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GPT-4 Technical Report
Authors:
OpenAI,
Josh Achiam,
Steven Adler,
Sandhini Agarwal,
Lama Ahmad,
Ilge Akkaya,
Florencia Leoni Aleman,
Diogo Almeida,
Janko Altenschmidt,
Sam Altman,
Shyamal Anadkat,
Red Avila,
Igor Babuschkin,
Suchir Balaji,
Valerie Balcom,
Paul Baltescu,
Haiming Bao,
Mohammad Bavarian,
Jeff Belgum,
Irwan Bello,
Jake Berdine,
Gabriel Bernadett-Shapiro,
Christopher Berner,
Lenny Bogdonoff,
Oleg Boiko
, et al. (256 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report the development of GPT-4, a large-scale, multimodal model which can accept image and text inputs and produce text outputs. While less capable than humans in many real-world scenarios, GPT-4 exhibits human-level performance on various professional and academic benchmarks, including passing a simulated bar exam with a score around the top 10% of test takers. GPT-4 is a Transformer-based mo…
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We report the development of GPT-4, a large-scale, multimodal model which can accept image and text inputs and produce text outputs. While less capable than humans in many real-world scenarios, GPT-4 exhibits human-level performance on various professional and academic benchmarks, including passing a simulated bar exam with a score around the top 10% of test takers. GPT-4 is a Transformer-based model pre-trained to predict the next token in a document. The post-training alignment process results in improved performance on measures of factuality and adherence to desired behavior. A core component of this project was developing infrastructure and optimization methods that behave predictably across a wide range of scales. This allowed us to accurately predict some aspects of GPT-4's performance based on models trained with no more than 1/1,000th the compute of GPT-4.
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Submitted 4 March, 2024; v1 submitted 15 March, 2023;
originally announced March 2023.
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MABe22: A Multi-Species Multi-Task Benchmark for Learned Representations of Behavior
Authors:
Jennifer J. Sun,
Markus Marks,
Andrew Ulmer,
Dipam Chakraborty,
Brian Geuther,
Edward Hayes,
Heng Jia,
Vivek Kumar,
Sebastian Oleszko,
Zachary Partridge,
Milan Peelman,
Alice Robie,
Catherine E. Schretter,
Keith Sheppard,
Chao Sun,
Param Uttarwar,
Julian M. Wagner,
Eric Werner,
Joseph Parker,
Pietro Perona,
Yisong Yue,
Kristin Branson,
Ann Kennedy
Abstract:
We introduce MABe22, a large-scale, multi-agent video and trajectory benchmark to assess the quality of learned behavior representations. This dataset is collected from a variety of biology experiments, and includes triplets of interacting mice (4.7 million frames video+pose tracking data, 10 million frames pose only), symbiotic beetle-ant interactions (10 million frames video data), and groups of…
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We introduce MABe22, a large-scale, multi-agent video and trajectory benchmark to assess the quality of learned behavior representations. This dataset is collected from a variety of biology experiments, and includes triplets of interacting mice (4.7 million frames video+pose tracking data, 10 million frames pose only), symbiotic beetle-ant interactions (10 million frames video data), and groups of interacting flies (4.4 million frames of pose tracking data). Accompanying these data, we introduce a panel of real-life downstream analysis tasks to assess the quality of learned representations by evaluating how well they preserve information about the experimental conditions (e.g. strain, time of day, optogenetic stimulation) and animal behavior. We test multiple state-of-the-art self-supervised video and trajectory representation learning methods to demonstrate the use of our benchmark, revealing that methods developed using human action datasets do not fully translate to animal datasets. We hope that our benchmark and dataset encourage a broader exploration of behavior representation learning methods across species and settings.
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Submitted 30 June, 2023; v1 submitted 21 July, 2022;
originally announced July 2022.
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Array Programming with NumPy
Authors:
Charles R. Harris,
K. Jarrod Millman,
Stéfan J. van der Walt,
Ralf Gommers,
Pauli Virtanen,
David Cournapeau,
Eric Wieser,
Julian Taylor,
Sebastian Berg,
Nathaniel J. Smith,
Robert Kern,
Matti Picus,
Stephan Hoyer,
Marten H. van Kerkwijk,
Matthew Brett,
Allan Haldane,
Jaime Fernández del Río,
Mark Wiebe,
Pearu Peterson,
Pierre Gérard-Marchant,
Kevin Sheppard,
Tyler Reddy,
Warren Weckesser,
Hameer Abbasi,
Christoph Gohlke
, et al. (1 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Array programming provides a powerful, compact, expressive syntax for accessing, manipulating, and operating on data in vectors, matrices, and higher-dimensional arrays. NumPy is the primary array programming library for the Python language. It plays an essential role in research analysis pipelines in fields as diverse as physics, chemistry, astronomy, geoscience, biology, psychology, material sci…
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Array programming provides a powerful, compact, expressive syntax for accessing, manipulating, and operating on data in vectors, matrices, and higher-dimensional arrays. NumPy is the primary array programming library for the Python language. It plays an essential role in research analysis pipelines in fields as diverse as physics, chemistry, astronomy, geoscience, biology, psychology, material science, engineering, finance, and economics. For example, in astronomy, NumPy was an important part of the software stack used in the discovery of gravitational waves and the first imaging of a black hole. Here we show how a few fundamental array concepts lead to a simple and powerful programming paradigm for organizing, exploring, and analyzing scientific data. NumPy is the foundation upon which the entire scientific Python universe is constructed. It is so pervasive that several projects, targeting audiences with specialized needs, have developed their own NumPy-like interfaces and array objects. Because of its central position in the ecosystem, NumPy increasingly plays the role of an interoperability layer between these new array computation libraries.
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Submitted 17 June, 2020;
originally announced June 2020.