Showing 1–50 of 118 results for author: Ireland, D

Multi-Differential DVCS Cross Section Measurement on the Proton in the Valence Region with CLAS12

Authors: S. Lee, T. B. Hayward, L. Elouadrhiri, R. G. Milner, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Avakian, N. A. Baltzell, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, S. Boiarinov, F. Bossù, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, N. L. Bucuru Rodriguez, S. Bueltmann, V. D. Burkert, T. Cao, D. S. Carman , et al. (116 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the measurement of the four-fold differential cross section of deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) on the proton using a longitudinally polarized 10.6 GeV CEBAF electron beam incident on a liquid-hydrogen target with the CLAS12 detector. The analysis provides 1312 data points, expanding the measured phase space in the valence quark region, 0.06 < $x_B$ < 0.58, 1.00 < $Q^2$ < 5.76 Ge… ▽ More We report the measurement of the four-fold differential cross section of deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) on the proton using a longitudinally polarized 10.6 GeV CEBAF electron beam incident on a liquid-hydrogen target with the CLAS12 detector. The analysis provides 1312 data points, expanding the measured phase space in the valence quark region, 0.06 < $x_B$ < 0.58, 1.00 < $Q^2$ < 5.76 GeV$^2$, and 0.11 < $|t|$ < 1.00 GeV$^2$. DVCS cross section measurements directly constrain the real part of the DVCS amplitude through its interference with the Bethe-Heitler process, making them essential inputs to global extractions of the Compton Form Factors (CFFs), particularly the dominant CFF $H$. These data improve sensitivity to these observables and can contribute to future determinations of the proton's internal mechanical structure. △ Less

Submitted 20 August, 2026; originally announced August 2026.

Report number: JLAB-PHY-26-4911

First measurement of polarized spin-density matrix elements and differential cross sections d$σ$/d$t$ in $ω$~photoproduction off the proton for $2.7 < E_γ< 5.2$ GeV using CLAS at Jefferson Lab

Authors: T. Hu, Z. Akbar, V. Crede, J. M. Laget, V. Mathieu, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bueltmann, D. Bulumulla, V. D. Burkert, R. Capobianco , et al. (125 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report on the differential cross sections d$σ$/d$t$, the unpolarized spin-density matrix elements $ρ^0_{00}$, $ρ^0_{1-1}$, Re\,$ρ^0_{10}$, and the first extraction of the polarized elements Im\,$ρ^3_{10}$, Im\,$ρ^3_{1-1}$ for the reaction $γp\to pω$ using the CLAS spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The $ω$~mesons were detected in their dominant charged decay mode, $ω\to π^+π^-π^0$, and all… ▽ More We report on the differential cross sections d$σ$/d$t$, the unpolarized spin-density matrix elements $ρ^0_{00}$, $ρ^0_{1-1}$, Re\,$ρ^0_{10}$, and the first extraction of the polarized elements Im\,$ρ^3_{10}$, Im\,$ρ^3_{1-1}$ for the reaction $γp\to pω$ using the CLAS spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The $ω$~mesons were detected in their dominant charged decay mode, $ω\to π^+π^-π^0$, and all $t$-dependent results are presented in a fine binning for incident photon energies between 2.73 and 5.16~GeV (corresponding to the center-of-mass energy range $W \in [\,2.45,3.25\,]$~GeV). All matrix elements are first measurements for $-t > 0.6$~GeV$^2$. Moreover, differential cross sections d$σ$/d(cos\,$Θ_{\rm \,c.m.}^{\,ω}$) and the corresponding angle-dependent unpolarized spin-density matrix elements in the Adair frame are presented for the incident photon energy range 1.56--3.80~GeV (corresponding to $W \in [\,1.95,2.83\,]$~GeV). These new $ω$~photoproduction data are consistent with earlier CLAS results but extend the energy range well beyond the nucleon resonance region into the Regge regime. The comparison with Regge-theory-based model predictions shows that the new data impose more stringent constraints on our understanding of $ω$~photoproduction. △ Less

Submitted 11 August, 2026; originally announced August 2026.

Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication by Physics Letters B

ePIC Early Science Report

Authors: D. Abbott, N. Abdelrahman, S. Abhijit, I. Abualrob, R. B. Achari, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, K. Adkins, A. Affolder, K. Agarwal, J. Agarwala, N. Agrawal, C. A. Aidala, W. Akers, A. Al-bataineh, S. N. Alam, M. Alekseev, P. R. Altieri, J. -S. Alvarado Gallenao, S. B. L. Amar, R. Ammendola, I. Amos Cali, G. An, D. Anderson, E. Anderssen , et al. (774 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This Early Science Report from the ePIC Collaboration outlines the compelling physics program achievable during the first years of operation of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), prior to the establishment of the full design luminosity and energy range. The analyses are based on realistic early-running beam configurations and detailed Geant4 ePIC detector simulations, hit digitization and data recon… ▽ More This Early Science Report from the ePIC Collaboration outlines the compelling physics program achievable during the first years of operation of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), prior to the establishment of the full design luminosity and energy range. The analyses are based on realistic early-running beam configurations and detailed Geant4 ePIC detector simulations, hit digitization and data reconstruction. The projected studies from the physics working groups of ePIC span inclusive, semi-inclusive, exclusive, diffractive and tagging, as well as jet and heavy flavor measurements in both electron-proton and electron-ion collisions. Even before the collider reaches its full design performance, these measurements will constrain parton distribution functions in nucleons and nuclei, access transverse-momentum-dependent and spin-dependent observables, probe gluon dynamics in nuclei, and initiate a program of imaging of quarks and gluons. Each measurement is directly connected to the core science pillars of the EIC, identified in the 2018 report by the National Academy of Sciences: understanding the origin of the nucleon mass, unraveling the spin structure of the nucleon, and exploring the emergent properties of dense gluonic matter. The results presented here provide examples that demonstrate that the early years of EIC running with ePIC will deliver novel world-leading insights into Quantum Chromodynamics. In addition, the early science program will establish measurement and analysis methodologies that will pave the way to the subsequent full EIC physics program. △ Less

Submitted 5 August, 2026; originally announced August 2026.

Report number: epic-AN-AC-2026-004

Measurements of $γ_v p \to π^+ π^- p'$ Cross Sections with the CLAS Detector for $Q^{2}$ from 2.0--5.0~GeV$^{2}$ and $W$ from 1.400--2.125~GeV

Authors: A. Trivedi, R. W. Gothe, E. Phelps, V. I. Mokeev, D. S. Carman, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. J. Amaryan, H. Atac, H. Avakian, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossu, S. Boiarinov, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bueltmann, V. D. Burkert, T. Cao , et al. (100 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Observables in the electroproduction of the $π^+π^-p$ reaction channel off the proton that are sensitive to the polarization of the virtual photon are presented for the first time in addition to the extraction of the nine single-differential and fully integrated cross sections within the kinematics area of 2.0~GeV$^2 < Q^2 < 5.0$~GeV$^2$ and 1.400~GeV $< W < 2.125$~GeV measured with the CLAS detec… ▽ More Observables in the electroproduction of the $π^+π^-p$ reaction channel off the proton that are sensitive to the polarization of the virtual photon are presented for the first time in addition to the extraction of the nine single-differential and fully integrated cross sections within the kinematics area of 2.0~GeV$^2 < Q^2 < 5.0$~GeV$^2$ and 1.400~GeV $< W < 2.125$~GeV measured with the CLAS detector in Hall B at Jefferson Lab. The extraction of the unpolarized cross sections has been considerably improved in comparison with previously published results from this same dataset, offering finer binning over the five-dimensional hadronic reaction phase space, and including essential advances in the acceptance evaluation by implementing a new technique to stabilize the cross section extraction and minimize the systematic uncertainty associated with the simulation statistics. These improvements are of particular importance for the extraction of the $γ_v p N^*$ electrocouplings from these data. △ Less

Submitted 7 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Comments: 22 pages, 20 figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-26-4817

Measurement of the near-threshold J$/ψ$ photoproduction cross section with the CLAS12 experiment

Authors: P. Chatagnon, V. Kubarovsky, R. Paremuzyan, S. Stepanyan, M. Tenorio, R. Tyson, A. G. Acar, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Avakian, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, M. Bondi, F. Bossù, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bueltmann , et al. (125 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We present measurements of the total and differential cross sections for near-threshold J/$ψ$ photoproduction obtained with the CLAS12 detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The results are based on data collected during the Fall 2018 and Spring 2019 running periods, using electron beams with energies of 10.6 and 10.2 GeV, respectively, scattered off a liquid-hydrogen targ… ▽ More We present measurements of the total and differential cross sections for near-threshold J/$ψ$ photoproduction obtained with the CLAS12 detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The results are based on data collected during the Fall 2018 and Spring 2019 running periods, using electron beams with energies of 10.6 and 10.2 GeV, respectively, scattered off a liquid-hydrogen target. Near-threshold J$/ψ$ photoproduction offers a unique sensitivity to the strong interaction in the non-perturbative regime of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The energy dependence of the cross section constrains the underlying J$/ψ$ production mechanisms, including multi-gluon exchange and potential baryonic excitations. Additionally, the $t$-dependence of the differential cross section can be related to the transverse spatial distribution of gluons in the proton, providing critical input for theoretical descriptions of the gluonic structure of the proton. An interpretation of the results in terms of the gluon content of the proton is presented, providing new experimental constraints on QCD-inspired models of the proton structure and the role of gluonic degrees of freedom in hadronic mass generation. △ Less

Submitted 11 June, 2026; v1 submitted 25 February, 2026; originally announced February 2026.

Report number: JLAB-PHY-26-4605

Journal ref: Phys.Rev.C 113 (2026) 6, 065203

Measurements of Beam Spin Asymmetries of $π^\pmπ^0$ dihadrons at CLAS12

Authors: A. G. Acar, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, K. -T. Brinkmann, F. Bossù, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bueltmann, V. D. Burkert, D. S. Carman, T. Cao, A. Celentano, P. Chatagnon, H. Chinchay, G. Ciullo, P. L. Cole , et al. (109 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: A first measurement of beam spin asymmetries for $π^+π^0$ and $π^-π^0$ pairs in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering is reported. The asymmetries in the dihadron angular distributions were measured from the scattering of a 10.6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam off a proton target, using the CLAS12 detector at Jefferson Lab. A photon classifier using a Gradient Boosted Trees (GBTs) ar… ▽ More A first measurement of beam spin asymmetries for $π^+π^0$ and $π^-π^0$ pairs in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering is reported. The asymmetries in the dihadron angular distributions were measured from the scattering of a 10.6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam off a proton target, using the CLAS12 detector at Jefferson Lab. A photon classifier using a Gradient Boosted Trees (GBTs) architecture was trained with Monte Carlo simulations to reduce the amount of false combinatorial background $π^0$s, increasing statistics by up to five-fold compared to previous CLAS12 $π^0$ analyses. A nonzero $\sinφ_{R_\perp}$ asymmetry is observed. This measurement is sensitive to the underexplored collinear twist-3 PDF $e(x)$, which encodes quark-gluon correlations in the proton, and presents a new avenue for its point-by-point extraction. The asymmetries also provide the first experimental evidence for the isospin-dependence of the helicity-dependent dihadron fragmentation function $G_1^\perp$, revealed by a sign-difference between the $π^+π^0$ and $π^-π^0$ channels in the $\sin(φ_h-φ_{R_\perp})$ modulation. In contrast, a large, same-sign enhancement near the $ρ$ mass for the $\sin(2φ_h-2φ_{R_\perp})$ modulation is observed, matching spectator model predictions in $π^+π^-$ pairs. △ Less

Submitted 15 February, 2026; originally announced February 2026.

First Study of the Nuclear Response to Fast Hadrons via Angular Correlations between Pions and Slow Protons in Electron-Nucleus Scattering

Authors: S. J. Paul, M. Arratia, H. Hakobyan, W. Brooks, A. Acar, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, W. R. Armstrong, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, K. -T. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, V. Burkert, T. Cao, D. S. Carman, P. Chatagnon, H. Chinchay, G. Ciullo , et al. (105 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report on the first measurement of angular correlations between high-energy pions and slow protons in electron-nucleus ($eA$) scattering, providing a new probe of how a nucleus responds to a fast-moving quark. The experiment employed the CLAS detector with a 5-GeV electron beam incident on deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets. For heavier nuclei, the pion-proton correlation function is mor… ▽ More We report on the first measurement of angular correlations between high-energy pions and slow protons in electron-nucleus ($eA$) scattering, providing a new probe of how a nucleus responds to a fast-moving quark. The experiment employed the CLAS detector with a 5-GeV electron beam incident on deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets. For heavier nuclei, the pion-proton correlation function is more spread-out in azimuth than for lighter ones, and this effect is more pronounced in the $πp$ channel than in earlier $ππ$ studies. The proton-to-pion yield ratio likewise rises with nuclear mass, although the increase appears to saturate for the heaviest targets. These trends are qualitatively reproduced by state-of-the-art $eA$ event generators, including BeAGLE, eHIJING, and GiBUU, indicating that current descriptions of target fragmentation rest on sound theoretical footing. At the same time, the precision of our data exposes model-dependent discrepancies, delineating a clear path for future improvements in the treatment of cold-nuclear matter effects in $eA$ scattering. △ Less

Submitted 4 February, 2026; v1 submitted 4 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Baryon-antibaryon photoproduction cross sections off the proton

Authors: GlueX Collaboration, F. Afzal, M. Albrecht, M. Amaryan, S. Arrigo, V. Arroyave, A. Asaturyan, A. Austregesilo, Z. Baldwin, F. Barbosa, J. Barlow, E. Barriga, R. Barsotti, D. Barton, V. Baturin, V. V. Berdnikov, A. Berger, W. Boeglin, M. Boer, W. J. Briscoe, T. Britton, R. Brunner, S. Cao, C. Chen, E. Chudakov , et al. (115 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab has observed $p\bar{p}$ and, for the first time, $Λ\barΛ$ and $p\barΛ$ photoproduction from a proton target at photon energies up to 11.6 GeV. The angular distributions are forward peaked for all produced pairs, consistent with Regge-like $t$-channel exchange. Asymmetric wide-angle anti-baryon distributions show the presence of additional processes. In a pheno… ▽ More The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab has observed $p\bar{p}$ and, for the first time, $Λ\barΛ$ and $p\barΛ$ photoproduction from a proton target at photon energies up to 11.6 GeV. The angular distributions are forward peaked for all produced pairs, consistent with Regge-like $t$-channel exchange. Asymmetric wide-angle anti-baryon distributions show the presence of additional processes. In a phenomenological model, we find consistency with a double $t$-channel exchange process where anti-baryons are created only at the middle vertex. The model matches all observed distributions with a small number of free parameters. In the hyperon channels, we observe a clear distinction between photoproduction of the $Λ\barΛ$ and $p\barΛ$ systems but general similarity to the $p\bar{p}$ system. We report both total cross sections and cross sections differential with respect to momentum transfer and the invariant masses of the created particle pairs. No narrow resonant structures were found in these reaction channels. The suppression of $s\bar{s}$ quark pairs relative to $d\bar{d}$ quark pairs is similar to what has been seen in other reactions. △ Less

Submitted 10 May, 2026; v1 submitted 30 October, 2025; originally announced October 2025.

Comments: 34 pages, 29 figures, 7 tables, 1 algorithm

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 113, 045207 (2026)

Measurement of Beam-Recoil Observables $C_x$ and $C_z$ for $K^+Λ$ Photoproduction

Authors: CLAS Collaboration, S. Adhikari, B. A. Raue, D. S. Carman, L. Guo, T. Chetry, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, M. Bondi, F. Bossu, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe , et al. (132 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Exclusive photoproduction of $K^+ Λ$ final states off a proton target has been an important component in the search for missing nucleon resonances and our understanding of the production of final states containing strange quarks. Polarization observables have been instrumental in this effort. The current work is an extension of previously published CLAS results on the beam-recoil transferred polar… ▽ More Exclusive photoproduction of $K^+ Λ$ final states off a proton target has been an important component in the search for missing nucleon resonances and our understanding of the production of final states containing strange quarks. Polarization observables have been instrumental in this effort. The current work is an extension of previously published CLAS results on the beam-recoil transferred polarization observables $C_x$ and $C_z$. We extend the kinematic range up to invariant mass $W=3.33$~GeV from the previous limit of $W=2.5$~GeV with significantly improved statistical precision in the region of overlap. These data will provide for tighter constraints on the reaction models used to unravel the spectrum of nucleon resonances and their properties by not only improving the statistical precision of the data within the resonance region, but also by constraining $t$-channel processes that dominate at higher $W$ but extend into the resonance region. △ Less

Submitted 13 August, 2025; originally announced August 2025.

Comments: 18 pages, 16 figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-25-4487

Recoil Polarization in $K^+Y$ Electroproduction in the Nucleon Resonance Region with CLAS12

Authors: D. S. Carman, A. D'Angelo, L. Lanza, V. I. Mokeev, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. J. Amaryan, H. Atac, H. Avakian, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, S. Boiarinov, F. Bossu, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bueltmann, V. D. Burkert, T. Cao, R. Capobianco , et al. (105 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Hyperon recoil polarization measurements for the exclusive electroproduction of $K^+Λ$ and $K^+Σ^0$ final states from an unpolarized proton target have been carried out using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements at beam energies of 6.535~GeV and 7.546~GeV span the range of four-momentum transfer $Q^2$ from 0.3 to 4.5~GeV$^2$ and invariant mass $W$ from 1.6 to 2.4~GeV,… ▽ More Hyperon recoil polarization measurements for the exclusive electroproduction of $K^+Λ$ and $K^+Σ^0$ final states from an unpolarized proton target have been carried out using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements at beam energies of 6.535~GeV and 7.546~GeV span the range of four-momentum transfer $Q^2$ from 0.3 to 4.5~GeV$^2$ and invariant mass $W$ from 1.6 to 2.4~GeV, while covering the full center-of-mass angular range of the $K^+$. These new $Λ$ polarization observables extend the existing data in a similar kinematic range but from a significantly larger dataset. However, they represent the first electroproduction measurements of this observable for the $Σ^0$. These data will allow for better exploration of the reaction mechanism in strangeness production, for further understanding of the spectrum and structure of excited nucleon states that couple to $KY$, and for improved insight into the strong interaction in the non-perturbative domain. △ Less

Submitted 17 May, 2025; originally announced May 2025.

Comments: 23 pages, 15 figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-25-4325

Measurement of the Total Compton Scattering Cross Section between 6.5 and 11 GeV

Authors: GlueX Collaboration, F. Afzal, C. S. Akondi, M. Albrecht, M. Amaryan, S. Arrigo, V. Arroyave, A. Asaturyan, A. Austregesilo, Z. Baldwin, F. Barbosa, J. Barlow, E. Barriga, R. Barsotti, D. Barton, V. Baturin, V. V. Berdnikov, T. Black, W. Boeglin, M. Boer, W. J. Briscoe, T. Britton, R. Brunner, S. Cao, E. Chudakov , et al. (126 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The total cross section for Compton scattering off atomic electrons, $γ+e\rightarrowγ'+e'$, was measured using photons with energies between 6.5 and 11.1 GeV incident on a $^9$Be target as part of the PrimEx-eta experiment in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. This is the first measurement of this fundamental QED process within this energy range. The total uncertainties of the cross section, combining the s… ▽ More The total cross section for Compton scattering off atomic electrons, $γ+e\rightarrowγ'+e'$, was measured using photons with energies between 6.5 and 11.1 GeV incident on a $^9$Be target as part of the PrimEx-eta experiment in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. This is the first measurement of this fundamental QED process within this energy range. The total uncertainties of the cross section, combining the statistical and systematic components in quadrature, averaged to 3.4% across all energy bins. This not only demonstrates the capability of this experimental setup to perform precision cross-section measurements at forward angles but also allows us to compare with state-of-the-art QED calculations. △ Less

Submitted 30 July, 2025; v1 submitted 12 May, 2025; originally announced May 2025.

Comments: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physics Letters B

Data-driven Approach for Interpolation of Sparse Data

Authors: R. F. Ferguson, D. G. Ireland, B. McKinnon

Abstract: Studies of hadron resonances and their properties are limited by the accuracy and consistency of measured datasets, which can originate from many different experiments. We have used Gaussian Processes (GP) to build interpolated datasets, including quantification of uncertainties, so that data from different sources can be used in model fitting without the need for arbitrary weighting. GPs predict… ▽ More Studies of hadron resonances and their properties are limited by the accuracy and consistency of measured datasets, which can originate from many different experiments. We have used Gaussian Processes (GP) to build interpolated datasets, including quantification of uncertainties, so that data from different sources can be used in model fitting without the need for arbitrary weighting. GPs predict values and uncertainties of observables at any kinematic point. Bayesian inference is used to optimise the hyperparameters of the GP model. We demonstrate that the GP successfully interpolates data with quantified uncertainties by comparison with generated pseudodata. We also show that this methodology can be used to investigate the consistency of data from different sources. GPs provide a robust, model-independent method for interpolating typical datasets used in hadron resonance studies, removing the limitations of arbitrary weighting in sparse datasets. △ Less

Submitted 2 May, 2025; originally announced May 2025.

Comments: 10 pages, 8 figures

Measurement of single- and double-polarization observables in the photoproduction of $π^+π^-$~meson pairs off the proton using CLAS at Jefferson Laboratory

Authors: P. Roy, S. Cao, V. Crede, E. Klempt, V. A. Nikonov, A. V. Sarantsev, V. D. Burkert, V. Mokeev, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossu, S. Boiarinov, K. -T. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe , et al. (119 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The photoproduction of $π^+π^-$ meson pairs off the proton has been studied in the reaction $γp\to p\,π^+π^-$ using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) and the frozen-spin target (FROST) in Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. For the first time, the beam and target asymmetries, $I^{s,c}$ and $P_{x,y}$, have been measured along with the beam-target double-polari… ▽ More The photoproduction of $π^+π^-$ meson pairs off the proton has been studied in the reaction $γp\to p\,π^+π^-$ using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) and the frozen-spin target (FROST) in Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. For the first time, the beam and target asymmetries, $I^{s,c}$ and $P_{x,y}$, have been measured along with the beam-target double-polarization observables, $P^{s,c}_{x,y}$, using a transversely polarized target with center-of-mass energies ranging from 1.51 GeV up to 2.04 GeV. These data and additional $ππ$ photoproduction observables from CLAS and experiments elsewhere were included in a partial-wave analysis within the Bonn-Gatchina framework. Significant contributions from $s$-channel resonance production are observed in addition to $t$-channel exchange processes. The data indicate significant contributions from $N^\ast$ and $Δ^\ast$ resonances in the third and fourth resonance regions. △ Less

Submitted 29 April, 2025; originally announced April 2025.

Comments: 22 pages, 16 figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-25-4293

First Measurement of $a^0_2(1320)$ Polarized Photoproduction Cross Section

Authors: GlueX Collaboration, F. Afzal, C. S. Akondi, M. Albrecht, M. Amaryan, S. Arrigo, V. Arroyave, A. Asaturyan, A. Austregesilo, Z. Baldwin, F. Barbosa, J. Barlow, E. Barriga, R. Barsotti, D. Barton, V. Baturin, V. V. Berdnikov, T. Black, W. Boeglin, M. Boer, W. J. Briscoe, T. Britton, S. Cao, E. Chudakov, G. Chung , et al. (127 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We measure for the first time the differential photoproduction cross section $dσ/dt$ of the $a_2(1320)$ meson at an average photon beam energy of 8.5~GeV, using data with an integrated luminosity of 104~pb$^{-1}$ collected by the GlueX experiment. We fully reconstruct the $γp \to ηπ^0 p$ reaction and perform a partial-wave analysis in the $a_2(1320)$ mass region with amplitudes that incorporate th… ▽ More We measure for the first time the differential photoproduction cross section $dσ/dt$ of the $a_2(1320)$ meson at an average photon beam energy of 8.5~GeV, using data with an integrated luminosity of 104~pb$^{-1}$ collected by the GlueX experiment. We fully reconstruct the $γp \to ηπ^0 p$ reaction and perform a partial-wave analysis in the $a_2(1320)$ mass region with amplitudes that incorporate the linear polarization of the beam. This allows us to separate for the first time the contributions of natural- and unnatural-parity exchanges. These measurements provide novel information about the photoproduction mechanism, which is critical for the search for spin-exotic states. △ Less

Submitted 6 January, 2025; originally announced January 2025.

Comments: 8 pages, 4 figures plus supplemental material

Measurement of the nucleon spin structure functions for 0.01<$Q^2$<1 GeV$^2$ using CLAS

Authors: A. Deur, S. E. Kuhn, M. Ripani, X. Zheng, A. G. Acar, P. Achenbach, K. P. Adhikari, J. S. Alvarado, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, W. A. Booth, F. B ossu, P. Bosted, S. Boiarinov , et al. (125 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The spin structure functions of the proton and the deuteron were measured during the EG4 experiment at Jefferson Lab in 2006. Data were collected for longitudinally polarized electron scattering off longitudinally polarized NH$_3$ and ND$_3$ targets, for $Q^2$ values as small as 0.012 and 0.02 GeV$^2$, respectively, using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). This is the archival paper o… ▽ More The spin structure functions of the proton and the deuteron were measured during the EG4 experiment at Jefferson Lab in 2006. Data were collected for longitudinally polarized electron scattering off longitudinally polarized NH$_3$ and ND$_3$ targets, for $Q^2$ values as small as 0.012 and 0.02 GeV$^2$, respectively, using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). This is the archival paper of the EG4 experiment that summaries the previously reported results of the polarized structure functions $g_1$, $A_1F_1$, and their moments $\overline Γ_1$, $\overline γ_0$, and $\overline I_{TT}$, for both the proton and the deuteron. In addition, we report on new results on the neutron $g_1$ extracted by combining proton and deuteron data and correcting for Fermi smearing, and on the neutron moments $\overline Γ_1$, $\overline γ_0$, and $\overline I_{TT}$ formed directly from those of the proton and the deuteron. Our data are in good agreement with the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule for the proton, deuteron, and neutron. Furthermore, the isovector combination was formed for $g_1$ and the Bjorken integral $\overline Γ_1^{p-n}$, and compared to available theoretical predictions. All of our results provide for the first time extensive tests of spin observable predictions from chiral effective field theory ($χ$EFT) in a $Q^2$ range commensurate with the pion mass. They motivate further improvement in $χ$EFT calculations from other approaches such as the lattice gauge method. △ Less

Submitted 3 January, 2026; v1 submitted 12 September, 2024; originally announced September 2024.

Comments: 33 pages. 26 figures. Data tables in csv format are available as supplementary material on Phys. Rev. C site

Report number: JLAB-PHY-24-4184, DOE/OR/23177-7672

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 111, 035202 (2025)

Upper Limit on the Photoproduction Cross Section of the Spin-Exotic $π_1(1600)$

Authors: GlueX Collaboration, F. Afzal, C. S. Akondi, M. Albrecht, M. Amaryan, S. Arrigo, V. Arroyave, A. Asaturyan, A. Austregesilo, Z. Baldwin, F. Barbosa, J. Barlow, E. Barriga, R. Barsotti, D. Barton, V. Baturin, V. V. Berdnikov, T. Black, W. Boeglin, M. Boer, W. J. Briscoe, T. Britton, S. Cao, E. Chudakov, G. Chung , et al. (125 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The spin-exotic hybrid meson $π_{1}(1600)$ is predicted to have a large decay rate to the $ωππ$ final state. Using 76.6~pb$^{-1}$ of data collected with the GlueX detector, we measure the cross sections for the reactions $γp \to ωπ^+ π^- p$, $γp \to ωπ^0 π^0 p$, and $γp\toωπ^-π^0Δ^{++}$ in the range $E_γ=$ 8-10 GeV. Using isospin conservation, we set the first upper limits on the photoproduction c… ▽ More The spin-exotic hybrid meson $π_{1}(1600)$ is predicted to have a large decay rate to the $ωππ$ final state. Using 76.6~pb$^{-1}$ of data collected with the GlueX detector, we measure the cross sections for the reactions $γp \to ωπ^+ π^- p$, $γp \to ωπ^0 π^0 p$, and $γp\toωπ^-π^0Δ^{++}$ in the range $E_γ=$ 8-10 GeV. Using isospin conservation, we set the first upper limits on the photoproduction cross sections of the $π^{0}_{1}(1600)$ and $π^{-}_{1}(1600)$. We combine these limits with lattice calculations of decay widths and find that photoproduction of $η'π$ is the most sensitive two-body system to search for the $π_1(1600)$. △ Less

Submitted 9 January, 2025; v1 submitted 3 July, 2024; originally announced July 2024.

Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures plus supplemental materials

Journal ref: Phys.Rev.Lett. 133 (2024) 26, 261903

First Measurement of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering on the Neutron with Detection of the Active Neutron

Authors: CLAS Collaboration, A. Hobart, S. Niccolai, M. Čuić, K. Kumerički, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, M. Bondi, W. A. Booth, F. Bossù, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe , et al. (124 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Measuring Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering on the neutron is one of the necessary steps to understand the structure of the nucleon in terms of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs). Neutron targets play a complementary role to transversely polarized proton targets in the determination of the GPD $E$. This poorly known and poorly constrained GPD is essential to obtain the contribution of the qua… ▽ More Measuring Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering on the neutron is one of the necessary steps to understand the structure of the nucleon in terms of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs). Neutron targets play a complementary role to transversely polarized proton targets in the determination of the GPD $E$. This poorly known and poorly constrained GPD is essential to obtain the contribution of the quarks' angular momentum to the spin of the nucleon. DVCS on the neutron was measured for the first time selecting the exclusive final state by detecting the neutron, using the Jefferson Lab longitudinally polarized electron beam, with energies up to 10.6 GeV, and the CLAS12 detector. The extracted beam-spin asymmetries, combined with DVCS observables measured on the proton, allow a clean quark-flavor separation of the imaginary parts of the GPDs $H$ and $E$. △ Less

Submitted 25 June, 2024; v1 submitted 21 June, 2024; originally announced June 2024.

Comments: 7 pages, 6 figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-24-4089

Measurement of Spin-Density Matrix Elements in $Δ^{++}(1232)$ photoproduction

Authors: F. Afzal, C. S. Akondi, M. Albrecht, M. Amaryan, S. Arrigo, V. Arroyave, A. Asaturyan, A. Austregesilo, Z. Baldwin, F. Barbosa, J. Barlow, E. Barriga, R. Barsotti, D. Barton, V. Baturin, V. V. Berdnikov, T. Black, W. Boeglin, M. Boer, W. J. Briscoe, T. Britton, S. Cao, E. Chudakov, G. Chung, P. L. Cole , et al. (124 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We measure the spin-density matrix elements (SDMEs) of the $Δ^{++}(1232)$ in the photoproduction reaction $γp \to π^-Δ^{++}(1232)$ with the GlueX experiment in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. The measurement uses a linearly--polarized photon beam with energies from $8.2$ to $8.8$~GeV and the statistical precision of the SDMEs exceeds the previous measurement by three orders of magnitude for the momentum… ▽ More We measure the spin-density matrix elements (SDMEs) of the $Δ^{++}(1232)$ in the photoproduction reaction $γp \to π^-Δ^{++}(1232)$ with the GlueX experiment in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. The measurement uses a linearly--polarized photon beam with energies from $8.2$ to $8.8$~GeV and the statistical precision of the SDMEs exceeds the previous measurement by three orders of magnitude for the momentum transfer squared region below $1.4$ GeV$^2$. The data are sensitive to the previously undetermined relative sign between couplings in existing Regge-exchange models. Linear combinations of the extracted SDMEs allow for a decomposition into natural and unnatural--exchange amplitudes. We find that the unnatural exchange plays an important role in the low momentum transfer region. △ Less

Submitted 26 July, 2024; v1 submitted 18 June, 2024; originally announced June 2024.

Proposal for PAC 52: Measurement of $α_-$ for $Λ\rightarrow pπ^-$

Authors: Peter Hurck, Derek I. Glazier, David G. Ireland, Ken Livingston, Farah Afzal, Annika Thiel, Yannick Wunderlich, Volker Crede, Mark M. Dalton

Abstract: We propose to measure the weak decay constant $α_-$ for the decay $Λ\rightarrow pπ^-$ using a both circularly and linearly polarized photon beam with the GlueX spectrometer in Hall D. The measurement will take advantage of the fact that a measurement with both linear and circular photon beam polarization results in an over-constrained set of amplitudes which can be fitted to data and used to extra… ▽ More We propose to measure the weak decay constant $α_-$ for the decay $Λ\rightarrow pπ^-$ using a both circularly and linearly polarized photon beam with the GlueX spectrometer in Hall D. The measurement will take advantage of the fact that a measurement with both linear and circular photon beam polarization results in an over-constrained set of amplitudes which can be fitted to data and used to extract $α_-$ which will be left as a free parameter in the fit. We expect to determine $α_-$ with statistical uncertainties comparable to existing measurements and independent systematic uncertainties. This measurement can be performed alongside GlueX-II running and requires no new hardware or new beam time. The measurement requires that a sufficient fraction of the electron beam polarization be longitudinal in the Hall D tagger. △ Less

Submitted 2 May, 2024; originally announced May 2024.

Comments: Submitted to Jefferson Lab PAC52

Photoproduction of the Σ+ hyperon using linearly polarized photons with CLAS

Authors: CLAS Collaboration, L. Clark, B. McKinnon, D. G. Ireland, D. I. Glazier, K. Livingston, D. Rönchen

Abstract: Background: Measurements of the polarization observables Σ, P, T, Ox, Oz for the reaction γp {\rightarrow) KS0 Σ+ using a linearly polarized photon beam of energy 1.1 to 2.1 GeV are reported. Purpose: The measured data provide information on a channel that has not been studied extensively, but is required for a full coupled-channel analysis in the nucleon resonance region. Method: Observables have… ▽ More Background: Measurements of the polarization observables Σ, P, T, Ox, Oz for the reaction γp {\rightarrow) KS0 Σ+ using a linearly polarized photon beam of energy 1.1 to 2.1 GeV are reported. Purpose: The measured data provide information on a channel that has not been studied extensively, but is required for a full coupled-channel analysis in the nucleon resonance region. Method: Observables have been simultaneously extracted using likelihood sampling with a Markov-Chain Monte- Carlo process. Results: Angular distributions in bins of photon energy Eγ are produced for each polarization observable. T, Ox and Oz are first time measurements of these observables in this reaction. The extraction of Σ extends the energy range beyond a previous measurement. The measurement of P, the recoil polarization, is consistent with previous measurements. Conclusions: The measured data are shown to be significant enough to affect the estimation of the nucleon resonance parameters when fitted within a coupled-channels model. △ Less

Submitted 30 April, 2024; originally announced April 2024.

Comments: 10 pages, 5 figures

Beam Spin Asymmetry Measurements of Deeply Virtual $π^0$ Production with CLAS12

Authors: A. Kim, S. Diehl, K. Joo, V. Kubarovsky, P. Achenbach, Z. Akbar, J. S. Alvarado, Whitney R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, K. T. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, S. Bueltmann, V. D. Burkert , et al. (132 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The new experimental measurements of beam spin asymmetry were performed for the deeply virtual exclusive $π^0$ production in a wide kinematic region with the photon virtualities $Q^2$ up to 8 GeV$^2$ and the Bjorken scaling variable $x_B$ in the valence regime. The data were collected by the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS12) at Jefferson Lab with longitudinally polarized 10.6 GeV electr… ▽ More The new experimental measurements of beam spin asymmetry were performed for the deeply virtual exclusive $π^0$ production in a wide kinematic region with the photon virtualities $Q^2$ up to 8 GeV$^2$ and the Bjorken scaling variable $x_B$ in the valence regime. The data were collected by the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS12) at Jefferson Lab with longitudinally polarized 10.6 GeV electrons scattered on an unpolarized liquid-hydrogen target. Sizable asymmetry values indicate a substantial contribution from transverse virtual photon amplitudes to the polarized structure functions.The interpretation of these measurements in terms of the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) demonstrates their sensitivity to the chiral-odd GPD $\bar E_T$, which contains information on quark transverse spin densities in unpolarized and polarized nucleons and provides access to the proton's transverse anomalous magnetic moment. Additionally, the data were compared to a theoretical model based on a Regge formalism that was extended to the high photon virtualities. △ Less

Submitted 15 July, 2023; originally announced July 2023.

Comments: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2210.14557

Strong Interaction Physics at the Luminosity Frontier with 22 GeV Electrons at Jefferson Lab

Authors: A. Accardi, P. Achenbach, D. Adhikari, A. Afanasev, C. S. Akondi, N. Akopov, M. Albaladejo, H. Albataineh, M. Albrecht, B. Almeida-Zamora, M. Amaryan, D. Androić, W. Armstrong, D. S. Armstrong, M. Arratia, J. Arrington, A. Asaturyan, A. Austregesilo, H. Avagyan, T. Averett, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, A. Bacchetta, A. B. Balantekin, N. Baltzell, L. Barion , et al. (419 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This document presents the initial scientific case for upgrading the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to 22 GeV. It is the result of a community effort, incorporating insights from a series of workshops conducted between March 2022 and April 2023. With a track record of over 25 years in delivering the world's most intense and precise multi-GeV electron… ▽ More This document presents the initial scientific case for upgrading the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to 22 GeV. It is the result of a community effort, incorporating insights from a series of workshops conducted between March 2022 and April 2023. With a track record of over 25 years in delivering the world's most intense and precise multi-GeV electron beams, CEBAF's potential for a higher energy upgrade presents a unique opportunity for an innovative nuclear physics program, which seamlessly integrates a rich historical background with a promising future. The proposed physics program encompass a diverse range of investigations centered around the nonperturbative dynamics inherent in hadron structure and the exploration of strongly interacting systems. It builds upon the exceptional capabilities of CEBAF in high-luminosity operations, the availability of existing or planned Hall equipment, and recent advancements in accelerator technology. The proposed program cover various scientific topics, including Hadron Spectroscopy, Partonic Structure and Spin, Hadronization and Transverse Momentum, Spatial Structure, Mechanical Properties, Form Factors and Emergent Hadron Mass, Hadron-Quark Transition, and Nuclear Dynamics at Extreme Conditions, as well as QCD Confinement and Fundamental Symmetries. Each topic highlights the key measurements achievable at a 22 GeV CEBAF accelerator. Furthermore, this document outlines the significant physics outcomes and unique aspects of these programs that distinguish them from other existing or planned facilities. In summary, this document provides an exciting rationale for the energy upgrade of CEBAF to 22 GeV, outlining the transformative scientific potential that lies within reach, and the remarkable opportunities it offers for advancing our understanding of hadron physics and related fundamental phenomena. △ Less

Submitted 24 August, 2023; v1 submitted 13 June, 2023; originally announced June 2023.

Comments: Updates to the list of authors; Preprint number changed from theory to experiment; Updates to sections 4 and 6, including additional figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-23-3840

Measurement of Spin-Density Matrix Elements in $ρ(770)$ Production with a Linearly Polarized Photon Beam at $E_γ= 8.2\,-\,8.8\,\text{GeV}$

Authors: GlueX Collaboration, S. Adhikari, F. Afzal, C. S. Akondi, M. Albrecht, M. Amaryan, V. Arroyave, A. Asaturyan, A. Austregesilo, Z. Baldwin, F. Barbosa, J. Barlow, E. Barriga, R. Barsotti, T. D. Beattie, V. V. Berdnikov, T. Black, W. Boeglin, W. J. Briscoe, T. Britton, W. K. Brooks, D. Byer, E. Chudakov, P. L. Cole, O. Cortes , et al. (128 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab studies photoproduction of mesons using linearly polarized $8.5\,\text{GeV}$ photons impinging on a hydrogen target which is contained within a detector with near-complete coverage for charged and neutral particles. We present measurements of spin-density matrix elements for the photoproduction of the vector meson $ρ$(770). The statistical precision achieved e… ▽ More The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab studies photoproduction of mesons using linearly polarized $8.5\,\text{GeV}$ photons impinging on a hydrogen target which is contained within a detector with near-complete coverage for charged and neutral particles. We present measurements of spin-density matrix elements for the photoproduction of the vector meson $ρ$(770). The statistical precision achieved exceeds that of previous experiments for polarized photoproduction in this energy range by orders of magnitude. We confirm a high degree of $s$-channel helicity conservation at small squared four-momentum transfer $t$ and are able to extract the $t$-dependence of natural and unnatural-parity exchange contributions to the production process in detail. We confirm the dominance of natural-parity exchange over the full $t$ range. We also find that helicity amplitudes in which the helicity of the incident photon and the photoproduced $ρ(770)$ differ by two units are negligible for $-t<0.5\,\text{GeV}^{2}/c^{2}$. △ Less

Submitted 9 July, 2024; v1 submitted 15 May, 2023; originally announced May 2023.

Comments: 15 pages, 11 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 108, 055204 (2023)

Measurement of the J/$ψ$ photoproduction cross section over the full near-threshold kinematic region

Authors: GlueX Collaboration, S. Adhikari, F. Afzal, C. S. Akondi, M. Albrecht, M. Amaryan, V. Arroyave, A. Asaturyan, A. Austregesilo, Z. Baldwin, F. Barbosa, J. Barlow, E. Barriga, R. Barsotti, T. D. Beattie, V. V. Berdnikov, T. Black, W. Boeglin, W. J. Briscoe, T. Britton, W. K. Brooks, D. Byer, E. Chudakov, P. L. Cole, O. Cortes , et al. (128 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the total and differential cross sections for $J/ψ$ photoproduction with the large acceptance GlueX spectrometer for photon beam energies from the threshold at 8.2~GeV up to 11.44~GeV and over the full kinematic range of momentum transfer squared, $t$. Such coverage facilitates the extrapolation of the differential cross sections to the forward ($t = 0$) point beyond the physical region.… ▽ More We report the total and differential cross sections for $J/ψ$ photoproduction with the large acceptance GlueX spectrometer for photon beam energies from the threshold at 8.2~GeV up to 11.44~GeV and over the full kinematic range of momentum transfer squared, $t$. Such coverage facilitates the extrapolation of the differential cross sections to the forward ($t = 0$) point beyond the physical region. The forward cross section is used by many theoretical models and plays an important role in understanding $J/ψ$ photoproduction and its relation to the $J/ψ-$proton interaction. These measurements of $J/ψ$ photoproduction near threshold are also crucial inputs to theoretical models that are used to study important aspects of the gluon structure of the proton, such as the gluon Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) of the proton, the mass radius of the proton, and the trace anomaly contribution to the proton mass. We observe possible structures in the total cross section energy dependence and find evidence for contributions beyond gluon exchange in the differential cross section close to threshold, both of which are consistent with contributions from open-charm intermediate states. △ Less

Submitted 9 July, 2024; v1 submitted 7 April, 2023; originally announced April 2023.

Comments: 15 pages 18 figures

Deep Learning Level-3 Electron Trigger for CLAS12

Authors: Richard Tyson, Gagik Gavalian, David Ireland, Bryan McKinnon

Abstract: Fast, efficient and accurate triggers are a critical requirement for modern high-energy physics experiments given the increasingly large quantities of data that they produce. The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS12) employs a highly efficient electron trigger to filter the amount of recorded data by requiring at least one electron in each event, at the cost of a low purity in electron iden… ▽ More Fast, efficient and accurate triggers are a critical requirement for modern high-energy physics experiments given the increasingly large quantities of data that they produce. The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS12) employs a highly efficient electron trigger to filter the amount of recorded data by requiring at least one electron in each event, at the cost of a low purity in electron identification. Machine learning algorithms are increasingly employed for classification tasks such as particle identification due to their high accuracy and fast processing times. In this article, we show how a convolutional neural network could be deployed as a Level 3 electron trigger at CLAS12. We demonstrate that the AI trigger would achieve a significant data reduction compared to the traditional trigger, whilst preserving a 99.5\% electron identification efficiency. The AI trigger purity as a function of increased luminosity is improved relative to the traditional trigger. As a consequence, this AI trigger can achieve a data recording reduction improvement of 0.33\% per nA when compared to the traditional trigger whilst maintaining an efficiency above 99.5\%. A reduction in data output also reduces storage costs and post-processing times, which in turn reduces the time to the publication of new physics measurements. △ Less

Submitted 15 February, 2023; originally announced February 2023.

First Measurement of $Λ$ Electroproduction off Nuclei in the Current and Target Fragmentation Regions

Authors: T. Chetry, L. El Fassi, W. K. Brooks, R. Dupré, A. El Alaoui, K. Hafidi, P. Achenbach, K. P. Adhikari, Z. Akbar, W. R. Armstrong, M. Arratia, H. Atac, H. Avakian, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, W. A. Booth , et al. (129 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report results of $Λ$ hyperon production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering off deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets obtained with the CLAS detector and the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility 5.014~GeV electron beam. These results represent the first measurements of the $Λ$ multiplicity ratio and transverse momentum broadening as a function of the energy fraction~($z$)… ▽ More We report results of $Λ$ hyperon production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering off deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets obtained with the CLAS detector and the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility 5.014~GeV electron beam. These results represent the first measurements of the $Λ$ multiplicity ratio and transverse momentum broadening as a function of the energy fraction~($z$) in the current and target fragmentation regions. The multiplicity ratio exhibits a strong suppression at high~$z$~and~an enhancement at~low~$z$. The measured transverse momentum broadening is an order of magnitude greater than that seen for light mesons. This indicates that the propagating entity interacts very strongly with the nuclear medium, which suggests that propagation of diquark configurations in the nuclear medium takes place at least part of the time, even at high~$z$. The trends of these results are qualitatively described by the Giessen Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model, particularly for the multiplicity ratios. These observations will potentially open a new era of studies of the structure of the nucleon as well as of strange baryons. △ Less

Submitted 1 April, 2023; v1 submitted 24 October, 2022; originally announced October 2022.

Comments: 14 pages, 6 figures

Alignment of the CLAS12 central hybrid tracker with a Kalman Filter

Authors: S. J. Paul, A. Peck, M. Arratia, Y. Gotra, V. Ziegler, R. De Vita, F. Bossu, M. Defurne, H. Atac, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, S. Boiarinov, K. Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe , et al. (109 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Several factors can contribute to the difficulty of aligning the sensors of tracking detectors, including a large number of modules, multiple types of detector technologies, and non-linear strip patterns on the sensors. All three of these factors apply to the CLAS12 CVT, which is a hybrid detector consisting of planar silicon sensors with non-parallel strips, and cylindrical micromegas sensors wit… ▽ More Several factors can contribute to the difficulty of aligning the sensors of tracking detectors, including a large number of modules, multiple types of detector technologies, and non-linear strip patterns on the sensors. All three of these factors apply to the CLAS12 CVT, which is a hybrid detector consisting of planar silicon sensors with non-parallel strips, and cylindrical micromegas sensors with longitudinal and arc-shaped strips located within a 5~T superconducting solenoid. To align this detector, we used the Kalman Alignment Algorithm, which accounts for correlations between the alignment parameters without requiring the time-consuming inversion of large matrices. This is the first time that this algorithm has been adapted for use with hybrid technologies, non-parallel strips, and curved sensors. We present the results for the first alignment of the CLAS12 CVT using straight tracks from cosmic rays and from a target with the magnetic field turned off. After running this procedure, we achieved alignment at the level of 10~$μ$m, and the widths of the residual spectra were greatly reduced. These results attest to the flexibility of this algorithm and its applicability to future use in the CLAS12 CVT and other hybrid or curved trackers, such as those proposed for the future Electron-Ion Collider. △ Less

Submitted 9 August, 2022; originally announced August 2022.

Journal ref: Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A 1049 (2023) 168032

Machine Learned Particle Detector Simulations

Authors: D. Darulis, R. Tyson, D. G. Ireland, D. I. Glazier, B. McKinnon, P. Pauli

Abstract: The use of machine learning algorithms is an attractive way to produce very fast detector simulations for scattering reactions that can otherwise be computationally expensive. Here we develop a factorised approach where we deal with each particle produced in a reaction individually: first determine if it was detected (acceptance) and second determine its reconstructed variables such as four moment… ▽ More The use of machine learning algorithms is an attractive way to produce very fast detector simulations for scattering reactions that can otherwise be computationally expensive. Here we develop a factorised approach where we deal with each particle produced in a reaction individually: first determine if it was detected (acceptance) and second determine its reconstructed variables such as four momentum (reconstruction). For the acceptance we propose using a probability classification density ratio technique to determine the probability the particle was detected as a function of many variables. Neural Network and Boosted Decision Tree classifiers were tested for this purpose and we found using a combination of both, through a reweighting stage, provided the most reliable results. For reconstruction a simple method of synthetic data generation, based on nearest neighbour or decision trees was developed. Using a toy parameterised detector we demonstrate that such a method can reliably and accurately reproduce kinematic distributions from a physics reaction. The relatively simple algorithms allow for small training overheads whilst producing reliable results. Possible applications for such fast simulated data include Toy-MC studies of parameter extraction, preprocessing expensive simulations or generating templates for background distributions shapes. △ Less

Submitted 22 July, 2022; originally announced July 2022.

Observation of azimuth-dependent suppression of hadron pairs in electron scattering off nuclei

Authors: S. J. Paul, S. Moran, M. Arratia, A. El Alaoui, H. Hakobyan, W. Brooks, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossu, S. Boiarinov, K. Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe , et al. (120 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We present the first measurement of di-hadron angular correlations in electron-nucleus scattering. The data were taken with the CLAS detector and a 5.0 GeV electron beam incident on deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets. Relative to deuterium, the nuclear yields of charged-pion pairs show a strong suppression for azimuthally opposite pairs, no suppression for azimuthally nearby pairs, and an e… ▽ More We present the first measurement of di-hadron angular correlations in electron-nucleus scattering. The data were taken with the CLAS detector and a 5.0 GeV electron beam incident on deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets. Relative to deuterium, the nuclear yields of charged-pion pairs show a strong suppression for azimuthally opposite pairs, no suppression for azimuthally nearby pairs, and an enhancement of pairs with large invariant mass. These effects grow with increased nuclear size. The data are qualitatively described by the GiBUU model, which suggests that hadrons form near the nuclear surface and undergo multiple-scattering in nuclei. These results show that angular correlation studies can open a new way to elucidate how hadrons form and interact inside nuclei △ Less

Submitted 5 November, 2022; v1 submitted 14 July, 2022; originally announced July 2022.

Comments: 6 pages, 4 figures

Journal ref: Phys.Rev.Lett. 129 (2022) 18, 182501

Exclusive $π^{-}$ Electroproduction off the Neutron in Deuterium in the Resonance Region

Authors: Y. Tian, R. W. Gothe, V. I. Mokeev, G. Hollis, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. Biselli, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, M. Bondì, K. T. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bueltmann, D. Bulumulla, V. D. Burkert, R. Capobianco , et al. (118 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: New results for the exclusive and quasi-free cross sections off neutrons bound in deuterium $γ_vn(p) \rightarrow pπ^{-} (p)$ are presented over a wide final state hadron angle range with a kinematic coverage of the invariant mass ($W$) up to 1.825 GeV and the virtual photon four-momentum transfer squared ($Q^{2}$) from 0.4 to 1.0 GeV$^2$. The exclusive structure functions were extracted and their… ▽ More New results for the exclusive and quasi-free cross sections off neutrons bound in deuterium $γ_vn(p) \rightarrow pπ^{-} (p)$ are presented over a wide final state hadron angle range with a kinematic coverage of the invariant mass ($W$) up to 1.825 GeV and the virtual photon four-momentum transfer squared ($Q^{2}$) from 0.4 to 1.0 GeV$^2$. The exclusive structure functions were extracted and their Legendre moments were obtained. Final-state-interaction contributions have been kinematically separated from the extracted quasi-free cross sections off bound neutrons solely based on the analysis of the experimental data. These new results will serve as long-awaited input for phenomenological analyses to extract the $Q^{2}$ evolution of previously unavailable $n \to N^{*}$ electroexcitation amplitudes and to improve state-of-the-art models of neutrino scattering off nuclei by augmenting the already available results from free protons. △ Less

Submitted 11 January, 2023; v1 submitted 31 March, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Comments: The author list has been updated

Beam-Recoil Transferred Polarization in $K^+Y$ Electroproduction in the Nucleon Resonance Region with CLAS12

Authors: D. S. Carman, A. D'Angelo, L. Lanza, V. I. Mokeev, K. P. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, S. Boiarinov, F. Bossu, W. J. Briscoe, S. Bueltmann, D. Bulumulla, V. D. Burkert, R. Capobianco , et al. (116 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Beam-recoil transferred polarizations for the exclusive electroproduction of $K^+Λ$ and $K^+Σ^0$ final states from an unpolarized proton target have been measured using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements at beam energies of 6.535~GeV and 7.546~GeV span the range of four-momentum transfer $Q^2$ from 0.3 to 4.5~GeV$^2$ and invariant energy $W$ from 1.6 to 2.4~GeV, whil… ▽ More Beam-recoil transferred polarizations for the exclusive electroproduction of $K^+Λ$ and $K^+Σ^0$ final states from an unpolarized proton target have been measured using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements at beam energies of 6.535~GeV and 7.546~GeV span the range of four-momentum transfer $Q^2$ from 0.3 to 4.5~GeV$^2$ and invariant energy $W$ from 1.6 to 2.4~GeV, while covering the full center-of-mass angular range of the $K^+$. These new data extend the existing hyperon polarization data from CLAS in a similar kinematic range but from a significantly larger dataset. They represent an important addition to the world data, allowing for better exploration of the reaction mechanism in strangeness production processes, for further understanding of the spectrum and structure of excited nucleon states, and for improved insight into the strong interaction in the regime of non-perturbative dynamics. △ Less

Submitted 7 February, 2022; originally announced February 2022.

Comments: 25 pages, 22 figures, 4 tables

Report number: JLAB-PHY-22-3560

Polarized Structure Function $σ_{LT'}$ from $π^0 p$ Electroproduction Data in the Resonance Region at $0.4$ GeV$^2 < Q^2 < 1.0$ GeV$^2$

Authors: E. L. Isupov, V. D. Burkert, A. A. Golubenko, K. Joo, N. S. Markov, V. I. Mokeev, L. C. Smith, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossù, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, D. Bulumulla, R. A. Capobianco, D. S. Carman , et al. (116 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The first results on the $σ_{LT'}$ structure function in exclusive $π^0p$ electroproduction at invariant masses of the final state of 1.5 GeV $<$ $W$ $<$ 1.8 GeV and in the range of photon virtualities 0.4 GeV$^2 < Q^2 < 1.0$ GeV$^2$ were obtained from data on beam spin asymmetries and differential cross sections measured with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. The Legendre moments determined fro… ▽ More The first results on the $σ_{LT'}$ structure function in exclusive $π^0p$ electroproduction at invariant masses of the final state of 1.5 GeV $<$ $W$ $<$ 1.8 GeV and in the range of photon virtualities 0.4 GeV$^2 < Q^2 < 1.0$ GeV$^2$ were obtained from data on beam spin asymmetries and differential cross sections measured with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. The Legendre moments determined from the $σ_{LT'}$ structure function have demonstrated sensitivity to the contributions from the nucleon resonances in the second and third resonance regions. These new data on the beam spin asymmetries in $π^0p$ electroproduction extend the opportunities for the extraction of the nucleon resonance electroexcitation amplitudes in the mass range above 1.6 GeV. △ Less

Submitted 14 December, 2021; originally announced December 2021.

Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-21-3552

Search for photoproduction of axion-like particles at GlueX

Authors: GlueX Collaboration, S. Adhikari, C. S. Akondi, M. Albrecht, A. Ali, M. Amaryan, A. Asaturyan, A. Austregesilo, Z. Baldwin, F. Barbosa, J. Barlow, E. Barriga, R. Barsotti, T. D. Beattie, V. V. Berdnikov, T. Black, W. Boeglin, W. J. Briscoe, T. Britton, W. K. Brooks, E. Chudakov, S. Cole, P. L. Cole, O. Cortes, V. Crede , et al. (120 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We present a search for axion-like particles, $a$, produced in photon-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of approximately 4 GeV, focusing on the scenario where the $a$-gluon coupling is dominant. The search uses $a\toγγ$ and $a\toπ^+π^-π^0$ decays, and a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 168 pb$^{-1}$ collected with the GlueX detector. The search for $a\toγγ$ decay… ▽ More We present a search for axion-like particles, $a$, produced in photon-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of approximately 4 GeV, focusing on the scenario where the $a$-gluon coupling is dominant. The search uses $a\toγγ$ and $a\toπ^+π^-π^0$ decays, and a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 168 pb$^{-1}$ collected with the GlueX detector. The search for $a\toγγ$ decays is performed in the mass range of $180 < m_a < 480$ MeV, while the search for $a\toπ^+π^-π^0$ decays explores the $600 < m_a < 720$ MeV region. No evidence for a signal is found, and 90% confidence-level exclusion limits are placed on the $a$-gluon coupling strength. These constraints are the most stringent to date over much of the mass ranges considered. △ Less

Submitted 24 March, 2022; v1 submitted 27 September, 2021; originally announced September 2021.

Comments: 8 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables; updated to published version

Report number: GlueX Doc 4971

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 105, 052007 (2022)

Measurement of charged-pion production in deep-inelastic scattering off nuclei with the CLAS detector

Authors: S. Moran, R. Dupre, H. Hakobyan, M. Arratia, W. K. Brooks, A. Borquez, A. El Alaoui, L. El Fassi, K. Hafidi, R. Mendez, T. Mineeva, S. J. Paul, M. J. Amaryan, Giovanni Angelini, Whitney R. Armstrong, H. Atac, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, Fatiha Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. S. Biselli , et al. (119 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Background: Energetic quarks in nuclear DIS propagate through the nuclear medium. Processes that are believed to occur inside nuclei include quark energy loss through medium-stimulated gluon bremsstrahlung and intra-nuclear interactions of forming hadrons. More data are required to gain a more complete understanding of these effects. Purpose: To test the theoretical models of parton transport and… ▽ More Background: Energetic quarks in nuclear DIS propagate through the nuclear medium. Processes that are believed to occur inside nuclei include quark energy loss through medium-stimulated gluon bremsstrahlung and intra-nuclear interactions of forming hadrons. More data are required to gain a more complete understanding of these effects. Purpose: To test the theoretical models of parton transport and hadron formation, we compared their predictions for the nuclear and kinematic dependence of pion production in nuclei. Methods: We have measured charged-pion production in semi-inclusive DIS off D, C, Fe, and Pb using the CLAS detector and the CEBAF 5.014 GeV electron beam. We report results on the nuclear-to-deuterium multiplicity ratio for $π^{+}$ and $π^{-}$ as a function of energy transfer, four-momentum transfer, and pion energy fraction or transverse momentum - the first three-dimensional study of its kind. Results: The $π^{+}$ multiplicity ratio is found to depend strongly on the pion fractional energy $z$, and reaches minimum values of $0.67\pm0.03$, $0.43\pm0.02$, and $0.27\pm0.01$ for the C, Fe, and Pb targets, respectively. The $z$ dependences of the multiplicity ratios for $π^{+}$ and $π^{-}$ are equal within uncertainties for C and Fe targets but show differences at the level of 10$\%$ for the Pb-target data. The results are qualitatively described by the GiBUU transport model, as well as with a model based on hadron absorption, but are in tension with calculations based on nuclear fragmentation functions. Conclusions: These precise results will strongly constrain the kinematic and flavor dependence of nuclear effects in hadron production, probing an unexplored kinematic region. They will help to reveal how the nucleus reacts to a fast quark, thereby shedding light on its color structure, transport properties, and on the mechanisms of the hadronization process. △ Less

Submitted 13 January, 2022; v1 submitted 21 September, 2021; originally announced September 2021.

Comments: 22 pages, 5 figures, 12 tables

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 105, 015201, (2022)

Improved $Λp$ Elastic Scattering Cross Sections Between 0.9 and 2.0 GeV/c and Connections to the Neutron Star Equation of State

Authors: CLAS Collaboration, J. Rowley, N. Compton, C. Djalali, K. Hicks, J. Price, N. Zachariou, K. P. Adhikari, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, L. Baashen, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, L. Biondo, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossu, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, D. Bulumulla , et al. (121 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Strange matter is believed to exist in the cores of neutron stars based on simple kinematics. If this is true, then hyperon-nucleon interactions will play a significant part in the neutron star equation of state (EOS). Yet, compared to other elastic scattering processes, there is very little data on $Λ$-$N$ scattering. This experiment utilized the CLAS detector to study the $Λp \rightarrow Λp$ ela… ▽ More Strange matter is believed to exist in the cores of neutron stars based on simple kinematics. If this is true, then hyperon-nucleon interactions will play a significant part in the neutron star equation of state (EOS). Yet, compared to other elastic scattering processes, there is very little data on $Λ$-$N$ scattering. This experiment utilized the CLAS detector to study the $Λp \rightarrow Λp$ elastic scattering cross section in the incident $Λ$ momentum range 0.9-2.0 GeV/c. This is the first data on this reaction in several decades. The new cross sections have significantly better accuracy and precision than the existing world data, and the techniques developed here can also be used in future experiments. △ Less

Submitted 6 August, 2021; originally announced August 2021.

Comments: 6 pages, 5 figures

Measurement of Spin Density Matrix Elements in $Λ(1520)$ Photoproduction at 8.2-8.8 GeV

Authors: GlueX Collaboration, S. Adhikari, C. S. Akondi, M. Albrecht, A. Ali, M. Amaryan, A. Asaturyan, A. Austregesilo, Z. Baldwin, F. Barbosa, J. Barlow, E. Barriga, R. Barsotti, T. D. Beattie, V. V. Berdnikov, T. Black, W. Boeglin, W. J. Briscoe, T. Britton, W. K. Brooks, E. Chudakov, S. Cole, P. L. Cole, O. Cortes, V. Crede , et al. (121 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report on the measurement of spin density matrix elements of the $Λ(1520)$ in the photoproduction reaction $γp\rightarrow Λ(1520)K^+$, via its subsequent decay to $K^{-}p$. The measurement was performed as part of the GlueX experimental program in Hall D at Jefferson Lab using a linearly polarized photon beam with $E_γ=$ 8.2-8.8 GeV. These are the first such measurements in this photon energy r… ▽ More We report on the measurement of spin density matrix elements of the $Λ(1520)$ in the photoproduction reaction $γp\rightarrow Λ(1520)K^+$, via its subsequent decay to $K^{-}p$. The measurement was performed as part of the GlueX experimental program in Hall D at Jefferson Lab using a linearly polarized photon beam with $E_γ=$ 8.2-8.8 GeV. These are the first such measurements in this photon energy range. Results are presented in bins of momentum transfer squared, $-(t-t_\text{0})$. We compare the results with a Reggeon exchange model and determine that natural exchange amplitudes are dominant in $Λ(1520)$ photoproduction. △ Less

Submitted 3 March, 2022; v1 submitted 26 July, 2021; originally announced July 2021.

Comments: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted version

Report number: GlueX-Doc 4258

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 105, 035201 (2022)

Measurement of deeply virtual Compton scattering off Helium-4 with CLAS at Jefferson Lab

Authors: R. Dupré, M. Hattawy, N. A. Baltzell, S. Bültmann, R. De Vita, A. El Alaoui, L. El Fassi, H. Egiyan, F. X. Girod, M. Guidal, K. Hafidi, D. Jenkins, S. Liuti, Y. Perrin, S. Stepanyan, B. Torayev, E. Voutier, M. J. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, F. Benmokhtar , et al. (116 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report on the measurement of the beam spin asymmetry in the deeply virtual Compton scattering off $^4$He using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab using a 6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam incident on a pressurized $^4$He gaseous target. We detail the method used to ensure the exclusivity of the measured reactions, in particular the upgrade of CLAS with a… ▽ More We report on the measurement of the beam spin asymmetry in the deeply virtual Compton scattering off $^4$He using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab using a 6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam incident on a pressurized $^4$He gaseous target. We detail the method used to ensure the exclusivity of the measured reactions, in particular the upgrade of CLAS with a radial time projection chamber to detect the low-energy recoiling $^4$He nuclei and an inner calorimeter to extend the photon detection acceptance at forward angles. Our results confirm the theoretically predicted enhancement of the coherent ($e^4$He$~\to~e'$$^4$He$'γ'$) beam spin asymmetries compared to those observed on the free proton, while the incoherent ($e^4$He$~\to~e'$p$'γ'$X$'$) asymmetries exhibit a 30$\%$ suppression. From the coherent data, we were able to extract, in a model-independent way, the real and imaginary parts of the only $^4$He Compton form factor, $\cal H_A$, leading the way toward 3D imaging of the partonic structure of nuclei. △ Less

Submitted 16 August, 2021; v1 submitted 15 February, 2021; originally announced February 2021.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 104, 025203 (2021)

Measurement of the proton spin structure at long distances

Authors: X. Zheng, A. Deur, H. Kang, S. E. Kuhn, M. Ripani, J. Zhang, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, H. Atac, H. Avakian, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, M. Bondi, F. Bossu, P. Bosted, W. J. Briscoe, J. Brock, W. K. Brooks, D. Bulumulla , et al. (126 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Measuring the spin structure of protons and neutrons tests our understanding of how they arise from quarks and gluons, the fundamental building blocks of nuclear matter. At long distances the coupling constant of the strong interaction becomes large, requiring non-perturbative methods to calculate quantum chromodynamics processes, such as lattice gauge theory or effective field theories. Here we r… ▽ More Measuring the spin structure of protons and neutrons tests our understanding of how they arise from quarks and gluons, the fundamental building blocks of nuclear matter. At long distances the coupling constant of the strong interaction becomes large, requiring non-perturbative methods to calculate quantum chromodynamics processes, such as lattice gauge theory or effective field theories. Here we report proton spin structure measurements from scattering a polarized electron beam off polarized protons. The spin-dependent cross-sections were measured at large distances, corresponding to the region of low momentum transfer squared between 0.012 and 1.0 GeV$^2$. This kinematic range provides unique tests of chiral effective field theory predictions. Our results show that a complete description of the nucleon spin remains elusive, and call for further theoretical works, e.g. in lattice quantum chromodynamics. Finally, our data extrapolated to the photon point agree with the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule, a fundamental prediction of quantum field theory that relates the anomalous magnetic moment of the proton to its integrated spin-dependent cross-sections. △ Less

Submitted 12 January, 2022; v1 submitted 4 February, 2021; originally announced February 2021.

Comments: Published version. 10 pages, 5 figures. 20 pages of supplementary material (data tables and a figure)

Report number: JLAB-PHY-20-3251, DOE/OR/23177-5042

Journal ref: Nature Physics, vo. 17 736-741 (2021)

PANDA Phase One

Authors: G. Barucca, F. Davì, G. Lancioni, P. Mengucci, L. Montalto, P. P. Natali, N. Paone, D. Rinaldi, L. Scalise, B. Krusche, M. Steinacher, Z. Liu, C. Liu, B. Liu, X. Shen, S. Sun, G. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Albrecht, W. Alkakhi, S. Bökelmann, S. Coen, F. Feldbauer, M. Fink, J. Frech , et al. (399 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany, provides unique possibilities for a new generation of hadron-, nuclear- and atomic physics experiments. The future antiProton ANnihilations at DArmstadt (PANDA or $\overline{\rm P}$ANDA) experiment at FAIR will offer a broad physics programme, covering different aspects of the strong interaction. Understanding the latter in… ▽ More The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany, provides unique possibilities for a new generation of hadron-, nuclear- and atomic physics experiments. The future antiProton ANnihilations at DArmstadt (PANDA or $\overline{\rm P}$ANDA) experiment at FAIR will offer a broad physics programme, covering different aspects of the strong interaction. Understanding the latter in the non-perturbative regime remains one of the greatest challenges in contemporary physics. The antiproton-nucleon interaction studied with PANDA provides crucial tests in this area. Furthermore, the high-intensity, low-energy domain of PANDA allows for searches for physics beyond the Standard Model, e.g. through high precision symmetry tests. This paper takes into account a staged approach for the detector setup and for the delivered luminosity from the accelerator. The available detector setup at the time of the delivery of the first antiproton beams in the HESR storage ring is referred to as the \textit{Phase One} setup. The physics programme that is achievable during Phase One is outlined in this paper. △ Less

Submitted 9 June, 2021; v1 submitted 28 January, 2021; originally announced January 2021.

Comments: 35 pages, 15 figures

Journal ref: European Physics Journal A57, 44 (2021)

Beam spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive electroproduction of a hadron pair

Authors: M. Mirazita, H. Avakian, A. Courtoy, S. Pisano, S. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, G. Angelini, H. Atac, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, Fatiha Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, F. Bossu', S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, D. Bulumulla, V. D. Burkert, D. S. Carman, J. C. Carvajal, A. Celentano, P. Chatagnon , et al. (118 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: A first measurement of the longitudinal beam spin asymmetry ALU in the semi-inclusive electroproduction of pairs of charged pions is reported. ALU is a higher-twist observable and offers the cleanest access to the nucleon twist-3 parton distribution function e(x). Data have been collected in the Hall-B at Jefferson Lab by impinging a 5.498 GeV electron beam on a liquid-hydrogen target, and reconst… ▽ More A first measurement of the longitudinal beam spin asymmetry ALU in the semi-inclusive electroproduction of pairs of charged pions is reported. ALU is a higher-twist observable and offers the cleanest access to the nucleon twist-3 parton distribution function e(x). Data have been collected in the Hall-B at Jefferson Lab by impinging a 5.498 GeV electron beam on a liquid-hydrogen target, and reconstructing the scattered electron and the pion pair with the CLAS detector. One-dimensional projections of the sin(phiR) moments of ALU are extracted for the kinematic variables of interest in the valence quark region. The understanding of di-hadron production is essential for the interpretation of observables in single hadron production in semi-inclusive DIS, and pioneering measurements of single spin asymmetries in di-hadron production open a new avenue in studies of QCD dynamics. △ Less

Submitted 19 October, 2020; originally announced October 2020.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 062002 (2021)

Studying Short-Range Correlations with Real Photon Beams at GlueX

Authors: O. Hen, M. Patsyuk, E. Piasetzky, A. Schmidt, A. Somov, H. Szumila-Vance, L. B. Weinstein, D. Dutta, H. Gao, M. Amaryan, A. Ashkenazi, A. Beck, V. Berdnikov, T. Black, W. J. Briscoe, T. Britton, W. Brooks, R. Cruz-Torres, M. M. Dalton, A. Denniston, A. Deur, H. Egiyan, C. Fanelli, S. Fegan, S. Furletov , et al. (37 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The past few years has seen tremendous progress in our understanding of short-range correlated (SRC) pairing of nucleons within nuclei, much of it coming from electron scattering experiments leading to the break-up of an SRC pair. The interpretation of these experiments rests on assumptions about the mechanism of the reaction. These assumptions can be directly tested by studying SRC pairs using al… ▽ More The past few years has seen tremendous progress in our understanding of short-range correlated (SRC) pairing of nucleons within nuclei, much of it coming from electron scattering experiments leading to the break-up of an SRC pair. The interpretation of these experiments rests on assumptions about the mechanism of the reaction. These assumptions can be directly tested by studying SRC pairs using alternate probes, such as real photons. We propose a 30-day experiment using the Hall D photon beam, nuclear targets, and the GlueX detector in its standard configuration to study short-range correlations with photon-induced reactions. Several different reaction channels are possible, and we project sensitivity in most channels to equal or exceed the 6 GeV-era SRC experiments from Halls A and B. The proposed experiment will therefore decisively test the phenomena of np dominance, the short-distance NN interaction, and reaction theory, while also providing new insight into bound nucleon structure and the onset of color transparency. △ Less

Submitted 3 October, 2020; v1 submitted 21 September, 2020; originally announced September 2020.

Comments: 38 pages, 26 figures, proposal for Jefferson Lab Experiment E12-19-003, submitted to Jefferson Lab PAC 47 (2019)

Measurement of beam asymmetry for $π^-Δ^{++}$ photoproduction on the proton at $E_γ$=8.5 GeV

Authors: GlueX Collaboration, S. Adhikari, C. S. Akondi, A. Ali, M. Amaryan, A. Asaturyan, A. Austregesilo, Z. Baldwin, F. Barbosa, J. Barlow, E. Barriga, R. Barsotti, T. D. Beattie, V. V. Berdnikov, T. Black, W. Boeglin, W. J. Briscoe, T. Britton, W. K. Brooks, B. E. Cannon, E. Chudakov, S. Cole, O. Cortes, V. Crede, M. M. Dalton , et al. (112 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report a measurement of the $π^-$ photoproduction beam asymmetry for the reaction $\vecγ p \rightarrow π^- Δ^{++}$ using data from the GlueX experiment in the photon beam energy range 8.2--8.8 GeV. The asymmetry $Σ$ is measured as a function of four-momentum transfer $t$ to the $Δ^{++}$ and compared to phenomenological models. We find that $Σ$ varies as a function of $t$: negative at smaller va… ▽ More We report a measurement of the $π^-$ photoproduction beam asymmetry for the reaction $\vecγ p \rightarrow π^- Δ^{++}$ using data from the GlueX experiment in the photon beam energy range 8.2--8.8 GeV. The asymmetry $Σ$ is measured as a function of four-momentum transfer $t$ to the $Δ^{++}$ and compared to phenomenological models. We find that $Σ$ varies as a function of $t$: negative at smaller values and positive at higher values of $|t|$. The reaction can be described theoretically by $t$-channel particle exchange requiring pseudoscalar, vector, and tensor intermediaries. In particular, this reaction requires charge exchange, allowing us to probe pion exchange and the significance of higher-order corrections to one-pion exchange at low momentum transfer. Constraining production mechanisms of conventional mesons may aid in the search for and study of unconventional mesons. This is the first measurement of the process at this energy. △ Less

Submitted 8 January, 2021; v1 submitted 15 September, 2020; originally announced September 2020.

Comments: 7 pages, 5 figures

Report number: GlueX-Doc 4272

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 103, 022201 (2021)

Strange Hadron Spectroscopy with Secondary KL Beam in Hall D

Authors: KLF Collaboration, Moskov Amaryan, Mikhail Bashkanov, Sean Dobbs, James Ritman, Justin Stevens, Igor Strakovsky, Shankar Adhikari, Arshak Asaturyan, Alexander Austregesilo, Marouen Baalouch, Vitaly Baturin, Vladimir Berdnikov, Olga Cortes Becerra, Timothy Black, Werner Boeglin, William Briscoe, William Brooks, Volker Burkert, Eugene Chudakov, Geraint Clash, Philip Cole, Volker Crede, Donal Day, Pavel Degtyarenko , et al. (128 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We propose to create a secondary beam of neutral kaons in Hall D at Jefferson Lab to be used with the GlueX experimental setup for strange hadron spectroscopy. The superior CEBAF electron beam will enable a flux on the order of $1\times 10^4~K_L/sec$, which exceeds the flux of that previously attained at SLAC by three orders of magnitude. The use of a deuteron target will provide first measurement… ▽ More We propose to create a secondary beam of neutral kaons in Hall D at Jefferson Lab to be used with the GlueX experimental setup for strange hadron spectroscopy. The superior CEBAF electron beam will enable a flux on the order of $1\times 10^4~K_L/sec$, which exceeds the flux of that previously attained at SLAC by three orders of magnitude. The use of a deuteron target will provide first measurements ever with neutral kaons on neutrons. The experiment will measure both differential cross sections and self-analyzed polarizations of the produced $Λ$, $Σ$, $Ξ$, and $Ω$ hyperons using the GlueX detector at the Jefferson Lab Hall D. The measurements will span CM $\cosθ$ from $-0.95$ to 0.95 in the range W = 1490 MeV to 2500 MeV. The new data will significantly constrain the partial wave analyses and reduce model-dependent uncertainties in the extraction of the properties and pole positions of the strange hyperon resonances, and establish the orbitally excited multiplets in the spectra of the $Ξ$ and $Ω$ hyperons. Comparison with the corresponding multiplets in the spectra of the charm and bottom hyperons will provide insight into he accuracy of QCD-based calculations over a large range of masses. The proposed facility will have a defining impact in the strange meson sector through measurements of the final state $Kπ$ system up to 2 GeV invariant mass. This will allow the determination of pole positions and widths of all relevant $K^\ast(Kπ)$ $S$-,$P$-,$D$-,$F$-, and $G$-wave resonances, settle the question of the existence or nonexistence of scalar meson $κ/K_0^\ast(700)$ and improve the constrains on their pole parameters. Subsequently improving our knowledge of the low-lying scalar nonet in general. △ Less

Submitted 4 March, 2021; v1 submitted 18 August, 2020; originally announced August 2020.

Comments: Final version of the KLF Proposal [C12-19-001] approved by JLab PAC48. The intermediate version of the proposal was posted in arXiv:1707.05284 [hep-ex]. 103 pages, 52 figures, 8 tables, 324 references. Several typos were fixed

Extraction of beam-spin asymmetries from the hard exclusive $π^{+}$ channel off protons in a wide range of kinematics

Authors: S. Diehl, K. Joo, A. Kim, H. Avakian, P. Kroll, K. Park, D. Riser, K. Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K. Tezgin, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, G. Angelini, G. Asryan, H. Atac, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, F. Boss`u, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks , et al. (113 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We have measured beam-spin asymmetries to extract the $\sinφ$ moment $A_{LU}^{\sinφ}$ from the hard exclusive $\vec{e} p \to e^\prime n π^+$ reaction above the resonance region, for the first time with nearly full coverage from forward to backward angles in the center-of-mass. The $A_{LU}^{\sinφ}$ moment has been measured up to 6.6 GeV$^{2}$ in $-t$, covering the kinematic regimes of Generalized P… ▽ More We have measured beam-spin asymmetries to extract the $\sinφ$ moment $A_{LU}^{\sinφ}$ from the hard exclusive $\vec{e} p \to e^\prime n π^+$ reaction above the resonance region, for the first time with nearly full coverage from forward to backward angles in the center-of-mass. The $A_{LU}^{\sinφ}$ moment has been measured up to 6.6 GeV$^{2}$ in $-t$, covering the kinematic regimes of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPD) and baryon-to-meson Transition Distribution Amplitudes (TDA) at the same time. The experimental results in very forward kinematics demonstrate the sensitivity to chiral-odd and chiral-even GPDs. In very backward kinematics where the TDA framework is applicable, we found $A_{LU}^{\sinφ}$ to be negative, while a sign change was observed near 90$^\circ$ in the center-of-mass. The unique results presented in this paper will provide critical constraints to establish reaction mechanisms that can help to further develop the GPD and TDA frameworks. △ Less

Submitted 30 July, 2020; originally announced July 2020.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 182001 (2020)

Photoproduction of $η$ mesons off the proton for $1.2 < E_γ< 4.7$ GeV using CLAS at Jefferson Laboratory

Authors: T. Hu, Z. Akbar, V. Crede, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, G. Angelini, G. Asryan, H. Atac, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, F. Bossu, S. Boiarinov, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, D. S. Carman, J. Carvajal, A. Celentano, P. Chatagnon, T. Chetry , et al. (126 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Photoproduction cross sections are reported for the reaction $γp\to pη$ using energy-tagged photons and the CLAS spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The $η$ mesons are detected in their dominant charged decay mode, $η\to π^+π^-π^0$, and results on differential cross sections are presented for incident photon energies between 1.2 and 4.7 GeV. These new $η$ photoproduction data are consistent with… ▽ More Photoproduction cross sections are reported for the reaction $γp\to pη$ using energy-tagged photons and the CLAS spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The $η$ mesons are detected in their dominant charged decay mode, $η\to π^+π^-π^0$, and results on differential cross sections are presented for incident photon energies between 1.2 and 4.7 GeV. These new $η$ photoproduction data are consistent with earlier CLAS results but extend the energy range beyond the nucleon resonance region into the Regge regime. The normalized angular distributions are also compared with the experimental results from several other experiments, and with predictions of $η$ MAID\,2018 and the latest solution of the Bonn-Gatchina coupled-channel analysis. Differential cross sections $dσ/dt$ are presented for incident photon energies $E_γ> 2.9$ GeV ($W > 2.5$ GeV), and compared with predictions which are based on Regge trajectories exchange in the $t$-channel (Regge models). The data confirm the expected dominance of $ρ$, $ω$ vector-meson exchange in an analysis by the Joint Physics Analysis Center. △ Less

Submitted 10 December, 2020; v1 submitted 1 June, 2020; originally announced June 2020.

Comments: 24 pages, 22 figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-20-3201

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 102, 065203 (2020)

The GlueX Beamline and Detector

Authors: S. Adhikari, C. S. Akondi, H. Al Ghoul, A. Ali, M. Amaryan, E. G. Anassontzis, A. Austregesilo, F. Barbosa, J. Barlow, A. Barnes, E. Barriga, R. Barsotti, T. D. Beattie, J. Benesch, V. V. Berdnikov, G. Biallas, T. Black, W. Boeglin, P. Brindza, W. J. Briscoe, T. Britton, J. Brock, W. K. Brooks, B. E. Cannon, C. Carlin , et al. (165 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab has been designed to study photoproduction reactions with a 9-GeV linearly polarized photon beam. The energy and arrival time of beam photons are tagged using a scintillator hodoscope and a scintillating fiber array. The photon flux is determined using a pair spectrometer, while the linear polarization of the photon beam is determined using a polarimeter based… ▽ More The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab has been designed to study photoproduction reactions with a 9-GeV linearly polarized photon beam. The energy and arrival time of beam photons are tagged using a scintillator hodoscope and a scintillating fiber array. The photon flux is determined using a pair spectrometer, while the linear polarization of the photon beam is determined using a polarimeter based on triplet photoproduction. Charged-particle tracks from interactions in the central target are analyzed in a solenoidal field using a central straw-tube drift chamber and six packages of planar chambers with cathode strips and drift wires. Electromagnetic showers are reconstructed in a cylindrical scintillating fiber calorimeter inside the magnet and a lead-glass array downstream. Charged particle identification is achieved by measuring energy loss in the wire chambers and using the flight time of particles between the target and detectors outside the magnet. The signals from all detectors are recorded with flash ADCs and/or pipeline TDCs into memories allowing trigger decisions with a latency of 3.3 $μ$s. The detector operates routinely at trigger rates of 40 kHz and data rates of 600 megabytes per second. We describe the photon beam, the GlueX detector components, electronics, data-acquisition and monitoring systems, and the performance of the experiment during the first three years of operation. △ Less

Submitted 26 October, 2020; v1 submitted 28 May, 2020; originally announced May 2020.

Comments: Accepted by Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, 78 pages, 54 figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-20-3195

Journal ref: Nucl. Instrum. & Meth. A987, 164807 (2021)

Probing the core of the strong nuclear interaction

Authors: A. Schmidt, J. R. Pybus, R. Weiss, E. P. Segarra, A. Hrnjic, A. Denniston, O. Hen, E. Piasetzky, L. B. Weinstein, N. Barnea, M. Strikman, A. Larionov, D. Higinbotham, S. Adhikari, M. Amaryan, G. Angelini, G. Asryan, H. Atac, H. Avakian, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, L. Baashen, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, A. Beck , et al. (140 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The strong nuclear interaction between nucleons (protons and neutrons) is the effective force that holds the atomic nucleus together. This force stems from fundamental interactions between quarks and gluons (the constituents of nucleons) that are described by the equations of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). However, as these equations cannot be solved directly, physicists resort to describing nuclea… ▽ More The strong nuclear interaction between nucleons (protons and neutrons) is the effective force that holds the atomic nucleus together. This force stems from fundamental interactions between quarks and gluons (the constituents of nucleons) that are described by the equations of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). However, as these equations cannot be solved directly, physicists resort to describing nuclear interactions using effective models that are well constrained at typical inter-nucleon distances in nuclei but not at shorter distances. This limits our ability to describe high-density nuclear matter such as in the cores of neutron stars. Here we use high-energy electron scattering measurements that isolate nucleon pairs in short-distance, high-momentum configurations thereby accessing a kinematical regime that has not been previously explored by experiments, corresponding to relative momenta above 400 MeV/c. As the relative momentum between two nucleons increases and their separation thereby decreases, we observe a transition from a spin-dependent tensor-force to a predominantly spin-independent scalar-force. These results demonstrate the power of using such measurements to study the nuclear interaction at short-distances and also support the use of point-like nucleons with two- and three-body effective interactions to describe nuclear systems up to densities several times higher than the central density of atomic nuclei. △ Less

Submitted 27 October, 2020; v1 submitted 23 April, 2020; originally announced April 2020.

Comments: Total 26 pages, 13 figures. Main text: 8 pages, 3 figures. Methods section: 6 pages. Extended Data: 8 figures, 1 table. Supplementary Materials: 8 pages, 2 figures

Journal ref: Nature vol. 578 pp. 540-544 (2020)

Measurement of the Photon Beam Asymmetry in $\vecγ p\to K^+Σ^0$ at $E_γ = 8.5$ GeV

Authors: The GlueX Collaboration, S. Adhikari, A. Ali, M. Amaryan, A. Austregesilo, F. Barbosa, J. Barlow, E. Barriga, R. Barsotti, T. D. Beattie, V. V. Berdnikov, T. Black, W. Boeglin, W. J. Briscoe, T. Britton, W. K. Brooks, B. E. Cannon, N. Cao, E. Chudakov, S. Cole, O. Cortes, V. Crede, M. M. Dalton, T. Daniels, A. Deur , et al. (102 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report measurements of the photon beam asymmetry $Σ$ for the reaction $\vecγ p\to K^+Σ^0$(1193) using the GlueX spectrometer in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. Data were collected using a linearly polarized photon beam in the energy range of 8.2-8.8 GeV incident on a liquid hydrogen target. The beam asymmetry $Σ$ was measured as a function of the Mandelstam variable $t$, and a single value of $Σ$ was… ▽ More We report measurements of the photon beam asymmetry $Σ$ for the reaction $\vecγ p\to K^+Σ^0$(1193) using the GlueX spectrometer in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. Data were collected using a linearly polarized photon beam in the energy range of 8.2-8.8 GeV incident on a liquid hydrogen target. The beam asymmetry $Σ$ was measured as a function of the Mandelstam variable $t$, and a single value of $Σ$ was extracted for events produced in the $u$-channel. These are the first exclusive measurements of the photon beam asymmetry $Σ$ for the reaction in this energy range. For the $t$-channel, the measured beam asymmetry is close to unity over the $t$-range studied, $-t=(0.1-1.4)~$(GeV/$c$)$^{2}$, with an average value of $Σ= 1.00\pm 0.05$. This agrees with theoretical models that describe the reaction via the natural-parity exchange of the $K^{*}$(892) Regge trajectory. A value of $Σ= 0.41 \pm 0.09$ is obtained for the $u$-channel integrated up to $-u=2.0$~(GeV/$c$)$^{2}$. △ Less

Submitted 12 May, 2020; v1 submitted 18 March, 2020; originally announced March 2020.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 101, 065206 (2020)

Beam Asymmetry $\mathbfΣ$ for the Photoproduction of $\mathbfη$ and $\mathbf{η^{\prime}}$ Mesons at $\mathbf{E_γ=8.8}$GeV

Authors: The GlueX Collaboration, S. Adhikari, A. Ali, M. Amaryan, A. Austregesilo, F. Barbosa, J. Barlow, A. Barnes, E. Barriga, R. Barsotti, T. D. Beattie, V. V. Berdnikov, T. Black, W. Boeglin, M. Boer, W. J. Briscoe, T. Britton, W. K. Brooks, B. E. Cannon, N. Cao, E. Chudakov, S. Cole, O. Cortes, V. Crede, M. M. Dalton , et al. (109 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report on the measurement of the beam asymmetry $Σ$ for the reactions $\vecγp\rightarrow pη$ and $\vecγp \rightarrow pη^{\prime}$ from the GlueX experiment, using an 8.2--8.8 GeV linearly polarized tagged photon beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. These measurements are made as a function of momentum transfer $-t$, with significantly higher statistical precisio… ▽ More We report on the measurement of the beam asymmetry $Σ$ for the reactions $\vecγp\rightarrow pη$ and $\vecγp \rightarrow pη^{\prime}$ from the GlueX experiment, using an 8.2--8.8 GeV linearly polarized tagged photon beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. These measurements are made as a function of momentum transfer $-t$, with significantly higher statistical precision than our earlier $η$ measurements, and are the first measurements of $η^{\prime}$ in this energy range. We compare the results to theoretical predictions based on $t$--channel quasi-particle exchange. We also compare the ratio of $Σ_η$ to $Σ_{η^{\prime}}$ to these models, as this ratio is predicted to be sensitive to the amount of $s\bar{s}$ exchange in the production. We find that photoproduction of both $η$ and $η^{\prime}$ is dominated by natural parity exchange with little dependence on $-t$. △ Less

Submitted 24 November, 2019; v1 submitted 15 August, 2019; originally announced August 2019.

Comments: 18 pages, 7 figures

Report number: GlueX-Doc 4093

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 100, 052201 (2019)

Photoproduction Reactions and Non-Strange Baryon Spectroscopy

Authors: David G. Ireland, Eugene Pasyuk, Igor Strakovsky

Abstract: We review the last two decades of using photon beams to measure the production of mesons, and in particular the information that can be obtained on the spectrum of light, non-strange baryons. This is a compendium of experimental results, which should be used as a complement to theoretical reviews of the subject. Lists of data sets are given, together with a comprehensive set of references. An indi… ▽ More We review the last two decades of using photon beams to measure the production of mesons, and in particular the information that can be obtained on the spectrum of light, non-strange baryons. This is a compendium of experimental results, which should be used as a complement to theoretical reviews of the subject. Lists of data sets are given, together with a comprehensive set of references. An indication of the impact of the data is presented with a summary of the results. △ Less

Submitted 10 June, 2019; originally announced June 2019.

Comments: Submitted to Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics