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Awesome Virtual Cell Awesome

A curated list of papers, datasets, benchmarks, talks, and community resources for AI-powered virtual cell research.

Here, AIVC stands for Artificial Intelligence Virtual Cell, a term popularized by the Cell perspective "How to Build the Virtual Cell with Artificial Intelligence: Priorities and Opportunities." The focus of this repository is broad but practical: resources that help researchers understand, model, benchmark, or build virtual cells and related cellular foundation models.

For scientific figure ideas and plotting templates, see Awesome Scientific Figures.

Contents

Scope

  • In scope: virtual cell perspectives, perturbation modeling, single-cell and multimodal foundation models, spatial and morphology modeling, biological AI agents, datasets, benchmarks, and community resources closely connected to virtual cell research.
  • Also included: adjacent work that is broadly useful for the virtual cell community, especially when it contributes data, evaluation methods, or modeling tools for cellular systems.
  • Usually out of scope: generic biomedical AI work with weak cell-modeling relevance, low-confidence secondary sources, broken links, or items that do not add clear value beyond more central references already listed here.

Inclusion Rules

  • Prefer peer-reviewed papers, high-signal preprints, official project pages, and primary-source links.
  • Include code, datasets, project pages, or Chinese summaries when they are clearly useful.
  • Keep entries concise and broadly reusable for readers who are scanning the field.
  • Use lightweight tags in Research Papers only as browsing aids. They are intentionally approximate, not rigid taxonomy.

Overview Papers

  • [Nature News] Can AI Build a Virtual Cell? Scientists Race to Model Life's Smallest Unit (Nature 2025) [paper] [中文解读]

  • [Nature Perspective] Towards Multimodal Foundation Models in Molecular Cell Biology (Nature 2025) [paper] [中文解读]

  • [Nature] The Human Cell Atlas from a cell census to a unified foundation model (Nature 2024) [paper]

  • [Nature Review] Interpretation, extrapolation and perturbation of single cells (Nature Reviews Genetics 2026) [paper]

  • [Nature Review] Revisiting the blueprint for an interpretable virtual cell (Nature Reviews Genetics 2026) [paper]

  • [npj Digital Medicine] AI-driven virtual cell models in preclinical research: t E901 echnical pathways, validation mechanisms, and clinical translation potential (npj Digital Medicine 2025) [paper]

  • [Nature Review] Adapting systems biology to address the complexity of human disease in the single-cell era (Nature Reviews Genetics 2025) [paper]

  • [Nature Genetics] Causal machine learning for single-cell genomics (Nature Genetics 2025) [paper]

  • [Nature Methods] Multimodal foundation transformer models for multiscale genomics (Nature Methods 2025) [paper]

  • [Cell Perspective] Empowering Biomedical Discovery with AI Agents (Cell 2024) [paper] [中文解读]

  • [Cell Perspective] How to Build the Virtual Cell with Artificial Intelligence: Priorities and Opportunities (Cell 2024) [paper] [中文解读]

  • [Cell Review] Toward a Foundation Model of Causal Cell and Tissue Biology with a Perturbation Cell and Tissue Atlas (Cell 2024) [paper] [中文解读]

Research Papers

Tag hints: [Virtual Cell], [Perturbation], [Foundation Model], [Spatial], [Morphology], [Agent], [Benchmark], [Tool], [Related]. Tags are lightweight and non-exhaustive.

2026

  • [Lingshu-Cell] [Virtual Cell] Lingshu-Cell: A generative cellular world model for transcriptome modeling toward virtual cells (arXiv 2026) [paper]

  • [Spatial Perturb-seq] [Spatial] Spatial perturb-seq: single-cell functional genomics within intact tissue architecture (Nature Communications 2026) [paper][code] GitHub stars

  • [CONCORD] [Foundation Model] Revealing a coherent cell-state landscape across single-cell datasets with CONCORD (Nature Biotechnology 2026) [paper][code] GitHub stars

  • [AI Scientist] [Related] Towards end-to-end automation of AI research (Nature 2026) [paper] [code] GitHub stars

  • [CRISPRi Map] [Perturbation] A genome-scale single-cell CRISPRi map of trans gene regulation across human pluripotent stem cell lines (Cell Genomics 2026) [paper]

  • [Therapeutic Design] [Related] Deep-learning-based de novo discovery and design of therapeutics that reverse disease-associated transcriptional phenotypes (Cell 2026) [paper]

  • [X-Pert] [Perturbation] Unified Multimodal Learning Enables Generalized Cellular Response Prediction to Diverse Perturbations (bioRxiv) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [MVCBench] [Benchmark] MVCBench: A Multimodal Benchmark for Drug-induced Virtual Cell Phenotypes (bioRxiv) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [HarmonyCell] [Perturbation] HarmonyCell: Automating Single-Cell Perturbation Modeling under Semantic and Distribution Shifts (bioRxiv) [paper]

  • [scDFM] [Perturbation] scDFM: Distributional Flow Matching Model for Robust Single-Cell Perturbation Prediction (arXiv 2026) [paper]

  • [STRAND] [Perturbation] STRAND: Sequence-Conditioned Transport for Single-Cell Perturbations (arXiv 2026) [paper]

  • [PerturbDiff] [Perturbation] PerturbDiff: Functional Diffusion for Single-Cell Perturbation Modeling (arXiv 2026) [paper] [project]

  • [scBIG] [Perturbation] Beyond Independent Genes: Learning Module-Inductive Representations for Gene Perturbation Prediction (arXiv 2026) [paper]

  • [Stack] [Foundation Model] Stack: In-Context Learning of Single-Cell Biology (bioRxiv) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

2025

  • [Pertpy] [Tool] Pertpy: an End-to-end Framework for Perturbation Analysis (Nature Methods) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Benchmarking] [Benchmark] Benchmarking Algorithms for Generalizable Single-Cell Perturbation Response Prediction (Nature Methods) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Scouter] [Perturbation] Scouter predicts transcriptional responses to genetic perturbations with large language model embeddings (Nature Computational Science 2025) [paper]

  • [VCWorld] [Virtual Cell] VCWorld: A Biological World Model for Virtual Cell Simulation (arXiv) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Squidiff] [Perturbation] Squidiff: Predicting Cellular Development and Responses to Perturbations using a Diffusion Model (Nature Methods) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Nicheformer] [Spatial] Nicheformer: A Foundation Model for Single-Cell and Spatial Omics (Nature Methods) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [ADLF] [Perturbation] Active Learning Framework Leveraging Transcriptomics Identifies Modulators of Disease Phenotypes (Science) [paper] [code]

  • [Tahoe-x1] [Foundation Model] Tahoe-x1: Scaling Perturbation-Trained Single-Cell Foundation Models to 3 Billion Parameters (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki] [hugging face files]

  • [LPM] [Perturbation] In Silico Biological Discovery with Large Perturbation Models (Nature Computational Science 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [CellNavi] [Perturbation] CellNavi Predicts Genes Directing Cellular Transitions by Learning a Gene Graph-Enhanced Cell State Manifold (Nature Cell Biology 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [EpiAgent] [Foundation Model] EpiAgent: Foundation Model for Single-Cell Epigenomics (Nature Methods 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [CellWhisperer] [Tool] Multimodal learning enables chat-based exploration of single-cell data (Nature Biotechnology 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars

  • [CRISPR-GPT] [Agent] CRISPR-GPT for Agentic Automation of Gene-Editing Experiments (Nature Biomedical Engineering 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Cell-o1] [Agent] Cell-o1: Training LLMs to Solve Single-Cell Reasoning Puzzles with Reinforcement Learning (arXiv 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [hugging face] [ask deepwiki]

  • [Systema] [Benchmark] Systema: A Framework for Evaluating Genetic Perturbation Response Prediction Beyond Systematic Variation (Nature Biotechnology 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [RegVelo] [Perturbation] RegVelo: Gene-Regulatory-Informed Dynamics of Single Cells (bioRxiv) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [PhenoProfiler] [Morphology] PhenoProfiler: Advancing Morphology Representations for Image-based Drug Discovery (Nature Communications 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [webserver] [ask deepwiki]

  • [MorphDiff] [Morphology] Prediction of Cellular Morphology Changes under Perturbations with a Transcriptome-Guided Diffusion Model (Nature Communications 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [rBio-1] [Agent] rBio1-Training Scientific Reasoning LLMs with Biological World Models as Soft Verifiers (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [TranscriptFormer] [Foundation Model] A Cross-Species Generative Cell Atlas across 1.5 Billion Years of Evolution: The Transcriptformer Single-Cell Model (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [CellAtria] [Agent] An Agentic AI Framework for Ingestion and Standardization of Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data Analysis (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Scvi-hub] [Tool] Scvi-hub: An Actionable Repository for Model-Driven Single-Cell Analysis (Nature Methods 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [GraphVelo] [Spatial] GraphVelo Allows for Accurate Inference of Multimodal Velocities and Molecular Mechanisms for Single Cells (Nature Communications 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Stereo-Cell] [Spatial] Stereo-Cell: Spatial Enhanced-Resolution Single-Cell Sequencing with High-Density DNA Nanoball-Patterned Arrays (Science 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [SToFM] [Spatial] SToFM: A Multi-scale Foundation Model for Spatial Transcriptomics (ICML 2025 Poster) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [scGPT-spatial] [Spatial] scGPT-spatial: Continual Pretraining of Single-Cell Foundation Model for Spatial Transcriptomics (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars

  • [SpatialAgent] [Agent] SpatialAgent: An Autonomous AI Agent for Spatial Biology (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [CellFlux] [Morphology] CellFlux: Simulating Cellular Morphology Changes via Flow Matching (ICML 2025 Poster) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [MorphoDiff] [Morphology] MorphoDiff: Cellular Morphology Painting with Diffusion Models (ICLR 2025) [paper] [preprint] [code] GitHub stars

  • [CellPB] [Benchmark] Benchmarking AI Models for in Silico Gene Perturbation of Cells (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [CellForge] [Agent] CellForge: Agentic Design of Virtual Cell Models (arXiv 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Brief Communication] [Benchmark] Deep-Learning-Based Gene Perturbation Effect Prediction Does Not Yet Outperform Simple Linear Baselines (Nature Methods 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Brief Communication] [Benchmark] Limitations of Cell Embedding Metrics Assessed Using Drifting Islands (Nature Biotechnology 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [GeneAgent] [Agent] GeneAgent: Self-Verification Language Agent for Gene-Set Analysis Using Domain Databases (Nature Methods 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Theory] [Virtual Cell] Human Interpretable Grammar Encodes Multicellular Systems Biology Models to Democratize Virtual Cell Laboratories (Cell 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [GREmLN] [Foundation Model] GREmLN: A Cellular Regulatory Network-Aware Transcriptomics Foundation Model (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [CellVoyager] [Agent] CellVoyager: AI CompBio Agent Generates New Insights by Autonomously Analyzing Biological Data (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [CausCell] [Perturbation] Causal Disentanglement for Single-Cell Representations and Controllable Counterfactual Generation (Nature Communications 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [CLIP^n] [Morphology] Transitive Prediction of Small-Molecule Function through Alignment of High-Content Screening Resources (Nature Biotechnology 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [DrugPT] [Perturbation] DrugPT: A Flexible Framework for Integrating Gene and Chemical Representations in Perturbation Modeling (bioRxiv 2025) [paper]

  • [OmniPert] [Perturbation] OmniPert: A Deep Learning Foundation Model for Predicting Responses to Genetic and Chemical Perturbations in Single Cancer Cells (bioRxiv 2025) [paper]

  • [UNAGI] [Perturbation] A Deep Generative Model for Deciphering Cellular Dynamics and in Silico Drug Discovery in Complex Diseases (Nature Biomedical Engineering 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [OmiCLIP] [Spatial] A Visual-Omics Foundation Model to Bridge Histopathology with Spatial Transcriptomics (Nature Methods 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Biomni] [Agent] Biomni: A General-Purpose Biomedical AI Agent (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [OCTO-vc] [Virtual Cell] OCTO-vc: Virtual Cells in Real Tissue (© by Noetik 2025) [technical report] [online demonstration]

  • [STATE] [Perturbation] Predicting Cellular Responses to Perturbation across Diverse Contexts with STATE (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [UniPert-G2CP] [Perturbation] Genetic-To-Chemical Perturbation Transfer Learning through Unified Multimodal Molecular Representations (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [UniCure] [Perturbation] Unicure: A Foundation Model for Predicting Personalized Cancer Therapy Response (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Cell-GraphCompass] [Foundation Model] Cell-GraphCompass: Modeling Single Cells with Graph Structure Foundation Model (National Science Review 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [scPRINT] [Foundation Model] scPRINT: Pre-training on 50 Million Cells Allows Robust Gene Network Predictions (Nature Communications 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [CellFM] [Foundation Model] CellFM: A Large-Scale Foundation Model Pre-trained on Transcriptomics of 100 Million Human Cells (Nature Communications 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [C2S-Scale] [Foundation Model] C2S-Scale: Scaling Large Language Models for Next-Generation Single-Cell Analysis (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [scNET] [Foundation Model] scNET: Learning Context-Specific Gene and Cell Embeddings by Integrating Single-Cell Gene Expression Data with Protein-Protein Interactions (Nature Methods 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [SubCell] [Foundation Model] SubCell: Proteome-aware vision foundation models for microscopy capture single-cell biology (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Token-Mol 1.0] [Related] Token-Mol 1.0: Tokenized Drug Design with Large Language Models (Nature Communications 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Comment] [Virtual Cell] Virtual Cells for Predictive Immunotherapy (Nature Biotechnology Comment 2025) [paper]

  • [Recursion] [Virtual Cell] Virtual Cells: Predict, Explain, Discover (arXiv 2025) [paper]

  • [Cell Maps] [Virtual Cell] Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and functional genomics (Nature 2025) [paper] [project]

  • [CellFlow] [Morphology] CellFlow Enables Generative Single-Cell Phenotype Modeling with Flow Matching (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Cell Shapes] [Morphology] Cell shapes decode molecular phenotypes in image-based spatial proteomics (bioRxiv 2025) [paper]

  • [Prophet] [Perturbation] Scalable and Universal Prediction of Cellular Phenotypes (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Morphology] Evaluating Feature Extraction in Ovarian Cancer Cell Line Co-Cultures Using Deep Neural Networks (Communications Biology 2025) [paper]

  • [ProteinTalks] [Foundation Model] A Perturbation Proteomics-Based Foundation Model for Virtual Cell Construction (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Virtual Cell] Grow AI Virtual Cells: Three Data Pillars and Closed-Loop Learning (Cell Research 2025) [paper] [中文解读]

  • [Virtual Cell] Build the Virtual Cell with Artificial Intelligence: A Perspective for Cancer Research (Military Medical Research 2025) [paper]

  • [PS] [Perturbation] Decoding Heterogeneous Single-Cell Perturbation Responses (Nature Cell Biology 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Mixscale] [Perturbation] Systematic Reconstruction of Molecular Pathway Signatures Using Scalable Single-Cell Perturbation Screens (Nature Cell Biology 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [GET] [Foundation Model] A Foundation Model of Transcription across Human Cell Types (Nature 2025) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

2024

  • [TranSiGen] [Perturbation] Deep Representation Learning of Chemical-Induced Transcriptional Profile for Phenotype-Based Drug Discovery (Nature Communications 2024) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [PRnet] [Perturbation] Predicting transcriptional responses to novel chemical perturbations using deep generative model for drug discovery (Nature Communications 2024) [paper]

  • [GenePT] [Foundation Model] Simple and Effective Embedding Model for Single-Cell Biology Built from ChatGPT (Nature Biomedical Engineering 2024) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [SCimilarity] [Foundation Model] A Cell Atlas Foundation Model for Scalable Search of Similar Human Cells (Nature 2024) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [scLong] [Foundation Model] scLong: A Billion-Parameter Foundation Model for Capturing Long-Range Gene Context in Single-Cell Transcriptomics (bioRxiv 2024) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [scFoundation] [Foundation Model] Large-Scale Foundation Model on Single-Cell Transcriptomics (Nature Methods 2024) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [scGPT] [Foundation Model] scGPT: Toward Building a Foundation Model for Single-Cell Multi-Omics Using Generative AI (Nature Methods 2024) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [TamGen] [Related] TamGen: Drug Design with Target-Aware Molecule Generation through a Chemical Language Model (Nature Communications 2024) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [GeneCompass] [Foundation Model] GeneCompass: Deciphering Universal Gene Regulatory Mechanisms with a Knowledge-Informed Cross-Species Foundation Model (Cell Research 2024) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [scTab] [Foundation Model] scTab: Scaling Cross-Tissue Single-Cell Annotation Models (Nature Communications 2024) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [SATURN] [Foundation Model] Toward Universal Cell Embeddings: Integrating Single-Cell RNA-Seq Datasets across Species with SATURN (Nature Methods 2024) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [UCE] [Foundation Model] Universal Cell Embeddings: A Foundation Model for Cell Biology (bioRxiv 2024) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Cell2Sentence] [Foundation Model] Cell2Sentence: Teaching Large Language Models the Language of Biology (ICML 2024 Poster) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [LangCell] [Foundation Model] LangCell: Language-Cell Pre-training for Cell Identity Understanding (ICML 2024 Poster) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [CellPLM] [Foundation Model] CellPLM: Pre-training of Cell Language Model beyond Single Cells (ICLR 2024 Poster) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Stanford PhD Thesis] [Virtual Cell] Engineering Cells Using Artificial Intelligence (© by Yusuf Roohani 2024) [paper] [GitHub Homepage] [Arc profile]

Datasets and Benchmarks

Datasets

  • [CIGS] High-Throughput Profiling of Chemical-Induced Gene Expression across 93,644 Perturbations (Nature Methods 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [dataset] [code] GitHub stars

  • [Tahoe-100M] Tahoe-100M: A Giga-Scale Single-Cell Perturbation Atlas for Context-Dependent Gene Function and Cellular Modeling (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [code] GitHub stars

  • [X-Atlas/Orion] Genome-Wide Perturb-Seq Datasets via a Scalable Fix-Cryopreserve Platform for Training Dose-Dependent Biological Foundation Models (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [中文解读] [dataset]

  • [scBaseCount] scBaseCount: An AI Agent-Curated, Uniformly Processed, and Continually Expanding Single Cell Data Repository (bioRxiv 2025) [paper] [code-scRecounter] [code-SRAgent] GitHub stars

  • [Sci-Plex] Massively Multiplex Chemical Transcriptomics at Single-Cell Resolution (Science 2019) [paper] [dataset] [code] GitHub stars

  • [scPerturb] scPerturb: Harmonized Single-Cell Perturbation Data (Nature Methods 2024) [paper] [dataset] [code] GitHub stars

  • [CMAP LINCS 2020] [link]

  • [Cell Painting Gallery] [link] [dataset overview] [AWS overview] [Bray dataset]

  • [CM4AI] Cell Maps for Artificial Intelligence: AI-Ready Maps of Human Cell Architecture from Disease-Relevant Cell Lines (bioRxiv 2024) [paper] [dataset]

  • [RxRx from Recursion] [link]

Benchmarks and Challenges

  • [scDrugMap] scDrugMap: benchmarking large foundation models for drug response prediction (Nature Communications 2025) [paper]

  • [Insight] From Virtual Cell Challenge to Virtual Organs: Navigating the Deep Waters of Medical AI Models (iCell 2025) [paper]

  • [Evaluation] Benchmarking and Evaluation of AI Models in Biology: Outcomes and Recommendations from the CZI Virtual Cells Workshop (arXiv 2025) [paper] [中文解读]

  • [Challenge] Virtual Cell Challenge: Toward a Turing Test for the Virtual Cell (Cell Commentary 2025) [paper] [homepage] [beginner's guidance]

Reports and Blogs

  • [Symposium] AI Proteomics and Virtual Cell (© by Westlake University 2025) [media] [中文解读]

  • [Report] Projections at the Frontier: Snapshot 2025 (© by Decoding Bio's Team 2025) [slide] [中文解读]

  • [Post] Chan Zuckerberg Initiative's rBio Uses Virtual Cells to Train AI, Bypassing Lab Work (© by Michael Nuñez 2025) [blog]

  • [Blog] AI's Next Frontier: Modeling Life Itself (© by Chan Zuckerberg Initiative 2025) [blog] [中文解读]

  • [Blog] The State of Research on Virtual Cell Modeling (© by Will Connell 2025) [blog]

  • [Blog] What Are Virtual Cells? Learning "Universal Representations" of Life's Fundamental Unit (© by Elliot Hershberg 2025) [blog]

  • [中文 Blog] 什么是虚拟细胞:AI 生物学的“登月时刻”和“苦涩教训” (© by 范阳 2025) [blog]

  • [Introduction] Virtual Cells (© by Udara Jay 2025) [blog]

Videos

  • [Arc Institute] Predicting Cellular Responses to Perturbation across Diverse Contexts with STATE [YouTube]

  • [Valence Labs] Virtual Cells: Predict, Explain, Discover [YouTube]

  • [EPFL] Virtual Cells and Digital Twins: AI in Personalized Medicine [YouTube]

  • [SciLifeLab] Emma Lundberg: AI Virtual Cells Could Revolutionize Biological Science [YouTube]

  • [Chan Zuckerberg Initiative] AI Virtual Cell Models: How AI is Accelerating Science [YouTube]

  • [Chan Zuckerberg Initiative] CZI's Vision for AI-Powered "Virtual Cells" [YouTube]

  • [Podcast] Google DeepMind CEO: We Want to Build a Virtual Cell [YouTube]

Historical and Foundational Works

  • [GEARS] [Perturbation] Predicting transcriptional outcomes of novel multigene perturbations with GEARS (Nature Biotechnology 2023) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Geneformer] [Foundation Model] Transfer Learning Enables Predictions in Network Biology (Nature 2023) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [CellOT] [Perturbation] Learning Single-Cell Perturbation Responses Using Neural Optimal Transport (Nature Methods 2023) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [tGPT] [Foundation Model] Generative Pretrai 22BF ning from Large-Scale Transcriptomes for Single-Cell Deciphering (iScience 2023) [paper] [code] GitHub stars [ask deepwiki]

  • [Virtual Cell] Building the Next Generation of Virtual Cells to Understand Cellular Biology (Biophysical Journal 2023) [paper]

  • [Research Highlight] [Virtual Cell] Simulating a Whole Cell (Nature Methods 2022) [paper]

  • [Comment] Personalized Medicine: Time for One-Person Trials (Nature Comment 2015) [paper]

  • [Theory] [Virtual Cell] A Whole-Cell Computational Model Predicts Phenotype from Genotype (Cell 2012) [paper]

  • [Virtual Cell] The Virtual Cell - A Candidate Co-Ordinator for "Middle-Out" Modelling of Biological Systems (BIB 2009) [paper]

  • [VCell 7.7] [Virtual Cell] Virtual Cell Modelling and Simulation Software Environment (IET Systems Biology 2008) [paper] [software]

  • Quantitative Cell Biology with the Virtual Cell (Trends in Cell Biology 2003) [paper]

  • [Review] The Virtual Cell: A Software Environment for Computational Cell Biology (Trends in Biotechnology 2001) [paper]

  • [Opinion] Whole-Cell Simulation: A Grand Challenge of the 21st Century (Trends in Biotechnology 2001) [paper]

Related Resources

  • [Virtual Cell Challenge] Official challenge site for evaluation and community updates [homepage]

  • [Arc Virtual Cell Atlas] Large-scale perturbation atlas and codebase from Arc Institute [repo]

  • [VCell Software] Long-running software environment for computational cell biology [site]

  • [Noetik OCTO-vc] Technical report and demo for virtual cells in tissue [report] [demo]

Contributing

If you want to suggest a paper, dataset, benchmark, blog, or project, open an Issue or Pull Request. Please follow CONTRIBUTING.md for the submission format and quality bar.

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Awesome-AI-Virtual-Cell: A curated list of papers, datasets, benchmarks, talks, and community resources for AI-powered virtual cell research.

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