Showing 1–50 of 79 results for author: Biselli, A

Multi-Differential DVCS Cross Section Measurement on the Proton in the Valence Region with CLAS12

Authors: S. Lee, T. B. Hayward, L. Elouadrhiri, R. G. Milner, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Avakian, N. A. Baltzell, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, S. Boiarinov, F. Bossù, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, N. L. Bucuru Rodriguez, S. Bueltmann, V. D. Burkert, T. Cao, D. S. Carman , et al. (116 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the measurement of the four-fold differential cross section of deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) on the proton using a longitudinally polarized 10.6 GeV CEBAF electron beam incident on a liquid-hydrogen target with the CLAS12 detector. The analysis provides 1312 data points, expanding the measured phase space in the valence quark region, 0.06 < $x_B$ < 0.58, 1.00 < $Q^2$ < 5.76 Ge… ▽ More We report the measurement of the four-fold differential cross section of deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) on the proton using a longitudinally polarized 10.6 GeV CEBAF electron beam incident on a liquid-hydrogen target with the CLAS12 detector. The analysis provides 1312 data points, expanding the measured phase space in the valence quark region, 0.06 < $x_B$ < 0.58, 1.00 < $Q^2$ < 5.76 GeV$^2$, and 0.11 < $|t|$ < 1.00 GeV$^2$. DVCS cross section measurements directly constrain the real part of the DVCS amplitude through its interference with the Bethe-Heitler process, making them essential inputs to global extractions of the Compton Form Factors (CFFs), particularly the dominant CFF $H$. These data improve sensitivity to these observables and can contribute to future determinations of the proton's internal mechanical structure. △ Less

Submitted 20 August, 2026; originally announced August 2026.

Report number: JLAB-PHY-26-4911

First measurement of polarized spin-density matrix elements and differential cross sections d$σ$/d$t$ in $ω$~photoproduction off the proton for $2.7 < E_γ< 5.2$ GeV using CLAS at Jefferson Lab

Authors: T. Hu, Z. Akbar, V. Crede, J. M. Laget, V. Mathieu, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bueltmann, D. Bulumulla, V. D. Burkert, R. Capobianco , et al. (125 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report on the differential cross sections d$σ$/d$t$, the unpolarized spin-density matrix elements $ρ^0_{00}$, $ρ^0_{1-1}$, Re\,$ρ^0_{10}$, and the first extraction of the polarized elements Im\,$ρ^3_{10}$, Im\,$ρ^3_{1-1}$ for the reaction $γp\to pω$ using the CLAS spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The $ω$~mesons were detected in their dominant charged decay mode, $ω\to π^+π^-π^0$, and all… ▽ More We report on the differential cross sections d$σ$/d$t$, the unpolarized spin-density matrix elements $ρ^0_{00}$, $ρ^0_{1-1}$, Re\,$ρ^0_{10}$, and the first extraction of the polarized elements Im\,$ρ^3_{10}$, Im\,$ρ^3_{1-1}$ for the reaction $γp\to pω$ using the CLAS spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The $ω$~mesons were detected in their dominant charged decay mode, $ω\to π^+π^-π^0$, and all $t$-dependent results are presented in a fine binning for incident photon energies between 2.73 and 5.16~GeV (corresponding to the center-of-mass energy range $W \in [\,2.45,3.25\,]$~GeV). All matrix elements are first measurements for $-t > 0.6$~GeV$^2$. Moreover, differential cross sections d$σ$/d(cos\,$Θ_{\rm \,c.m.}^{\,ω}$) and the corresponding angle-dependent unpolarized spin-density matrix elements in the Adair frame are presented for the incident photon energy range 1.56--3.80~GeV (corresponding to $W \in [\,1.95,2.83\,]$~GeV). These new $ω$~photoproduction data are consistent with earlier CLAS results but extend the energy range well beyond the nucleon resonance region into the Regge regime. The comparison with Regge-theory-based model predictions shows that the new data impose more stringent constraints on our understanding of $ω$~photoproduction. △ Less

Submitted 11 August, 2026; originally announced August 2026.

Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication by Physics Letters B

Measurements of $γ_v p \to π^+ π^- p'$ Cross Sections with the CLAS Detector for $Q^{2}$ from 2.0--5.0~GeV$^{2}$ and $W$ from 1.400--2.125~GeV

Authors: A. Trivedi, R. W. Gothe, E. Phelps, V. I. Mokeev, D. S. Carman, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. J. Amaryan, H. Atac, H. Avakian, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossu, S. Boiarinov, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bueltmann, V. D. Burkert, T. Cao , et al. (100 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Observables in the electroproduction of the $π^+π^-p$ reaction channel off the proton that are sensitive to the polarization of the virtual photon are presented for the first time in addition to the extraction of the nine single-differential and fully integrated cross sections within the kinematics area of 2.0~GeV$^2 < Q^2 < 5.0$~GeV$^2$ and 1.400~GeV $< W < 2.125$~GeV measured with the CLAS detec… ▽ More Observables in the electroproduction of the $π^+π^-p$ reaction channel off the proton that are sensitive to the polarization of the virtual photon are presented for the first time in addition to the extraction of the nine single-differential and fully integrated cross sections within the kinematics area of 2.0~GeV$^2 < Q^2 < 5.0$~GeV$^2$ and 1.400~GeV $< W < 2.125$~GeV measured with the CLAS detector in Hall B at Jefferson Lab. The extraction of the unpolarized cross sections has been considerably improved in comparison with previously published results from this same dataset, offering finer binning over the five-dimensional hadronic reaction phase space, and including essential advances in the acceptance evaluation by implementing a new technique to stabilize the cross section extraction and minimize the systematic uncertainty associated with the simulation statistics. These improvements are of particular importance for the extraction of the $γ_v p N^*$ electrocouplings from these data. △ Less

Submitted 7 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Comments: 22 pages, 20 figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-26-4817

Measurement of the near-threshold J$/ψ$ photoproduction cross section with the CLAS12 experiment

Authors: P. Chatagnon, V. Kubarovsky, R. Paremuzyan, S. Stepanyan, M. Tenorio, R. Tyson, A. G. Acar, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Avakian, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, M. Bondi, F. Bossù, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bueltmann , et al. (125 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We present measurements of the total and differential cross sections for near-threshold J/$ψ$ photoproduction obtained with the CLAS12 detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The results are based on data collected during the Fall 2018 and Spring 2019 running periods, using electron beams with energies of 10.6 and 10.2 GeV, respectively, scattered off a liquid-hydrogen targ… ▽ More We present measurements of the total and differential cross sections for near-threshold J/$ψ$ photoproduction obtained with the CLAS12 detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The results are based on data collected during the Fall 2018 and Spring 2019 running periods, using electron beams with energies of 10.6 and 10.2 GeV, respectively, scattered off a liquid-hydrogen target. Near-threshold J$/ψ$ photoproduction offers a unique sensitivity to the strong interaction in the non-perturbative regime of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The energy dependence of the cross section constrains the underlying J$/ψ$ production mechanisms, including multi-gluon exchange and potential baryonic excitations. Additionally, the $t$-dependence of the differential cross section can be related to the transverse spatial distribution of gluons in the proton, providing critical input for theoretical descriptions of the gluonic structure of the proton. An interpretation of the results in terms of the gluon content of the proton is presented, providing new experimental constraints on QCD-inspired models of the proton structure and the role of gluonic degrees of freedom in hadronic mass generation. △ Less

Submitted 11 June, 2026; v1 submitted 25 February, 2026; originally announced February 2026.

Report number: JLAB-PHY-26-4605

Journal ref: Phys.Rev.C 113 (2026) 6, 065203

Measurements of Beam Spin Asymmetries of $π^\pmπ^0$ dihadrons at CLAS12

Authors: A. G. Acar, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, K. -T. Brinkmann, F. Bossù, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bueltmann, V. D. Burkert, D. S. Carman, T. Cao, A. Celentano, P. Chatagnon, H. Chinchay, G. Ciullo, P. L. Cole , et al. (109 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: A first measurement of beam spin asymmetries for $π^+π^0$ and $π^-π^0$ pairs in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering is reported. The asymmetries in the dihadron angular distributions were measured from the scattering of a 10.6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam off a proton target, using the CLAS12 detector at Jefferson Lab. A photon classifier using a Gradient Boosted Trees (GBTs) ar… ▽ More A first measurement of beam spin asymmetries for $π^+π^0$ and $π^-π^0$ pairs in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering is reported. The asymmetries in the dihadron angular distributions were measured from the scattering of a 10.6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam off a proton target, using the CLAS12 detector at Jefferson Lab. A photon classifier using a Gradient Boosted Trees (GBTs) architecture was trained with Monte Carlo simulations to reduce the amount of false combinatorial background $π^0$s, increasing statistics by up to five-fold compared to previous CLAS12 $π^0$ analyses. A nonzero $\sinφ_{R_\perp}$ asymmetry is observed. This measurement is sensitive to the underexplored collinear twist-3 PDF $e(x)$, which encodes quark-gluon correlations in the proton, and presents a new avenue for its point-by-point extraction. The asymmetries also provide the first experimental evidence for the isospin-dependence of the helicity-dependent dihadron fragmentation function $G_1^\perp$, revealed by a sign-difference between the $π^+π^0$ and $π^-π^0$ channels in the $\sin(φ_h-φ_{R_\perp})$ modulation. In contrast, a large, same-sign enhancement near the $ρ$ mass for the $\sin(2φ_h-2φ_{R_\perp})$ modulation is observed, matching spectator model predictions in $π^+π^-$ pairs. △ Less

Submitted 15 February, 2026; originally announced February 2026.

First Study of the Nuclear Response to Fast Hadrons via Angular Correlations between Pions and Slow Protons in Electron-Nucleus Scattering

Authors: S. J. Paul, M. Arratia, H. Hakobyan, W. Brooks, A. Acar, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, W. R. Armstrong, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, K. -T. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, V. Burkert, T. Cao, D. S. Carman, P. Chatagnon, H. Chinchay, G. Ciullo , et al. (105 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report on the first measurement of angular correlations between high-energy pions and slow protons in electron-nucleus ($eA$) scattering, providing a new probe of how a nucleus responds to a fast-moving quark. The experiment employed the CLAS detector with a 5-GeV electron beam incident on deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets. For heavier nuclei, the pion-proton correlation function is mor… ▽ More We report on the first measurement of angular correlations between high-energy pions and slow protons in electron-nucleus ($eA$) scattering, providing a new probe of how a nucleus responds to a fast-moving quark. The experiment employed the CLAS detector with a 5-GeV electron beam incident on deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets. For heavier nuclei, the pion-proton correlation function is more spread-out in azimuth than for lighter ones, and this effect is more pronounced in the $πp$ channel than in earlier $ππ$ studies. The proton-to-pion yield ratio likewise rises with nuclear mass, although the increase appears to saturate for the heaviest targets. These trends are qualitatively reproduced by state-of-the-art $eA$ event generators, including BeAGLE, eHIJING, and GiBUU, indicating that current descriptions of target fragmentation rest on sound theoretical footing. At the same time, the precision of our data exposes model-dependent discrepancies, delineating a clear path for future improvements in the treatment of cold-nuclear matter effects in $eA$ scattering. △ Less

Submitted 4 February, 2026; v1 submitted 4 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Measurement of Beam-Recoil Observables $C_x$ and $C_z$ for $K^+Λ$ Photoproduction

Authors: CLAS Collaboration, S. Adhikari, B. A. Raue, D. S. Carman, L. Guo, T. Chetry, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, M. Bondi, F. Bossu, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe , et al. (132 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Exclusive photoproduction of $K^+ Λ$ final states off a proton target has been an important component in the search for missing nucleon resonances and our understanding of the production of final states containing strange quarks. Polarization observables have been instrumental in this effort. The current work is an extension of previously published CLAS results on the beam-recoil transferred polar… ▽ More Exclusive photoproduction of $K^+ Λ$ final states off a proton target has been an important component in the search for missing nucleon resonances and our understanding of the production of final states containing strange quarks. Polarization observables have been instrumental in this effort. The current work is an extension of previously published CLAS results on the beam-recoil transferred polarization observables $C_x$ and $C_z$. We extend the kinematic range up to invariant mass $W=3.33$~GeV from the previous limit of $W=2.5$~GeV with significantly improved statistical precision in the region of overlap. These data will provide for tighter constraints on the reaction models used to unravel the spectrum of nucleon resonances and their properties by not only improving the statistical precision of the data within the resonance region, but also by constraining $t$-channel processes that dominate at higher $W$ but extend into the resonance region. △ Less

Submitted 13 August, 2025; originally announced August 2025.

Comments: 18 pages, 16 figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-25-4487

Recoil Polarization in $K^+Y$ Electroproduction in the Nucleon Resonance Region with CLAS12

Authors: D. S. Carman, A. D'Angelo, L. Lanza, V. I. Mokeev, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. J. Amaryan, H. Atac, H. Avakian, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, S. Boiarinov, F. Bossu, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bueltmann, V. D. Burkert, T. Cao, R. Capobianco , et al. (105 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Hyperon recoil polarization measurements for the exclusive electroproduction of $K^+Λ$ and $K^+Σ^0$ final states from an unpolarized proton target have been carried out using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements at beam energies of 6.535~GeV and 7.546~GeV span the range of four-momentum transfer $Q^2$ from 0.3 to 4.5~GeV$^2$ and invariant mass $W$ from 1.6 to 2.4~GeV,… ▽ More Hyperon recoil polarization measurements for the exclusive electroproduction of $K^+Λ$ and $K^+Σ^0$ final states from an unpolarized proton target have been carried out using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements at beam energies of 6.535~GeV and 7.546~GeV span the range of four-momentum transfer $Q^2$ from 0.3 to 4.5~GeV$^2$ and invariant mass $W$ from 1.6 to 2.4~GeV, while covering the full center-of-mass angular range of the $K^+$. These new $Λ$ polarization observables extend the existing data in a similar kinematic range but from a significantly larger dataset. However, they represent the first electroproduction measurements of this observable for the $Σ^0$. These data will allow for better exploration of the reaction mechanism in strangeness production, for further understanding of the spectrum and structure of excited nucleon states that couple to $KY$, and for improved insight into the strong interaction in the non-perturbative domain. △ Less

Submitted 17 May, 2025; originally announced May 2025.

Comments: 23 pages, 15 figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-25-4325

Measurement of single- and double-polarization observables in the photoproduction of $π^+π^-$~meson pairs off the proton using CLAS at Jefferson Laboratory

Authors: P. Roy, S. Cao, V. Crede, E. Klempt, V. A. Nikonov, A. V. Sarantsev, V. D. Burkert, V. Mokeev, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossu, S. Boiarinov, K. -T. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe , et al. (119 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The photoproduction of $π^+π^-$ meson pairs off the proton has been studied in the reaction $γp\to p\,π^+π^-$ using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) and the frozen-spin target (FROST) in Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. For the first time, the beam and target asymmetries, $I^{s,c}$ and $P_{x,y}$, have been measured along with the beam-target double-polari… ▽ More The photoproduction of $π^+π^-$ meson pairs off the proton has been studied in the reaction $γp\to p\,π^+π^-$ using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) and the frozen-spin target (FROST) in Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. For the first time, the beam and target asymmetries, $I^{s,c}$ and $P_{x,y}$, have been measured along with the beam-target double-polarization observables, $P^{s,c}_{x,y}$, using a transversely polarized target with center-of-mass energies ranging from 1.51 GeV up to 2.04 GeV. These data and additional $ππ$ photoproduction observables from CLAS and experiments elsewhere were included in a partial-wave analysis within the Bonn-Gatchina framework. Significant contributions from $s$-channel resonance production are observed in addition to $t$-channel exchange processes. The data indicate significant contributions from $N^\ast$ and $Δ^\ast$ resonances in the third and fourth resonance regions. △ Less

Submitted 29 April, 2025; originally announced April 2025.

Comments: 22 pages, 16 figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-25-4293

Measurement of the nucleon spin structure functions for 0.01<$Q^2$<1 GeV$^2$ using CLAS

Authors: A. Deur, S. E. Kuhn, M. Ripani, X. Zheng, A. G. Acar, P. Achenbach, K. P. Adhikari, J. S. Alvarado, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, W. A. Booth, F. B ossu, P. Bosted, S. Boiarinov , et al. (125 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The spin structure functions of the proton and the deuteron were measured during the EG4 experiment at Jefferson Lab in 2006. Data were collected for longitudinally polarized electron scattering off longitudinally polarized NH$_3$ and ND$_3$ targets, for $Q^2$ values as small as 0.012 and 0.02 GeV$^2$, respectively, using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). This is the archival paper o… ▽ More The spin structure functions of the proton and the deuteron were measured during the EG4 experiment at Jefferson Lab in 2006. Data were collected for longitudinally polarized electron scattering off longitudinally polarized NH$_3$ and ND$_3$ targets, for $Q^2$ values as small as 0.012 and 0.02 GeV$^2$, respectively, using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). This is the archival paper of the EG4 experiment that summaries the previously reported results of the polarized structure functions $g_1$, $A_1F_1$, and their moments $\overline Γ_1$, $\overline γ_0$, and $\overline I_{TT}$, for both the proton and the deuteron. In addition, we report on new results on the neutron $g_1$ extracted by combining proton and deuteron data and correcting for Fermi smearing, and on the neutron moments $\overline Γ_1$, $\overline γ_0$, and $\overline I_{TT}$ formed directly from those of the proton and the deuteron. Our data are in good agreement with the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule for the proton, deuteron, and neutron. Furthermore, the isovector combination was formed for $g_1$ and the Bjorken integral $\overline Γ_1^{p-n}$, and compared to available theoretical predictions. All of our results provide for the first time extensive tests of spin observable predictions from chiral effective field theory ($χ$EFT) in a $Q^2$ range commensurate with the pion mass. They motivate further improvement in $χ$EFT calculations from other approaches such as the lattice gauge method. △ Less

Submitted 3 January, 2026; v1 submitted 12 September, 2024; originally announced September 2024.

Comments: 33 pages. 26 figures. Data tables in csv format are available as supplementary material on Phys. Rev. C site

Report number: JLAB-PHY-24-4184, DOE/OR/23177-7672

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 111, 035202 (2025)

First Measurement of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering on the Neutron with Detection of the Active Neutron

Authors: CLAS Collaboration, A. Hobart, S. Niccolai, M. Čuić, K. Kumerički, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, M. Bondi, W. A. Booth, F. Bossù, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe , et al. (124 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Measuring Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering on the neutron is one of the necessary steps to understand the structure of the nucleon in terms of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs). Neutron targets play a complementary role to transversely polarized proton targets in the determination of the GPD $E$. This poorly known and poorly constrained GPD is essential to obtain the contribution of the qua… ▽ More Measuring Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering on the neutron is one of the necessary steps to understand the structure of the nucleon in terms of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs). Neutron targets play a complementary role to transversely polarized proton targets in the determination of the GPD $E$. This poorly known and poorly constrained GPD is essential to obtain the contribution of the quarks' angular momentum to the spin of the nucleon. DVCS on the neutron was measured for the first time selecting the exclusive final state by detecting the neutron, using the Jefferson Lab longitudinally polarized electron beam, with energies up to 10.6 GeV, and the CLAS12 detector. The extracted beam-spin asymmetries, combined with DVCS observables measured on the proton, allow a clean quark-flavor separation of the imaginary parts of the GPDs $H$ and $E$. △ Less

Submitted 25 June, 2024; v1 submitted 21 June, 2024; originally announced June 2024.

Comments: 7 pages, 6 figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-24-4089

Beam Spin Asymmetry Measurements of Deeply Virtual $π^0$ Production with CLAS12

Authors: A. Kim, S. Diehl, K. Joo, V. Kubarovsky, P. Achenbach, Z. Akbar, J. S. Alvarado, Whitney R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, K. T. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, S. Bueltmann, V. D. Burkert , et al. (132 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The new experimental measurements of beam spin asymmetry were performed for the deeply virtual exclusive $π^0$ production in a wide kinematic region with the photon virtualities $Q^2$ up to 8 GeV$^2$ and the Bjorken scaling variable $x_B$ in the valence regime. The data were collected by the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS12) at Jefferson Lab with longitudinally polarized 10.6 GeV electr… ▽ More The new experimental measurements of beam spin asymmetry were performed for the deeply virtual exclusive $π^0$ production in a wide kinematic region with the photon virtualities $Q^2$ up to 8 GeV$^2$ and the Bjorken scaling variable $x_B$ in the valence regime. The data were collected by the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS12) at Jefferson Lab with longitudinally polarized 10.6 GeV electrons scattered on an unpolarized liquid-hydrogen target. Sizable asymmetry values indicate a substantial contribution from transverse virtual photon amplitudes to the polarized structure functions.The interpretation of these measurements in terms of the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) demonstrates their sensitivity to the chiral-odd GPD $\bar E_T$, which contains information on quark transverse spin densities in unpolarized and polarized nucleons and provides access to the proton's transverse anomalous magnetic moment. Additionally, the data were compared to a theoretical model based on a Regge formalism that was extended to the high photon virtualities. △ Less

Submitted 15 July, 2023; originally announced July 2023.

Comments: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2210.14557

First Measurement of $Λ$ Electroproduction off Nuclei in the Current and Target Fragmentation Regions

Authors: T. Chetry, L. El Fassi, W. K. Brooks, R. Dupré, A. El Alaoui, K. Hafidi, P. Achenbach, K. P. Adhikari, Z. Akbar, W. R. Armstrong, M. Arratia, H. Atac, H. Avakian, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, W. A. Booth , et al. (129 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report results of $Λ$ hyperon production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering off deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets obtained with the CLAS detector and the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility 5.014~GeV electron beam. These results represent the first measurements of the $Λ$ multiplicity ratio and transverse momentum broadening as a function of the energy fraction~($z$)… ▽ More We report results of $Λ$ hyperon production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering off deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets obtained with the CLAS detector and the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility 5.014~GeV electron beam. These results represent the first measurements of the $Λ$ multiplicity ratio and transverse momentum broadening as a function of the energy fraction~($z$) in the current and target fragmentation regions. The multiplicity ratio exhibits a strong suppression at high~$z$~and~an enhancement at~low~$z$. The measured transverse momentum broadening is an order of magnitude greater than that seen for light mesons. This indicates that the propagating entity interacts very strongly with the nuclear medium, which suggests that propagation of diquark configurations in the nuclear medium takes place at least part of the time, even at high~$z$. The trends of these results are qualitatively described by the Giessen Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model, particularly for the multiplicity ratios. These observations will potentially open a new era of studies of the structure of the nucleon as well as of strange baryons. △ Less

Submitted 1 April, 2023; v1 submitted 24 October, 2022; originally announced October 2022.

Comments: 14 pages, 6 figures

First observation of correlations between spin and transverse momenta in back-to-back dihadron production at CLAS12

Authors: H. Avakian, T. B. Hayward, A. Kotzinian, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, S. Boiarinov, F. Bossù, K. T. Brinkman, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, S. Bueltmann, D. Bulumulla, V. D. Burkert , et al. (131 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the first measurements of deep inelastic scattering spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in back-to-back dihadron electroproduction, where two hadrons are produced in opposite hemispheres along the z-axis in the center-of-mass frame, with the first hadron produced in the current-fragmentation region and the second in the target-fragmentation region. The data were taken with longitudinall… ▽ More We report the first measurements of deep inelastic scattering spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in back-to-back dihadron electroproduction, where two hadrons are produced in opposite hemispheres along the z-axis in the center-of-mass frame, with the first hadron produced in the current-fragmentation region and the second in the target-fragmentation region. The data were taken with longitudinally polarized electron beams of 10.2 and 10.6 GeV incident on an unpolarized liquid-hydrogen target using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Lab. Observed non-zero $\sinΔφ$ modulations in $ep \rightarrow e'pπ^+X$ events, where $Δφ$ is the difference of the azimuthal angles of the proton and pion in the virtual photon and target nucleon center-of-mass frame, indicate that correlations between the spin and transverse momenta of hadrons produced in the target- and current-fragmentation regions may be significant. The measured beam-spin asymmetries provide a first access in dihadron production to a previously unobserved leading-twist spin- and transverse-momentum-dependent fracture function. The fracture functions describe the hadronization of the target remnant after the hard scattering of a virtual photon off a quark in the target particle and provide a new avenue for studying nucleonic structure and hadronization. △ Less

Submitted 9 August, 2022; originally announced August 2022.

Comments: 7 pages, 6 figures

Alignment of the CLAS12 central hybrid tracker with a Kalman Filter

Authors: S. J. Paul, A. Peck, M. Arratia, Y. Gotra, V. Ziegler, R. De Vita, F. Bossu, M. Defurne, H. Atac, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, S. Boiarinov, K. Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe , et al. (109 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Several factors can contribute to the difficulty of aligning the sensors of tracking detectors, including a large number of modules, multiple types of detector technologies, and non-linear strip patterns on the sensors. All three of these factors apply to the CLAS12 CVT, which is a hybrid detector consisting of planar silicon sensors with non-parallel strips, and cylindrical micromegas sensors wit… ▽ More Several factors can contribute to the difficulty of aligning the sensors of tracking detectors, including a large number of modules, multiple types of detector technologies, and non-linear strip patterns on the sensors. All three of these factors apply to the CLAS12 CVT, which is a hybrid detector consisting of planar silicon sensors with non-parallel strips, and cylindrical micromegas sensors with longitudinal and arc-shaped strips located within a 5~T superconducting solenoid. To align this detector, we used the Kalman Alignment Algorithm, which accounts for correlations between the alignment parameters without requiring the time-consuming inversion of large matrices. This is the first time that this algorithm has been adapted for use with hybrid technologies, non-parallel strips, and curved sensors. We present the results for the first alignment of the CLAS12 CVT using straight tracks from cosmic rays and from a target with the magnetic field turned off. After running this procedure, we achieved alignment at the level of 10~$μ$m, and the widths of the residual spectra were greatly reduced. These results attest to the flexibility of this algorithm and its applicability to future use in the CLAS12 CVT and other hybrid or curved trackers, such as those proposed for the future Electron-Ion Collider. △ Less

Submitted 9 August, 2022; originally announced August 2022.

Journal ref: Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A 1049 (2023) 168032

Observation of azimuth-dependent suppression of hadron pairs in electron scattering off nuclei

Authors: S. J. Paul, S. Moran, M. Arratia, A. El Alaoui, H. Hakobyan, W. Brooks, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossu, S. Boiarinov, K. Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe , et al. (120 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We present the first measurement of di-hadron angular correlations in electron-nucleus scattering. The data were taken with the CLAS detector and a 5.0 GeV electron beam incident on deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets. Relative to deuterium, the nuclear yields of charged-pion pairs show a strong suppression for azimuthally opposite pairs, no suppression for azimuthally nearby pairs, and an e… ▽ More We present the first measurement of di-hadron angular correlations in electron-nucleus scattering. The data were taken with the CLAS detector and a 5.0 GeV electron beam incident on deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets. Relative to deuterium, the nuclear yields of charged-pion pairs show a strong suppression for azimuthally opposite pairs, no suppression for azimuthally nearby pairs, and an enhancement of pairs with large invariant mass. These effects grow with increased nuclear size. The data are qualitatively described by the GiBUU model, which suggests that hadrons form near the nuclear surface and undergo multiple-scattering in nuclei. These results show that angular correlation studies can open a new way to elucidate how hadrons form and interact inside nuclei △ Less

Submitted 5 November, 2022; v1 submitted 14 July, 2022; originally announced July 2022.

Comments: 6 pages, 4 figures

Journal ref: Phys.Rev.Lett. 129 (2022) 18, 182501

Exclusive $π^{-}$ Electroproduction off the Neutron in Deuterium in the Resonance Region

Authors: Y. Tian, R. W. Gothe, V. I. Mokeev, G. Hollis, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. Biselli, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, M. Bondì, K. T. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bueltmann, D. Bulumulla, V. D. Burkert, R. Capobianco , et al. (118 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: New results for the exclusive and quasi-free cross sections off neutrons bound in deuterium $γ_vn(p) \rightarrow pπ^{-} (p)$ are presented over a wide final state hadron angle range with a kinematic coverage of the invariant mass ($W$) up to 1.825 GeV and the virtual photon four-momentum transfer squared ($Q^{2}$) from 0.4 to 1.0 GeV$^2$. The exclusive structure functions were extracted and their… ▽ More New results for the exclusive and quasi-free cross sections off neutrons bound in deuterium $γ_vn(p) \rightarrow pπ^{-} (p)$ are presented over a wide final state hadron angle range with a kinematic coverage of the invariant mass ($W$) up to 1.825 GeV and the virtual photon four-momentum transfer squared ($Q^{2}$) from 0.4 to 1.0 GeV$^2$. The exclusive structure functions were extracted and their Legendre moments were obtained. Final-state-interaction contributions have been kinematically separated from the extracted quasi-free cross sections off bound neutrons solely based on the analysis of the experimental data. These new results will serve as long-awaited input for phenomenological analyses to extract the $Q^{2}$ evolution of previously unavailable $n \to N^{*}$ electroexcitation amplitudes and to improve state-of-the-art models of neutrino scattering off nuclei by augmenting the already available results from free protons. △ Less

Submitted 11 January, 2023; v1 submitted 31 March, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Comments: The author list has been updated

Beam-Recoil Transferred Polarization in $K^+Y$ Electroproduction in the Nucleon Resonance Region with CLAS12

Authors: D. S. Carman, A. D'Angelo, L. Lanza, V. I. Mokeev, K. P. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, S. Boiarinov, F. Bossu, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bueltmann, D. Bulumulla, V. D. Burkert, R. Capobianco , et al. (116 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Beam-recoil transferred polarizations for the exclusive electroproduction of $K^+Λ$ and $K^+Σ^0$ final states from an unpolarized proton target have been measured using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements at beam energies of 6.535~GeV and 7.546~GeV span the range of four-momentum transfer $Q^2$ from 0.3 to 4.5~GeV$^2$ and invariant energy $W$ from 1.6 to 2.4~GeV, whil… ▽ More Beam-recoil transferred polarizations for the exclusive electroproduction of $K^+Λ$ and $K^+Σ^0$ final states from an unpolarized proton target have been measured using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements at beam energies of 6.535~GeV and 7.546~GeV span the range of four-momentum transfer $Q^2$ from 0.3 to 4.5~GeV$^2$ and invariant energy $W$ from 1.6 to 2.4~GeV, while covering the full center-of-mass angular range of the $K^+$. These new data extend the existing hyperon polarization data from CLAS in a similar kinematic range but from a significantly larger dataset. They represent an important addition to the world data, allowing for better exploration of the reaction mechanism in strangeness production processes, for further understanding of the spectrum and structure of excited nucleon states, and for improved insight into the strong interaction in the regime of non-perturbative dynamics. △ Less

Submitted 7 February, 2022; originally announced February 2022.

Comments: 25 pages, 22 figures, 4 tables

Report number: JLAB-PHY-22-3560

Polarized Structure Function $σ_{LT'}$ from $π^0 p$ Electroproduction Data in the Resonance Region at $0.4$ GeV$^2 < Q^2 < 1.0$ GeV$^2$

Authors: E. L. Isupov, V. D. Burkert, A. A. Golubenko, K. Joo, N. S. Markov, V. I. Mokeev, L. C. Smith, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossù, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, D. Bulumulla, R. A. Capobianco, D. S. Carman , et al. (116 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The first results on the $σ_{LT'}$ structure function in exclusive $π^0p$ electroproduction at invariant masses of the final state of 1.5 GeV $<$ $W$ $<$ 1.8 GeV and in the range of photon virtualities 0.4 GeV$^2 < Q^2 < 1.0$ GeV$^2$ were obtained from data on beam spin asymmetries and differential cross sections measured with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. The Legendre moments determined fro… ▽ More The first results on the $σ_{LT'}$ structure function in exclusive $π^0p$ electroproduction at invariant masses of the final state of 1.5 GeV $<$ $W$ $<$ 1.8 GeV and in the range of photon virtualities 0.4 GeV$^2 < Q^2 < 1.0$ GeV$^2$ were obtained from data on beam spin asymmetries and differential cross sections measured with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. The Legendre moments determined from the $σ_{LT'}$ structure function have demonstrated sensitivity to the contributions from the nucleon resonances in the second and third resonance regions. These new data on the beam spin asymmetries in $π^0p$ electroproduction extend the opportunities for the extraction of the nucleon resonance electroexcitation amplitudes in the mass range above 1.6 GeV. △ Less

Submitted 14 December, 2021; originally announced December 2021.

Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-21-3552

Measurement of charged-pion production in deep-inelastic scattering off nuclei with the CLAS detector

Authors: S. Moran, R. Dupre, H. Hakobyan, M. Arratia, W. K. Brooks, A. Borquez, A. El Alaoui, L. El Fassi, K. Hafidi, R. Mendez, T. Mineeva, S. J. Paul, M. J. Amaryan, Giovanni Angelini, Whitney R. Armstrong, H. Atac, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, Fatiha Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. S. Biselli , et al. (119 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Background: Energetic quarks in nuclear DIS propagate through the nuclear medium. Processes that are believed to occur inside nuclei include quark energy loss through medium-stimulated gluon bremsstrahlung and intra-nuclear interactions of forming hadrons. More data are required to gain a more complete understanding of these effects. Purpose: To test the theoretical models of parton transport and… ▽ More Background: Energetic quarks in nuclear DIS propagate through the nuclear medium. Processes that are believed to occur inside nuclei include quark energy loss through medium-stimulated gluon bremsstrahlung and intra-nuclear interactions of forming hadrons. More data are required to gain a more complete understanding of these effects. Purpose: To test the theoretical models of parton transport and hadron formation, we compared their predictions for the nuclear and kinematic dependence of pion production in nuclei. Methods: We have measured charged-pion production in semi-inclusive DIS off D, C, Fe, and Pb using the CLAS detector and the CEBAF 5.014 GeV electron beam. We report results on the nuclear-to-deuterium multiplicity ratio for $π^{+}$ and $π^{-}$ as a function of energy transfer, four-momentum transfer, and pion energy fraction or transverse momentum - the first three-dimensional study of its kind. Results: The $π^{+}$ multiplicity ratio is found to depend strongly on the pion fractional energy $z$, and reaches minimum values of $0.67\pm0.03$, $0.43\pm0.02$, and $0.27\pm0.01$ for the C, Fe, and Pb targets, respectively. The $z$ dependences of the multiplicity ratios for $π^{+}$ and $π^{-}$ are equal within uncertainties for C and Fe targets but show differences at the level of 10$\%$ for the Pb-target data. The results are qualitatively described by the GiBUU transport model, as well as with a model based on hadron absorption, but are in tension with calculations based on nuclear fragmentation functions. Conclusions: These precise results will strongly constrain the kinematic and flavor dependence of nuclear effects in hadron production, probing an unexplored kinematic region. They will help to reveal how the nucleus reacts to a fast quark, thereby shedding light on its color structure, transport properties, and on the mechanisms of the hadronization process. △ Less

Submitted 13 January, 2022; v1 submitted 21 September, 2021; originally announced September 2021.

Comments: 22 pages, 5 figures, 12 tables

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 105, 015201, (2022)

Improved $Λp$ Elastic Scattering Cross Sections Between 0.9 and 2.0 GeV/c and Connections to the Neutron Star Equation of State

Authors: CLAS Collaboration, J. Rowley, N. Compton, C. Djalali, K. Hicks, J. Price, N. Zachariou, K. P. Adhikari, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, L. Baashen, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossu, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, D. Bulumulla , et al. (121 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Strange matter is believed to exist in the cores of neutron stars based on simple kinematics. If this is true, then hyperon-nucleon interactions will play a significant part in the neutron star equation of state (EOS). Yet, compared to other elastic scattering processes, there is very little data on $Λ$-$N$ scattering. This experiment utilized the CLAS detector to study the $Λp \rightarrow Λp$ ela… ▽ More Strange matter is believed to exist in the cores of neutron stars based on simple kinematics. If this is true, then hyperon-nucleon interactions will play a significant part in the neutron star equation of state (EOS). Yet, compared to other elastic scattering processes, there is very little data on $Λ$-$N$ scattering. This experiment utilized the CLAS detector to study the $Λp \rightarrow Λp$ elastic scattering cross section in the incident $Λ$ momentum range 0.9-2.0 GeV/c. This is the first data on this reaction in several decades. The new cross sections have significantly better accuracy and precision than the existing world data, and the techniques developed here can also be used in future experiments. △ Less

Submitted 6 August, 2021; originally announced August 2021.

Comments: 6 pages, 5 figures

Measurement of deeply virtual Compton scattering off Helium-4 with CLAS at Jefferson Lab

Authors: R. Dupré, M. Hattawy, N. A. Baltzell, S. Bültmann, R. De Vita, A. El Alaoui, L. El Fassi, H. Egiyan, F. X. Girod, M. Guidal, K. Hafidi, D. Jenkins, S. Liuti, Y. Perrin, S. Stepanyan, B. Torayev, E. Voutier, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, F. Benmokhtar , et al. (116 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report on the measurement of the beam spin asymmetry in the deeply virtual Compton scattering off $^4$He using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab using a 6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam incident on a pressurized $^4$He gaseous target. We detail the method used to ensure the exclusivity of the measured reactions, in particular the upgrade of CLAS with a… ▽ More We report on the measurement of the beam spin asymmetry in the deeply virtual Compton scattering off $^4$He using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab using a 6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam incident on a pressurized $^4$He gaseous target. We detail the method used to ensure the exclusivity of the measured reactions, in particular the upgrade of CLAS with a radial time projection chamber to detect the low-energy recoiling $^4$He nuclei and an inner calorimeter to extend the photon detection acceptance at forward angles. Our results confirm the theoretically predicted enhancement of the coherent ($e^4$He$~\to~e'$$^4$He$'γ'$) beam spin asymmetries compared to those observed on the free proton, while the incoherent ($e^4$He$~\to~e'$p$'γ'$X$'$) asymmetries exhibit a 30$\%$ suppression. From the coherent data, we were able to extract, in a model-independent way, the real and imaginary parts of the only $^4$He Compton form factor, $\cal H_A$, leading the way toward 3D imaging of the partonic structure of nuclei. △ Less

Submitted 16 August, 2021; v1 submitted 15 February, 2021; originally announced February 2021.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 104, 025203 (2021)

Measurement of the proton spin structure at long distances

Authors: X. Zheng, A. Deur, H. Kang, S. E. Kuhn, M. Ripani, J. Zhang, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, H. Atac, H. Avakian, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, M. Bondi, F. Bossu, P. Bosted, W. J. Briscoe, J. Brock, W. K. Brooks, D. Bulumulla , et al. (126 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Measuring the spin structure of protons and neutrons tests our understanding of how they arise from quarks and gluons, the fundamental building blocks of nuclear matter. At long distances the coupling constant of the strong interaction becomes large, requiring non-perturbative methods to calculate quantum chromodynamics processes, such as lattice gauge theory or effective field theories. Here we r… ▽ More Measuring the spin structure of protons and neutrons tests our understanding of how they arise from quarks and gluons, the fundamental building blocks of nuclear matter. At long distances the coupling constant of the strong interaction becomes large, requiring non-perturbative methods to calculate quantum chromodynamics processes, such as lattice gauge theory or effective field theories. Here we report proton spin structure measurements from scattering a polarized electron beam off polarized protons. The spin-dependent cross-sections were measured at large distances, corresponding to the region of low momentum transfer squared between 0.012 and 1.0 GeV$^2$. This kinematic range provides unique tests of chiral effective field theory predictions. Our results show that a complete description of the nucleon spin remains elusive, and call for further theoretical works, e.g. in lattice quantum chromodynamics. Finally, our data extrapolated to the photon point agree with the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule, a fundamental prediction of quantum field theory that relates the anomalous magnetic moment of the proton to its integrated spin-dependent cross-sections. △ Less

Submitted 12 January, 2022; v1 submitted 4 February, 2021; originally announced February 2021.

Comments: Published version. 10 pages, 5 figures. 20 pages of supplementary material (data tables and a figure)

Report number: JLAB-PHY-20-3251, DOE/OR/23177-5042

Journal ref: Nature Physics, vo. 17 736-741 (2021)

Beam spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive electroproduction of a hadron pair

Authors: M. Mirazita, H. Avakian, A. Courtoy, S. Pisano, S. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, G. Angelini, H. Atac, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, Fatiha Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, F. Bossu', S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, D. Bulumulla, V. D. Burkert, D. S. Carman, J. C. Carvajal, A. Celentano, P. Chatagnon , et al. (118 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: A first measurement of the longitudinal beam spin asymmetry ALU in the semi-inclusive electroproduction of pairs of charged pions is reported. ALU is a higher-twist observable and offers the cleanest access to the nucleon twist-3 parton distribution function e(x). Data have been collected in the Hall-B at Jefferson Lab by impinging a 5.498 GeV electron beam on a liquid-hydrogen target, and reconst… ▽ More A first measurement of the longitudinal beam spin asymmetry ALU in the semi-inclusive electroproduction of pairs of charged pions is reported. ALU is a higher-twist observable and offers the cleanest access to the nucleon twist-3 parton distribution function e(x). Data have been collected in the Hall-B at Jefferson Lab by impinging a 5.498 GeV electron beam on a liquid-hydrogen target, and reconstructing the scattered electron and the pion pair with the CLAS detector. One-dimensional projections of the sin(phiR) moments of ALU are extracted for the kinematic variables of interest in the valence quark region. The understanding of di-hadron production is essential for the interpretation of observables in single hadron production in semi-inclusive DIS, and pioneering measurements of single spin asymmetries in di-hadron production open a new avenue in studies of QCD dynamics. △ Less

Submitted 19 October, 2020; originally announced October 2020.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 062002 (2021)

Extraction of beam-spin asymmetries from the hard exclusive $π^{+}$ channel off protons in a wide range of kinematics

Authors: S. Diehl, K. Joo, A. Kim, H. Avakian, P. Kroll, K. Park, D. Riser, K. Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K. Tezgin, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, G. Angelini, G. Asryan, H. Atac, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, F. Boss`u, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks , et al. (113 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We have measured beam-spin asymmetries to extract the $\sinφ$ moment $A_{LU}^{\sinφ}$ from the hard exclusive $\vec{e} p \to e^\prime n π^+$ reaction above the resonance region, for the first time with nearly full coverage from forward to backward angles in the center-of-mass. The $A_{LU}^{\sinφ}$ moment has been measured up to 6.6 GeV$^{2}$ in $-t$, covering the kinematic regimes of Generalized P… ▽ More We have measured beam-spin asymmetries to extract the $\sinφ$ moment $A_{LU}^{\sinφ}$ from the hard exclusive $\vec{e} p \to e^\prime n π^+$ reaction above the resonance region, for the first time with nearly full coverage from forward to backward angles in the center-of-mass. The $A_{LU}^{\sinφ}$ moment has been measured up to 6.6 GeV$^{2}$ in $-t$, covering the kinematic regimes of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPD) and baryon-to-meson Transition Distribution Amplitudes (TDA) at the same time. The experimental results in very forward kinematics demonstrate the sensitivity to chiral-odd and chiral-even GPDs. In very backward kinematics where the TDA framework is applicable, we found $A_{LU}^{\sinφ}$ to be negative, while a sign change was observed near 90$^\circ$ in the center-of-mass. The unique results presented in this paper will provide critical constraints to establish reaction mechanisms that can help to further develop the GPD and TDA frameworks. △ Less

Submitted 30 July, 2020; originally announced July 2020.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 182001 (2020)

An experimental program with high duty-cycle polarized and unpolarized positron beams at Jefferson Lab

Authors: A. Accardi, A. Afanasev, I. Albayrak, S. F. Ali, M. Amaryan, J. R. M. Annand, J. Arrington, A. Asaturyan, H. Atac, H. Avakian, T. Averett, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, X. Bai, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, V. Bellini, R. Beminiwattha, F. Benmokhtar, V. V. Berdnikov, J. C. Bernauer, V. Bertone, A. Bianconi, A. Biselli, P. Bisio, P. Blunden , et al. (205 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Positron beams, both polarized and unpolarized, are identified as essential ingredients for the experimental programs at the next generation of lepton accelerators. In the context of the hadronic physics program at Jefferson Lab (JLab), positron beams are complementary, even essential, tools for a precise understanding of the electromagnetic structure of nucleons and nuclei, in both the elastic an… ▽ More Positron beams, both polarized and unpolarized, are identified as essential ingredients for the experimental programs at the next generation of lepton accelerators. In the context of the hadronic physics program at Jefferson Lab (JLab), positron beams are complementary, even essential, tools for a precise understanding of the electromagnetic structure of nucleons and nuclei, in both the elastic and deep-inelastic regimes. For instance, elastic scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons from the nucleon enables a model independent determination of its electromagnetic form factors. Also, the deeply-virtual scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons allows unambiguous separation of the different contributions to the cross section of the lepto-production of photons and of lepton-pairs, enabling an accurate determination of the nucleons and nuclei generalized parton distributions, and providing an access to the gravitational form factors. Furthermore, positron beams offer the possibility of alternative tests of the Standard Model of particle physics through the search of a dark photon, the precise measurement of electroweak couplings, and the investigation of charged lepton flavor violation. This document discusses the perspectives of an experimental program with high duty-cycle positron beams at JLab. △ Less

Submitted 21 May, 2021; v1 submitted 29 July, 2020; originally announced July 2020.

Comments: 18 pages, 7 figures This version superseeds the previous version which scientific content was decomposed into several more elaborated articles. All of these articles will be collected in the EPJ A Topical Issue about "Positron beam and physics at Jefferson Lab (e+@Jlab)"

Photoproduction of $η$ mesons off the proton for $1.2 < E_γ< 4.7$ GeV using CLAS at Jefferson Laboratory

Authors: T. Hu, Z. Akbar, V. Crede, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, G. Angelini, G. Asryan, H. Atac, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, F. Bossu, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, D. S. Carman, J. Carvajal, A. Celentano, P. Chatagnon, T. Chetry , et al. (126 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Photoproduction cross sections are reported for the reaction $γp\to pη$ using energy-tagged photons and the CLAS spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The $η$ mesons are detected in their dominant charged decay mode, $η\to π^+π^-π^0$, and results on differential cross sections are presented for incident photon energies between 1.2 and 4.7 GeV. These new $η$ photoproduction data are consistent with… ▽ More Photoproduction cross sections are reported for the reaction $γp\to pη$ using energy-tagged photons and the CLAS spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The $η$ mesons are detected in their dominant charged decay mode, $η\to π^+π^-π^0$, and results on differential cross sections are presented for incident photon energies between 1.2 and 4.7 GeV. These new $η$ photoproduction data are consistent with earlier CLAS results but extend the energy range beyond the nucleon resonance region into the Regge regime. The normalized angular distributions are also compared with the experimental results from several other experiments, and with predictions of $η$ MAID\,2018 and the latest solution of the Bonn-Gatchina coupled-channel analysis. Differential cross sections $dσ/dt$ are presented for incident photon energies $E_γ> 2.9$ GeV ($W > 2.5$ GeV), and compared with predictions which are based on Regge trajectories exchange in the $t$-channel (Regge models). The data confirm the expected dominance of $ρ$, $ω$ vector-meson exchange in an analysis by the Joint Physics Analysis Center. △ Less

Submitted 10 December, 2020; v1 submitted 1 June, 2020; originally announced June 2020.

Comments: 24 pages, 22 figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-20-3201

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 102, 065203 (2020)

Probing the core of the strong nuclear interaction

Authors: A. Schmidt, J. R. Pybus, R. Weiss, E. P. Segarra, A. Hrnjic, A. Denniston, O. Hen, E. Piasetzky, L. B. Weinstein, N. Barnea, M. Strikman, A. Larionov, D. Higinbotham, S. Adhikari, M. Amaryan, G. Angelini, G. Asryan, H. Atac, H. Avakian, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, L. Baashen, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, A. Beck , et al. (140 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The strong nuclear interaction between nucleons (protons and neutrons) is the effective force that holds the atomic nucleus together. This force stems from fundamental interactions between quarks and gluons (the constituents of nucleons) that are described by the equations of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). However, as these equations cannot be solved directly, physicists resort to describing nuclea… ▽ More The strong nuclear interaction between nucleons (protons and neutrons) is the effective force that holds the atomic nucleus together. This force stems from fundamental interactions between quarks and gluons (the constituents of nucleons) that are described by the equations of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). However, as these equations cannot be solved directly, physicists resort to describing nuclear interactions using effective models that are well constrained at typical inter-nucleon distances in nuclei but not at shorter distances. This limits our ability to describe high-density nuclear matter such as in the cores of neutron stars. Here we use high-energy electron scattering measurements that isolate nucleon pairs in short-distance, high-momentum configurations thereby accessing a kinematical regime that has not been previously explored by experiments, corresponding to relative momenta above 400 MeV/c. As the relative momentum between two nucleons increases and their separation thereby decreases, we observe a transition from a spin-dependent tensor-force to a predominantly spin-independent scalar-force. These results demonstrate the power of using such measurements to study the nuclear interaction at short-distances and also support the use of point-like nucleons with two- and three-body effective interactions to describe nuclear systems up to densities several times higher than the central density of atomic nuclei. △ Less

Submitted 27 October, 2020; v1 submitted 23 April, 2020; originally announced April 2020.

Comments: Total 26 pages, 13 figures. Main text: 8 pages, 3 figures. Methods section: 6 pages. Extended Data: 8 figures, 1 table. Supplementary Materials: 8 pages, 2 figures

Journal ref: Nature vol. 578 pp. 540-544 (2020)

Physics with Positron Beams at Jefferson Lab 12 GeV

Authors: A. Afanasev, I. Albayrak, S. Ali, M. Amaryan, A. D'Angelo, J. Annand, J. Arrington, A. Asaturyan, H. Avakian, T. Averett, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, V. Bellini, V. Berdnikov, J. Bernauer, A. Biselli, M. Boer, M. Bondì, K. -T. Brinkmann, B. Briscoe, V. Burkert, A. Camsonne, T. Cao, L. Cardman, M. Carmignotto , et al. (102 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Positron beams, both polarized and unpolarized, are identified as essential ingredients for the experimental program at the next generation of lepton accelerators. In the context of the Hadronic Physics program at the Jefferson Laboratory (JLab), positron beams are complementary, even essential, tools for a precise understanding of the electromagnetic structure of the nucleon, in both the elastic… ▽ More Positron beams, both polarized and unpolarized, are identified as essential ingredients for the experimental program at the next generation of lepton accelerators. In the context of the Hadronic Physics program at the Jefferson Laboratory (JLab), positron beams are complementary, even essential, tools for a precise understanding of the electromagnetic structure of the nucleon, in both the elastic and the deep-inelastic regimes. For instance, elastic scattering of (un)polarized electrons and positrons off the nucleon allows for a model independent determination of the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon. Also, the deeply virtual Compton scattering of (un)polarized electrons and positrons allows us to separate unambiguously the different contributions to the cross section of the lepto-production of photons, enabling an accurate determination of the nucleon Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs), and providing an access to its Gravitational Form Factors. Furthermore, positron beams offer the possibility of alternative tests of the Standard Model through the search of a dark photon or the precise measurement of electroweak couplings. This letter proposes to develop an experimental positron program at JLab to perform unique high impact measurements with respect to the two-photon exchange problem, the determination of the proton and the neutron GPDs, and the search for the $A^{\prime}$ dark photon. △ Less

Submitted 22 June, 2019; originally announced June 2019.

Comments: Letter-of-Intent to Jefferson Lab PAC46

Report number: Jefferson Lab LOI12-18-004

Exploring the Structure of the Bound Proton with Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering

Authors: M. Hattawy, N. A. Baltzell, R. Dupré, S. Bültmann, R. De Vita, A. El Alaoui, L. El Fassi, H. Egiyan, F. X. Girod, M. Guidal, K. Hafidi, D. Jenkins, S. Liuti, Y. Perrin, S. Stepanyan, B. Torayev, E. Voutier, S. Adhikari, Giovanni Angelini, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, A. S. Biselli, F. Bossù , et al. (103 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: In the past two decades, deeply virtual Compton scattering of electrons has been successfully used to advance our knowledge of the partonic structure of the free proton and investigate correlations between the transverse position and the longitudinal momentum of quarks inside the nucleon. Meanwhile, the structure of bound nucleons in nuclei has been studied in inclusive deep-inelastic lepton scatt… ▽ More In the past two decades, deeply virtual Compton scattering of electrons has been successfully used to advance our knowledge of the partonic structure of the free proton and investigate correlations between the transverse position and the longitudinal momentum of quarks inside the nucleon. Meanwhile, the structure of bound nucleons in nuclei has been studied in inclusive deep-inelastic lepton scattering experiments off nuclear targets, showing a significant difference in longitudinal momentum distribution of quarks inside the bound nucleon, known as the EMC effect. In this work, we report the first beam spin asymmetry (BSA) measurement of exclusive deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) off a proton bound in $^4$He. The data used here were accumulated using a $6$ GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam incident on a pressurized $^4$He gaseous target placed within the CLAS spectrometer in Hall-B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The azimuthal angle ($φ$) dependence of the BSA was studied in a wide range of virtual photon and scattered proton kinematics. The $Q^2$, $x_B$, and t dependencies of the BSA on the bound proton are compared with those on the free proton. In the whole kinematical region of our measurements, the BSA on the bound proton is smaller by 20\% to 40\%, indicating possible medium modification of its partonic structure. △ Less

Submitted 28 June, 2019; v1 submitted 18 December, 2018; originally announced December 2018.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 032502 (2019)

First Measurements of the Double-Polarization Observables $F$, $P$, and $H$ in $ω$ Photoproduction off Transversely Polarized Protons in the $N^\ast$ Resonance Region

Authors: P. Roy, S. Park, V. Crede, A. V. Anisovich, E. Klempt, V. A. Nikonov, A. V. Sarantsev, N. C. Wei, F. Huang, K. Nakayama, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, G. Angelini, H. Avakian, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, J. Brock, W. K. Brooks, V. D. Burkert, F. Cao, C. Carlin , et al. (123 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: First measurements of double-polarization observables in $ω$ photoproduction off the proton are presented using transverse target polarization and data from the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) FROST experiment at Jefferson Lab. The beam-target asymmetry $F$ has been measured using circularly polarized, tagged photons in the energy range 1200 - 2700 MeV, and the beam-target asymmetries… ▽ More First measurements of double-polarization observables in $ω$ photoproduction off the proton are presented using transverse target polarization and data from the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) FROST experiment at Jefferson Lab. The beam-target asymmetry $F$ has been measured using circularly polarized, tagged photons in the energy range 1200 - 2700 MeV, and the beam-target asymmetries $H$ and $P$ have been measured using linearly polarized tagged photons in the energy range 1200 - 2000 MeV. These measurements significantly increase the database on polarization observables. The results are included in two partial-wave analyses and reveal significant contributions from several nucleon ($N^\ast$) resonances. In particular, contributions from new $N^\ast$ resonances listed in the Review of Particle Properties are observed, which aid in reaching the goal of mapping out the nucleon resonance spectrum. △ Less

Submitted 1 May, 2019; v1 submitted 5 December, 2018; originally announced December 2018.

Comments: Two authors added, figures updated

Report number: JLAB-PHY-18-2879

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 162301 (2019)

First results on nucleon resonance photocouplings from the $γp \to π^+π^-p$ reaction

Authors: CLAS Collaboration, E. Golovatch, V. D. Burkert, D. S. Carman, R. W. Gothe, K. Hicks, B. S. Ishkhanov, V. I. Mokeev, E. Pasyuk, S. Adhikari, Z. Akbar, M. J. Amaryan, H. Avakian, J. Ball, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, F. Cao, A. Celentano, P. Chatagnon, T. Chetry , et al. (105 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the first experimental measurements of the nine 1-fold differential cross sections for the $γp \to π^+π^-p$ reaction, obtained with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements cover the invariant mass range of the final state hadrons from 1.6~GeV~$<W<$~2.0~GeV. For the first time the photocouplings of all prominent nucleon resonances in this mass range have been extracted… ▽ More We report the first experimental measurements of the nine 1-fold differential cross sections for the $γp \to π^+π^-p$ reaction, obtained with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements cover the invariant mass range of the final state hadrons from 1.6~GeV~$<W<$~2.0~GeV. For the first time the photocouplings of all prominent nucleon resonances in this mass range have been extracted from this exclusive channel. Photoproduction of two charged pions is of particular importance for the evaluation of the photocouplings for the $Δ(1620)1/2^-$, $Δ(1700)3/2^-$, $N(1720)3/2^+$, and $Δ(1905)5/2^+$ resonances, which have dominant decays into the $ππN$ final states rather than the more extensively studied single meson decay channels. △ Less

Submitted 7 November, 2018; v1 submitted 5 June, 2018; originally announced June 2018.

Beam-Target Helicity Asymmetry $E$ in $K^{0}Λ$ and $K^{0}Σ^0$ Photoproduction on the Neutron

Authors: CLAS Collaboration, D. H. Ho, R. A. Schumacher, A. D'Angelo, A. Deur, J. Fleming, C. Hanretty, T. Kageya, F. J. Klein, E. Klempt, M. M. Lowry, H. Lu, V. A. Nikonov, P. Peng, A. M. Sandorfi, A. V. Sarantsev, I. I. Strakovsky, N. K. Walford, X. Wei, R. L. Workman, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, D. Adikaram, Z. Akbar, J. Ball , et al. (124 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the first measurements of the $E$ beam-target helicity asymmetry for the $\vecγ \vec{n} \to K^{0}Λ$, and $K^{0}Σ^{0}$ channels in the energy range 1.70$\leq W\leq$2.34 GeV. The CLAS system at Jefferson Lab uses a circularly polarized photon beam and a target consisting of longitudinally polarized solid molecular hydrogen deuteride with low background contamination for the measurements. T… ▽ More We report the first measurements of the $E$ beam-target helicity asymmetry for the $\vecγ \vec{n} \to K^{0}Λ$, and $K^{0}Σ^{0}$ channels in the energy range 1.70$\leq W\leq$2.34 GeV. The CLAS system at Jefferson Lab uses a circularly polarized photon beam and a target consisting of longitudinally polarized solid molecular hydrogen deuteride with low background contamination for the measurements. The multivariate analysis method boosted decision trees was used to isolate the reactions of interest. Comparisons with predictions from the KaonMAID, SAID, and Bonn-Gatchina models are presented. These results will help separate the isospin $I=0$ and $I=1$ photo-coupling transition amplitudes in pseudoscalar meson photoproduction. △ Less

Submitted 16 October, 2018; v1 submitted 11 May, 2018; originally announced May 2018.

Comments: 14 pages, 9 figures; Revised to match published version

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 98, 045205 (2018)

Exclusive photoproduction of $π^0$ up to large values of Mandelstam variables $s, t$ and $u$ with CLAS

Authors: M. C. Kunkel, 32, 18 M. J. Amaryan, 32, I. I. Strakovsky, 16 J. Ritman, 3, 18 G. R. Goldstein, 43 K. P. Adhikari, 28 S Adhikari, 13 H. Avakian, 39 J. Ball, 7 I. Balossino, 19 L. Barion, 19 M. Battaglieri, 21 V. Batourine, 39, 27 I. Bedlinskiy, 25 A. S. Biselli, 11, 5 S. Boiarinov, 39 W. J. Briscoe, 16 W. K. Brooks, 40, 39 S. Bueltmann , et al. (147 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Exclusive photoproduction cross sections have been measured for the process $γp \rightarrow pπ^0(e^+e^-(γ))$ with the Dalitz decay final state using tagged photon energies in the range of $E_γ = 1.275-5.425$ GeV. The complete angular distribution of the final state $π^0$, for the entire photon energy range up to large values of $t$ and $u$, has been measured for the first time. The data obtained s… ▽ More Exclusive photoproduction cross sections have been measured for the process $γp \rightarrow pπ^0(e^+e^-(γ))$ with the Dalitz decay final state using tagged photon energies in the range of $E_γ = 1.275-5.425$ GeV. The complete angular distribution of the final state $π^0$, for the entire photon energy range up to large values of $t$ and $u$, has been measured for the first time. The data obtained show that the cross section $dσ/dt$, at mid to large angles, decreases with energy as $s^{-6.89\pm 0.26} $. This is in agreement with the perturbative QCD quark counting rule prediction of $s^{-7} $. Paradoxically, the size of angular distribution of measured cross sections is greatly underestimated by the QCD based Generalized Parton Distribution mechanism at highest available invariant energy $s=11$ GeV$^2$. At the same time, the Regge exchange based models for $π^0$ photoproduction are more consistent with experimental data. △ Less

Submitted 29 December, 2017; originally announced December 2017.

Comments: 7 pages, 6 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 98, 015207 (2018)

Double $K_S^0$ Photoproduction off the Proton at CLAS

Authors: S. Chandavar, J. T. Goetz, K. Hicks, D. Keller, M. C. Kunkel, M. Paolone, D. P. Weygand, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, Z. Akbar, J. Ball, I. Balossino, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, A. S. Biselli, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, V. D. Burkert, F. Cao, D. S. Carman, A. Celentano, G. Charles, T. Chetry , et al. (102 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The $f_0$(1500) meson resonance is one of several contenders to have significant mixing with the lightest glueball. This resonance is well established from several previous experiments. Here we present the first photoproduction data for the $f_0$(1500) via decay into the $K_S^0 K_S^0$ channel using the CLAS detector. The reaction $γp$ -> $f_0 p$ -> $K_S^0 K_S^0 p$, where J = 0, 2, was measured wit… ▽ More The $f_0$(1500) meson resonance is one of several contenders to have significant mixing with the lightest glueball. This resonance is well established from several previous experiments. Here we present the first photoproduction data for the $f_0$(1500) via decay into the $K_S^0 K_S^0$ channel using the CLAS detector. The reaction $γp$ -> $f_0 p$ -> $K_S^0 K_S^0 p$, where J = 0, 2, was measured with photon energies from 2.7 to 5.1 GeV. A clear peak is seen at 1500 MeV in the background subtracted invariant mass spectra of the two kaons. This is enhanced if the measured 4-momentum transfer to the proton target is restricted to be less than 1.0 GeV2. By comparing data with simulations, it can be concluded that the peak at 1500 MeV is produced primarily at low t, which is consistent with a t-channel production mechanism. △ Less

Submitted 6 December, 2017; originally announced December 2017.

Comments: 12 pages, 12 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 97, 025203 (2018)

Measurement of the beam asymmetry $Σ$ and the target asymmetry $T$ in the photoproduction of $ω$ mesons off the proton using CLAS at Jefferson Laboratory

Authors: P. Roy, Z. Akbar, S. Park, V. Crede, A. V. Anisovich, I. Denisenko, E. Klempt, V. A. Nikonov, A. V. Sarantsev, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, S. Anefalos Pereira, J. Ball, I. Balossino, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, V. Batourine, I. Bedlinskiy, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, J. Brock, W. K. Brooks, V. D. Burkert, C. Carlin , et al. (121 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The photoproduction of $ω$ mesons off the proton has been studied in the reaction $γp\to p\,ω$ using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) and the frozen-spin target (FROST) in Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. For the first time, the target asymmetry, $T$, has been measured in photoproduction from the decay $ω\toπ^+π^-π^0$, using a transversely-polarized targe… ▽ More The photoproduction of $ω$ mesons off the proton has been studied in the reaction $γp\to p\,ω$ using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) and the frozen-spin target (FROST) in Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. For the first time, the target asymmetry, $T$, has been measured in photoproduction from the decay $ω\toπ^+π^-π^0$, using a transversely-polarized target with energies ranging from just above the reaction threshold up to 2.8 GeV. Significant non-zero values are observed for these asymmetries, reaching about 30-40% in the third-resonance region. New measurements for the photon-beam asymmetry, $Σ$, are also presented, which agree well with previous CLAS results and extend the world database up to 2.1 GeV. These data and additional $ω$-photoproduction observables from CLAS were included in a partial-wave analysis within the Bonn-Gatchina framework. Significant contributions from $s$-channel resonance production were found in addition to $t$-channel exchange processes. △ Less

Submitted 10 May, 2018; v1 submitted 14 November, 2017; originally announced November 2017.

Comments: 15 pages, 10 figures, author list and references updated

Report number: JLAB-PHY-17-2583

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 97, 055202 (2018)

Measurement of the Q^2 Dependence of the Deuteron Spin Structure Function g_1 and its Moments at Low Q^2 with CLAS

Authors: K. P. Adhikari, A. Deur, L. El Fassi, H. Kang, S. E. Kuhn, M. Ripani, K. Slifer, X. Zheng, S. Adhikari, Z. Akbar, M. J. Amaryan, H. Avakian, J. Ball, I. Balossino, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, A. S. Biselli, P. Bosted, W. J. Briscoe, J. Brock, S. Bueltmann, V. D. Burkert, F. Thanh Cao, C. Carlin , et al. (123 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We measured the $g_1$ spin structure function of the deuteron at low $Q^{2}$, where QCD can be approximated with chiral perturbation theory ($χ$PT). The data cover the resonance region, up to an invariant mass of $W\approx1.9$~GeV. The generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum, the moment $\barΓ_{1}^{d}$ and the integral $\bar{I}_γ^d$ related to the spin polarizability $γ_{0}^{d}$ are precisely determ… ▽ More We measured the $g_1$ spin structure function of the deuteron at low $Q^{2}$, where QCD can be approximated with chiral perturbation theory ($χ$PT). The data cover the resonance region, up to an invariant mass of $W\approx1.9$~GeV. The generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum, the moment $\barΓ_{1}^{d}$ and the integral $\bar{I}_γ^d$ related to the spin polarizability $γ_{0}^{d}$ are precisely determined down to a minimum $Q^2$ of 0.02~GeV$^2$ for the first time, about 2.5 times lower than that of previous data. We compare them to several $χ$PT calculations and models. These results are the first in a program of benchmark measurements of polarization observables in the $χ$PT domain. △ Less

Submitted 18 February, 2022; v1 submitted 6 November, 2017; originally announced November 2017.

Comments: Version 1: version published in Phys. Rev. Lett. 6 pages, 3 figures. Supplementary material: data table for g1d and its moments (10 pages) V2: Figures labels changed and text slightly modified to clarify the exact nature of the measured moments V3: Corrected a typo page 5 for the theoretical value expected for deuteron GDH sum rule (agreement between measurement and expectation is improved)

Report number: JLAB-PHY-17-2585

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 062501 (2018)

Semi-Inclusive $π_0$ target and beam-target asymmetries from 6 GeV electron scattering with CLAS

Authors: S. Jawalkar, S. Koirala, H. Avakian, P. Bosted, K. A. Griffioen, C. Keith, S. E. Kuhn, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, D. Adikaram, Z. Akbar, M. J. Amaryan, S. Anefalos Pereira, H. Avakian, J. Ball, N. A. Baltzell, M. Battaglieri, V. Batourine, I. Bedlinskiy, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, J. Brock, W. K. Brooks, S. Bultmann , et al. (139 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We present precision measurements of the target and beam-target spin asymmetries from neutral pion electroproduction in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab. We scattered 6-GeV, longitudinally polarized electrons off longitudinally polarized protons in a cryogenic $^{14}$NH$_3$ target, and extracted double and single target spin asym… ▽ More We present precision measurements of the target and beam-target spin asymmetries from neutral pion electroproduction in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab. We scattered 6-GeV, longitudinally polarized electrons off longitudinally polarized protons in a cryogenic $^{14}$NH$_3$ target, and extracted double and single target spin asymmetries for $ep\rightarrow e^\primeπ^0X$ in multidimensional bins in four-momentum transfer ($1.0<Q^2<3.2$ GeV$^2$), Bjorken-$x$ ($0.12<x<0.48$), hadron energy fraction ($0.4<z<0.7$), transverse pion momentum ($0<P_T<1.0$ GeV), and azimuthal angle $φ_h$ between the lepton scattering and hadron production planes. We extracted asymmetries as a function of both $x$ and $P_T$, which provide access to transverse-momentum distributions of longitudinally polarized quarks. The double spin asymmetries depend weakly on $P_T$. The $\sin 2φ_h$ moments are zero within uncertainties, which is consistent with the expected suppression of the Collins fragmentation function. The observed $\sinφ_h$ moments suggest that quark gluon correlations are significant at large $x$. △ Less

Submitted 24 April, 2018; v1 submitted 21 September, 2017; originally announced September 2017.

Comments: 18 preprint pages, 3 figures

First Exclusive Measurement of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering off $^4$He: Toward the 3D Tomography of Nuclei

Authors: M. Hattawy, N. A. Baltzell, R. Dupré, K. Hafidi, S. Stepanyan, S. Bültmann, R. De Vita, A. El Alaoui, L. El Fassi, H. Egiyan, F. X. Girod, M. Guidal, D. Jenkins, S. Liuti, Y. Perrin, B. Torayev, E. Voutier, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, D. Adikaram, Z. Akbar, M. J. Amaryan, S. Anefalos Pereira, Whitney R. Armstrong, H. Avakian , et al. (135 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report on the first measurement of the beam-spin asymmetry in the exclusive process of coherent deeply virtual Compton scattering off a nucleus. The experiment used the 6 GeV electron beam from the CEBAF accelerator at Jefferson Lab incident on a pressurized $^4$He gaseous target placed in front of the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). The scattered electron was detected by CLAS and t… ▽ More We report on the first measurement of the beam-spin asymmetry in the exclusive process of coherent deeply virtual Compton scattering off a nucleus. The experiment used the 6 GeV electron beam from the CEBAF accelerator at Jefferson Lab incident on a pressurized $^4$He gaseous target placed in front of the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). The scattered electron was detected by CLAS and the photon by a dedicated electromagnetic calorimeter at forward angles. To ensure the exclusivity of the process, a specially designed radial time projection chamber was used to detect the recoiling $^4$He nuclei. We measured beam-spin asymmetries larger than those observed on the free proton in the same kinematic domain. From these, we were able to extract, in a model-independent way, the real and imaginary parts of the only $^4$He Compton form factor, $\cal H_A$. This first measurement of coherent deeply virtual Compton scattering on the $^4$He nucleus, with a fully exclusive final state via nuclear recoil tagging, leads the way toward 3D imaging of the partonic structure of nuclei. △ Less

Submitted 11 July, 2017; originally announced July 2017.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 202004 (2017)

Photon beam asymmetry $Σ$ in the reaction $\vecγ p \to p ω$ for $E_γ$ = 1.152 to 1.876 GeV

Authors: CLAS Collaboration, P. Collins, B. G. Ritchie, M. Dugger, F. J. Klein, A. V. Anisovich, E. Klempt, V. A. Nikonov, A. Sarantsev, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, D. Adikaram, Z. Akbar, S. Anefalos Pereira, H. Avakian, J. Ball, N. A. Baltzell, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, V. Batourine, I. Bedlinskiy, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks , et al. (125 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Photon beam asymmetry $Σ$ measurements for $ω$ photoproduction in the reaction $\vecγ p \to ωp$ are reported for photon energies from 1.152 to 1.876 GeV. Data were taken using a linearly-polarized tagged photon beam, a cryogenic hydrogen target, and the CLAS spectrometer in Hall B at Jefferson Lab. The measurements obtained markedly increase the size of the database for this observable, extend cov… ▽ More Photon beam asymmetry $Σ$ measurements for $ω$ photoproduction in the reaction $\vecγ p \to ωp$ are reported for photon energies from 1.152 to 1.876 GeV. Data were taken using a linearly-polarized tagged photon beam, a cryogenic hydrogen target, and the CLAS spectrometer in Hall B at Jefferson Lab. The measurements obtained markedly increase the size of the database for this observable, extend coverage to higher energies, and resolve discrepancies in previously published data. Comparisons of these new results with predictions from a chiral-quark-based model and from a dynamical coupled-channels model indicate the importance of interferences between $t$-channel meson exchange and $s$- and $u$-channel contributions, underscoring sensitivity to the nucleon resonances included in those descriptions. Comparisons with the Bonn-Gatchina partial-wave analysis indicate the $Σ$ data reported here help to fix the magnitudes of the interference terms between the leading amplitudes in that calculation (Pomeron exchange and the resonant portion of the $J^P=3/2^+$ partial wave), as well as the resonant portions of the smaller partial waves with $J^P$= $1/2^-$, $3/2^-$, and $5/2^+$. △ Less

Submitted 13 June, 2017; originally announced June 2017.

Comments: 10 pages, 3 figures

Differential Cross Section Measurements for $γn\toπ^-p$ Above the First Nucleon Resonance Region

Authors: P. T. Mattione, D. S. Carman, I. I. Strakovsky, R. L. Workman, A. E. Kudryavtsev, A. Svarc, V. E. Tarasov, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, D. Adikaram, Z. Akbar, S. Anefalos Pereira, J. Ball, N. A. Baltzell, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, V. Batourine, I. Bedlinskiy, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, V. D. Burkert, T. Cao, A. Celentano, G. Charles , et al. (123 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The quasi-free $γd\toπ^{-}p(p)$ differential cross section has been measured with CLAS at photon beam energies $E_γ$ from 0.445 GeV to 2.510 GeV (corresponding to $W$ from 1.311 GeV to 2.366 GeV) for pion center-of-mass angles $\cosθ_π^{c.m.}$ from -0.72 to 0.92. A correction for final state interactions has been applied to this data to extract the $γn\toπ^-p$ differential cross sections. These cr… ▽ More The quasi-free $γd\toπ^{-}p(p)$ differential cross section has been measured with CLAS at photon beam energies $E_γ$ from 0.445 GeV to 2.510 GeV (corresponding to $W$ from 1.311 GeV to 2.366 GeV) for pion center-of-mass angles $\cosθ_π^{c.m.}$ from -0.72 to 0.92. A correction for final state interactions has been applied to this data to extract the $γn\toπ^-p$ differential cross sections. These cross sections are quoted in 8428 $(E_γ,\cosθ_π^{c.m.})$ bins, a factor of nearly three increase in the world statistics for this channel in this kinematic range. These new data help to constrain coupled-channel analysis fits used to disentangle the spectrum of $N^*$ resonances and extract their properties. Selected photon decay amplitudes $N^* \to γn$ at the resonance poles are determined for the first time and are reported here. △ Less

Submitted 30 August, 2017; v1 submitted 6 June, 2017; originally announced June 2017.

Report number: JLAB-PHY-17-2478

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 96, 035204 (2017)

Exclusive $η$ electroproduction at $W>2$ GeV with CLAS and transversity generalized parton distributions

Authors: CLAS Collaboration, I. Bedlinskiy, V. Kubarovsky, P. Stoler, K. P. Adhikari, Z. Akbar, S. Anefalos Pereira, H. Avakian, J. Ball, N. A. Baltzell, M. Battaglieri, V. Batourine, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, V. D. Burkert, T. Cao, D. S. Carman, A. Celentano, S. Chandavar, G. Charles, G. Ciullo, L. Clark, L. Colaneri, P. L. Cole , et al. (122 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The cross section of the exclusive $η$ electroproduction reaction $ep\to e^\prime p^\prime η$ was measured at Jefferson Lab with a 5.75-GeV electron beam and the CLAS detector. Differential cross sections $d^4σ/dtdQ^2dx_Bdφ_η$ and structure functions $σ_U = σ_T+εσ_L, σ_{TT}$ and $σ_{LT}$, as functions of $t$ were obtained over a wide range of $Q^2$ and $x_B$. The $η$ structure functions are compar… ▽ More The cross section of the exclusive $η$ electroproduction reaction $ep\to e^\prime p^\prime η$ was measured at Jefferson Lab with a 5.75-GeV electron beam and the CLAS detector. Differential cross sections $d^4σ/dtdQ^2dx_Bdφ_η$ and structure functions $σ_U = σ_T+εσ_L, σ_{TT}$ and $σ_{LT}$, as functions of $t$ were obtained over a wide range of $Q^2$ and $x_B$. The $η$ structure functions are compared with those previously measured for $π^0$ at the same kinematics. At low $t$, both $π^0$ and $η$ are described reasonably well by generalized parton distributions (GPDs) in which chiral-odd transversity GPDs are dominant. The $π^0$ and $η$ data, when taken together, can facilitate the flavor decomposition of the transversity GPDs. △ Less

Submitted 20 March, 2017; originally announced March 2017.

Comments: 16 pages, 16 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 95, 035202 (2017)

Target and beam-target spin asymmetries in exclusive pion electroproduction for $Q^2>1$ GeV$^2$. II. $e p \rightarrow e π^0 p$

Authors: P. E. Bosted, A. Kim, K. P. Adhikari, D. Adikaram, Z. Akbar, M. J. Amaryan, S. Anefalos Pereira, H. Avakian, R. A. Badui, J. Ball, I. Balossino, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, S. Bültmann, V. D. Burkert, T. Cao, D. S. Carman, A. Celentano, S. Chandavar, G. Charles, T. Chetry , et al. (131 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Beam-target double-spin asymmetries and target single-spin asymmetries were measured for the exclusive $π^0$ electroproduction reaction $γ^* p \to p π^0$, expanding an analysis of the $γ^* p \to n π^+$ reaction from the same experiment. The results were obtained from scattering of 6 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons off longitudinally polarized protons using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectro… ▽ More Beam-target double-spin asymmetries and target single-spin asymmetries were measured for the exclusive $π^0$ electroproduction reaction $γ^* p \to p π^0$, expanding an analysis of the $γ^* p \to n π^+$ reaction from the same experiment. The results were obtained from scattering of 6 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons off longitudinally polarized protons using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer at Jefferson Lab. The kinematic range covered is $1.1<W<3$ GeV and $1<Q^2<6$ GeV$^2$. Results were obtained for about 5700 bins in $W$, $Q^2$, \cthcm, and $φ^*$. The beam-target asymmetries were found to generally be greater than zero, with relatively modest \phicmsp dependence. The target asymmetries exhibit very strong \phicmsp dependence, with a change in sign occurring between results at low $W$ and high $W$, in contrast to $π^+$ electroproduction. Reasonable agreement is found with phenomenological fits to previous data for $W<1.6$ GeV, but significant differences are seen at higher $W$. When combined with cross section measurements, as well as $π^+$ observables, the present results will provide powerful constraints on nucleon resonance amplitudes at moderate and large values of $Q^2$, for resonances with masses as high as 2.4 GeV. △ Less

Submitted 15 November, 2016; originally announced November 2016.

Comments: 28 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 95, 035207 (2017)

Target and Beam-Target Spin Asymmetries in Exclusive Pion Electroproduction for $Q^2>1$ GeV$^2$. I. $e p \rightarrow e π^+ n$

Authors: P. E. Bosted, M. J. Amaryan, S. Anefalos Pereira, H. Avakian, R. A. Badui, J. Ball, N. A. Baltzell, M. Battaglieri, V. Batourine, I. Bedlinskiy, A. S. Biselli, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bültmann, V. D. Burkert, D. S. Carman, A. Celentano, S. Chandavar, G. Charles, L. Clark, L. Colaneri, P. L. Cole, M. Contalbrigo, V. Crede, A. D'Angelo, R. De Vita , et al. (93 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Beam-target double-spin asymmetries and target single-spin asymmetries were measured for the exclusive $π^+$ electroproduction reaction $γ^* p \to n π^+$. The results were obtained from scattering of 6 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons off longitudinally polarized protons using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer at Jefferson Lab. The kinematic range covered is $1.1<W<3$ GeV and… ▽ More Beam-target double-spin asymmetries and target single-spin asymmetries were measured for the exclusive $π^+$ electroproduction reaction $γ^* p \to n π^+$. The results were obtained from scattering of 6 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons off longitudinally polarized protons using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer at Jefferson Lab. The kinematic range covered is $1.1<W<3$ GeV and $1<Q^2<6$ GeV$^2$. Results were obtained for about 6000 bins in $W$, $Q^2$, $\cos(θ^*)$, and $φ^*$. Except at forward angles, very large target-spin asymmetries are observed over the entire $W$ region. Reasonable agreement is found with phenomenological fits to previous data for $W<1.6$ GeV, but very large differences are seen at higher values of $W$. A GPD-based model is in poor agreement with the data. When combined with cross section measurements, the present results provide powerful constraints on nucleon resonance amplitudes at moderate and large values of $Q^2$, for resonances with masses as high as 2.4 GeV. △ Less

Submitted 10 October, 2016; v1 submitted 25 July, 2016; originally announced July 2016.

Comments: 27 pages, 11 figures, 1 supplemental data file. This version was submitted to Phys. Rev. C on October 7, 2016. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1604.04350

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 95, 035206 (2017)

Measurement of Target and Double-spin Asymmetries for the $\vec e\vec p\to eπ^+ (n)$ Reaction in the Nucleon Resonance Region at Low $Q^2$

Authors: X. Zheng, K. P. Adhikari, P. Bosted, A. Deur, V. Drozdov, L. El Fassi, Hyekoo Kang, K. Kovacs, S. Kuhn, E. Long, S. K. Phillips, M. Ripani, K. Slifer, L. C. Smith, D. Adikaram, Z. Akbar, M. J. Amaryan, S. Anefalos Pereira, G. Asryan, H. Avakian, R. A. Badui, J. Ball, N. A. Baltzell, M. Battaglieri, V. Batourine , et al. (125 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report measurements of target- and double-spin asymmetries for the exclusive channel $\vec e\vec p\to eπ^+ (n)$ in the nucleon resonance region at Jefferson Lab using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). These asymmetries were extracted from data obtained using a longitudinally polarized NH$_3$ target and a longitudinally polarized electron beam with energies 1.1, 1.3, 2.0, 2.3 and 3… ▽ More We report measurements of target- and double-spin asymmetries for the exclusive channel $\vec e\vec p\to eπ^+ (n)$ in the nucleon resonance region at Jefferson Lab using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). These asymmetries were extracted from data obtained using a longitudinally polarized NH$_3$ target and a longitudinally polarized electron beam with energies 1.1, 1.3, 2.0, 2.3 and 3.0 GeV. The new results are consistent with previous CLAS publications but are extended to a low $Q^2$ range from $0.0065$ to $0.35$ (GeV$/c$)$^2$. The $Q^2$ access was made possible by a custom-built Cherenkov detector that allowed the detection of electrons for scattering angles as low as $6^\circ$. These results are compared with the unitary isobar models JANR and MAID, the partial-wave analysis prediction from SAID and the dynamic model DMT. In many kinematic regions our results, in particular results on the target asymmetry, help to constrain the polarization-dependent components of these models. △ Less

Submitted 18 October, 2016; v1 submitted 13 July, 2016; originally announced July 2016.

Comments: 20 pages, 15 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. C

Measurements of the Separated Longitudinal Structure Function F_L from Hydrogen and Deuterium Targets at Low Q^2

Authors: V. Tvaskis, A. Tvaskis, I. Niculescu, D. Abbott, G. S. Adams, A. Afanasev, A. Ahmidouch, T. Angelescu, J. Arrington, R. Asaturyan, S. Avery, O. K. Baker, N. Benmouna, B. L. Berman, A. Biselli, H. P. Blok, W. U. Boeglin, P. E. Bosted, E. Brash, H. Breuer, G. Chang, N. Chant, M. E. Christy, S. H. Connell, M. M. Dalton , et al. (78 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Structure functions, as measured in lepton-nucleon scattering, have proven to be very useful in studying the quark dynamics within the nucleon. However, it is experimentally difficult to separately determine the longitudinal and transverse structure functions, and consequently there are substantially less data available for the longitudinal structure function in particular. Here we present separat… ▽ More Structure functions, as measured in lepton-nucleon scattering, have proven to be very useful in studying the quark dynamics within the nucleon. However, it is experimentally difficult to separately determine the longitudinal and transverse structure functions, and consequently there are substantially less data available for the longitudinal structure function in particular. Here we present separated structure functions for hydrogen and deuterium at low four--momentum transfer squared, Q^2< 1 GeV^2, and compare these with parton distribution parameterizations and a k_T factorization approach. While differences are found, the parameterizations generally agree with the data even at the very low Q^2 scale of the data. The deuterium data show a smaller longitudinal structure function, and smaller ratio of longitudinal to transverse cross section R, than the proton. This suggests either an unexpected difference in R for the proton and neutron or a suppression of the gluonic distribution in nuclei. △ Less

Submitted 8 June, 2016; originally announced June 2016.

Comments: 11 pages, 7 figures, 2 data tables

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 97, 045204 (2018)

Target and Beam-Target Spin Asymmetries in Exclusive $π^+$ and $π^-$ Electroproduction with 1.6 to 5.7 GeV Electrons

Authors: P. E. Bosted, A. S. Biselli, S. Careccia, G. Dodge, R. Fersch, S. E. Kuhn, J. Pierce, Y. Prok, X. Zheng, K. P. Adhikari, D. Adikaram, Z. Akbar, M. J. Amaryan, S. Anefalos Pereira, G. Asryan, H. Avakian, R. A. Badui, J. Ball, N. A. Baltzell, M. Battaglieri, V. Batourine, I. Bedlinskiy, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bültmann , et al. (137 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Beam-target double spin asymmetries and target single-spin asymmetries in exclusive $π^+$ and $π^-$ electroproduction were obtained from scattering of 1.6 to 5.7 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons from longitudinally polarized protons (for $π^+$) and deuterons (for $π^-$) using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab. The kinematic range covered is $1.1<W<2.6$ GeV and… ▽ More Beam-target double spin asymmetries and target single-spin asymmetries in exclusive $π^+$ and $π^-$ electroproduction were obtained from scattering of 1.6 to 5.7 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons from longitudinally polarized protons (for $π^+$) and deuterons (for $π^-$) using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab. The kinematic range covered is $1.1<W<2.6$ GeV and $0.05<Q^2<5$ GeV$^2$, with good anglular coverage in the forward hemisphere. The asymmetry results were divided into approximately 40,000 kinematic bins for $π^+$ from free protons and 15,000 bins for $π^-$ production from bound nucleons in the deuteron. The present results are found to be in reasonable agreement with fits to previous world data for $W<1.7$ GeV and $Q^2<0.5$ GeV$^2$, with discrepancies increasing at higher values of $Q^2$, especially for $W>1.5$ GeV. Very large target-spin asymmetries are observed for $W>1.6$ GeV. When combined with cross section measurements, the present results will provide powerful constraints on nucleon resonance amplitudes at moderate and large values of $Q^2$, for resonances with masses as high as 2.3 GeV. △ Less

Submitted 10 October, 2016; v1 submitted 15 April, 2016; originally announced April 2016.

Comments: 47 pages, 24 figures. This is a revised version that was accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C. in early October, 2016

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 94, 055201 (2016)

Measurement of two-photon exchange effect by comparing elastic $e^\pm p$ cross sections

Authors: D. Rimal, D. Adikaram, B. A. Raue, L. B. Weinstein, J. Arrington, W. K. Brooks, M. Ungaro, K. P. Adhikari, Z. Akbar, S. Anefalos Pereira, R. A. Badui, J. Ball, N. A. Baltzell, M. Battaglieri, V. Batourine, I. Bedlinskiy, R. P. Bennett, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bültmann, D. S. Carman, A. Celentano, T. Chetry, G. Ciullo , et al. (120 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: [Background] The electromagnetic form factors of the proton measured by unpolarized and polarized electron scattering experiments show a significant disagreement that grows with the squared four momentum transfer ($Q^{2}$). Calculations have shown that the two measurements can be largely reconciled by accounting for the contributions of two-photon exchange (TPE). TPE effects are not typically incl… ▽ More [Background] The electromagnetic form factors of the proton measured by unpolarized and polarized electron scattering experiments show a significant disagreement that grows with the squared four momentum transfer ($Q^{2}$). Calculations have shown that the two measurements can be largely reconciled by accounting for the contributions of two-photon exchange (TPE). TPE effects are not typically included in the standard set of radiative corrections since theoretical calculations of the TPE effects are highly model dependent, and, until recently, no direct evidence of significant TPE effects has been observed. [Purpose] We measured the ratio of positron-proton to electron-proton elastic-scattering cross sections in order to determine the TPE contribution to elastic electron-proton scattering and thereby resolve the proton electric form factor discrepancy. [Methods] We produced a mixed simultaneous electron-positron beam in Jefferson Lab's Hall B by passing the 5.6 GeV primary electron beam through a radiator to produce a bremsstrahlung photon beam and then passing the photon beam through a convertor to produce electron/positron pairs. The mixed electron-positron (lepton) beam with useful energies from approximately 0.85 to 3.5 GeV then struck a 30-cm long liquid hydrogen (LH$_2$) target located within the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). By detecting both the scattered leptons and the recoiling protons we identified and reconstructed elastic scattering events and determined the incident lepton energy. A detailed description of the experiment is presented. △ Less

Submitted 18 June, 2017; v1 submitted 1 March, 2016; originally announced March 2016.

Comments: 21 pages, 22 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 95, 065201 (2017)

Target and Double Spin Asymmetries of Deeply Virtual $π^0$ Production with a Longitudinally Polarized Proton Target and CLAS

Authors: A. Kim, H. Avakian, V. Burkert, K. Joo, W. Kim, K. P. Adhikari, Z. Akbar, S. Anefalos Pereira, R. A. Badui, M. Battaglieri, V. Batourine, I. Bedlinskiy, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, P. Bosted, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, S. Bültmann, T. Cao, D. S. Carman, A. Celentano, S. Chandavar, G. Charles, T. Chetry, L. Colaneri , et al. (104 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The target and double spin asymmetries of the exclusive pseudoscalar channel $\vec e\vec p\to epπ^0$ were measured for the first time in the deep-inelastic regime using a longitudinally polarized 5.9 GeV electron beam and a longitudinally polarized proton target at Jefferson Lab with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). The data were collected over a large kinematic phase space and divi… ▽ More The target and double spin asymmetries of the exclusive pseudoscalar channel $\vec e\vec p\to epπ^0$ were measured for the first time in the deep-inelastic regime using a longitudinally polarized 5.9 GeV electron beam and a longitudinally polarized proton target at Jefferson Lab with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). The data were collected over a large kinematic phase space and divided into 110 four-dimensional bins of $Q^2$, $x_B$, $-t$ and $φ$. Large values of asymmetry moments clearly indicate a substantial contribution to the polarized structure functions from transverse virtual photon amplitudes. The interpretation of experimental data in terms of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) provides the first insight on the chiral-odd GPDs $\tilde{H}_T$ and $E_T$, and complement previous measurements of unpolarized structure functions sensitive to the GPDs $H_T$ and $\bar E_T$. These data provide necessary constraints for chiral-odd GPD parametrizations and will strongly influence existing theoretical handbag models. △ Less

Submitted 14 March, 2017; v1 submitted 10 November, 2015; originally announced November 2015.

Journal ref: Physics Letters B 768 (2017) 168-173

Deeply virtual Compton scattering at Jefferson Laboratory

Authors: Angela Biselli

Abstract: The generalized parton distributions (GPDs) have emerged as a universal tool to describe hadrons in terms of their elementary constituents, the quarks and the gluons. Deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) on a proton or neutron ($N$), $e N \rightarrow e' N' γ$, is the process more directly interpretable in terms of GPDs. The amplitudes of DVCS and Bethe-Heitler, the process where a photon is em… ▽ More The generalized parton distributions (GPDs) have emerged as a universal tool to describe hadrons in terms of their elementary constituents, the quarks and the gluons. Deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) on a proton or neutron ($N$), $e N \rightarrow e' N' γ$, is the process more directly interpretable in terms of GPDs. The amplitudes of DVCS and Bethe-Heitler, the process where a photon is emitted by either the incident or scattered electron, can be accessed via cross-section measurements or exploiting their interference which gives rise to spin asymmetries. Spin asymmetries, cross sections and cross-section differences can be connected to different combinations of the four leading-twist GPDs (${H}$, ${E}$, ${\tilde{H}}$, ${\tilde{E}}$) for each quark flavors, depending on the observable and on the type of target. This paper gives an overview of recent experimental results obtained for DVCS at Jefferson Laboratory in the halls A and B. Several experiments have been done extracting DVCS observables over large kinematics regions. Multiple measurements with overlapping kinematic regions allow to perform a quasi-model independent extraction of the Compton form factors, which are GPDs integrals, revealing a 3D image of the nucleon. △ Less

Submitted 15 October, 2015; originally announced October 2015.

Comments: Talk presented CIPANP2015. 8 pages, LaTeX, 7 figures

Report number: CIPANP2015-Biselli