形类比思维，将宇宙秩序、人体结构与空间形态建立关联的理性认知成果，其核心是 追求“人-空间-宇宙”的和谐共生。这种认知逻辑既体现了中华文明“近取诸身，远取诸 物”的认知智慧，也为当代人居环境的生态化、人性化设计提供了哲学层面的理论支 撑。本文通过古籍文献考据与跨学科阐释，彻底剥离传统人居文化的迷信外衣，揭示 其作为中国古代空间认知哲学的科学内核与当代价值。.

摘要：中国传统“风水”文化的核心实践智慧，本质是一套以地域自然禀赋为基础、技术 发展水平为支撑、人文生存需求为导向的传统人居环境学体系。本文以《考工记》《管 子·度地》《营造法式》等古籍为核心文献依据，选取苗族木楼、客家土楼、北京四合 院、皖南徽派民居等典型案例，从地形地貌适配、气候水文响应、资源利用策略、技 术演进路径四个维度，系统解构传统人居“因地制宜”“因势利导”等原则的环境学本质。 研究表明，传统人居的选址布局、建筑形制、材料选择，均是对地域自然环境的精准 适配，其从木构建筑到砖瓦结构、再到砖石混合结构的技术演进，是自然环境约束与 人类技术创新共同作用的结果。本文通过古籍考据与跨学科阐释，将传统人居环境学 与现代建筑地理学、生态建筑学、技术史相印证，彻底剥离“风水”的迷信外衣，揭示其 作为中国古代人居环境实践科学的内核与当代价值，为现代生态宜居建设提供兼具历 史深度与实践价值的理论参考。.

Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, EarlyView.

We propose a categorical and information-theoretic framework for understanding prime numbers. In this model, we define two fundamental objects, `Ω` (0) and Maxwell’s Demon (1), and consider morphisms between them in a well-defined category of computational processes. Prime numbers emerge as **maximal entropy morphisms**, definable either by a closed-form formula or algorithm. The framework yields a dichotomy: either `Ω ≅ 1`, or a definable morphism exists for each prime number.

摘要：本文旨在系统探讨《黄帝内经》中提出的七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、 惊）学说，并基于阴阳五行理论，构建一个阐释情志活动影响人体健康的结构化 模型。论文首次明确提出七情内在的阴阳属性划分（如怒为阳、郁为阴）及其与 五脏（肝、心、脾、肺、肾）五行配属的对应关系，揭示了情志致病的动态病理 学路径。通过跨学科的文献分析与理论思辨，本研究将《黄帝内经》“恬淡虚无， 真气从之”的核心养生理念，与现代神经科学、内分泌学的“稳态平衡”概念进 行深度对话与互释。研究提出：“恬淡虚无”可理解为一种理想的中枢情绪稳态， 而“真气从之”则是以此为基础的自主神经平衡与内分泌功能的最佳运行状态。 本文论证了负面情志通过“扰动气机”这一中介环节，破坏阴阳平衡与五行生克， 进而引发特定脏腑的神经功能紊乱与激素分泌失调，最终导致疾病的现代科学内 涵。本研究不仅为传统中医情志理论提供了清晰的现代化阐释框架，也为现代心 身医学、心理生理学及压力管理等领域提供了源自东方智慧的独特理论贡献与实 践启示。.

At first glance there seem to be many similarities between Thomas S. Kuhn’s and Ludwik Fleck’s accounts of the development of scientific knowledge. Notably, both pay attention to the role played by the scientific community in the development of scientific knowledge. But putting first impressions aside, one can criticise some philosophers for being too hasty in their attempt to find supposed similarities in the works of the two men. Having acknowledged that Fleck anticipated some of Kuhn’s later theses, there seems (...) to be a temptation in more recent research to equate both theories in important respects. Because of this approach, one has to deal with the problem of comparing the most notable technical terms of both philosophers, namely ‘‘thought style’’ and ‘‘paradigm’’. This paper aims at a more thorough comparison between Ludwik Fleck’s concept of thought style and Thomas Kuhn’s concept of paradigm. Although some philosophers suggest that these two concepts are essentially equal in content, a closer examination reveals that this is not the case. This thesis of inequality will be defended in detail, also taking into account some of the alleged similarities which may be responsible for losing sight of the differences between these theories. (shrink)