Showing 1–48 of 48 results for author: Ye, Y

Towards Collinear Laser Spectroscopy of Radioactive Molecules Utilizing In-trap Produced Molecular Ion Beam

Authors: W. C. Mei, S. J. Chen, X. F. Yang, J. H. Lv, D. Y. Chen, H. R. Hu, Y. F. Guo, Z. Yan, Y. P. Jing, C. Zhang, Y. P. Lin, T. X. Gao, X. Shen, S. W. Bai, R. F. Garcia Ruiz, J. Yang, Y. L. Ye

Abstract: Molecules containing short-lived isotopes, namely radioactive molecules, are among the most promising candidates for probing new physics beyond the Standard Model, although their production and spectroscopic measurements remain technically challenging. Here, we demonstrate an integrated methodology that combines formation of molecular ion beams in a radiofrequency quadrupole cooler-buncher with co… ▽ More Molecules containing short-lived isotopes, namely radioactive molecules, are among the most promising candidates for probing new physics beyond the Standard Model, although their production and spectroscopic measurements remain technically challenging. Here, we demonstrate an integrated methodology that combines formation of molecular ion beams in a radiofrequency quadrupole cooler-buncher with collinear laser spectroscopy. As a proof-of-principle experiment, we successfully produce molecular ions such as $\rm BaF^+$ and $\rm YbF^+$ via in-trap ion-molecule reactions and perform high-resolution laser spectroscopy of the target molecule $\rm ^{138}BaF$. Vibrational and rotational structures of $\rm ^{138}BaF$ across different electronic states are obtained using resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization schemes, confirming the feasibility of the proposed methodology. This work establishes a practical route for future formation and spectroscopic studies of short-lived radioactive molecules, such as those containing $\rm ^{225}Ra$, at radioactive ion beam facilities. △ Less

Submitted 16 March, 2026; originally announced March 2026.

Direct observation of three-neutron emission from $^7$He$^*$ and the search for the trineutron

Authors: S. W. Huang, C. Lenain, Z. H. Yang, F. M. Marqués, J. Gibelin, J. G. Li, A. Matta, N. A. Orr, N. L. Achouri, D. S. Ahn, A. Anne, T. Aumann, H. Baba, D. Beaumel, M. Böhmer, K. Boretzky, M. Caamaño, N. Chen, S. Chen, N. Chiga, M. L. Cortés, D. Cortina, P. Doornenbal, C. A. Douma, F. Dufter , et al. (85 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Three-neutron emission from $^7$He has been directly measured for the first time, following neutron knockout from a $^8$He beam at 156 MeV/nucleon. A resonance-like structure at $2.08(4)$ MeV above the $^4$He+$3n$ threshold [$E_x=2.68(4)$ MeV] with a width of $3.9(2)$ MeV was observed and deduced to arise predominately from the predicted $J^π=3/2^{-}_2$ level. The three-neutron invariant-mass spec… ▽ More Three-neutron emission from $^7$He has been directly measured for the first time, following neutron knockout from a $^8$He beam at 156 MeV/nucleon. A resonance-like structure at $2.08(4)$ MeV above the $^4$He+$3n$ threshold [$E_x=2.68(4)$ MeV] with a width of $3.9(2)$ MeV was observed and deduced to arise predominately from the predicted $J^π=3/2^{-}_2$ level. The three-neutron invariant-mass spectrum was reconstructed and found to peak at around 1 MeV and could, through complete simulations incorporating neutron-neutron correlations, be very well described by the sequential decay of $^7$He$^*$ via the $2_1^+$ excited state of $^6$He. No evidence was found for any significant three-neutron correlations beyond those expected from well-established two-body interactions, including a trineutron resonance. △ Less

Submitted 11 March, 2026; originally announced March 2026.

Comments: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Research

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Research 8 (2026) L022003

Commissioning and Full Realization of the PLASEN System at BRIF

Authors: W. C. Mei, H. R. Hu, Y. F. Guo, Z. Yan, X. F. Yang, S. J. Chen, D. Y. Chen, Y. P. Lin, Y. S. Liu, C. Zhang, Y. P. Jing, T. X. Gao, X. Shen, Y. Y. Jia, Y. T. Lin, H. X. Zhang, S. W. Bai, B. Tang, X. Ma, G. F. Song, S. Ye, M. Y. Lu, J. Y. Dong, B. K. Dong, J. H. Lv , et al. (15 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: A PLASEN (Precision LAser Spectroscopy for Exotic Nuclei) system, consisting of a compact radio-frequency quadrupole cooler-buncher (RFQ-cb) and a collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy setup, has now been fully commissioned with radioactive ion beams at the Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facility (BRIF). Using both stable and radioactive Rb ion beams from BRIF, we demonstrated that the large b… ▽ More A PLASEN (Precision LAser Spectroscopy for Exotic Nuclei) system, consisting of a compact radio-frequency quadrupole cooler-buncher (RFQ-cb) and a collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy setup, has now been fully commissioned with radioactive ion beams at the Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facility (BRIF). Using both stable and radioactive Rb ion beams from BRIF, we demonstrated that the large beam energy spread observed at BRIF has been successfully handled by employing the RFQ-cb, enabling the delivery of high-quality bunched radioactive ion beams for collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy experiments. Under these conditions, we performed laser spectroscopy of exotic nuclei, achieving high resolution (about 100 MHz spectral linewidth) and high sensitivity (up to 1:200 efficiency). This fully operational PLASEN system will serve as a state-of-the-art experimental platform at BRIF for research in multiple fields such as nuclear, atomic and molecular physics. △ Less

Submitted 4 March, 2026; originally announced March 2026.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Research 8, 023286 (2026)

Fragmentation of neutron-rich carbon isotopes on light targets at 27.5 MeV/nucleon

Authors: Zi-Yao Hu, Yan-Lin Ye, Jian-Ling Lou, Zai-Hong Yang, Xiao-Fei Yang, Li-Sheng Yang, Wei-Liang Pu, Kang Wei, Ying Chen, Hong-Yu Zhu, Bo-Long Xia, Jia-Xing Han, Jia-Hao Chen, Kai Ma, Dong-Xi Wang, Hao-Yu Ge, Wen-Wu Wan, Jia-Wei Bian, Ze-Yu Du, Zhe-Yang Lin, Qi-Te Li, Zhi-Huan Li, Ong-Hooi Jin, Yan-Yun Yang, Shi-Wei Xu , et al. (8 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Experimental and theoretical investigation of the fragmentation reaction in Fermi-energy domain is currently of particular importance for not only the nuclear physics but also some interdisciplinary fields. In the present work, neutron-rich $^{14}$C and $^{16}$C ion beams at 27.5 MeV/nucleon were used to bombard carbon and polyethylene (CD$_{2}$)$_{n}$ targets. Energy and angular distributions of… ▽ More Experimental and theoretical investigation of the fragmentation reaction in Fermi-energy domain is currently of particular importance for not only the nuclear physics but also some interdisciplinary fields. In the present work, neutron-rich $^{14}$C and $^{16}$C ion beams at 27.5 MeV/nucleon were used to bombard carbon and polyethylene (CD$_{2}$)$_{n}$ targets. Energy and angular distributions of the produced fragments were measured. Background events originating from the carbon content in (CD$_{2}$)$_{n}$ target were efficiently excluded using an extended $E-P$ plot method. Experimental results are systematically analyzed by using HIPSE-SIMON dynamic model. The comparison reveals that, for the carbon target, the HIPSE-SIMON calculation overestimates the yields of the beam-velocity component for fragments near the projectile and also the energy phase space for fragments far away from the projectile, suggesting fine tuning of the overall interaction profile adopted in the model. In contrast, for reactions with the deuteron target, the model calculation can reasonably reproduce the experimental data. The implication of the fragmentation mechanism to the validity of the invariant mass method, as frequently used to reconstruct the clustering resonant structures in light nuclei, is also discussed. △ Less

Submitted 24 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Journal ref: Chin. Phys. C 50, no.3,034001 (2026)

Development and Characterization of a High-Resolution and High-Sensitivity Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy Setup

Authors: H. R. Hu, Y. F. Guo, X. F. Yang, Z. Yan, W. C. Mei, S. J. Chen, Y. S. Liu, P. Zhang, S. W. Bai, D. Y. Chen, Y. C. Liu, S. J. Wang, Q. T. Li, Y. L. Ye, C. Y. He, J. Yang, Z. Y. Liu

Abstract: With the recent implementation of a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) cooler-buncher and a multi-step laser resonance ionization technique, our previously developed collinear laser spectroscopy setup has been successfully upgraded into a fully functional collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy system. The new system was fully characterized using a bunched ion beam at 30~keV, during which hyperf… ▽ More With the recent implementation of a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) cooler-buncher and a multi-step laser resonance ionization technique, our previously developed collinear laser spectroscopy setup has been successfully upgraded into a fully functional collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy system. The new system was fully characterized using a bunched ion beam at 30~keV, during which hyperfine structure spectra of $^{85,87}$Rb isotopes were measured. An overall efficiency exceeding 1:200 (one resonant ion detected for every 200 ions after the RFQ cooler-buncher) was achieved while maintaining a spectral resolution of 100 MHz. Under these conditions, the extracted hyperfine structure parameters and isotope shift for $^{85,87}$Rb show excellent agreement with the literature values. These results demonstrate the system's capability to perform high-resolution and high-sensitivity laser spectroscopy of neutron-rich Rb isotopes, which are expected to be produced at the Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facility at a rate of approximately 100 particles per second. △ Less

Submitted 21 May, 2025; v1 submitted 26 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

Commissioning of a radiofrequency quadrupole cooler-buncher for collinear laser spectroscopy

Authors: Yin-Shen Liu, Han-Rui Hu, Xiao-Fei Yang, Wen-Cong Mei, Yang-Fan Guo, Zhou Yan, Shao-Jie Chen, Shi-wei Bai, Shu-Jing Wang, Yong-Chao Liu, Peng Zhang, Dong-Yang Chen, Yan-Lin Ye, Qi-Te Li, Jie Yang, Stephan Malbrunot-Ettenauer, Simon Lechner, Carina Kanitz

Abstract: A RadioFrequency Quadrupole (RFQ) cooler-buncher system has been developed and implemented in a collinear laser spectroscopy setup. This system is dedicated to convert a continuous ion beam into short bunches, while enhancing beam quality and reducing energy spread. The functionality of the RFQ cooler-buncher has been verified through offline tests with stable rubidium and indium beam, delivered f… ▽ More A RadioFrequency Quadrupole (RFQ) cooler-buncher system has been developed and implemented in a collinear laser spectroscopy setup. This system is dedicated to convert a continuous ion beam into short bunches, while enhancing beam quality and reducing energy spread. The functionality of the RFQ cooler-buncher has been verified through offline tests with stable rubidium and indium beam, delivered from a surface ion source and a laser ablation ion source, respectively. With a transmission efficiency exceeding 60\%, bunched ion beams with a full width at half maximum of approximately 2~$μ$s in the time-of-flight spectrum have been successfully achieved. The implementation of the RFQ cooler-buncher system also significantly improves the overall transmission efficiency of the collinear laser spectroscopy setup. △ Less

Submitted 24 July, 2025; v1 submitted 15 February, 2025; originally announced February 2025.

The EMC Effect of Tritium and Helium-3 from the JLab MARATHON Experiment

Authors: D. Abrams, H. Albataineh, B. S. Aljawrneh, S. Alsalmi, D. Androic, K. Aniol, W. Armstrong, J. Arrington, H. Atac, T. Averett, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, X. Bai, J. Bane, S. Barcus, A. Beck, V. Bellini, H. Bhatt, D. Bhetuwal, D. Biswas, D. Blyth, W. Boeglin, D. Bulumulla, J. Butler, A. Camsonne, M. Carmignotto , et al. (109 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Measurements of the EMC effect in the tritium and helium-3 mirror nuclei are reported. The data were obtained by the MARATHON Jefferson Lab experiment, which performed deep inelastic electron scattering from deuterium and the three-body nuclei, using a cryogenic gas target system and the High Resolution Spectrometers of the Hall A Facility of the Lab. The data cover the Bjorken $x$ range from 0.20… ▽ More Measurements of the EMC effect in the tritium and helium-3 mirror nuclei are reported. The data were obtained by the MARATHON Jefferson Lab experiment, which performed deep inelastic electron scattering from deuterium and the three-body nuclei, using a cryogenic gas target system and the High Resolution Spectrometers of the Hall A Facility of the Lab. The data cover the Bjorken $x$ range from 0.20 to 0.83, corresponding to a squared four-momentum transfer $Q^2$ range from 2.7 to $11.9\gevsq$, and to an invariant mass $W$ of the final hadronic state greater than 1.84 GeV/${\it c}^2$. The tritium EMC effect measurement is the first of its kind. The MARATHON experimental results are compared to results from previous measurements by DESY-HERMES and JLab-Hall C experiments, as well as with few-body theoretical predictions. △ Less

Submitted 15 October, 2024; originally announced October 2024.

Comments: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2104.05850

$α$-cluster decay from $^{24}$Mg resonances produced in $^{12}$C($^{16}$O,$^{24}$Mg)$α$ reaction

Authors: Dong-Xi Wang, Yan-Lin Ye, Cheng-Jian Lin, Jia-Hao Chen, Kai Ma, Jia-Xing Han, Hui-Ming Jia, Lei Yang, Li-Sheng Yang, Zi-Yao Hu, Ying Chen, Wei-Liang Pu, Gen Li, Zhi-Wei Tan, Hong-Yu Zhu, Tian-Peng Luo, Shan-Hao Zhong, Da-Hu Huang, Jian-Ling Lou, Xiao-Fei Yang, Qi-Te Li, Jin-Yan Xu, Zai-Hong Yang, Kang Wei

Abstract: A transfer reaction and cluster-decay experiment, $^{12}$C($^{16}$O,$^{24}$Mg$\rightarrow$$α$+$^{20}$Ne)$α$, was performed at a beam energy of 96 MeV. Both recoil and decay $α$ particles were detected in coincidence, allowing us to deduce the energy-momentum of a $^{20}$Ne fragment. A number of resonant states of $^{24}$Mg were reconstructed up to an excitation energy of approximately 30 MeV. Owin… ▽ More A transfer reaction and cluster-decay experiment, $^{12}$C($^{16}$O,$^{24}$Mg$\rightarrow$$α$+$^{20}$Ne)$α$, was performed at a beam energy of 96 MeV. Both recoil and decay $α$ particles were detected in coincidence, allowing us to deduce the energy-momentum of a $^{20}$Ne fragment. A number of resonant states of $^{24}$Mg were reconstructed up to an excitation energy of approximately 30 MeV. Owing to the experimentally achieved excellent resolutions of the $Q$-value and excitation-energy spectra, the relative decay widths for each resonant state in $^{24}$Mg to various final states of $^{20}$Ne were extracted, alone with the total decay width. The obtained results provide good testing ground for theoretical descriptions of the multiple clustering configurations in $^{24}$Mg. △ Less

Submitted 8 December, 2022; originally announced December 2022.

QCD Phase Structure and Interactions at High Baryon Density: Continuation of BES Physics Program with CBM at FAIR

Authors: D. Almaalol, M. Hippert, J. Noronha-Hostler, J. Noronha, E. Speranza, G. Basar, S. Bass, D. Cebra, V. Dexheimer, D. Keane, S. Radhakrishnan, A. I. Sheikh, M. Strickland, C. Y. Tsang, . X. Dong, V. Koch, G. Odyniec, N. Xu, F. Geurts, D. Hofman, M. Stephanov, G. Wilks, Z. Y. Ye, H. Z. Huang, G. Wang , et al. (19 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We advocate for an active US participation in the international collaboration of the CBM experiment that will allow the US nuclear physics program to build on its successful exploration of the QCD phase diagram, use the expertise gained at RHIC to make complementary measurements at FAIR, and contribute to achieving the scientific goals of the beam energy scan (BES) program. We advocate for an active US participation in the international collaboration of the CBM experiment that will allow the US nuclear physics program to build on its successful exploration of the QCD phase diagram, use the expertise gained at RHIC to make complementary measurements at FAIR, and contribute to achieving the scientific goals of the beam energy scan (BES) program. △ Less

Submitted 21 December, 2022; v1 submitted 11 September, 2022; originally announced September 2022.

Comments: 30 pages, 7 figures

Construction and commissioning of the collinear laser spectroscopy system at BRIF

Authors: S. J. Wang, X. F. Yang, S. W. Bai, Y. C. Liu, P. Zhang, Y. S. Liu, H. R. Hu, H. W. Li, B. Tang, B. Q. Cui, C. Y. He, X. Ma, Q. T. Li, J. H. Chen, K. Ma, L. S. Yang, Z. Y. Hu, W. L. Pu, Y. Chen, Y. F. Guo, Z. Y. Du, Z. Yan, F. L. Liu, H. R. Wang, G. Q. Yang , et al. (2 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We have constructed a collinear laser spectroscopy (CLS) system installed at the Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facility (BRIF), aiming to investigate the nuclear properties of unstable nuclei. The first on-line commissioning experiment of this system was performed using the continuous stable ($^{39}$K) and unstable ($^{38}$K) ion beams produced by impinging a 100-MeV proton beam on a CaO target. Hy… ▽ More We have constructed a collinear laser spectroscopy (CLS) system installed at the Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facility (BRIF), aiming to investigate the nuclear properties of unstable nuclei. The first on-line commissioning experiment of this system was performed using the continuous stable ($^{39}$K) and unstable ($^{38}$K) ion beams produced by impinging a 100-MeV proton beam on a CaO target. Hyperfine structure spectra of these two isotopes are reasonably reproduced, and the extracted magnetic dipole hyperfine parameters and isotope shift agree with the literature values. The on-line experiment demonstrates the overall functioning of this CLS system, opening new opportunities for laser spectroscopy measurement of unstable isotopes at BRIF and other radioactive ion beam facilities in China. △ Less

Submitted 11 March, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Observation of the $π^2σ^2$-bond linear-chain molecular structure in $^{16}$C

Authors: J. X. Han, Y. Liu, Y. L. Ye, J. L. Lou, X. F. Yang, T. Baba, M. Kimura, B. Yang, Z. H. Li, Q. T. Li, J. Y. Xu, Y. C. Ge, H. Hua, Z. H. Yang, J. S. Wang, Y. Y. Yang, P. Ma, Z. Bai, Q. Hu, W. Liu, K. Ma, L. C. Tao, Y. Jiang, L. Y. Hu, H. L. Zang , et al. (15 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Measurements of the $^2$H($^{16}$C,$^{16}$C$^{*}$$\rightarrow^4$He+$^{12}$Be or $^6$He+$^{10}$Be)$^2$H inelastic excitation and cluster-decay reactions have been carried out at a beam energy of about 23.5 MeV/u. A specially designed detection system, including one multi-layer silicon-strip telescope at around zero degrees, has allowed the high-efficiency three-fold coincident detection and therefo… ▽ More Measurements of the $^2$H($^{16}$C,$^{16}$C$^{*}$$\rightarrow^4$He+$^{12}$Be or $^6$He+$^{10}$Be)$^2$H inelastic excitation and cluster-decay reactions have been carried out at a beam energy of about 23.5 MeV/u. A specially designed detection system, including one multi-layer silicon-strip telescope at around zero degrees, has allowed the high-efficiency three-fold coincident detection and therefore the event-by-event determination of the energy of the unstable nucleus beam. The decay paths from the $^{16}$C resonances to various states of the final $^{10}$Be or $^{12}$Be nucleus are recognized thanks to the well-resolved $Q$-value spectra. The reconstructed resonances at 16.5(1), 17.3(2), 19.4(1) and 21.6(2) MeV are assigned as the $0^+$, $2^+$, $4^+$ and $6^+$ members, respectively, of the positive-parity $(3/2_π^-)^2(1/2_σ^-)^2$-bond linear-chain molecular band in $^{16}$C, based on the angular correlation analysis for the 16.5 MeV state and the excellent agreement of decay patterns between the measurements and theoretical predictions. Moreover, another intriguing high-lying state was observed at 27.2(1) MeV which decays almost exclusively to the $\sim$6 MeV states of $^{10}$Be, in line with the newly predicted pure $σ$-bond linear-chain configuration. △ Less

Submitted 11 February, 2022; originally announced February 2022.

Comments: 13 pages, 10 figures

Experimental study of intruder components in light neutron-rich nuclei via single-nucleon transfer reaction

Authors: Wei Liu, Jian-Ling Lou, Yan-Lin Ye, Dan-Yang Pang

Abstract: With the development of radioactive beam facilities, studies concerning the shell evolution of unstable nuclei have recently gained prominence. Intruder components, particularly s-wave intrusion, in the low-lying states of light neutron-rich nuclei near N=8 are of importance in the study of shell evolution. The use of single-nucleon transfer reactions in inverse kinematics has been a sensitive too… ▽ More With the development of radioactive beam facilities, studies concerning the shell evolution of unstable nuclei have recently gained prominence. Intruder components, particularly s-wave intrusion, in the low-lying states of light neutron-rich nuclei near N=8 are of importance in the study of shell evolution. The use of single-nucleon transfer reactions in inverse kinematics has been a sensitive tool that can be used to quantitatively investigate the single-particle orbital component of selectively populated states. The spin-parity, spectroscopic factor (or single-particle strength), and effective single-particle energy can all be extracted from such reactions. These observables are often useful to explain the nature of shell evolution, and to constrain, check, and test the parameters used in nuclear structure models. In this article, the experimental studies of the intruder components in low-lying states of neutron-rich nuclei of He, Li, Be, B, and C isotopes using various single-nucleon transfer reactions are reviewed. The focus is laid on the precise determination of the intruder s-wave strength in low-lying states. △ Less

Submitted 9 March, 2021; originally announced March 2021.

Observation of the near-threshold intruder $0^-$ resonance in $^{12}$Be

Authors: J. Chen, S. M. Wang, H. T. Fortune, J. L. Lou, Y. L. Ye, Z. H. Li, N. Michel, J. G. Li, C. X. Yuan, Y. C. Ge, Q. T. Li, H. Hua, D. X. Jiang, X. F. Yang, D. Y. Pang, F. R. Xu, W. Zuo, J. C. Pei, J. Li, W. Jiang, Y. L. Sun, H. L. Zang, N. Aoi, H. J. Ong, E. Ideguchi , et al. (12 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: A resonant state at $3.21^{+0.12}_{-0.04}$\,MeV, located just above the one-neutron separation threshold, was observed for the first time in $^{12}$Be from the $^{11}$Be\,$(d,p)^{12}$Be one-neutron transfer reaction in inverse kinematics. This state is assigned a spin-parity of $0^-$, according to the distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) and decay-width analysis. Gamow coupled-channel (GCC) an… ▽ More A resonant state at $3.21^{+0.12}_{-0.04}$\,MeV, located just above the one-neutron separation threshold, was observed for the first time in $^{12}$Be from the $^{11}$Be\,$(d,p)^{12}$Be one-neutron transfer reaction in inverse kinematics. This state is assigned a spin-parity of $0^-$, according to the distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) and decay-width analysis. Gamow coupled-channel (GCC) and Gamow shell-model (GSM) calculations show the importance of the continuum-coupling, which dramatically influences the excitation energy and ordering of low-lying states. Various exotic structures associated with cross-shell intruding configurations in $^{12}$Be and in its isotonic nucleus $^{11}$Li are comparably discussed. △ Less

Submitted 3 March, 2021; originally announced March 2021.

Property investigation for different wedge-shaped CsI(Tl)s

Authors: G. Li, J. L. Lou, Y. L. Ye, H. Hua, H. Wang, J. X. Han, W. Liu, S. W. Bai, Z. W. Tan, K. Ma, J. H. Chen, L. S. Yang, S. J. Wang, Z. Y. Hu, H. Z. Yu, H. Y. Zhu, B. L. Xia, Y. Jiang, Y. Liu, X. F. Yang, Q. T. Li, J. Y. Xu, J. S. Wang, Y. Y. Yang, J. B. Ma , et al. (10 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Two types of wedge-shaped CsI(Tl)s were designed to be placed behind the annular double-sided silicon detectors (ADSSDs) to identify the light charged particles with the $ΔE-E$ method. The properties of CsI(Tl)s with different shapes and sizes, such as energy resolution, light output non-uniformity and particle identification capability, were compared by using a $α$-source and a radioactive beam o… ▽ More Two types of wedge-shaped CsI(Tl)s were designed to be placed behind the annular double-sided silicon detectors (ADSSDs) to identify the light charged particles with the $ΔE-E$ method. The properties of CsI(Tl)s with different shapes and sizes, such as energy resolution, light output non-uniformity and particle identification capability, were compared by using a $α$-source and a radioactive beam of $^{15}$C. The big-size CsI(Tl) was finally adopted to form the $ΔE-E$ telescope due to better properties. The property differences of these two types of CsI(Tl)s can be interpreted based on the Geant4 simulation results. △ Less

Submitted 2 March, 2021; originally announced March 2021.

Study of $s$- and $d$-wave intruder strengths in $^{13}{\rm B}_{\rm g.s.}$ via a $p(^{13}{\rm B},d)^{12}{\rm B}$ reaction

Authors: W. Liu, J. L. Lou, Y. L. Ye, Z. H. Li, Q. T. Li, H. Hua, X. F. Yang, J. Y. Xu, H. J. Ong, D. T. Tran, N. Aoi, E. Ideguchi, D. Y. Pang, C. X. Yuan, S. M. Wang, Y. Jiang, B. Yang, Y. Liu, J. G. Li, Z. Q. Chen, J. X. Han, S. W. Bai, G. Li, K. Ma, Z. W. Tan , et al. (2 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Experimental results of the $p(^{13}{\rm B},d)^{12}{\rm B}$ transfer reaction to the low-lying states in $^{12}$B are reported. The optical potential parameters for the entrance channel are extracted from the elastic scattering $p$($^{13}{\rm B}$, $p$) measured in the same experiment, while those for the exit channel are global ones. Spectroscopic factors associated with the $p$-, $s$-, and $d$-wa… ▽ More Experimental results of the $p(^{13}{\rm B},d)^{12}{\rm B}$ transfer reaction to the low-lying states in $^{12}$B are reported. The optical potential parameters for the entrance channel are extracted from the elastic scattering $p$($^{13}{\rm B}$, $p$) measured in the same experiment, while those for the exit channel are global ones. Spectroscopic factors associated with the $p$-, $s$-, and $d$-wave neutron transfer to the known $^{12}$B states, are extracted by comparing the deuteron angular distributions with the calculation results. The separated $s$- and $d$-wave intruder strengths in $^{13}{\rm B}_{\rm g.s.}$ were determined to be $10(2)\%$ and $6(1)\%$, respectively, which follow roughly the systematics for the $N$ = 8 neutron-rich isotones. The measured total intruder strength is in good agreement with the shell model calculation, while the individual ones evolve quite differently. Particularly, the sudden change of the $d$-wave intensity between $^{13}$B and $^{12}$Be needs further theoretical interpretation. △ Less

Submitted 2 March, 2021; originally announced March 2021.

Comments: 8 pages,8 figures

Beam energy dependence of cumulants of the net-baryon, net-charge and deuteron multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3.0-5.0$ GeV

Authors: Yunxiao Ye, Yongjia Wang, Qingfeng Li, Dinghui Lu, Fuqiang Wang

Abstract: Within the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, in which the Lorentz-covariant treatment of nuclear mean-field potential is considered, the fluctuations of net-baryon, net-charge and deuterons multiplicity distributions in Au+Au head-on collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3.0-5.0$ GeV are calculated. The results show that the nuclear mean-field potential can significantly enhance… ▽ More Within the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, in which the Lorentz-covariant treatment of nuclear mean-field potential is considered, the fluctuations of net-baryon, net-charge and deuterons multiplicity distributions in Au+Au head-on collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3.0-5.0$ GeV are calculated. The results show that the nuclear mean-field potential can significantly enhance the magnitude of baryon number fluctuations in narrow rapidity windows, and this enhancement rapidly weakens with increasing beam energy. However, for proton and net-charge number fluctuations, the mean-field effects are less noticeable than that for baryon number. In addition, for net-charge number fluctuations, the negative binomial distribution agrees well with the calculated results at mid-pseudorapidity window. Finally, the event-by-event fluctuations of deuteron number in the coalescence production picture are calculated as well, it is found that its cumulant ratios decrease linearly with increasing the average multiplicity of deuterons per event, i.e., increase with increasing beam energy. △ Less

Submitted 24 April, 2020; originally announced April 2020.

Comments: 8 pages, 6 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 101, 034915 (2020)

Positive-parity linear-chain molecular band in $^{16}$C

Authors: Y. Liu, Y. L. Ye, J. L. Lou, X. F. Yang, T. Baba, M. Kimura, B. Yang, Z. H. Li, Q. T. Li, J. Y. Xu, Y. C. Ge, H. Hua, J. S. Wang, Y. Y. Yang, P. Ma, Z. Bai, Q. Hu, W. Liu, K. Ma, L. C. Tao, Y. Jiang, L. Y. Hu, H. L. Zang, J. Feng, H. Y. Wu , et al. (14 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: An inelastic excitation and cluster-decay experiment $\rm {^2H}(^{16}C,~{^{4}He}+{^{12}Be}~or~{^{6}He}+{^{10}Be}){^2H}$ was carried out to investigate the linear-chain clustering structure in neutron-rich $\rm {^{16}C}$. For the first time, decay-paths from the $\rm {^{16}C}$ resonances to various states of the final nuclei were determined, thanks to the well-resolved $Q$-value spectra obtained fr… ▽ More An inelastic excitation and cluster-decay experiment $\rm {^2H}(^{16}C,~{^{4}He}+{^{12}Be}~or~{^{6}He}+{^{10}Be}){^2H}$ was carried out to investigate the linear-chain clustering structure in neutron-rich $\rm {^{16}C}$. For the first time, decay-paths from the $\rm {^{16}C}$ resonances to various states of the final nuclei were determined, thanks to the well-resolved $Q$-value spectra obtained from the three-fold coincident measurement. The close-threshold resonance at 16.5 MeV is assigned as the ${J^π}={0^+}$ band head of the predicted positive-parity linear-chain molecular band with ${(3/2_π^-)^2}{(1/2_σ^-)^2}$ configuration, according to the associated angular correlation and decay analysis. Other members of this band were found at 17.3, 19.4, and 21.6 MeV based on their selective decay properties, being consistent with the theoretical predictions. Another intriguing high-lying state was observed at 27.2 MeV which decays almost exclusively to $\rm {^{6}He}+{^{10}Be{(\sim6~ MeV)}}$ final channel, corresponding well to another predicted linear-chain structure with the pure $σ$-bond configuration. △ Less

Submitted 23 April, 2020; originally announced April 2020.

Comments: 6 pages, 4 figures

Determination of the cluster-decay branching ratio from a near-threshold molecular state in $^{10}$Be

Authors: W. Jiang, Y. L. Ye, C. J. Lin, Z. H. Li, J. L. Lou, X. F. Yang, Q. T. Li, Y. C. Ge, H. Hua, D. X. Jiang, D. Y. Pang, J. Li, J. Chen, Z. H. Yang, X. H. Sun, Z. Y. Tian, J. Feng, B. Yang, H. L. Zang, Q. Liu, P. J. Li, Z. Q. Chen, Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, J. Ma , et al. (5 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: A puzzle has long existed for the $α$-cluster content in the near-threshold 7.54 MeV state of $^{10}$Be. A new measurement was conducted to measure the cluster-decay partial width of this state, using the reaction $\rm{^9Be}(\rm{^9Be}, \rm{^{10}Be}^{*} \rightarrow α+ \rm{^6He})\rm{^8Be}$ at 45 MeV beam energy. Special measures were taken to reduce the strong near-threshold background. The neutron-… ▽ More A puzzle has long existed for the $α$-cluster content in the near-threshold 7.54 MeV state of $^{10}$Be. A new measurement was conducted to measure the cluster-decay partial width of this state, using the reaction $\rm{^9Be}(\rm{^9Be}, \rm{^{10}Be}^{*} \rightarrow α+ \rm{^6He})\rm{^8Be}$ at 45 MeV beam energy. Special measures were taken to reduce the strong near-threshold background. The neutron-decay strength was also obtained based on the three-fold coincident measurement. A cluster-decay branching ratio of $(4.04 \pm 1.26)\times 10^{-4}$ is obtained, resulting in a reasonably large $α$-cluster spectroscopic factor. The present work confirms the formation of the $σ$-bond molecular rotational band headed by the 6.18 MeV state in $^{10}$Be. △ Less

Submitted 5 March, 2020; originally announced March 2020.

Probing few-body nuclear dynamics via 3H and 3He (e,e'p)pn cross-section measurements

Authors: R. Cruz-Torres, D. Nguyen, F. Hauenstein, A. Schmidt, S. Li, D. Abrams, H. Albataineh, S. Alsalmi, D. Androic, K. Aniol, W. Armstrong, J. Arrington, H. Atac, T. Averett, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, X. Bai, J. Bane, S. Barcus, A. Beck, V. Bellini, F. Benmokhtar, H. Bhatt, D. Bhetuwal, D. Biswas, D. Blyth , et al. (103 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the first measurement of the \eep three-body breakup reaction cross sections in helium-3 ($^3$He) and tritium ($^3$H) at large momentum transfer ($\langle Q^2 \rangle \approx 1.9$ (GeV/c)$^2$) and $x_B>1$ kinematics, where the cross section should be sensitive to quasielastic (QE) scattering from single nucleons. The data cover missing momenta $40 \le p_{miss} \le 500$ MeV/c that, in the… ▽ More We report the first measurement of the \eep three-body breakup reaction cross sections in helium-3 ($^3$He) and tritium ($^3$H) at large momentum transfer ($\langle Q^2 \rangle \approx 1.9$ (GeV/c)$^2$) and $x_B>1$ kinematics, where the cross section should be sensitive to quasielastic (QE) scattering from single nucleons. The data cover missing momenta $40 \le p_{miss} \le 500$ MeV/c that, in the QE limit with no rescattering, equals the initial momentum of the probed nucleon. The measured cross sections are compared with state-of-the-art ab-initio calculations. Overall good agreement, within $\pm20\%$, is observed between data and calculations for the full $p_{miss}$ range for $^3$H and for $100 \le p_{miss} \le 350$ MeV/c for $^3$He. Including the effects of rescattering of the outgoing nucleon improves agreement with the data at $p_{miss} > 250$ MeV/c and suggests contributions from charge-exchange (SCX) rescattering. The isoscalar sum of $^3$He plus $^3$H, which is largely insensitive to SCX, is described by calculations to within the accuracy of the data over the entire $p_{miss}$ range. This validates current models of the ground state of the three-nucleon system up to very high initial nucleon momenta of $500$ MeV/c. △ Less

Submitted 17 June, 2020; v1 submitted 20 January, 2020; originally announced January 2020.

Comments: Accepted for publication in PRL. 8 pages, 3 figures, and online supplementary materials

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 212501 (2020)

Spin determination from the in-plane angular correlation analysis for various coordinate systems

Authors: Biao Yang, Yan-Lin Ye, Jian-Ling Lou, Xiao-Fei Yang, Jing-Jing Li, Yang Liu, Wei Liu, HanZhou Yu

Abstract: In a reaction to excite the resonant state followed by the sequential cluster-decay, the in-plane angular correlation method is usually applied to determine the spin of the mother nucleus. However, the correlation pattern exhibited in a two-dimensional angular-correlation spectrum depends on the selected coordinate system. Particularly the parity-symmetric and the axial-symmetric processes should… ▽ More In a reaction to excite the resonant state followed by the sequential cluster-decay, the in-plane angular correlation method is usually applied to determine the spin of the mother nucleus. However, the correlation pattern exhibited in a two-dimensional angular-correlation spectrum depends on the selected coordinate system. Particularly the parity-symmetric and the axial-symmetric processes should be presented in a way to enhance the correlation pattern whereas the non-symmetric process should be plotted elsewhere in order to reduce the correlation background. In this article, three possible coordinate systems, which were previously adopted in the literature, are described and compared to each other. The consistency of these systems is evaluated based on the real experimental data analysis for the 10.29-MeV state in $^{18}$O. A spin-parity of 4$^+$ is obtained for all three coordinate systems. △ Less

Submitted 16 May, 2019; originally announced May 2019.

Comments: to be published in Chinese Physics C

Comparing proton momentum distributions in $A=2$ and 3 nuclei via $^2$H $^3$H and $^3$He $(e, e'p)$ measurements

Authors: R. Cruz-Torres, S. Li, F. Hauenstein, A. Schmidt, D. Nguyen, D. Abrams, H. Albataineh, S. Alsalmi, D. Androic, K. Aniol, W. Armstrong, J. Arrington, H. Atac, T. Averett, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, X. Bai, J. Bane, S. Barcus, A. Beck, V. Bellini, H. Bhatt, D. Bhetuwal, D. Biswas, D. Blyth, W. Boeglin , et al. (103 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the first measurement of the $(e,e'p)$ reaction cross-section ratios for Helium-3 ($^3$He), Tritium ($^3$H), and Deuterium ($d$). The measurement covered a missing momentum range of $40 \le p_{miss} \le 550$ MeV$/c$, at large momentum transfer ($\langle Q^2 \rangle \approx 1.9$ (GeV$/c$)$^2$) and $x_B>1$, which minimized contributions from non quasi-elastic (QE) reaction mechanisms. The… ▽ More We report the first measurement of the $(e,e'p)$ reaction cross-section ratios for Helium-3 ($^3$He), Tritium ($^3$H), and Deuterium ($d$). The measurement covered a missing momentum range of $40 \le p_{miss} \le 550$ MeV$/c$, at large momentum transfer ($\langle Q^2 \rangle \approx 1.9$ (GeV$/c$)$^2$) and $x_B>1$, which minimized contributions from non quasi-elastic (QE) reaction mechanisms. The data is compared with plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA) calculations using realistic spectral functions and momentum distributions. The measured and PWIA-calculated cross-section ratios for $^3$He$/d$ and $^3$H$/d$ extend to just above the typical nucleon Fermi-momentum ($k_F \approx 250$ MeV$/c$) and differ from each other by $\sim 20\%$, while for $^3$He/$^3$H they agree within the measurement accuracy of about 3\%. At momenta above $k_F$, the measured $^3$He/$^3$H ratios differ from the calculation by $20\% - 50\%$. Final state interaction (FSI) calculations using the generalized Eikonal Approximation indicate that FSI should change the $^3$He/$^3$H cross-section ratio for this measurement by less than 5\%. If these calculations are correct, then the differences at large missing momenta between the $^3$He/$^3$H experimental and calculated ratios could be due to the underlying $NN$ interaction, and thus could provide new constraints on the previously loosely-constrained short-distance parts of the $NN$ interaction. △ Less

Submitted 24 September, 2019; v1 submitted 17 February, 2019; originally announced February 2019.

Comments: 8 pages, 3 figures (4 panels)

Report number: JLAB-PHY-19-2893; LA-UR-18-31091

Journal ref: Physics Letters B 797 (2019) 134890

Effect of magnetic fields on pairs of oppositely charged particles in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions

Authors: Y. J. Ye, Y. G. Ma, A. H. Tang, G. Wang

Abstract: The initial strong magnetic field produced in high-energy nuclear collisions will distort the distribution of the relative angle between oppositely charged particles within a pair. In this paper, two experimental observables are examined to quantify such effects: one based on the framework for detecting the hyperon global polarization, and the other based on the balance function. We also discuss t… ▽ More The initial strong magnetic field produced in high-energy nuclear collisions will distort the distribution of the relative angle between oppositely charged particles within a pair. In this paper, two experimental observables are examined to quantify such effects: one based on the framework for detecting the hyperon global polarization, and the other based on the balance function. We also discuss the optimization of the signal, as well as the expected magnitude ranges for the two observables. △ Less

Submitted 1 April, 2019; v1 submitted 10 October, 2018; originally announced October 2018.

Comments: 7 pages, 9 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 99, 044901 (2019)

The cumulants of the baryon number from central Au+Au collision at $E_{lab}$= 1.23 GeV$/$nucleon reveal the nuclear mean-field potentials

Authors: Yunxiao Ye, Yongjia Wang, Jan Steinheimer, Yasushi Nara, Hao-jie Xu, Pengcheng Li, Dinghui Lu, Qingfeng Li, Horst Stoecker

Abstract: Fluctuations of the baryon number in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are a promising observable to explore the structure of the QCD phase diagram. The cumulant ratios in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies ($\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} < 7$ GeV) have not been studied to date. We investigate the effects of mean field potential and clustering on the cumulant ratios of baryon and proton number… ▽ More Fluctuations of the baryon number in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are a promising observable to explore the structure of the QCD phase diagram. The cumulant ratios in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies ($\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} < 7$ GeV) have not been studied to date. We investigate the effects of mean field potential and clustering on the cumulant ratios of baryon and proton number distributions in Au+Au collisions at beam energy of 1.23 GeV$/$nucleon as measured by the HADES Collaboration at GSI. Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) and the JAM model are used to calculate the cumulants with different mean field potentials. It is found that the cumulant ratios are strongly time dependent. At the early stage, the effects of the potentials on the fluctuations of the particle multiplicity in momentum space are relatively weak. The mean fields enhance the fluctuations during the expansion stage, especially for small rapidity acceptance windows. The enhancement of cumulant ratios for free protons is strongly suppressed as compared to that for all baryons. The mean field potentials and the clustering play an important role for the measured cumulant ratios at intermediate energy. △ Less

Submitted 20 August, 2018; originally announced August 2018.

Comments: 10 pages, 11 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 98, 054620 (2018)

A New Measurement of the Intruder Configuration in 12Be

Authors: J. Chen, J. L. Lou, Y. L. Ye, Z. H. Li, D. Y. Pang, C. X. Yuan, Y. C. Ge, Q. T. Li, H. Hua, D. X. Jiang, X. F. Yang, F. R. Xu, J. C. Pei, J. Li, W. Jiang, Y. L. Sun, H. L. Zang, Y. Zhang, N. Aoi, E. Ideguchi, H. J. Ong, J. Lee, J. Wu, H. N. Liu, C. Wen , et al. (6 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: A new $^{11}$Be($d,p$)$^{12}$Be transfer reaction experiment was carried out in inverse kinematics at 26.9$A$ MeV, with special efforts devoted to the determination of the deuteron target thickness and of the required optical potentials from the present elastic scattering data. In addition, a direct measurement of the cross sections for the 0$_2^+$ state was realized by applying an isomer-tagging… ▽ More A new $^{11}$Be($d,p$)$^{12}$Be transfer reaction experiment was carried out in inverse kinematics at 26.9$A$ MeV, with special efforts devoted to the determination of the deuteron target thickness and of the required optical potentials from the present elastic scattering data. In addition, a direct measurement of the cross sections for the 0$_2^+$ state was realized by applying an isomer-tagging technique. The s-wave spectroscopic factors of 0.20(0.04) and 0.41(0.11) were extracted for the 0$_1^+$ and 0$_2^+$ states, respectively, in $^{12}$Be. Using the ratio of these spectroscopic factors, together with the previously reported results for the p-wave components, the single-particle component intensities in the bound 0$^+$ states of $^{12}$Be were deduced, allowing a direct comparison with the theoretical predictions. It is evidenced that the ground-state configuration of $^{12}$Be is dominated by the d-wave intruder, exhibiting a dramatic evolution of the intruding mechanism from $^{11}$Be to $^{12}$Be, with a persistence of the $N = 8$ magic number broken. △ Less

Submitted 15 May, 2018; originally announced May 2018.

Journal ref: Physics Letters B 781, 412 (2018)

Investigation of the near-threshold cluster resonance in $^{14}\rm{C}$

Authors: Hong-Liang Zang, Yan-Lin Ye, Zhi-Huan Li, Jian-Song Wang, Jian-Ling Lou, Qi-Te Li, Yu-Cheng Ge, Xiao-Fei Yang, Jing Li, Wei Jiang, Jun Feng, Qiang Liu, Biao Yang, Zhi-Qiang Chen, Yang Liu, Hong-Yi Wu, Chen-Yang Niu, Chen-Guang Li, Chun-Guang Wang, Xiang Wang, Wei Liu, Jian Gao, Han-Zhou Yu, Jun-Bin Ma, Peng Ma , et al. (4 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: An experiment for $p(^{14}\rm{C}$,$^{14}\rm{C}^{*}\rightarrow^{10}\rm{Be}+α)\mathit{p}$ inelastic excitation and decay was performed in inverse kinematics at a beam energy of 25.3 MeV/u. A series of $^{14}\rm{C}$ excited states, including a new one at 18.3(1) MeV, were observed which decay to various states of the final nucleus of $^{10}\rm{Be}$. A specially designed telescope-system, installed ar… ▽ More An experiment for $p(^{14}\rm{C}$,$^{14}\rm{C}^{*}\rightarrow^{10}\rm{Be}+α)\mathit{p}$ inelastic excitation and decay was performed in inverse kinematics at a beam energy of 25.3 MeV/u. A series of $^{14}\rm{C}$ excited states, including a new one at 18.3(1) MeV, were observed which decay to various states of the final nucleus of $^{10}\rm{Be}$. A specially designed telescope-system, installed around the zero degree, played an essential role in detecting the resonant states near the $α$-separation threshold. A state at 14.1(1) MeV is clearly identified, being consistent with the predicted band-head of the molecular rotational band characterized by the $π$-bond linear-chain-configuration. Further clarification of the properties of this exotic state is suggested by using appropriate reaction tools. △ Less

Submitted 28 April, 2018; originally announced April 2018.

Comments: 4 figures, 1 table. Accepted by Chinese Physics C

$Ω$ and $φ$ in Au + Au ~collisions at \srt~= 200 and 11.5 GeV from a multiphase transport model

Authors: Y. J. Ye, J. H. Chen, Y. G. Ma, S. Zhang, C. Zhong

Abstract: Within the framework of a multiphase transport model, we study the production and properties of $Ω$ and $φ$ in Au + Au collisions with a new set of parameters for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV and with the original set of parameters for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 11.5 GeV, respectively. The AMPT model with the string melting version provides a reasonable description at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV and while the A… ▽ More Within the framework of a multiphase transport model, we study the production and properties of $Ω$ and $φ$ in Au + Au collisions with a new set of parameters for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV and with the original set of parameters for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 11.5 GeV, respectively. The AMPT model with the string melting version provides a reasonable description at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV and while the AMPT model with default version describes the data well at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 11.5 GeV. It indicates that the system created at top RHIC energy is dominated by partonic interaction and while the hadronic interaction becomes important at lower beam energy, such as $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 11.5 GeV. The comparison of $N(Ω^++Ω^-)/[2N(φ)]$ ratio between data and calculations further supports the argument. Our calculations can generally describe the data of nuclear modification factor as well as elliptic flow. △ Less

Submitted 2 June, 2017; originally announced June 2017.

Comments: 7 pages, 6 figures; Chinese Physics C (in press)

Selective decay from a candidate of the $σ$-bond linear-chain state in $^{14}$C

Authors: J. Li, Y. L. Ye, Z. H. Li, C. J. Lin, Q. T. Li, Y. C. Ge, J. L. Lou, Z. Y. Tian, W. Jiang, Z. H. Yang, J. Feng, P. J. Li, J. Chen, Q. Liu, H. L. Zang, B. Yang, Y. Zhang, Z. Q. Chen, Y. Liu, X. H. Sun, J. Ma, H. M. Jia, X. X. Xu, L. Yang, N. R. Ma , et al. (1 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: A cluster-transfer experiment $^9$Be($^9$Be,$^{14}$C$^*\rightarrowα$+$^{10}$Be)$α$ was carried out using an incident beam energy of 45 MeV. This reaction channel has a large $Q$-value that favors populating the high-lying states in $^{14}$C and separating various reaction channels. A number of resonant states are reconstructed from the forward emitting $^{10}$Be + $α$ fragments with respect to thr… ▽ More A cluster-transfer experiment $^9$Be($^9$Be,$^{14}$C$^*\rightarrowα$+$^{10}$Be)$α$ was carried out using an incident beam energy of 45 MeV. This reaction channel has a large $Q$-value that favors populating the high-lying states in $^{14}$C and separating various reaction channels. A number of resonant states are reconstructed from the forward emitting $^{10}$Be + $α$ fragments with respect to three sets of well discriminated final states in $^{10}$Be, most of which agree with the previous observations. A state at 22.5(1) MeV in $^{14}$C is found to decay predominantly into the states around 6 MeV in $^{10}$Be daughter nucleus, in line with the unique property of the predicted band head of the $σ$-bond linear-chain molecular states. A new state at 23.5(1) MeV is identified which decays strongly into the first excited state of $^{10}$Be. △ Less

Submitted 2 February, 2017; originally announced February 2017.

Comments: 6 pages, 4 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 95, 021303 (2017)

First measurement of unpolarized SIDIS cross section and cross section ratios from a $^3$He target

Authors: X. Yan, K. Allada, K. Aniol, J. R. M. Annand, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, P. C. Bradshaw, P. Bosted, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G. D. Cates, C. Chen, J. -P. Chen, W. Chen, K. Chirapatpimol, E. Chudakov, E. Cisbani, J. C. Cornejo, F. Cusanno, M. M. Dalton, W. Deconinck, C. W. de Jager, R. De Leo, X. Deng , et al. (93 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The unpolarized semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) differential cross sections in $^3$He($e,e^{\prime}π^{\pm}$)$X$ have been measured for the first time in Jefferson Lab experiment E06-010 performed with a $5.9\,$GeV $e^-$ beam on a $^3$He target. The experiment focuses on the valence quark region, covering a kinematic range $0.12 < x_{bj} < 0.45$,… ▽ More The unpolarized semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) differential cross sections in $^3$He($e,e^{\prime}π^{\pm}$)$X$ have been measured for the first time in Jefferson Lab experiment E06-010 performed with a $5.9\,$GeV $e^-$ beam on a $^3$He target. The experiment focuses on the valence quark region, covering a kinematic range $0.12 < x_{bj} < 0.45$, $1 < Q^2 < 4 \, \textrm{(GeV/c)}^2$, $0.45 < z_{h} < 0.65$, and $0.05 < P_t < 0.55 \, \textrm{GeV/c}$. The extracted SIDIS differential cross sections of $π^{\pm}$ production are compared with existing phenomenological models while the $^3$He nucleus approximated as two protons and one neutron in a plane wave picture, in multi-dimensional bins. Within the experimental uncertainties, the azimuthal modulations of the cross sections are found to be consistent with zero. △ Less

Submitted 15 November, 2016; v1 submitted 7 October, 2016; originally announced October 2016.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 95, 035209 (2017)

Cluster Decay of the High-lying excited states in $^{14}$C

Authors: Z. Y. Tian, Y. L. Ye, Z. H. Li, C. J. Lin, Q. T. Li, Y. C. Ge, J. L. Lou, W. Jiang, J. Li, Z. H. Yang, J. Feng, P. J. Li, J. Chen, Q. Liu, H. L. Zang, B. Yang, Y. Zhang, Z. Q. Chen, Y. Liu, X. H. Sun, J. Ma, H. M. Jia, X. X. Xu, L. Yang, N. R. Ma , et al. (1 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: A cluster-transfer experiment of $^9\rm{Be}(^9\rm{Be},^{14}\rm{C}\rightarrowα+^{10}\rm{Be})α$ at an incident energy of 45 MeV was carried out in order to investigate the molecular structure in high-lying resonant states in $^{14}$C. This reaction is of extremely large $Q$-value, making it an excellent case to select the reaction mechanism and the final states in outgoing nuclei. The high-lying res… ▽ More A cluster-transfer experiment of $^9\rm{Be}(^9\rm{Be},^{14}\rm{C}\rightarrowα+^{10}\rm{Be})α$ at an incident energy of 45 MeV was carried out in order to investigate the molecular structure in high-lying resonant states in $^{14}$C. This reaction is of extremely large $Q$-value, making it an excellent case to select the reaction mechanism and the final states in outgoing nuclei. The high-lying resonances in $^{14}$C are reconstructed for three sets of well discriminated final states in $^{10}$Be. The results confirm the previous decay measurements with clearly improved decay-channel selections and show also a new state at 23.5(1) MeV. The resonant states at 22.4(3) and 24.0(3) MeV decay primarily into the typical molecular states at about 6 MeV in $^{10}$Be, indicating a well developed cluster structure in these high-lying states in $^{14}$C. Further measurements of more states of this kind are suggested. △ Less

Submitted 1 July, 2016; originally announced July 2016.

Comments: To be published in Chinese Physics C; 4 pages, 3 figures

$φ$-meson production at forward/backward rapidity in high-energy nuclear collisions from a multiphase transport model

Authors: Y. J. Ye, J. H. Chen, Y. G. Ma, S. Zhang, C. Zhong

Abstract: Within the framework of a multiphase transport model (AMPT), the $φ$-meson production is studied in d+Au collisions at \srt = {200} GeV in the forward (d-going, $1.2<y<2.2$) and backward (Au-going, $-2.2<y<-1.2$) direction. The AMPT model with string melting version (parton cascade turning-on) describes the experimental data well, while the pure hadronic transport scenario of the AMPT model undere… ▽ More Within the framework of a multiphase transport model (AMPT), the $φ$-meson production is studied in d+Au collisions at \srt = {200} GeV in the forward (d-going, $1.2<y<2.2$) and backward (Au-going, $-2.2<y<-1.2$) direction. The AMPT model with string melting version (parton cascade turning-on) describes the experimental data well, while the pure hadronic transport scenario of the AMPT model underestimates the $φ$-meson production rate in comparison with the data. Detailed investigations including the rapidity, transverse momentum and collision system size dependencies of $φ$-meson nuclear modification factor indicate that a combination of the initial state effect and a follow-up parton cascade is required in the AMPT model to describe the data. Similar calculations are also present in p+Pb collisions at \srt = {5.02} TeV and p+p collisions at \srt = {2.76} TeV. The findings from a comparison of AMPT model study with the data are consistent with that at RHIC energy. △ Less

Submitted 14 April, 2016; originally announced April 2016.

Comments: 5 pages, 5 figures

Journal ref: Physical Review C 93, 044904 (2016)

Measurements of $d_{2}^{n}$ and $A_{1}^{n}$: Probing the neutron spin structure

Authors: D. Flay, M. Posik, D. S. Parno, K. Allada, W. Armstrong, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G. D. Cates, C. Chen, J. -P. Chen, S. Choi, E. Chudakov, F. Cusanno, M. M. Dalton, W. Deconinck, C. W. de Jager, X. Deng, A. Deur, C. Dutta, L. El Fassi, G. B. Franklin, M. Friend , et al. (66 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report on the results of the E06-014 experiment performed at Jefferson Lab in Hall A, where a precision measurement of the twist-3 matrix element $d_2$ of the neutron ($d_{2}^{n}$) was conducted. This quantity represents the average color Lorentz force a struck quark experiences in a deep inelastic electron scattering event off a neutron due to its interaction with the hadronizing remnants. Thi… ▽ More We report on the results of the E06-014 experiment performed at Jefferson Lab in Hall A, where a precision measurement of the twist-3 matrix element $d_2$ of the neutron ($d_{2}^{n}$) was conducted. This quantity represents the average color Lorentz force a struck quark experiences in a deep inelastic electron scattering event off a neutron due to its interaction with the hadronizing remnants. This color force was determined from a linear combination of the third moments of the spin structure functions $g_1$ and $g_2$ on $^{3}$He after nuclear corrections had been applied to these moments. The kinematics included two average $Q^{2}$ bins of $3.2$ GeV$^{2}$ and $4.3$ GeV$^{2}$, and Bjorken-$x$ $0.25 \leq x \leq 0.90$ covering the DIS and resonance regions. We found $d_2^n$ to be small and negative for $<Q^{2}> = 3.2$ GeV$^{2}$, and smaller for $<Q^{2}> = 4.3$ GeV$^{2}$, consistent with a lattice QCD calculation. The twist-4 matrix element $f_{2}^{n}$ was extracted by combining our $d_{2}^{n}$ with the world data on $Γ_{1}^{n} = \int_{0}^{1} g_{1}^{n} dx$. We found $f_{2}^{n}$ to be roughly an order of magnitude larger than $d_{2}^{n}$. Utilizing the extracted $d_{2}^{n}$ and $f_{2}^{n}$ data, we separated the color force into its electric and magnetic components, $F_{E}^{y,n}$ and $F_{B}^{y,n}$, and found them to be equal and opposite in magnitude, in agreement with instanton model predictions but not with those from QCD sum rules. Additionally, we have extracted the neutron virtual photon-nucleon asymmetry $A_{1}^{n}$, the structure function ratio $g_{1}^{n}/F_{1}^{n}$, and the quark ratios $(Δu + Δ\bar{u})/(u + \bar{u})$ and $(Δd + Δ\bar{d})/(d + \bar{d})$. These results were found to be consistent with DIS world data and with the prediction of the constituent quark model but at odds with those of perturbative QCD at large $x$. △ Less

Submitted 27 June, 2016; v1 submitted 11 March, 2016; originally announced March 2016.

Comments: 55 Pages, 45 figures, 48 tables. 15 supplemental files. Grammatical and typo fixes. Revised some model descriptions and updated analyses for f_2^n and color forces

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 94, 052003 (2016)

Measurement of the Target-Normal Single-Spin Asymmetry in Quasi-Elastic Scattering from the Reaction $^3$He$^\uparrow(e,e^\prime)$

Authors: Y. -W. Zhang, E. Long, M. Mihovilovič, G. Jin, K. Allada, B. Anderson, J. R. M. Annand, T. Averett, W. Boeglin, P. Bradshaw, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G. D. Cates, C. Chen, J. P. Chen, E. Chudakov, R. De Leo, X. Deng, A. Deur, C. Dutta, L. El Fassi, D. Flay, S. Frullani, F. Garibaldi, H. Gao , et al. (67 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the first measurement of the target single-spin asymmetry, $A_y$, in quasi-elastic scattering from the inclusive reaction $^3$He$^{\uparrow}(e,e^\prime)$ on a $^3$He gas target polarized normal to the lepton scattering plane. Assuming time-reversal invariance, this asymmetry is strictly zero for one-photon exchange. A non-zero $A_y$ can arise from the interference between the one- and tw… ▽ More We report the first measurement of the target single-spin asymmetry, $A_y$, in quasi-elastic scattering from the inclusive reaction $^3$He$^{\uparrow}(e,e^\prime)$ on a $^3$He gas target polarized normal to the lepton scattering plane. Assuming time-reversal invariance, this asymmetry is strictly zero for one-photon exchange. A non-zero $A_y$ can arise from the interference between the one- and two-photon exchange processes which is sensitive to the details of the sub-structure of the nucleon. An experiment recently completed at Jefferson Lab yielded asymmetries with high statistical precision at $Q^{2}=$ 0.13, 0.46 and 0.97 GeV$^{2}$. These measurements demonstrate, for the first time, that the $^3$He asymmetry is clearly non-zero and negative with a statistical significance of (8-10)$σ$. Using measured proton-to-$^{3}$He cross-section ratios and the effective polarization approximation, neutron asymmetries of $-$(1-3)% were obtained. The neutron asymmetry at high $Q^2$ is related to moments of the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs). Our measured neutron asymmetry at $Q^2=0.97$ GeV$^2$ agrees well with a prediction based on two-photon exchange using a GPD model and thus provides a new, independent constraint on these distributions. △ Less

Submitted 9 February, 2015; originally announced February 2015.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 172502 (2015)

Double Spin Asymmetries of Inclusive Hadron Electroproductions from a Transversely Polarized $^3\rm{He}$ Target

Authors: The Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, Y. X. Zhao, K. Allada, K. Aniol, J. R. M. Annand, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, P. C. Bradshaw, P. Bosted, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G. D. Cates, C. Chen, J. -P. Chen, W. Chen, K. Chirapatpimol, E. Chudakov, E. Cisbani, J. C. Cornejo, F. Cusanno, M. Dalton, W. Deconinck, C. W. de Jager, R. De Leo , et al. (92 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the measurement of beam-target double-spin asymmetries ($A_\text{LT}$) in the inclusive production of identified hadrons, $\vec{e}~$+$~^3\text{He}^{\uparrow}\rightarrow h+X$, using a longitudinally polarized 5.9 GeV electron beam and a transversely polarized $^3\rm{He}$ target. Hadrons ($π^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$ and proton) were detected at 16$^{\circ}$ with an average momentum $<$$P_h$$>$=2.… ▽ More We report the measurement of beam-target double-spin asymmetries ($A_\text{LT}$) in the inclusive production of identified hadrons, $\vec{e}~$+$~^3\text{He}^{\uparrow}\rightarrow h+X$, using a longitudinally polarized 5.9 GeV electron beam and a transversely polarized $^3\rm{He}$ target. Hadrons ($π^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$ and proton) were detected at 16$^{\circ}$ with an average momentum $<$$P_h$$>$=2.35 GeV/c and a transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) coverage from 0.60 to 0.68 GeV/c. Asymmetries from the $^3\text{He}$ target were observed to be non-zero for $π^{\pm}$ production when the target was polarized transversely in the horizontal plane. The $π^{+}$ and $π^{-}$ asymmetries have opposite signs, analogous to the behavior of $A_\text{LT}$ in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. △ Less

Submitted 14 July, 2015; v1 submitted 4 February, 2015; originally announced February 2015.

Comments: Published in PRC (92.015207), nuclear experiment, high-energy experiment

Journal ref: PhysRevC.92.015207,2015

Precision Measurements of $A_1^n$ in the Deep Inelastic Regime

Authors: D. S. Parno, D. Flay, M. Posik, K. Allada, W. Armstrong, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G. D. Cates, C. Chen, J. -P. Chen, S. Choi, E. Chudakov, F. Cusanno, M. M. Dalton, W. Deconinck, C. W. de Jager, X. Deng, A. Deur, C. Dutta, L. El Fassi, G. B. Franklin, M. Friend , et al. (67 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We have performed precision measurements of the double-spin virtual-photon asymmetry $A_1$ on the neutron in the deep inelastic scattering regime, using an open-geometry, large-acceptance spectrometer. Our data cover a wide kinematic range $0.277 \leq x \leq 0.548$ at an average $Q^2$ value of 3.078~(GeV/c)$^2$, doubling the available high-precision neutron data in this $x$ range. We have combined… ▽ More We have performed precision measurements of the double-spin virtual-photon asymmetry $A_1$ on the neutron in the deep inelastic scattering regime, using an open-geometry, large-acceptance spectrometer. Our data cover a wide kinematic range $0.277 \leq x \leq 0.548$ at an average $Q^2$ value of 3.078~(GeV/c)$^2$, doubling the available high-precision neutron data in this $x$ range. We have combined our results with world data on proton targets to extract the ratio of polarized-to-unpolarized parton distribution functions for up quarks and for down quarks in the same kinematic range. Our data are consistent with a previous observation of an $A_1^n$ zero crossing near $x=0.5$. We find no evidence of a transition to a positive slope in $(Δd + Δ\bar{d})/(d + \bar{d})$ up to $x=0.548$. △ Less

Submitted 1 August, 2019; v1 submitted 4 June, 2014; originally announced June 2014.

Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables. Two typos corrected in Table 3

Single Spin Asymmetries in Charged Kaon Production from Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering on a Transversely Polarized $^3{\rm{He}}$ Target

Authors: Y. X. Zhao, Y. Wang, K. Allada, K. Aniol, J. R. M. Annand, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, P. C. Bradshaw, P. Bosted, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G. D. Cates, C. Chen, J. -P. Chen, W. Chen, K. Chirapatpimol, E. Chudakov, E. Cisbani, J. C. Cornejo, F. Cusanno, M. M. Dalton, W. Deconinck, C. W. de Jager, R. De Leo , et al. (91 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the first measurement of target single spin asymmetries of charged kaons produced in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of electrons off a transversely polarized $^3{\rm{He}}$ target. Both the Collins and Sivers moments, which are related to the nucleon transversity and Sivers distributions, respectively, are extracted over the kinematic range of 0.1$<$$x_{bj}$$<$0.4 for $K^{+}$ an… ▽ More We report the first measurement of target single spin asymmetries of charged kaons produced in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of electrons off a transversely polarized $^3{\rm{He}}$ target. Both the Collins and Sivers moments, which are related to the nucleon transversity and Sivers distributions, respectively, are extracted over the kinematic range of 0.1$<$$x_{bj}$$<$0.4 for $K^{+}$ and $K^{-}$ production. While the Collins and Sivers moments for $K^{+}$ are consistent with zero within the experimental uncertainties, both moments for $K^{-}$ favor negative values. The Sivers moments are compared to the theoretical prediction from a phenomenological fit to the world data. While the $K^{+}$ Sivers moments are consistent with the prediction, the $K^{-}$ results differ from the prediction at the 2-sigma level. △ Less

Submitted 28 April, 2014; originally announced April 2014.

Comments: 6 pages, 3 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C.90.055201, 2014

A Precision Measurement of the Neutron Twist-3 Matrix Element $d_2^n$: Probing Color Forces

Authors: M. Posik, D. Flay, D. S. Parno, K. Allada, W. Armstrong, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G. D. Cates, C. Chen, J. -P. Chen, S. Choi, E. Chudakov, F. Cusanno, M. M. Dalton, W. Deconinck, C. W. de Jager, X. Deng, A. Deur, C. Dutta, L. El Fassi, G. B. Franklin, M. Friend , et al. (67 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Double-spin asymmetries and absolute cross sections were measured at large Bjorken $x$ (0.25 $ \le x \le $ 0.90), in both the deep-inelastic and resonance regions, by scattering longitudinally polarized electrons at beam energies of 4.7 and 5.9 GeV from a transversely and longitudinally polarized $^3$He target. In this dedicated experiment, the spin structure function $g_2$ on $^3$He was determine… ▽ More Double-spin asymmetries and absolute cross sections were measured at large Bjorken $x$ (0.25 $ \le x \le $ 0.90), in both the deep-inelastic and resonance regions, by scattering longitudinally polarized electrons at beam energies of 4.7 and 5.9 GeV from a transversely and longitudinally polarized $^3$He target. In this dedicated experiment, the spin structure function $g_2$ on $^3$He was determined with precision at large $x$, and the neutron twist-three matrix element $d_2^n$ was measured at $\left< Q^2\right>$ of 3.21 and 4.32 GeV$^2$/$c^2$, with an absolute precision of about $10^{-5}$. Our results are found to be in agreement with lattice QCD calculations and resolve the disagreement found with previous data at $\left< Q^2\right> =$ 5 GeV$^2$/$c^2$. Combining $d_2^n$ and a newly extracted twist-four matrix element, $f_2^n$, the average neutron color electric and magnetic forces were extracted and found to be of opposite sign and about 30 MeV/fm in magnitude. △ Less

Submitted 3 July, 2014; v1 submitted 15 April, 2014; originally announced April 2014.

Comments: Corrected a typo in the author list and Figure 1 legend. 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables

Measurement of pretzelosity asymmetry of charged pion production in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering on a polarized $^3$He target

Authors: Y. Zhang, X. Qian, K. Allada, C. Dutta, J. Huang, J. Katich, Y. Wang, K. Aniol, J. R. M. Annand, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, P. C. Bradshaw, P. Bosted, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G. D. Cates, C. Chen, J. -P. Chen, W. Chen, K. Chirapatpimol, E. Chudakov, E. Cisbani, J. C. Cornejo, F. Cusanno , et al. (90 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: An experiment to measure single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive production of charged pions in deep-inelastic scattering on a transversely polarized $^3$He target was performed at Jefferson Lab in the kinematic region of $0.16<x<0.35$ and $1.4<Q^2<2.7$ ${\rm GeV^2}$. The pretzelosity asymmetries on $^3$He, which can be expressed as the convolution of the $h^\perp_{1T}$ transverse momentum depen… ▽ More An experiment to measure single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive production of charged pions in deep-inelastic scattering on a transversely polarized $^3$He target was performed at Jefferson Lab in the kinematic region of $0.16<x<0.35$ and $1.4<Q^2<2.7$ ${\rm GeV^2}$. The pretzelosity asymmetries on $^3$He, which can be expressed as the convolution of the $h^\perp_{1T}$ transverse momentum dependent distribution functions and the Collins fragmentation functions in the leading order, were measured for the first time. Using the effective polarization approximation, we extracted the corresponding neutron asymmetries from the measured $^3$He asymmetries and cross-section ratios between the proton and $^3$He. Our results show that for both $π^{\pm}$ on $^3$He and on the neutron the pretzelosity asymmetries are consistent with zero within experimental uncertainties. △ Less

Submitted 15 December, 2013; v1 submitted 11 December, 2013; originally announced December 2013.

Comments: 6 pages, 3 figures; enlarged the legends in Fig.3; added 3 citations

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 90, 055209 (2014)

Single Spin Asymmetries of Inclusive Hadrons Produced in Electron Scattering from a Transversely Polarized $^3$He Target

Authors: K. Allada, Y. X. Zhao, K. Aniol, J. R. M. Annand, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, P. C. Bradshaw, P. Bosted, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G. D. Cates, C. Chen, J. -P. Chen, W. Chen, K. Chirapatpimol, E. Chudakov, E. Cisbani, J. C. Cornejo, F. Cusanno, M. Dalton, W. Deconinck, C. W. de Jager, R. De Leo, X. Deng , et al. (91 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the first measurement of target single-spin asymmetries (A$_N$) in the inclusive hadron production reaction, $e~$+$~^3\text{He}^{\uparrow}\rightarrow h+X$, using a transversely polarized $^3$He target. The experiment was conducted at Jefferson Lab in Hall A using a 5.9-GeV electron beam. Three types of hadrons ($π^{\pm}$, $\text{K}^{\pm}$ and proton) were detected in the transverse hadro… ▽ More We report the first measurement of target single-spin asymmetries (A$_N$) in the inclusive hadron production reaction, $e~$+$~^3\text{He}^{\uparrow}\rightarrow h+X$, using a transversely polarized $^3$He target. The experiment was conducted at Jefferson Lab in Hall A using a 5.9-GeV electron beam. Three types of hadrons ($π^{\pm}$, $\text{K}^{\pm}$ and proton) were detected in the transverse hadron momentum range 0.54 $<p_T<$ 0.74 GeV/c. The range of $x_F$ for pions was -0.29 $<x_F<$ -0.23 and for kaons -0.25 $<x_F<$-0.18. The observed asymmetry strongly depends on the type of hadron. A positive asymmetry is observed for $π^+$ and $\text{K}^+$. A negative asymmetry is observed for $π^{-}$. The magnitudes of the asymmetries follow $|A^{π^-}| < |A^{π^+}| < |A^{K^+}|$. The K$^{-}$ and proton asymmetries are consistent with zero within the experimental uncertainties. The $π^{+}$ and $π^{-}$ asymmetries measured for the $^3$He target and extracted for neutrons are opposite in sign with a small increase observed as a function of $p_T$. △ Less

Submitted 18 March, 2014; v1 submitted 7 November, 2013; originally announced November 2013.

Comments: Updated version, submitted to Phys. Rev. C

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 89, 042201(R), 2014

Measurement of the Target-Normal Single-Spin Asymmetry in Deep-Inelastic Scattering from the Reaction $^{3}\mathrm{He}^{\uparrow}(e,e')X$

Authors: J. Katich, X. Qian, Y. X. Zhao, K. Allada, K. Aniol, J. R. M. Annand, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, P. C. Bradshaw, P. Bosted, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G. D. Cates, C. Chen, J. -P. Chen, W. Chen, K. Chirapatpimol, E. Chudakov, E. Cisbani, J. C. Cornejo, F. Cusanno, M. M. Dalton, W. Deconinck, C. W. de Jager , et al. (91 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the first measurement of the target-normal single-spin asymmetry in deep-inelastic scattering from the inclusive reaction $^3$He$^{\uparrow}\left(e,e' \right)X$ on a polarized $^3$He gas target. Assuming time-reversal invariance, this asymmetry is strictly zero in the Born approximation but can be non-zero if two-photon-exchange contributions are included. The experiment, conducted at Je… ▽ More We report the first measurement of the target-normal single-spin asymmetry in deep-inelastic scattering from the inclusive reaction $^3$He$^{\uparrow}\left(e,e' \right)X$ on a polarized $^3$He gas target. Assuming time-reversal invariance, this asymmetry is strictly zero in the Born approximation but can be non-zero if two-photon-exchange contributions are included. The experiment, conducted at Jefferson Lab using a 5.89 GeV electron beam, covers a range of $1.7 < W < 2.9$ GeV, $1.0<Q^2<4.0$ GeV$^2$ and $0.16<x<0.65$. Neutron asymmetries were extracted using the effective nucleon polarization and measured proton-to-$^3$He cross section ratios. The measured neutron asymmetries are negative with an average value of $(-1.09 \pm 0.38) \times10^{-2}$ for invariant mass $W>2$ GeV, which is non-zero at the $2.89σ$ level. Our measured asymmetry agrees both in sign and magnitude with a two-photon-exchange model prediction that uses input from the Sivers transverse momentum distribution obtained from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. △ Less

Submitted 4 August, 2014; v1 submitted 1 November, 2013; originally announced November 2013.

Comments: This is the final edited version as published in PRL

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 022502 (2014)

Neutron-hole states in 45Ar from p(46Ar,d)45Ar reactions

Authors: F. Lu, Jenny Lee, M. B. Tsang, D. Bazin, D. Coupland, V. Henzl, D. Henzlova, M. Kilburn, W. G. Lynch, A. M. Rogers, A. Sanetullaev, Z. Y. Sun, M. Youngs, R. J. Charity, L. G. Sobotka, M. Famiano, S. Hudan, M. Horoi, Y. L. Ye

Abstract: To improve the effective interactions in the pf shell, it is important to measure the single particle- and hole- states near the N=28 shell gap. In this paper, the neutron spectroscopic factors of hole-states from the unstable neutron-rich 45Ar (Z=18, N=27) nucleus have been studied using 1H(46Ar, 2H)45Ar transfer reaction in inverse kinematics. Comparison of our results with the particle-states o… ▽ More To improve the effective interactions in the pf shell, it is important to measure the single particle- and hole- states near the N=28 shell gap. In this paper, the neutron spectroscopic factors of hole-states from the unstable neutron-rich 45Ar (Z=18, N=27) nucleus have been studied using 1H(46Ar, 2H)45Ar transfer reaction in inverse kinematics. Comparison of our results with the particle-states of 45Ar produced in 2H(44Ar, H)45Ar reaction shows that the two reactions populate states with different angular momentum. Using the angular distributions, we are able to confirm the spin assignments of four low-lying states of 45Ar. These are the ground state (f7/2), the first-excited (p3/2), the s1/2 and the d3/2 states. While large basis shell model predictions describe spectroscopic properties of the ground and p3/2 states very well, they fail to describe the s1/2 and d3/2 hole-states. △ Less

Submitted 16 August, 2013; originally announced August 2013.

Comments: Accepted for publication in PRC

Collectivity evolution in the neutron-rich Pd isotopes towards the N=82 shell closure

Authors: H. Wang, N. Aoi, S. Takeuchi, M. Matsushita, P. Doornenbal, T. Motobayashi, D. Steppenbeck, K. Yoneda, H. Baba, L. Caceres, Zs. Dombradi, K. Kobayashi, Y. Kondo, J. Lee, K. Li, H. Liu, R. Minakata, D. Nishimura, H. Otsu, S. Sakaguchi, H. Sakurai, H. Scheit, D. Sohler, Y. Sun, Z. Tian , et al. (7 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The neutron-rich, even-even 122,124,126Pd isotopes has been studied via in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. Excited states at 499(9), 590(11), and 686(17) keV were found in the three isotopes, which we assign to the respective 2+ -> 0+ decays. In addition, a candidate for the 4+ state at 1164(20) keV was observed in 122Pd. The resulting Ex(2+) systematics… ▽ More The neutron-rich, even-even 122,124,126Pd isotopes has been studied via in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. Excited states at 499(9), 590(11), and 686(17) keV were found in the three isotopes, which we assign to the respective 2+ -> 0+ decays. In addition, a candidate for the 4+ state at 1164(20) keV was observed in 122Pd. The resulting Ex(2+) systematics are essentially similar to those of the Xe (Z=54) isotopic chain and theoretical prediction by IBM-2, suggesting no serious shell quenching in the Pd isotopes in the vicinity of N=82. △ Less

Submitted 19 June, 2013; originally announced June 2013.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 88, 054318 (2013)

New Measurements of the Transverse Beam Asymmetry for Elastic Electron Scattering from Selected Nuclei

Authors: The HAPPEX, PREX Collaborations, :, S. Abrahamyan, A. Acha, A. Afanasev, Z. Ahmed, H. Albataineh, K. Aniol, D. S. Armstrong, W. Armstrong, J. Arrington, T. Averett, B. Babineau, S. L. Bailey, J. Barber, A. Barbieri, A. Beck, V. Bellini, R. Beminiwattha, H. Benaoum, J. Benesch, F. Benmokhtar, P. Bertin, T. Bielarski , et al. (173 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry $A_n$ in the elastic scattering of 1-3 GeV transversely polarized electrons from $^1$H and for the first time from $^4$He, $^{12}$C, and $^{208}$Pb. For $^1$H, $^4$He and $^{12}$C, the measurements are in agreement with calculations that relate $A_n$ to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude including inelastic intermediate st… ▽ More We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry $A_n$ in the elastic scattering of 1-3 GeV transversely polarized electrons from $^1$H and for the first time from $^4$He, $^{12}$C, and $^{208}$Pb. For $^1$H, $^4$He and $^{12}$C, the measurements are in agreement with calculations that relate $A_n$ to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude including inelastic intermediate states. Surprisingly, the $^{208}$Pb result is significantly smaller than the corresponding prediction using the same formalism. These results suggest that a systematic set of new $A_n$ measurements might emerge as a new and sensitive probe of the structure of heavy nuclei. △ Less

Submitted 12 October, 2012; v1 submitted 30 August, 2012; originally announced August 2012.

Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted by PRL. v3: fixed one author name and affiliation, otherwise no change

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, (2012) 192501

Measurement of the Neutron Radius of 208Pb Through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering

Authors: S. Abrahamyan, Z. Ahmed, H. Albataineh, K. Aniol, D. S. Armstrong, W. Armstrong, T. Averett, B. Babineau, A. Barbieri, V. Bellini, R. Beminiwattha, J. Benesch, F. Benmokhtar, T. Bielarski, W. Boeglin, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, P. Carter, G. D. Cates, C. Chen, J. -P. Chen, O. Hen, F. Cusanno, M. M. Dalton, R. De Leo , et al. (110 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the first measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry A_PV in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from 208Pb. A_PV is sensitive to the radius of the neutron distribution (Rn). The result A_PV = 0.656 \pm 0.060 (stat) \pm 0.014 (syst) ppm corresponds to a difference between the radii of the neutron and proton distributions Rn - Rp = 0.33 +0.16 -0.18 fm and provides the first e… ▽ More We report the first measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry A_PV in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from 208Pb. A_PV is sensitive to the radius of the neutron distribution (Rn). The result A_PV = 0.656 \pm 0.060 (stat) \pm 0.014 (syst) ppm corresponds to a difference between the radii of the neutron and proton distributions Rn - Rp = 0.33 +0.16 -0.18 fm and provides the first electroweak observation of the neutron skin which is expected in a heavy, neutron-rich nucleus. △ Less

Submitted 13 January, 2012; v1 submitted 12 January, 2012; originally announced January 2012.

Comments: 6 pages, 1 figure

Report number: JLAB-PHY-12-1480

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 112502 (2012)

Beam-Target Double Spin Asymmetry A_LT in Charged Pion Production from Deep Inelastic Scattering on a Transversely Polarized He-3 Target at 1.4<Q^2<2.7 GeV^2

Authors: J. Huang, K. Allada, C. Dutta, J. Katich, X. Qian, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, K. Aniol, J. R. M. Annand, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, P. C. Bradshaw, P. Bosted, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G. D. Cates, C. Chen, J. -P. Chen, W. Chen, K. Chirapatpimol, E. Chudakov, E. Cisbani, J. C. Cornejo, F. Cusanno , et al. (90 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the first measurement of the double-spin asymmetry $A_{LT}$ for charged pion electroproduction in semi\nobreakdash-inclusive deep\nobreakdash-inelastic electron scattering on a transversely polarized $^{3}$He target. The kinematics focused on the valence quark region, $0.16<x<0.35$ with $1.4<Q^{2}<2.7\,\textrm{GeV}^{2}$. The corresponding neutron $A_{LT}$ asymmetries were extracted from… ▽ More We report the first measurement of the double-spin asymmetry $A_{LT}$ for charged pion electroproduction in semi\nobreakdash-inclusive deep\nobreakdash-inelastic electron scattering on a transversely polarized $^{3}$He target. The kinematics focused on the valence quark region, $0.16<x<0.35$ with $1.4<Q^{2}<2.7\,\textrm{GeV}^{2}$. The corresponding neutron $A_{LT}$ asymmetries were extracted from the measured $^{3}$He asymmetries and proton over $^{3}$He cross section ratios using the effective polarization approximation. These new data probe the transverse momentum dependent parton distribution function $g_{1T}^{q}$ and therefore provide access to quark spin-orbit correlations. Our results indicate a positive azimuthal asymmetry for $π^{-}$ production on $^{3}$He and the neutron, while our $π^{+}$ asymmetries are consistent with zero. △ Less

Submitted 10 February, 2012; v1 submitted 2 August, 2011; originally announced August 2011.

Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures, 1 tables, published in PRL

Report number: JLAB-PHY-11-1359

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 052001 (2012)

Single Spin Asymmetries in Charged Pion Production from Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering on a Transversely Polarized $^3$He Target

Authors: X. Qian, K. Allada, C. Dutta, J. Huang, J. Katich, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, K. Aniol, J. R. M. Annand, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, P. C. Bradshaw, P. Bosted, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G. D. Cates, C. Chen, J. -P. Chen, W. Chen, K. Chirapatpimol, E. Chudakov, E. Cisbani, J. C. Cornejo, F. Cusanno , et al. (90 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report the first measurement of target single spin asymmetries in the semi-inclusive $^3{He}(e,e'π^\pm)X$ reaction on a transversely polarized target. The experiment, conducted at Jefferson Lab using a 5.9 GeV electron beam, covers a range of 0.14 $< x <$ 0.34 with 1.3 $<Q^2<$ 2.7 GeV$^2$. The Collins and Sivers moments were extracted from the azimuthal angular dependence of the measured asymme… ▽ More We report the first measurement of target single spin asymmetries in the semi-inclusive $^3{He}(e,e'π^\pm)X$ reaction on a transversely polarized target. The experiment, conducted at Jefferson Lab using a 5.9 GeV electron beam, covers a range of 0.14 $< x <$ 0.34 with 1.3 $<Q^2<$ 2.7 GeV$^2$. The Collins and Sivers moments were extracted from the azimuthal angular dependence of the measured asymmetries. The extracted $π^\pm$ Collins moments for $^3$He are consistent with zero, except for the $π^+$ moment at $x=0.34$, which deviates from zero by 2.3$σ$. While the $π^-$ Sivers moments are consistent with zero, the $π^+$ Sivers moments favor negative values. The neutron results were extracted using the nucleon effective polarization and the measured cross section ratio of proton to $^3$He, and are largely consistent with the predictions of phenomenological fits and quark model calculations. △ Less

Submitted 16 August, 2011; v1 submitted 2 June, 2011; originally announced June 2011.

Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, published in PRL

Journal ref: Phys.Rev.Lett.107:072003,2011

Transverse Spin Structure of the Nucleon through Target Single Spin Asymmetry in Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic $(e,e^\prime π^\pm)$ Reaction at Jefferson Lab

Authors: H. Gao, L. Gamberg, J. -P. Chen, X. Qian, Y. Qiang, M. Huang, A. Afanasev, M. Anselmino, H. Avakian, G. Cates, E. Chudakov, E. Cisbani, C. de Jager, F. Garibaldi, B. T. Hu, X. Jiang, K. S. Kumar, X. M. Li, H. J. Lu, Z. -E. Meziani, B. -Q. Ma, Y. J. Mao, J. -C. Peng, A. Prokudin, M. Schlegel , et al. (4 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Jefferson Lab (JLab) 12 GeV energy upgrade provides a golden opportunity to perform precision studies of the transverse spin and transverse-momentum-dependent structure in the valence quark region for both the proton and the neutron. In this paper, we focus our discussion on a recently approved experiment on the neutron as an example of the precision studies planned at JLab. The new experiment wil… ▽ More Jefferson Lab (JLab) 12 GeV energy upgrade provides a golden opportunity to perform precision studies of the transverse spin and transverse-momentum-dependent structure in the valence quark region for both the proton and the neutron. In this paper, we focus our discussion on a recently approved experiment on the neutron as an example of the precision studies planned at JLab. The new experiment will perform precision measurements of target Single Spin Asymmetries (SSA) from semi-inclusive electro-production of charged pions from a 40-cm long transversely polarized $^3$He target in Deep-Inelastic-Scattering kinematics using 11 and 8.8 GeV electron beams. This new coincidence experiment in Hall A will employ a newly proposed solenoid spectrometer (SoLID). The large acceptance spectrometer and the high polarized luminosity will provide precise 4-D ($x$, $z$, $P_T$ and $Q^2$) data on the Collins, Sivers, and pretzelocity asymmetries for the neutron through the azimuthal angular dependence. The full 2$π$ azimuthal angular coverage in the lab is essential in controlling the systematic uncertainties. The results from this experiment, when combined with the proton Collins asymmetry measurement and the Collins fragmentation function determined from the e$^+$e$^-$ collision data, will allow for a quark flavor separation in order to achieve a determination of the tensor charge of the d quark to a 10% accuracy. The extracted Sivers and pretzelocity asymmetries will provide important information to understand the correlations between the quark orbital angular momentum and the nucleon spin and between the quark spin and nucleon spin. △ Less

Submitted 13 January, 2011; v1 submitted 20 September, 2010; originally announced September 2010.

Comments: 23 pages, 13 figures, minor corrections, matches published version

Journal ref: Eur.Phys.J.Plus 126:2,2011

NaI (Tl) Calorimeter Calibration and Simulation for Coulomb Sum Rule Experiment in Hall-A at Jefferson Lab

Authors: Xin-Hu Yan, Alexandre Camsonne, Jian-ping Chen, Seonho Choi, Hai-jiang Lv, Zein-Eddine Meziani, Yoomin Oh, Vincent Sulkosky, Yun-Xiu Ye, Huan Yao

Abstract: A precision measurment of inclusive electron scattering cross sections was carried out at Jefferson Lab in the quasi-elastic region for ${^4}$He, ${^{12}}$C, ${^{56}}$Fe and ${^{208}}$Pb targets. Longitudinal ($R_{L}$) and transverse ($R_{T}$) response functions of nucleon were extracted in the momentum transfer range 0.55 GeV/c$\le$$|q|$$\le$1.0 GeV/c. To achieve the above goal, a NaI (Tl) calori… ▽ More A precision measurment of inclusive electron scattering cross sections was carried out at Jefferson Lab in the quasi-elastic region for ${^4}$He, ${^{12}}$C, ${^{56}}$Fe and ${^{208}}$Pb targets. Longitudinal ($R_{L}$) and transverse ($R_{T}$) response functions of nucleon were extracted in the momentum transfer range 0.55 GeV/c$\le$$|q|$$\le$1.0 GeV/c. To achieve the above goal, a NaI (Tl) calorimeter was used to distinguish good electrons from background including pions and low energy electrons rescattered from walls of the spectrometer magnets. Due to a large set of kinematics and changes in HV settings, a number of calibrations were performed for the NaI (Tl) detector. Corrections for a few blocks of NaI (Tl) with bad or no signal were applied. The resolution of NaI (Tl) detector after calibration reached $\frac{δE}{\sqrt{E}} \approx 3\%$ at E=1 GeV. The performance of NaI (Tl) detector was compared with a simulation. △ Less

Submitted 8 August, 2010; originally announced August 2010.

Journal ref: Chin.Phys.C35:488-493,2011

Radioactive Ion Beam Physics and Nuclear Astrophysics in China

Authors: Y. G. Ma, X. Z. Cai, W. Q. Shen, W. L. Zhan, Y. L. Ye, W. P. Liu, G. M. Jin, X. H. Zhou, S. W. Xu, L. H. Zuo, S. J. Zhu, Z. H. Liu, J. Meng

Abstract: Based on the intermediate energy radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL) of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) and Low Energy Radioactive Ion Beam Line (GIRAFFE) of Beijing National Tandem Accelerator Lab (HI13), the radioactive ion beam physics and nuclear astrophysics will be researched in detail. The key scientific problems are: the nuclear structure and reaction for nuclear… ▽ More Based on the intermediate energy radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL) of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) and Low Energy Radioactive Ion Beam Line (GIRAFFE) of Beijing National Tandem Accelerator Lab (HI13), the radioactive ion beam physics and nuclear astrophysics will be researched in detail. The key scientific problems are: the nuclear structure and reaction for nuclear far from $β$-stability line; the synthesize of new nuclides near drip lines and new super heavy nuclides; the properties of asymmetric nuclear matter with extra large isospin and some nuclear astro- reactions. △ Less

Submitted 14 October, 2004; originally announced October 2004.

Comments: 10 pages and 11 figures; Proceeding of 5th Japan-China Joint Symposium on Nuclear Physics, Fukoko, Japan, March 2004