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Modification of $Υ$ production in $p$O and OO collisions at LHCb
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
M. Abdelfatah,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
A. A. Adefisoye,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
H. Al Saleh,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
R. Aleksiejunas,
F. Alessio,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis,
Z. Amos
, et al. (1166 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The production rates of $\mathitΥ(2S)$ and $\mathitΥ(3S)$ mesons relative to that of the $\mathitΥ(1S)$ state are measured in $pp$, $p$O, and OO collisions by the LHCb collaboration. The ratios measured in $pp$ data are consistent with previous LHCb measurements at different center-of-mass energies. Only slight relative suppression of the $\mathitΥ(2S)$ and $\mathitΥ(3S)$ states is found in $p$O c…
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The production rates of $\mathitΥ(2S)$ and $\mathitΥ(3S)$ mesons relative to that of the $\mathitΥ(1S)$ state are measured in $pp$, $p$O, and OO collisions by the LHCb collaboration. The ratios measured in $pp$ data are consistent with previous LHCb measurements at different center-of-mass energies. Only slight relative suppression of the $\mathitΥ(2S)$ and $\mathitΥ(3S)$ states is found in $p$O collisions, while in OO collisions the $\mathitΥ(2S)$ is suppressed by a factor of $\sim2$, with evidence for suppression of the $\mathitΥ(3S)$. The significant suppression in OO data, compared to the small effect in $p$O data, shows the emergence of additional suppression mechanisms in the relatively small OO collision system. Models incorporating quark-gluon plasma formation in OO collisions successfully describe the data. Implications for the interplay between cold nuclear matter effects and color screening in a deconfined quark-gluon plasma are discussed.
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Submitted 31 July, 2026;
originally announced August 2026.
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Measurement of the average transverse momentum of forward prompt charged particles in $pp$ and $p\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02\; \mathrm{TeV}$
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
M. Abdelfatah,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
A. A. Adefisoye,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
R. Aleksiejunas,
F. Alessio,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis,
L. An,
L. Anderlini
, et al. (1105 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
This letter presents the first measurements of the average transverse momentum of prompt charged particles in $pp$ and $p\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions as a function of collision multiplicity and pseudorapidity. The data were recorded at nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02\; \mathrm{TeV}$ with the LHCb experiment. The pseudorapidity dependence of the multiplicity distribution is a…
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This letter presents the first measurements of the average transverse momentum of prompt charged particles in $pp$ and $p\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions as a function of collision multiplicity and pseudorapidity. The data were recorded at nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02\; \mathrm{TeV}$ with the LHCb experiment. The pseudorapidity dependence of the multiplicity distribution is also measured. The average transverse momentum results show a decreasing trend with pseudorapidity, more pronounced in high-multiplicity events, consistent with the collective behaviour of the produced matter. The measurements are reproduced by state-of-the-art (3+1D) hydrodynamic calculations, while saturation models are not compatible with the data.
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Submitted 12 August, 2026; v1 submitted 29 July, 2026;
originally announced July 2026.
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Observation of a dominant $\boldsymbol{0f_{7/2}}$ neutron configuration in the $\boldsymbol{^{32}}$Si $\boldsymbol{J^π=5^-}$ isomeric state
Authors:
C. R. Hoffman,
G. L. Wilson,
J. Chen,
B. P. Kay,
T. L. Tang,
S. R. Carmichael,
M. Gott,
S. Lesher,
M. S. Martin,
G. E. Morgan,
J. Wu
Abstract:
An yrast, $J^π=5^-$, spin-trap isomer has been previously identified in $^{32}$Si. The isomeric state decays predominantly via a hindered $E3$ transition [B($E3$) = 0.0841(10)~W.u.], bypassing a nearby $E2$ decay path to the first excited $3^-$ level. The single-neutron aspects of these negative parity levels were investigated via the $^{31}$Si$(d$,$p)^{32}$Si reaction at 9.6~MeV/$u$ using HELIOS…
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An yrast, $J^π=5^-$, spin-trap isomer has been previously identified in $^{32}$Si. The isomeric state decays predominantly via a hindered $E3$ transition [B($E3$) = 0.0841(10)~W.u.], bypassing a nearby $E2$ decay path to the first excited $3^-$ level. The single-neutron aspects of these negative parity levels were investigated via the $^{31}$Si$(d$,$p)^{32}$Si reaction at 9.6~MeV/$u$ using HELIOS and the ATLAS in-flight facility. The $5^-$ state appears as a dominant $\ell=3$ transfer with a relatively large spectroscopic factor, confirming its single-particle $\nu0f_{7/2}$ character. The yrast $3^-$ level had a reduced $\ell=3$ spectroscopic factor of $\approx$ 0.44 compared to that of the $5^-_1$ level. This is similar to the situation observed in nearby $^{34}$S which by contrast has a measured B($E2, 5^-\rightarrow 3^-$) transition strength closer to 1~W.u.. It has been concluded that the hinderance of the $5^-_1\rightarrow 3^-_1$ transition in $^{32}$Si is not primarily due to the differing overlaps in the neutron structure. Instead, the lack of participation by both the protons and the neutrons in the transition is proposed as the transition-strength reduction mechanism.
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Submitted 16 June, 2026;
originally announced June 2026.
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Study of nuclear effects on charm production in light-ion collisions
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
M. Abdelfatah,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
A. A. Adefisoye,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
R. Aleksiejunas,
F. Alessio,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis,
L. An,
L. Anderlini
, et al. (1105 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The onset of nuclear effects in light-ion collisions is studied by measuring the ratio of $D^0$ meson production between NeNe and OO collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $5.36\,{\rm TeV}$ recorded by the LHCb detector. The $D^0$ meson yields are measured differentially in transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) for $0.5<p_{\rm T}<20\,{\rm GeV}$ in the rapidity ($y$) region…
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The onset of nuclear effects in light-ion collisions is studied by measuring the ratio of $D^0$ meson production between NeNe and OO collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $5.36\,{\rm TeV}$ recorded by the LHCb detector. The $D^0$ meson yields are measured differentially in transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) for $0.5<p_{\rm T}<20\,{\rm GeV}$ in the rapidity ($y$) region $2.0<y<4.5$, and are normalized to the total number of recorded inelastic nucleus-nucleus collisions in each data sample. The resulting production ratio shows evidence of variation as a function of $p_{\rm T}$, which is inconsistent with predictions based on nuclear modification of nucleon structure alone. This measurement is consistent with the onset of quark-gluon plasma production with increasing nucleus size in high-energy nuclear collisions.
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Submitted 26 May, 2026;
originally announced May 2026.
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Valence $1s-0d$ proton vacancy of the $^{32}$Si ground state
Authors:
N. Watwood,
C. R. Hoffman,
B. P. Kay,
I. A. Tolstukhin,
J. Chen,
T. L. Tang,
D. Bazin,
Y. Ayyad,
S. Beceiro-Novo,
S. J. Freeman,
L. P. Gaffney,
R. Garg,
H. Jayatissa,
A. N. Kuchera,
P. T. MacGregor,
A. J. Mitchell,
A. Muñoz-Ramos,
C. Müller-Gatermann,
F. Recchia,
C. Santamaria,
M. Z. Serikow,
D. K. Sharp,
G. L. Wilson,
A. H. Wuosmaa,
J. C. Zamora
Abstract:
The $^{32}$Si($^3$He,$d$)$^{33}$P reaction was studied in inverse kinematics at 6.3~MeV/$u$. States in $^{33}$P corresponding to the proton $1s-0d$ single-particle orbitals were identified up to $\sim$4.5 MeV in excitation energy. The ($^{3}$He,$d$) spectroscopic factors were determined from Distorted Wave Born Approximation calculations. When combined with complementary neutron-adding data, the…
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The $^{32}$Si($^3$He,$d$)$^{33}$P reaction was studied in inverse kinematics at 6.3~MeV/$u$. States in $^{33}$P corresponding to the proton $1s-0d$ single-particle orbitals were identified up to $\sim$4.5 MeV in excitation energy. The ($^{3}$He,$d$) spectroscopic factors were determined from Distorted Wave Born Approximation calculations. When combined with complementary neutron-adding data, the $1s-0d$ proton vacancies in the $^{32}$Si ground state were extracted. In conjunction with a re-analysis of data from previous single-particle measurements, the trends in proton and neutron vacancy were explored across the $^{28,30,32,34}$Si isotopes. Both proton and neutron vacancy data show gradual changes in their occupancies. The proton $1s_{1/2}$ orbitals in $^{32}$Si and $^{34}$Si are both consistent with being empty. The ground-state nucleon distributions are described by shell-model calculations constrained to the $1s-0d$ model space.
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Submitted 6 October, 2025;
originally announced October 2025.
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Measurement of transverse $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperon polarization in $p$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
A. A. Adefisoye,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis,
L. An
, et al. (1128 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The transverse polarization of $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperons is measured in $p$Pb collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of $5.02$ TeV. The polarization is averaged over hyperon transverse momentum in the ranges $0.15 < p_{T} < 6.00 $ GeV/$c$, and Feynman-$x$ in the ranges $0.005 < x_{F} < 0.040$ (forward region) and $-0.10 < x_{F} < -0.01$ (backward regi…
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The transverse polarization of $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperons is measured in $p$Pb collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of $5.02$ TeV. The polarization is averaged over hyperon transverse momentum in the ranges $0.15 < p_{T} < 6.00 $ GeV/$c$, and Feynman-$x$ in the ranges $0.005 < x_{F} < 0.040$ (forward region) and $-0.10 < x_{F} < -0.01$ (backward region) defined relative to the proton beam direction. The transverse polarization is found to be compatible with zero for both $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperons. The results are also measured as a function of $p_{T}$ and $x_{F}$ with no significant dependence on these variables observed. The results are compared with previous experimental measurements at different center-of-mass energies and collision environments.
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Submitted 5 January, 2026; v1 submitted 3 August, 2025;
originally announced August 2025.
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Measurement of $ψ(2S)$ to $J/ψ$ cross-section ratio as function of multiplicity in $p$Pb collisions at$\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 8.16$ TeV
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
A. A. Adefisoye,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis,
L. An
, et al. (1137 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The production ratio of $ψ(2S)$ to $J/ψ$ charmonium states is presented as a function of multiplicity in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV, for both prompt and nonprompt sources. The total luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment corresponds to 13.6 $pb^{-1}$ for $p$Pb collisions and 20.8 $pb^{-1}$ for Pb$p$ collisions, where the first particle indicat…
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The production ratio of $ψ(2S)$ to $J/ψ$ charmonium states is presented as a function of multiplicity in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV, for both prompt and nonprompt sources. The total luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment corresponds to 13.6 $pb^{-1}$ for $p$Pb collisions and 20.8 $pb^{-1}$ for Pb$p$ collisions, where the first particle indicates the forward direction of the detector. Measurements are performed in the dimuon final state at forward (backward) centre-of-mass rapidity $1.5<y^*<4.0$ ($-5.0<y^*<-2.5$) for $p$Pb (Pb$p$) collisions.A multiplicity dependence of the prompt production ratio is observed in $p$Pb collisions, whereas no dependence is found in nonprompt production, nor in either prompt or nonprompt production in Pb$p$ collisions. These results suggest that in the Pb-going direction additional suppression mechanisms beyond comover effects may be present, possibly related to the formation of quark-gluon plasma. This highlights a transition from small to large collision systems and provides important insight into the suppression of charmonia in proton-nucleus collisions.
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Submitted 17 February, 2026; v1 submitted 10 June, 2025;
originally announced June 2025.
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Quenching of single-particle strength inferred from nucleon-removal transfer reactions on $^{15}$C
Authors:
Y. C. Jiang,
J. Chen,
B. P. Kay,
C. R. Hoffman,
T. L. Tang,
I. A. Tolstukhin,
M. R. Xie,
J. G. Li,
N. Michel,
M. L. Avila,
Y. Ayyad,
D. Bazin,
S. Bennett,
J. A. Clark,
S. J. Freeman,
H. Jayatissa,
G. Li,
W. P. Liu,
J. L. Lou,
A. Munoz-Ramos,
C. Müller-Gatermann,
T. Nathan,
D. Santiago-Gonzalez,
D. K. Sharp,
Y. P. Shen
, et al. (2 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The difference in the proton and neutron separation energies ($ΔS$) of the weakly bound $^{15}$C ground state is -19.86 MeV, an extreme value. Data from intermediate-energy heavy-ion induced (HI-induced) knockout reactions on nuclei spanning $-20\lesssimΔS\lesssim+20$ MeV, suggest that the degree to which single-particle strength is quenched, $R\mathrm{_{s}}$, has a negative correlation with $ΔS$,…
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The difference in the proton and neutron separation energies ($ΔS$) of the weakly bound $^{15}$C ground state is -19.86 MeV, an extreme value. Data from intermediate-energy heavy-ion induced (HI-induced) knockout reactions on nuclei spanning $-20\lesssimΔS\lesssim+20$ MeV, suggest that the degree to which single-particle strength is quenched, $R\mathrm{_{s}}$, has a negative correlation with $ΔS$, decreasing from unity around $-20$~MeV to around 0.2 at $+20$~MeV. For the $^{15}$C ground state ($R_s=0.96(4)$ in HI-induced knockout), contrasting results have recently been obtained via the neutron-adding transfer reaction, which reveal a value of $R_s=0.64(15)$, similar to the value observed at modest $ΔS$ and more extreme values of $ΔS$ with reaction probes other than HI knockout. In order to explore the any potential differences between $adding$ and $removing$ processes in transfer reactions at extreme $ΔS$, single-neutron removal transfer reactions on $^{15}$C were performed at 7.1MeV/u in inverse kinematics. The removal of a valence neutron in 2$s_{1/2}$ orbit using both ($p$,$d$) and ($d$,$t$) reactions shows consistent quenching factors and agrees with those from the neutron-adding reaction. The present results, which can be compared with neutron knockout reaction, suggest that correlations, represented by the quenching factor, show limited dependence on neutron-proton asymmetry under the most extreme asymmetry conditions so far achieved in transfer reactions.
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Submitted 31 July, 2025; v1 submitted 4 June, 2025;
originally announced June 2025.
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Rapidity and multiplicity dependence of charged-particle flow in $p$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 8.16$ TeV
Authors:
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
A. A. Adefisoye,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis,
L. An,
L. Anderlini
, et al. (1126 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The elliptic and triangular flow of charged particles are measured using two-particle angular correlations in $p$Pb collisions in the pseudorapidity range \cal{2.0 $< |η| <$ 4.8}. The data sample was collected by the LHCb experiment in 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 8.16$ TeV, containing in total approximately 1.5 billion collision events. Non-flow contributio…
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The elliptic and triangular flow of charged particles are measured using two-particle angular correlations in $p$Pb collisions in the pseudorapidity range \cal{2.0 $< |η| <$ 4.8}. The data sample was collected by the LHCb experiment in 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 8.16$ TeV, containing in total approximately 1.5 billion collision events. Non-flow contributions are obtained in low-multiplicity collisions and subtracted to extract the flow harmonics. The results are presented as a function of event multiplicity and hadron transverse momentum. Comparisons with a full (3+1)D dynamic model indicate that it overestimates the measured elliptic flow. A comparison between the forward and backward regions reveals no significant differences in flow parameters, suggesting that final-state effects may dominate over initial-state effects in the origin of flow in small systems.
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Submitted 30 October, 2025; v1 submitted 14 May, 2025;
originally announced May 2025.
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Kinematics Calibration and Excitation Energy Reconstruction for Solenoidal Spectrometers
Authors:
T. L. Tang
Abstract:
This work introduces a novel method for reconstructing excitation energy and center-of-mass scattering angle from energy-position data in solenoidal spectrometers, addressing challenges posed by non-linearities at small scattering angles. The approach employs a robust calibration of experimental energy-position data using known excited states, followed by an analytical inverse transformation based…
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This work introduces a novel method for reconstructing excitation energy and center-of-mass scattering angle from energy-position data in solenoidal spectrometers, addressing challenges posed by non-linearities at small scattering angles. The approach employs a robust calibration of experimental energy-position data using known excited states, followed by an analytical inverse transformation based on relativistic kinematics and cyclotron motion. Integrated into the HELIOS online analysis routines, this method enables real-time generation of excitation energy spectra and angular distributions during experiments, improving efficiency and accuracy over traditional projection-based methods. The method's effectiveness is demonstrated using the 25Mg(d,p) reaction, highlighting its ability to handle forward-angle data and produce precise kinematic reconstructions.
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Submitted 8 September, 2025; v1 submitted 6 January, 2025;
originally announced January 2025.
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Evolution of the nuclear spin-orbit splitting explored via the $^{32}$Si($d$,$p$)$^{33}$Si reaction using SOLARIS
Authors:
J. Chen,
B. P. Kay,
C. R. Hoffman,
T. L. Tang,
I. A. Tolstukhin,
D. Bazin,
R. S. Lubna,
Y. Ayyad,
S. Beceiro-Novo,
B. J. Coombes,
S. J. Freeman,
L. P. Gaffney,
R. Garg,
H. Jayatissa,
A. N. Kuchera,
P. MacGregor,
A. J. Mitchell,
W. Mittig,
B. Monteagudo,
A. Munoz-Ramos,
C. Müller-Gatermann,
F. Recchia,
N. Rijal,
C. Santamaria,
M. Z. Serikow
, et al. (8 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The spin-orbit splitting between neutron 1$p$ orbitals at $^{33}$Si has been deduced using the single-neutron-adding ($d$,$p$) reaction in inverse kinematics with a beam of $^{32}$Si, a long-lived radioisotope. Reaction products were analyzed by the newly implemented SOLARIS spectrometer at the reaccelerated-beam facility at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. The measurements show…
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The spin-orbit splitting between neutron 1$p$ orbitals at $^{33}$Si has been deduced using the single-neutron-adding ($d$,$p$) reaction in inverse kinematics with a beam of $^{32}$Si, a long-lived radioisotope. Reaction products were analyzed by the newly implemented SOLARIS spectrometer at the reaccelerated-beam facility at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. The measurements show reasonable agreement with shell-model calculations that incorporate modern cross-shell interactions, but they contradict the prediction of proton density depletion based on relativistic mean-field theory. The evolution of the neutron 1$p$-shell orbitals is systematically studied using the present and existing data in the isotonic chains of $N=17$, 19, and 21. In each case, a smooth decrease in the separation of the $1p_{3/2}$-$1p_{1/2}$ orbitals is seen as the respective $p$-orbitals approach zero binding, suggesting that the finite nuclear potential strongly influences the evolution of nuclear structure in this region.
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Submitted 8 April, 2024;
originally announced April 2024.
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Direct cross-section measurement of the weak r-process 88Sr(α,n)91Zr reaction in ν-driven winds of core collapse supernovae
Authors:
C. Fougères,
M. L. Avila,
H. Jayatissa,
D. Santiago-Gonzalez,
K. Brandenburg,
Z. Meisel,
P. Mohr,
F. Montes,
C. Műller-Gatermann,
D. Neto,
W. -J. Ong,
J. Pereira,
K. E. Rehm,
T. L. Tang,
I. A. Tolstukhin,
L. Varriano,
G. Wilson,
J. Wu
Abstract:
About half of the heavy elements beyond iron are known to be produced by the rapid neutron capture process, known as r-process. However, the astrophysical site producing the r-process is still uncertain. Chemical abundances observed in several cosmic sites indicate that different mechanisms should be at play. For instance, the abundances around silver measured in a subset of metal-poor stars indic…
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About half of the heavy elements beyond iron are known to be produced by the rapid neutron capture process, known as r-process. However, the astrophysical site producing the r-process is still uncertain. Chemical abundances observed in several cosmic sites indicate that different mechanisms should be at play. For instance, the abundances around silver measured in a subset of metal-poor stars indicate the presence of a weak r-process. This process may be active in neutrino-driven winds of core collapse supernovae where ($α$,n) reactions dominate the synthesis of Z ~ 40 elements in the expelled materials. Scarcely measured, the rates of ($α$,n) reactions are determined from statistical Hauser-Feshbach calculations with $α$-optical-model potentials, which are still poorly constrained. The uncertainties of the ($α$,n) reaction rates therefore make a significant contribution to the uncertainties of the abundances determined from stellar modeling. In this work, the $^{88}$Sr($α$,n)$^{91}$Zr reaction which impacts the weak r-process abundances has been probed at astrophysics energy for the first time; directly measuring the total cross sections at astrophysical energies of 8.37 - 13.09 MeV in the center of mass (3.8 - 7.5 GK). Two measurements were performed at ATLAS with the electrically-segmented ionization chamber MUSIC, in inverse kinematics, while following the active target technique. The cross sections of this $α$-induced reaction on $^{88}$Sr, located at the shell closure N = 50, have been found to be lower than expected, by a factor of 3, despite recent statistical calculations validated by measurements on neighboring nuclei. This result encourages more experimental investigations of ($α$,n) reactions, at N = 50 and towards the neutron-rich side, to further test the predictive power and reliability of such calculations.
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Submitted 2 February, 2024;
originally announced February 2024.
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Experimental Study of the $^{\textbf{38}}$S Excited Level Scheme
Authors:
C. R. Hoffman,
R. S. Lubna,
E. Rubino,
S. L. Tabor,
K. Auranen,
P. C. Bender,
C. M. Campbell,
M. P. Carpenter,
J. Chen,
M. Gott,
J. P. Greene,
D. E. M. Hoff,
T. Huang,
H. Iwasaki,
F. G. Kondev,
T. Lauritsen,
B. Longfellow,
C. Santamaria,
D. Seweryniak,
T. L. Tang,
G. L. Wilson,
J. Wu,
S. Zhu
Abstract:
Information on the $^{38}$S level scheme was expanded through experimental work utilizing a fusion-evaporation reaction and in-beam $γ$-ray spectroscopy. Prompt $γ$-ray transitions were detected by the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array (GRETINA) and recoiling $^{38}$S residues were selected by the Fragment Mass Analayzer (FMA). Tools based on machine-learning techniques were developed and deployed f…
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Information on the $^{38}$S level scheme was expanded through experimental work utilizing a fusion-evaporation reaction and in-beam $γ$-ray spectroscopy. Prompt $γ$-ray transitions were detected by the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array (GRETINA) and recoiling $^{38}$S residues were selected by the Fragment Mass Analayzer (FMA). Tools based on machine-learning techniques were developed and deployed for the first time in order to enhance the unique selection of $^{38}$S residues and identify any associated $γ$-ray transitions. The new level information, including the extension of the even-spin yrast sequence through $J^π = 8^{(+)}$, was interpreted in terms of a basic single-particle picture as well shell-model calculations which incorporated the empirically derived FSU interaction. A comparison between the properties of the yrast states in the even-$Z$ $N=22$ isotones from $Z=14$ to $20$, and for $^{36}$Si-$^{38}$S in particular, was also presented with an emphasis on the role and influence of the neutron $1p_{3/2}$ orbital on the structure in the region.
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Submitted 26 May, 2023;
originally announced May 2023.
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Direct Determination of Fission-Barrier Heights Using Light-Ion Transfer in Inverse Kinematics
Authors:
S. A. Bennett,
K. Garett,
D. K. Sharp,
S. J. Freeman,
A. G. Smith,
T. J. Wright,
B. P. Kay,
T. L. Tang,
I. A. Tolstukhin,
Y. Ayyad,
J. Chen,
P. J. Davies,
A. Dolan,
L. P. Gaffney,
A. Heinz,
C. R. Hoffman,
C. Müller-Gatermann,
R. D. Page,
G. L. Wilson
Abstract:
We demonstrate a new technique for obtaining fission data for nuclei away from $β$-stability. These types of data are pertinent to the astrophysical \textit{r-}process, crucial to a complete understanding of the origin of the heavy elements, and for developing a predictive model of fission. These data are also important considerations for terrestrial applications related to power generation and sa…
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We demonstrate a new technique for obtaining fission data for nuclei away from $β$-stability. These types of data are pertinent to the astrophysical \textit{r-}process, crucial to a complete understanding of the origin of the heavy elements, and for developing a predictive model of fission. These data are also important considerations for terrestrial applications related to power generation and safeguarding. Experimentally, such data are scarce due to the difficulties in producing the actinide targets of interest. The solenoidal-spectrometer technique, commonly used to study nucleon-transfer reactions in inverse kinematics, has been applied to the case of transfer-induced fission as a means to deduce the fission-barrier height, among other variables. The fission-barrier height of $^{239}$U has been determined via the $^{238}$U($d$,$pf$) reaction in inverse kinematics, the results of which are consistent with existing neutron-induced fission data indicating the validity of the technique.
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Submitted 20 April, 2023;
originally announced April 2023.
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Microsecond Isomer at the N=20 Island of Shape Inversion Observed at FRIB
Authors:
T. J. Gray,
J. M. Allmond,
Z. Xu,
T. T. King,
R. S. Lubna,
H. L. Crawford,
V. Tripathi,
B. P. Crider,
R. Grzywacz,
S. N. Liddick,
A. O. Macchiavelli,
T. Miyagi,
A. Poves,
A. Andalib,
E. Argo,
C. Benetti,
S. Bhattacharya,
C. M. Campbell,
M. P. Carpenter,
J. Chan,
A. Chester,
J. Christie,
B. R. Clark,
I. Cox,
A. A. Doetsch
, et al. (41 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Excited-state spectroscopy from the first Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) experiment is reported. A 24(2)-$μ$s isomer was observed with the FRIB Decay Station initiator (FDSi) through a cascade of 224- and 401-keV $γ$ rays in coincidence with $^{32}\textrm{Na}$ nuclei. This is the only known microsecond isomer ($1{\text{ }μ\text{s}}\leq T_{1/2} < 1\text{ ms}$) in the region. This nucleus is…
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Excited-state spectroscopy from the first Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) experiment is reported. A 24(2)-$μ$s isomer was observed with the FRIB Decay Station initiator (FDSi) through a cascade of 224- and 401-keV $γ$ rays in coincidence with $^{32}\textrm{Na}$ nuclei. This is the only known microsecond isomer ($1{\text{ }μ\text{s}}\leq T_{1/2} < 1\text{ ms}$) in the region. This nucleus is at the heart of the $N=20$ island of shape inversion and is at the crossroads of spherical shell-model, deformed shell-model, and ab initio theories. It can be represented as the coupling of a proton hole and neutron particle to $^{32}\textrm{Mg}$, $^{32}\textrm{Mg}+π^{-1} + ν^{+1}$. This odd-odd coupling and isomer formation provides a sensitive measure of the underlying shape degrees of freedom of $^{32}\textrm{Mg}$, where the onset of spherical-to-deformed shape inversion begins with a low-lying deformed $2^+$ state at 885 keV and a low-lying shape-coexisting $0_2^+$ state at 1058 keV. We suggest two possible explanations for the 625-keV isomer in $^{32}$Na: a $6^-$ spherical shape isomer that decays by $E2$ or a $0^+$ deformed spin isomer that decays by $M2$. The present results and calculations are most consistent with the latter, indicating that the low-lying states are dominated by deformation.
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Submitted 26 April, 2023; v1 submitted 22 February, 2023;
originally announced February 2023.
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Study of the $^{22}$Mg waiting point relevant for x-ray burst nucleosynthesis via the $^{22}$Mg($α$,$p$)$^{25}$Al reaction
Authors:
H. Jayatissa,
M. L. Avila,
K. E. Rehm,
P. Mohr,
Z. Meisel,
J. Chen,
C. R. Hoffman,
J. Liang,
C. Müller-Gatermann,
D. Neto,
W. J. Ong,
A. Psaltis,
D. Santiago-Gonzalez,
T. L. Tang,
C. Ugalde,
G. Wilson
Abstract:
The $^{22}$Mg($α$,$p$)$^{25}$Al reaction rate has been identified as a major source of uncertainty for understanding the nucleosynthesis flow in Type-I x-ray bursts (XRBs). We report a direct measurement of the energy- and angle-integrated cross sections of this reaction in a 3.3-6.9 MeV center-of-mass energy range using the MUlti-Sampling Ionization Chamber (MUSIC). The new $^{22}$Mg($α$,$p$)…
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The $^{22}$Mg($α$,$p$)$^{25}$Al reaction rate has been identified as a major source of uncertainty for understanding the nucleosynthesis flow in Type-I x-ray bursts (XRBs). We report a direct measurement of the energy- and angle-integrated cross sections of this reaction in a 3.3-6.9 MeV center-of-mass energy range using the MUlti-Sampling Ionization Chamber (MUSIC). The new $^{22}$Mg($α$,$p$)$^{25}$Al reaction rate is a factor of $\sim$4 higher than the previous direct measurement of this reaction within temperatures relevant for XRBs, resulting in the $^{22}$Mg waiting point of x-ray burst nucleosynthesis flow to be significantly bypassed via the ($α,p$) reaction
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Submitted 1 November, 2022;
originally announced November 2022.
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Probing the quadrupole transition strength of 15C via deuteron inelastic scattering
Authors:
J. Chen,
B. P. Kay,
T. L. Tang,
I. A. Tolstukhin,
C. R. Hoffman,
H. Li,
P. Yin,
X. Zhao,
P. Maris,
J. P. Vary,
G. Li,
J. L. Lou,
M. L. Avila,
Y. Ayyad,
S. Bennett,
D. Bazin,
J. A. Clark,
S. J. Freeman,
H. Jayatissa,
C. Müller-Gatermann,
A. Munoz,
D. Santiago-Gonzalez,
D. K. Sharp,
A. H. Wuosmaa,
C. X. Yuan
Abstract:
Deuteron elastic scattering from 15C and inelastic scattering reactions to the first excited state of 15C were studied using a radioactive beam of 15C in inverse kinematics. The scattered deuterons were measured using HELIOS. The elastic scattering differential cross sections were analyzed using the optical model. A matter deformation length δd = 1.04(11) fm has been extracted from the differentia…
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Deuteron elastic scattering from 15C and inelastic scattering reactions to the first excited state of 15C were studied using a radioactive beam of 15C in inverse kinematics. The scattered deuterons were measured using HELIOS. The elastic scattering differential cross sections were analyzed using the optical model. A matter deformation length δd = 1.04(11) fm has been extracted from the differential cross sections of inelastic scattering to the first excited state. The ratio of neutron and proton matrix elements Mn/Mp = 3.6(4) has been determined from this quadrupole transition. Neutron effective charges and core-polarization parameters of 15C were determined and discussed. Results from ab-initio no-core configuration interaction calculations were also compared with the experimental observations. This result supports a moderate core decoupling effect of the valence neutron in 15C similarly to its isotone 17O, in line with the interpretation of other neutron-rich carbon isotopes.
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Submitted 17 November, 2022; v1 submitted 25 September, 2022;
originally announced September 2022.
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Quenching of Single-Particle Strength in A=15 Nuclei
Authors:
B. P. Kay,
T. L. Tang,
I. A. Tolstukhin,
G. B. Roderick,
A. J. Mitchell,
Y. Ayyad,
S. A. Bennett,
J. Chen,
K. A. Chipps,
H. L. Crawford,
S. J. Freeman,
K. Garrett,
M. D. Gott,
M. R. Hall,
C. R. Hoffman,
H. Jayatissa,
A. O. Macchiavelli,
P. T. MacGregor,
D. K. Sharp,
G. L. Wilson
Abstract:
Absolute cross sections for the addition of $s$- and $d$-wave neutrons to $^{14}$C and $^{14}$N have been determined simultaneously via the ($d$,$p$) reaction at 10 MeV/u. The difference between the neutron and proton separation energies, $ΔS$, is around $-20$ MeV for the $^{14}$C$+$$n$ system and $+8$ MeV for $^{14}$N$+$$n$. The population of the $1s_{1/2}$ and $0d_{5/2}$ orbitals for both system…
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Absolute cross sections for the addition of $s$- and $d$-wave neutrons to $^{14}$C and $^{14}$N have been determined simultaneously via the ($d$,$p$) reaction at 10 MeV/u. The difference between the neutron and proton separation energies, $ΔS$, is around $-20$ MeV for the $^{14}$C$+$$n$ system and $+8$ MeV for $^{14}$N$+$$n$. The population of the $1s_{1/2}$ and $0d_{5/2}$ orbitals for both systems is reduced by a factor of approximately 0.5 compared to the independent single-particle model, or about 0.6 when compared to the shell model. This finding strongly contrasts with results deduced from intermediate-energy knockout reactions between similar nuclei on targets of $^{9}$Be and $^{12}$C. The simultaneous technique used removes many systematic uncertainties.
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Submitted 5 July, 2022;
originally announced July 2022.
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Evidence of a near-threshold resonance in $^{11}$B relevant to the $β$-delayed proton emission of $^{11}$Be
Authors:
Y. Ayyad,
W. Mittig,
T. Tang,
B. Olaizola,
G. Potel,
N. Rijal,
N. Watwood,
H. Alvarez-Pol,
D. Bazin,
M. Caamaño,
J. Chen,
M. Cortesi,
B. Fernández-Domínguez,
S. Giraud,
P. Gueye,
S. Heinitz,
R. Jain,
B. P. Kay,
E. A. Maugeri,
B. Monteagudo,
F. Ndayisabye,
S. N. Paneru,
J. Pereira,
E. Rubino,
C. Santamaria
, et al. (5 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
A narrow near-threshold proton-emitting resonance (Ex = 11.4 MeV, J$^π$ = 1/2$^{+}$ and $Γ_{p}$ = 4.4 keV) was directly observed in $^{11}$B via proton resonance scattering. This resonance was previously inferred in the $β$-delayed proton emission of the neutron halo nucleus $^{11}$Be. The good agreement between both experimental results serves as a ground to confirm the existence of such exotic d…
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A narrow near-threshold proton-emitting resonance (Ex = 11.4 MeV, J$^π$ = 1/2$^{+}$ and $Γ_{p}$ = 4.4 keV) was directly observed in $^{11}$B via proton resonance scattering. This resonance was previously inferred in the $β$-delayed proton emission of the neutron halo nucleus $^{11}$Be. The good agreement between both experimental results serves as a ground to confirm the existence of such exotic decay and the particular behavior of weakly bound nuclei coupled to the continuum. $R$-matrix analysis shows a sizable partial decay width for both, proton and $α$ emission channels.
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Submitted 10 May, 2022;
originally announced May 2022.
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In-flight production of an isomeric beam of $^{16}$N
Authors:
C. R. Hoffman,
T. L. Tang,
M. Avila,
Y. Ayyad,
K. W. Brown,
J. Chen,
K. A. Chipps,
H. Jayatissa,
B. P. Kay,
C. Müller-Gatermann,
H. J. Ong,
J. Song,
G. L. Wilson
Abstract:
An in-flight beam of $^{16}$N was produced via the single-neutron adding ($d$,$p$) reaction in inverse kinematics at the recently upgraded Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System (ATLAS) in-flight system. The amount of the $^{16}$N beam which resided in its excited 0.120-MeV $J^π=0^-$ isomeric state (T$_{1/2}\approx5$ $μ$s) was determined to be 40(5)% at a reaction energy of 7.9(3) MeV/$u$, and 2…
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An in-flight beam of $^{16}$N was produced via the single-neutron adding ($d$,$p$) reaction in inverse kinematics at the recently upgraded Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System (ATLAS) in-flight system. The amount of the $^{16}$N beam which resided in its excited 0.120-MeV $J^π=0^-$ isomeric state (T$_{1/2}\approx5$ $μ$s) was determined to be 40(5)% at a reaction energy of 7.9(3) MeV/$u$, and 24(2)% at a reaction energy of 13.2(2) MeV/$u$. The isomer measurements took place at an experimental station $\approx30$ m downstream of the production target and utilized an Al beam-stopping foil and a HPGe Clover detector. Composite $^{16}$N beam rate determinations were made at the experimental station and the focal plane of the Argonne in-flight radioactive ion-beam separator (RAISOR) with Si $Δ$E-E telescopes. A Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) approach was coupled with the known spectroscopic information on $^{16}$N in order to estimate the relative $^{16}$N isomer yields and composite $^{16}$N beam rates. In addition to the observed reaction-energy dependence of the isomer fraction, a large sensitivity to angular acceptance of the recoils was also observed.
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Submitted 15 April, 2022; v1 submitted 27 January, 2022;
originally announced February 2022.
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BoxScore -- A real-time beam-diagnosis program for CAEN digitizer x730 series
Authors:
T. L. Tang
Abstract:
BoxScore is a real-time beam diagnosis and monitoring program for the CAEN x730 series digitizer that was developed for the ATLAS in-flight facility at Argonne National Laboratory. The CAEN x730 series digitizer, with built-in Digital Pulse Processing for the Pulse-Height-Analysis, can analyze the input signal in real-time using a trapezoidal filter. BoxScore reads the digitizer's buffer directly,…
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BoxScore is a real-time beam diagnosis and monitoring program for the CAEN x730 series digitizer that was developed for the ATLAS in-flight facility at Argonne National Laboratory. The CAEN x730 series digitizer, with built-in Digital Pulse Processing for the Pulse-Height-Analysis, can analyze the input signal in real-time using a trapezoidal filter. BoxScore reads the digitizer's buffer directly, builds and saves events to local files, plots filled histograms for particle identification, and outputs the rates of selected isotopes every second. Implementation of BoxScore has shortened the time needed for in-flight beam-tuning and has potential applications for other nuclear physics experiments.
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Submitted 20 December, 2021;
originally announced December 2021.
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Study of the Isomeric State in $^{16}$N Using the $^{16}$N$^{g,m}$($d$,$^3$He) Reaction
Authors:
T. L. Tang,
C. R. Hoffman,
B. P. Kay,
I. A. Tolstukhin,
S. Almaraz-Calderon,
B. W. Asher,
M. L. Avila,
Y. Ayyad,
K. W. Brown,
D. Bazin,
J. Chen,
K. A. Chipps,
P. A. Copp,
M. Hall,
H. Jayatissa,
H. J. Ong,
D. Santiago-Gonzalez,
D. K. Sharp,
J. Song,
S. Stolze,
G. L. Wilson,
J. Wu
Abstract:
The isomeric state of $^{16}$N was studied using the $^{16}$N$^{g,m}$($d$,$^3$He)~proton-removal reactions at \mbox{11.8~MeV/$u$} in inverse kinematics. The $^{16}$N beam, of which 24% was in the isomeric state, was produced using the ATLAS in-fight facility and delivered to the HELIOS spectrometer, which was used to analyze the $^{3}$He ions from the ($d$,$^{3}$He) reactions. The simultaneous mea…
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The isomeric state of $^{16}$N was studied using the $^{16}$N$^{g,m}$($d$,$^3$He)~proton-removal reactions at \mbox{11.8~MeV/$u$} in inverse kinematics. The $^{16}$N beam, of which 24% was in the isomeric state, was produced using the ATLAS in-fight facility and delivered to the HELIOS spectrometer, which was used to analyze the $^{3}$He ions from the ($d$,$^{3}$He) reactions. The simultaneous measurement of reactions on both the ground and isomeric states, reduced the systematic uncertainties from the experiment and in the analysis. A direct and reliable comparison of the relative spectroscopic factors was made based on a Distorted-Wave Born Approximation approach. The experimental results suggest that the isomeric state of $^{16}$N is an excited neutron-halo state. The results can be understood through calculations using a Woods-Saxon potential model, which captures the effects of weak-binding.
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Submitted 21 July, 2022; v1 submitted 20 December, 2021;
originally announced December 2021.
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Consistency of nucleon-transfer sum rules in well-deformed nuclei
Authors:
B. P. Kay,
J. P. Schiffer,
S. J. Freeman,
T. L. Tang,
B. D. Cropper,
T. Faestermann,
R. Hertenberger,
J. M. Keatings,
P. T. MacGregor,
J. F. Smith,
H. -F. Wirth
Abstract:
Nucleon-transfer sum rules have been assessed via a consistent reanalysis of cross-section data from neutron-adding ($d$,$p$) and -removing ($d$,$t$) reactions on well-deformed isotopes of Gd, Dy, Er, Yb, and W, with $92\leq N\leq108$, studied at the Niels Bohr Institute in the 1960s and 1970s. These are complemented by new measurements of cross sections using the ($d$,$p$), ($d$,$t$), and ($p$,…
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Nucleon-transfer sum rules have been assessed via a consistent reanalysis of cross-section data from neutron-adding ($d$,$p$) and -removing ($d$,$t$) reactions on well-deformed isotopes of Gd, Dy, Er, Yb, and W, with $92\leq N\leq108$, studied at the Niels Bohr Institute in the 1960s and 1970s. These are complemented by new measurements of cross sections using the ($d$,$p$), ($d$,$t$), and ($p$,$d$) reactions on a subset of these nuclei. The sum rules, defined in a Nilsson-model framework, are remarkably consistent. A single overall normalization is used in the analysis, which appears to be sensitive to assumptions about the reaction mechanism, and in the case of sums using the ($d$,$t$) reaction, differs from values determined from reactions on spherical systems.
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Submitted 17 September, 2020;
originally announced September 2020.
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First Exploration of Neutron Shell Structure Below Lead and Beyond $\boldsymbol{N=126}$
Authors:
T. L. Tang,
B. P. Kay,
C. R. Hoffman,
J. P. Schiffer,
D. K. Sharp,
L. P. Gaffney,
S. J. Freeman,
M. R. Mumpower,
A. Arokiaraj,
E. F. Baader,
P. A. Butler,
W. N. Catford,
G. de Angelis,
F. Flavigny,
M. D. Gott,
E. T. Gregor,
J. Konki,
M. Labiche,
I. H. Lazurus,
P. T. MacGregor,
I. Martel,
R. D. Page,
Zs. Podolyák,
O. Poleshchuk,
R. Raabe
, et al. (4 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The nuclei below lead but with more than 126 neutrons are crucial to an understanding of the astrophysical $r$-process in producing nuclei heavier than $A\sim190$. Despite their importance, the structure and properties of these nuclei remain experimentally untested as they are difficult to produce in nuclear reactions with stable beams. In a first exploration of the shell structure of this region,…
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The nuclei below lead but with more than 126 neutrons are crucial to an understanding of the astrophysical $r$-process in producing nuclei heavier than $A\sim190$. Despite their importance, the structure and properties of these nuclei remain experimentally untested as they are difficult to produce in nuclear reactions with stable beams. In a first exploration of the shell structure of this region, neutron excitations in $^{207}$Hg have been probed using the neutron-adding ($d$,$p$) reaction in inverse kinematics. The radioactive beam of $^{206}$Hg was delivered to the new ISOLDE Solenoidal Spectrometer at an energy above the Coulomb barrier. The spectroscopy of $^{207}$Hg marks a first step in improving our understanding of the relevant structural properties of nuclei involved in a key part of the path of the $r$-process.
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Submitted 3 January, 2020;
originally announced January 2020.
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Dominance of tensor correlations in high-momentum nucleon pairs studied by (p,pd) reaction
Authors:
S. Terashima,
L. Yu,
H. J. Ong,
I. Tanihata,
S. Adachi,
N. Aoi,
P. Y. Chan,
H. Fujioka,
M. Fukuda,
H. Geissel,
G. Gey,
J. Golak,
E. Haettner,
C. Iwamoto,
T. Kawabata,
H. Kamada,
X. Y. Le,
H. Sakaguchi,
A. Sakaue,
C. Scheidenberger,
R. Skibinski,
B. H. Sun,
A. Tamii,
T. L. Tang,
D. T. Tran
, et al. (7 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The isospin character of p-n pairs at large relative momentum has been observed for the first time in the 16O ground state. A strong population of the J,T=1,0 state and a very weak population of the J,T=0,1 state were observed in neutron pick up domain of 16O(p,pd) at 392 MeV. This strong isospin dependence at large momentum transfer is not reproduced by the distorted-wave impulse approximation ca…
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The isospin character of p-n pairs at large relative momentum has been observed for the first time in the 16O ground state. A strong population of the J,T=1,0 state and a very weak population of the J,T=0,1 state were observed in neutron pick up domain of 16O(p,pd) at 392 MeV. This strong isospin dependence at large momentum transfer is not reproduced by the distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations with known spectroscopic amplitudes. The results indicate the presence of high-momentum protons and neutrons induced by the tensor interactions in ground state of 16O.
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Submitted 9 November, 2018; v1 submitted 5 November, 2018;
originally announced November 2018.
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How different is the core of $^{25}$F from $^{24}$O$_{g.s.}$?
Authors:
T. L. Tang,
T. Uesaka,
S. Kawase,
D. Beaumel,
M. Dozono,
T. Fujii,
N. Fukuda,
T. Fukunaga,
A. Galindo-Uribarri,
S. H. Hwang,
N. Inabe,
D. Kameda,
T. Kawahara,
W. Kim,
K. Kisamori,
M. Kobayashi,
T. Kubo,
Y. Kubota,
K. Kusaka,
C. S. Lee,
Y. Maeda,
H. Matsubara,
S. Michimasa,
H. Miya,
T. Noro
, et al. (22 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The neutron-shell structure of $^{25}$F was studied using quasi-free (p,2p) knockout reaction at 270A MeV in inverse kinematics. The sum of spectroscopic factors of $π$0d$_{5/2}$ orbital is found to be $1.0 \pm 0.3$. However, the spectroscopic factor for the ground-state to ground-state transition ($^{25}$F, $^{24}$O$_{g.s.}$) is only $0.36\pm 0.13$, and $^{24}$O excited states are produced from t…
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The neutron-shell structure of $^{25}$F was studied using quasi-free (p,2p) knockout reaction at 270A MeV in inverse kinematics. The sum of spectroscopic factors of $π$0d$_{5/2}$ orbital is found to be $1.0 \pm 0.3$. However, the spectroscopic factor for the ground-state to ground-state transition ($^{25}$F, $^{24}$O$_{g.s.}$) is only $0.36\pm 0.13$, and $^{24}$O excited states are produced from the 0d$_{5/2}$ proton knockout. The result shows that the $^{24}$O core of $^{25}$F nucleus significantly differs from a free $^{24}$O nucleus, and the core consists of 35% $^{24}$O$_{g.s}$. and 65% excited $^{24}$O.
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Submitted 23 October, 2018;
originally announced October 2018.
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Multi-layer plastic scintillation detector for intermediate- and high-energy neutrons with $\it{n}$-$γ$ discrimination capability
Authors:
L. Yu,
S. Terashima,
H. J. Ong,
P. Y. Chan,
I. Tanihata,
C. Iwamoto,
D. T. Tran,
A. Tamii,
N. Aoi,
H. Fujioka,
G. Gey,
H. Sakaguchi,
A. Sakaue,
B. H. Sun,
T. L. Tang,
T. F. Wang,
Y. N. Watanabe,
G. X. Zhang
Abstract:
A new type of neutron detector, named Stack Structure Solid organic Scintillator (S$^4$), consisting of multi-layer plastic scintillators with capability to suppress low-energy $γ$ rays under high-counting rate has been constructed and tested. To achieve $\it{n}$-$γ$ discrimination, we exploit the difference in the ranges of the secondary charged particles produced by the interactions of neutrons…
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A new type of neutron detector, named Stack Structure Solid organic Scintillator (S$^4$), consisting of multi-layer plastic scintillators with capability to suppress low-energy $γ$ rays under high-counting rate has been constructed and tested. To achieve $\it{n}$-$γ$ discrimination, we exploit the difference in the ranges of the secondary charged particles produced by the interactions of neutrons and $γ$ rays in the scintillator material. The thickness of a plastic scintillator layer was determined based on the results of Monte Carlo simulations using the Geant4 toolkit. With layer thicknesses of 5 mm, we have achieved a good separation between neutrons and $γ$ rays at 5 MeV$_{\rm ee}$ threshold setting. We have also determined the detection efficiencies using monoenergetic neutrons at two energies produced by the $\it{d}$+$\it{d}\to\it{n}$+$^{3}$He reaction. The results agree well with the Geant4 simulations implementing the Li$\grave{\rm e}$ge Intranuclear Cascade hadronic model (INCL++) and the high-precision model of low-energy neutron interactions (NeutronHP).
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Submitted 27 July, 2017;
originally announced July 2017.