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Fermi Surface Evolution Across Multiple Charge Density Wave Transitions in ErTe3
Authors:
R. G. Moore,
V. Brouet,
R. He,
D. H. Lu,
N. Ru,
J. -H. Chu,
I. R. Fisher,
Z. -X. Shen
Abstract:
The Fermi surface (FS) of ErTe3 is investigated using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Low temperature measurements reveal two incommensurate charge density wave (CDW) gaps created by perpendicular FS nesting vectors. A large Delta_1 = 175 meV gap arising from a CDW with c* - q_CDW1 ~ 0.70(0) c* is in good agreement with the expected value. A second, smaller Delta_2 = 50 meV ga…
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The Fermi surface (FS) of ErTe3 is investigated using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Low temperature measurements reveal two incommensurate charge density wave (CDW) gaps created by perpendicular FS nesting vectors. A large Delta_1 = 175 meV gap arising from a CDW with c* - q_CDW1 ~ 0.70(0) c* is in good agreement with the expected value. A second, smaller Delta_2 = 50 meV gap is due to a second CDW with a* - q_CDW2 ~ 0.68(5) a*. The temperature dependence of the FS, the two gaps and possible interaction between the CDWs are examined.
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Submitted 16 September, 2008;
originally announced September 2008.
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Multiple charge density wave transitions in Gd$_2$Te$_5$
Authors:
K. Y. Shin,
N. Ru,
C. L. Condron,
Y. Q. Wu,
M. J. Kramer,
M. F. Toney,
I. R. Fisher
Abstract:
Diffraction measurements performed via transmission electron microscopy and high resolution X-ray scattering reveal two distinct charge density wave transitions in Gd$_2$Te$_5$ at $T_{c1}$ = 410(3) and $T_{c2}$ = 532(3) K, associated with the \textit{on}-axis incommensurate lattice modulation and \textit{off}-axis commensurate lattice modulation respectively. Analysis of the temperature dependen…
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Diffraction measurements performed via transmission electron microscopy and high resolution X-ray scattering reveal two distinct charge density wave transitions in Gd$_2$Te$_5$ at $T_{c1}$ = 410(3) and $T_{c2}$ = 532(3) K, associated with the \textit{on}-axis incommensurate lattice modulation and \textit{off}-axis commensurate lattice modulation respectively. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the order parameters indicates a non-vanishing coupling between these two distinct CDW states.
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Submitted 15 August, 2008;
originally announced August 2008.
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Evidence for coupling between collective state and phonons in two-dimensional charge-density-wave systems
Authors:
M. Lavagnini,
M. Baldini,
A. Sacchetti,
D. Di Castro,
B. Delley,
R. Monnier,
J. -H. Chu,
N. Ru,
I. R. Fisher,
P. Postorino,
L. Degiorgi
Abstract:
We report on a Raman scattering investigation of the charge-density-wave (CDW), quasi two-dimensional rare-earth tri-tellurides $R$Te$_3$ ($R$= La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Dy) at ambient pressure, and of LaTe$_3$ and CeTe$_3$ under externally applied pressure. The observed phonon peaks can be ascribed to the Raman active modes for both the undistorted as well as the distorted lattice in the CDW s…
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We report on a Raman scattering investigation of the charge-density-wave (CDW), quasi two-dimensional rare-earth tri-tellurides $R$Te$_3$ ($R$= La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Dy) at ambient pressure, and of LaTe$_3$ and CeTe$_3$ under externally applied pressure. The observed phonon peaks can be ascribed to the Raman active modes for both the undistorted as well as the distorted lattice in the CDW state by means of a first principles calculation. The latter also predicts the Kohn anomaly in the phonon dispersion, driving the CDW transition. The integrated intensity of the two most prominent modes scales as a characteristic power of the CDW-gap amplitude upon compressing the lattice, which provides clear evidence for the tight coupling between the CDW condensate and the vibrational modes.
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Submitted 9 June, 2008;
originally announced June 2008.
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De Haas-van Alphen oscillations in the charge-density wave compound lanthanum tritelluride (LaTe_3)
Authors:
N. Ru,
R. A. Borzi,
A. Rost,
A. P. Mackenzie,
J. Laverock,
S. B. Dugdale,
I. R. Fisher
Abstract:
De Haas-van Alphen oscillations were measured in lanthanum tritelluride (LaTe_3) to probe the partially gapped Fermi surface resulting from charge density wave (CDW) formation. Three distinct frequencies were observed, one of which can be correlated with a FS sheet that is unaltered by CDW formation. The other two frequencies arise from FS sheets that have been reconstructed in the CDW state.
De Haas-van Alphen oscillations were measured in lanthanum tritelluride (LaTe_3) to probe the partially gapped Fermi surface resulting from charge density wave (CDW) formation. Three distinct frequencies were observed, one of which can be correlated with a FS sheet that is unaltered by CDW formation. The other two frequencies arise from FS sheets that have been reconstructed in the CDW state.
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Submitted 6 May, 2008;
originally announced May 2008.
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Magnetic properties of the charge density wave compounds RTe3, R=Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er & Tm
Authors:
N. Ru,
J. -H. Chu,
I. R. Fisher
Abstract:
The antiferromagnetic transition is investigated in the rare-earth (R) tritelluride RTe3 family of charge density wave (CDW) compounds via specific heat, magnetization and resistivity measurements. Observation of the opening of a superzone gap in the resistivity of DyTe3 indicates that additional nesting of the reconstructed Fermi surface in the CDW state plays an important role in determining t…
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The antiferromagnetic transition is investigated in the rare-earth (R) tritelluride RTe3 family of charge density wave (CDW) compounds via specific heat, magnetization and resistivity measurements. Observation of the opening of a superzone gap in the resistivity of DyTe3 indicates that additional nesting of the reconstructed Fermi surface in the CDW state plays an important role in determining the magnetic structure.
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Submitted 2 May, 2008;
originally announced May 2008.
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ARPES Study of the Evolution of Band Structure and Charge Density Wave Properties in RTe3 for R = Y, La, Ce, Sm, Gd, Tb and Dy
Authors:
V. Brouet,
W. L. Yang,
X. J. Zhou,
Z. Hussain,
R. G. Moore,
R. He,
D. H. Lu,
Z. X. Shen,
J. Laverock,
S. Dugdale,
N. Ru,
I. R. Fisher
Abstract:
We present a detailed ARPES investigation of the RTe3 family, which sets this system as an ideal "textbook" example for the formation of a nesting driven Charge Density Wave (CDW). This family indeed exhibits the full range of phenomena that can be associated to CDW instabilities, from the opening of large gaps on the best nested parts of Fermi Surface (FS) (up to 0.4eV), to the existence of res…
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We present a detailed ARPES investigation of the RTe3 family, which sets this system as an ideal "textbook" example for the formation of a nesting driven Charge Density Wave (CDW). This family indeed exhibits the full range of phenomena that can be associated to CDW instabilities, from the opening of large gaps on the best nested parts of Fermi Surface (FS) (up to 0.4eV), to the existence of residual metallic pockets. ARPES is the best suited technique to characterize these features, thanks to its unique ability to resolve the electronic structure in k-space. An additional advantage of RTe3 is that the band structure can be very accurately described by a simple 2D tight-binding (TB) model, which allows one to understand and easily reproduce many characteristics of the CDW. In this paper, we first establish the main features of the electronic structure, by comparing our ARPES measurements with Linear Muffin-Tin Orbital band calculations. We use this to define the validity and limits of the TB model. We then present a complete description of the CDW properties and, for the first time, of their strong evolution as a function of R. Using simple models, we are able to reproduce perfectly the evolution of gaps in k-space, the evolution of the CDW wave vector with R and the shape of the residual metallic pockets. Finally, we give an estimation of the CDW interaction parameters and find that the change in the electronic density of states n(Ef), due to lattice expansion when different R ions are inserted, has the correct order of magnitude to explain the evolution of the CDW properties.
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Submitted 17 January, 2008;
originally announced January 2008.
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STM Studies of TbTe3: Evidence for a fully Incommensurate Charge Density Wave
Authors:
A. Fang,
N. Ru,
I. R. Fisher,
A. Kapitulnik
Abstract:
We observe unidirectional charge density wave ordering on the cleaved surface of TbTe3 with a Scanning Tunneling Microscope at ~6 K. The modulation wave-vector q_{CDW} as determined by Fourier analysis is 0.71 +/- 0.02 * 2 pi/c. (Where c is one edge of the in-plane 3D unit cell.) Images at different tip-sample voltages show the unit cell doubling effects of dimerization and the layer below. Our…
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We observe unidirectional charge density wave ordering on the cleaved surface of TbTe3 with a Scanning Tunneling Microscope at ~6 K. The modulation wave-vector q_{CDW} as determined by Fourier analysis is 0.71 +/- 0.02 * 2 pi/c. (Where c is one edge of the in-plane 3D unit cell.) Images at different tip-sample voltages show the unit cell doubling effects of dimerization and the layer below. Our results agree with bulk X-ray measurements, with the addition of ~(1/3) * 2 pi/a ordering perpendicular to the CDW. Our analysis indicates that the CDW is incommensurate.
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Submitted 19 January, 2007;
originally announced January 2007.
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Effect of Chemical Pressure on the Charge Density Wave Transition in Rare-earth Tritellurides RTe_3
Authors:
N. Ru,
C. L. Condron,
G. Y. Margulis,
K. Y. Shin,
J. Laverock,
S. B. Dugdale,
M. F. Toney,
I. R. Fisher
Abstract:
The charge density wave transition is investigated in the bi-layer family of rare earth tritelluride RTe_3 compounds (R = Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) via high resolution x-ray diffraction and electrical resistivity. The transition temperature increases monotonically with increasing lattice parameter from 244(3) K for TmTe_3 to 416(3) K for SmTe_3. The heaviest members of the series, R = Dy, Ho,…
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The charge density wave transition is investigated in the bi-layer family of rare earth tritelluride RTe_3 compounds (R = Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) via high resolution x-ray diffraction and electrical resistivity. The transition temperature increases monotonically with increasing lattice parameter from 244(3) K for TmTe_3 to 416(3) K for SmTe_3. The heaviest members of the series, R = Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, are observed to have a second transition at a lower temperature, which marks the onset of an additional CDW with wavevector almost equal in magnitude to the first, but oriented in the perpendicular direction.
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Submitted 9 October, 2007; v1 submitted 11 October, 2006;
originally announced October 2006.
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Pressure dependence of the charge-density-wave gap in rare-earth tri-tellurides
Authors:
A. Sacchetti,
E. Arcangeletti,
A. Perucchi,
L. Baldassarre,
P. Postorino,
S. Lupi,
N. Ru,
I. R. Fisher,
L. Degiorgi
Abstract:
We investigate the pressure dependence of the optical properties of CeTe$_3$, which exhibits an incommensurate charge-density-wave (CDW) state already at 300 K. Our data are collected in the mid-infrared spectral range at room temperature and at pressures between 0 and 9 GPa. The energy for the single particle excitation across the CDW gap decreases upon increasing the applied pressure, similarl…
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We investigate the pressure dependence of the optical properties of CeTe$_3$, which exhibits an incommensurate charge-density-wave (CDW) state already at 300 K. Our data are collected in the mid-infrared spectral range at room temperature and at pressures between 0 and 9 GPa. The energy for the single particle excitation across the CDW gap decreases upon increasing the applied pressure, similarly to the chemical pressure by rare-earth substitution. The broadening of the bands upon lattice compression removes the perfect nesting condition of the Fermi surface and therefore diminishes the impact of the CDW transition on the electronic properties of $R$Te$_3$.
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Submitted 7 September, 2006;
originally announced September 2006.
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Chemical pressure and hidden one-dimensional behavior in rare earth tri-telluride charge density wave compounds
Authors:
A. Sacchetti,
L. Degiorgi,
T. Giamarchi,
N. Ru,
I. R. Fisher
Abstract:
We report on the first optical measurements of the rare-earth tri-telluride charge-density-wave systems. Our data, collected over an extremely broad spectral range, allow us to observe both the Drude component and the single-particle peak, ascribed to the contributions due to the free charge carriers and to the charge-density-wave gap excitation, respectively. The data analysis displays a dimini…
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We report on the first optical measurements of the rare-earth tri-telluride charge-density-wave systems. Our data, collected over an extremely broad spectral range, allow us to observe both the Drude component and the single-particle peak, ascribed to the contributions due to the free charge carriers and to the charge-density-wave gap excitation, respectively. The data analysis displays a diminishing impact of the charge-density-wave condensate on the electronic properties with decreasing lattice constant across the rare-earth series. We propose a possible mechanism describing this behavior and we suggest the presence of a one-dimensional character in these two-dimensional compounds. We also envisage that interactions and umklapp processes might play a relevant role in the formation of the charge-density-wave state in these compounds.
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Submitted 20 June, 2006; v1 submitted 16 June, 2006;
originally announced June 2006.
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Fermi surface nesting and charge-density wave formation in rare-earth tritellurides
Authors:
J. Laverock,
S. B. Dugdale,
Zs. Major,
M. A. Alam,
N. Ru,
I. R. Fisher,
G. Santi,
E. Bruno
Abstract:
The Fermi surface of rare-earth tri-tellurides ({\it R}Te$_{3}$) is investigated in terms of the nesting driven charge-density wave formation using positron annihilation and first-principles LMTO calculations. Fermi surface nesting is revealed as a strong candidate for driving charge-density wave formation in these compounds. The nesting vector obtained from positron annihilation experiments on…
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The Fermi surface of rare-earth tri-tellurides ({\it R}Te$_{3}$) is investigated in terms of the nesting driven charge-density wave formation using positron annihilation and first-principles LMTO calculations. Fermi surface nesting is revealed as a strong candidate for driving charge-density wave formation in these compounds. The nesting vector obtained from positron annihilation experiments on GdTe$_{3}$ is determined to be ${\mathbf q} = (0.28\pm0.02,0,0) {\mathbf a}^{*}$, (${\mathbf a}^{*}=2π/{\mathbf a}$), in excellent agreement with previous experimental and theoretical studies.
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Submitted 5 January, 2005;
originally announced January 2005.
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Fermi Surface reconstruction in the CDW state of CeTe3 observed by photoemission
Authors:
V. Brouet,
W. L. Yang,
X. J. Zhou,
Z. Hussain,
N. Ru,
K. Y. Shin,
I. R. Fisher,
Z. X. Shen
Abstract:
CeTe3 is a layered compound where an incommensurate Charge Density Wave (CDW) opens a large gap (400 meV) in optimally nested regions of the Fermi Surface (FS), whereas other sections with poorer nesting remain ungapped. Through Angle-Resolved Photoemission, we identify bands backfolded according to the CDW periodicity. They define FS pockets formed by the intersection of the original FS and its…
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CeTe3 is a layered compound where an incommensurate Charge Density Wave (CDW) opens a large gap (400 meV) in optimally nested regions of the Fermi Surface (FS), whereas other sections with poorer nesting remain ungapped. Through Angle-Resolved Photoemission, we identify bands backfolded according to the CDW periodicity. They define FS pockets formed by the intersection of the original FS and its CDW replica. Such pockets illustrate very directly the role of nesting in the CDW formation but they could not be detected so far in a CDW system. We address the reasons for the weak intensity of the folded bands, by comparing different foldings coexisting in CeTe3.
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Submitted 16 March, 2004;
originally announced March 2004.