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The COHERENT Experiment: 2026 Update
Authors:
M. Adhikari,
M. Ahn,
D. Amaya Matamoros,
P. S. Barbeau,
V. Belov,
I. Bernardi,
C. Bock,
A. Bolozdynya,
R. Bouabid,
J. Browning,
B. Cabrera-Palmer,
N. Cedarblade-Jones,
S. Chen,
A. I. Colón Rivera,
V. da Silva,
J. Daughhetee,
Y. Efremenko,
S. R. Elliott,
A. Erlandson,
L. Fabris,
M. L. Fischer,
S. Foster,
A. Galindo-Uribarri,
E. Granados Vazquez,
M. P. Green
, et al. (85 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The COHERENT experiment measures neutrino-induced recoils from coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) with multiple nuclear targets at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), USA. Several successful CEvNS measurements have been achieved in recent years with tens-of-kg detector masses, with a CsI scintillating crystal, a liquid argon single-pha…
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The COHERENT experiment measures neutrino-induced recoils from coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) with multiple nuclear targets at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), USA. Several successful CEvNS measurements have been achieved in recent years with tens-of-kg detector masses, with a CsI scintillating crystal, a liquid argon single-phase detector, and high-purity germanium spectrometers. For the next phase, COHERENT aims at high-statistics detection of CEvNS events for precision tests of the standard model of particle physics, and to probe new physics beyond-the-standard model. Percent-level precision can be achieved by lowering thresholds, reducing backgrounds, and by scaling up the detector masses. It goes hand in hand with benchmarking the neutrino flux from the SNS. Further detectors will measure CEvNS in additional nuclei, including lighter target nuclei such as sodium and neon, to continue to test the expected neutron-number-squared dependence of the cross section. COHERENT can furthermore study charged-current and neutral-current inelastic neutrino-nucleus cross sections on various nuclei at neutrino energies below $\sim$50 MeV. Many of these cross sections have never been measured before, but are critical input for the interpretation of core-collapse supernova detection in large-scale neutrino experiments such as DUNE, Super-K, Hyper-K, and HALO.
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Submitted 17 February, 2026;
originally announced February 2026.
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Supernova electron-neutrino interactions with xenon in the nEXO detector
Authors:
nEXO Collaboration,
S. Hedges,
S. Al Kharusi,
E. Angelico,
J. P. Brodsky,
G. Richardson,
S. Wilde,
A. Amy,
A. Anker,
I. J. Arnquist,
P. Arsenault,
A. Atencio,
I. Badhrees,
J. Bane,
V. Belov,
E. P. Bernard,
T. Bhatta,
A. Bolotnikov,
J. Breslin,
P. A. Breur,
E. Brown,
T. Brunner,
E. Caden,
G. F. Cao,
L. Q. Cao
, et al. (122 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Electron-neutrino charged-current interactions with xenon nuclei were modeled in the nEXO neutrinoless double-$β$ decay detector (~5 metric ton, 90% ${}^{136}$Xe, 10% ${}^{134}$Xe) to evaluate its sensitivity to supernova neutrinos. Predictions for event rates and detectable signatures were modeled using the Model of Argon Reaction Low Energy Yields (MARLEY) event generator. We find good agreement…
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Electron-neutrino charged-current interactions with xenon nuclei were modeled in the nEXO neutrinoless double-$β$ decay detector (~5 metric ton, 90% ${}^{136}$Xe, 10% ${}^{134}$Xe) to evaluate its sensitivity to supernova neutrinos. Predictions for event rates and detectable signatures were modeled using the Model of Argon Reaction Low Energy Yields (MARLEY) event generator. We find good agreement between MARLEY's predictions and existing theoretical calculations of the inclusive cross sections at supernova neutrino energies. The interactions modeled by MARLEY were simulated within the nEXO simulation framework and were run through an example reconstruction algorithm to determine the detector's efficiency for reconstructing these events. The simulated data, incorporating the detector response, were used to study the ability of nEXO to reconstruct the incident electron-neutrino spectrum and these results were extended to a larger xenon detector of the same isotope enrichment. We estimate that nEXO will be able to observe electron-neutrino interactions with xenon from supernovae as far as 5-8 kpc from Earth, while the ability to reconstruct incident electron-neutrino spectrum parameters from observed interactions in nEXO is limited to closer supernovae.
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Submitted 29 November, 2024; v1 submitted 29 May, 2024;
originally announced May 2024.
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Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering: Terrestrial and astrophysical applications
Authors:
M. Abdullah,
H. Abele,
D. Akimov,
G. Angloher,
D. Aristizabal-Sierra,
C. Augier,
A. B. Balantekin,
L. Balogh,
P. S. Barbeau,
L. Baudis,
A. L. Baxter,
C. Beaufort,
G. Beaulieu,
V. Belov,
A. Bento,
L. Berge,
I. A. Bernardi,
J. Billard,
A. Bolozdynya,
A. Bonhomme,
G. Bres,
J-. L. Bret,
A. Broniatowski,
A. Brossard,
C. Buck
, et al. (250 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$ν$NS) is a process in which neutrinos scatter on a nucleus which acts as a single particle. Though the total cross section is large by neutrino standards, CE$ν$NS has long proven difficult to detect, since the deposited energy into the nucleus is $\sim$ keV. In 2017, the COHERENT collaboration announced the detection of CE$ν$NS using a stopped-pion…
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Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$ν$NS) is a process in which neutrinos scatter on a nucleus which acts as a single particle. Though the total cross section is large by neutrino standards, CE$ν$NS has long proven difficult to detect, since the deposited energy into the nucleus is $\sim$ keV. In 2017, the COHERENT collaboration announced the detection of CE$ν$NS using a stopped-pion source with CsI detectors, followed up the detection of CE$ν$NS using an Ar target. The detection of CE$ν$NS has spawned a flurry of activities in high-energy physics, inspiring new constraints on beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, and new experimental methods. The CE$ν$NS process has important implications for not only high-energy physics, but also astrophysics, nuclear physics, and beyond. This whitepaper discusses the scientific importance of CE$ν$NS, highlighting how present experiments such as COHERENT are informing theory, and also how future experiments will provide a wealth of information across the aforementioned fields of physics.
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Submitted 14 March, 2022;
originally announced March 2022.
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Observation of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering
Authors:
D. Akimov,
J. B. Albert,
P. An,
C. Awe,
P. S. Barbeau,
B. Becker,
V. Belov,
A. Brown,
A. Bolozdynya,
B. Cabrera-Palmer,
M. Cervantes,
J. I. Collar,
R. J. Cooper,
R. L. Cooper,
C. Cuesta,
D. J. Dean,
J. A. Detwiler,
A. Eberhardt,
Y. Efremenko,
S. R. Elliott,
E. M. Erkela,
L. Fabris,
M. Febbraro,
N. E. Fields,
W. Fox
, et al. (56 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The coherent elastic scattering of neutrinos off nuclei has eluded detection for four decades, even though its predicted cross-section is the largest by far of all low-energy neutrino couplings. This mode of interaction provides new opportunities to study neutrino properties, and leads to a miniaturization of detector size, with potential technological applications. We observe this process at a 6.…
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The coherent elastic scattering of neutrinos off nuclei has eluded detection for four decades, even though its predicted cross-section is the largest by far of all low-energy neutrino couplings. This mode of interaction provides new opportunities to study neutrino properties, and leads to a miniaturization of detector size, with potential technological applications. We observe this process at a 6.7-sigma confidence level, using a low-background, 14.6-kg CsI[Na] scintillator exposed to the neutrino emissions from the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Characteristic signatures in energy and time, predicted by the Standard Model for this process, are observed in high signal-to-background conditions. Improved constraints on non-standard neutrino interactions with quarks are derived from this initial dataset.
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Submitted 3 August, 2017;
originally announced August 2017.
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First Search for Lorentz and CPT Violation in Double Beta Decay with EXO-200
Authors:
EXO-200 Collaboration,
:,
J. B. Albert,
P. S. Barbeau,
D. Beck,
V. Belov,
M. Breidenbach,
T. Brunner,
A. Burenkov,
G. F. Cao,
C. Chambers,
B. Cleveland,
M. Coon,
A. Craycraft,
T. Daniels,
M. Danilov,
S. J. Daugherty,
C. G. Davis,
J. Davis,
S. Delaquis,
A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian,
R. DeVoe,
J. S. Díaz,
T. Didberidze,
J. Dilling
, et al. (65 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
A search for Lorentz- and CPT-violating signals in the double beta decay spectrum of $^{136}$Xe has been performed using an exposure of 100 kg$\cdot$yr with the EXO-200 detector. No significant evidence of the spectral modification due to isotropic Lorentz-violation was found, and a two-sided limit of…
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A search for Lorentz- and CPT-violating signals in the double beta decay spectrum of $^{136}$Xe has been performed using an exposure of 100 kg$\cdot$yr with the EXO-200 detector. No significant evidence of the spectral modification due to isotropic Lorentz-violation was found, and a two-sided limit of $-2.65 \times 10^{-5 } \; \textrm{GeV} < \mathring{a}^{(3)}_{\text{of}} < 7.60 \times 10^{-6} \; \textrm{GeV}$ (90% C.L.) is placed on the relevant coefficient within the Standard-Model Extension (SME). This is the first experimental study of the effect of the SME-defined oscillation-free and momentum-independent neutrino coupling operator on the double beta decay process.
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Submitted 3 April, 2016; v1 submitted 27 January, 2016;
originally announced January 2016.