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Precision masses of neutron-rich platinum and gold nuclei reveal enhanced $N=126$ shell strength below doubly-magic $^{208}$Pb
Authors:
David Freire-Fernández,
Rui-Jiu Chen,
Usama Ahmed,
Helena M. Albers,
Jelena Bardak,
Carsten Brandau,
Jeroen P. Bormans,
R. Burcu Cakirli,
Rikel Chakma,
Maeve Cockshutt,
Iris Dillmann,
Dmytro Dmytriiev,
Siddharth Doshi,
Carlo Forconi,
Oliver Forstner,
Wenwen Ge,
Jan Glorius,
Magdalena Gòrska,
Chris J. Griffin,
Alexandre Gumberidze,
Regina Hess,
Pierre-Michel Hillenbrand,
Nicolas J. Hubbard,
Calum Jones,
Beatriz Jurado
, et al. (41 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The heaviest stable nuclei in the universe owe their existence to quantum shell structure, the grouping of protons and neutrons into discrete energy levels separated by gaps. The largest known neutron shell gap in stable nuclei, at $N=126$, stabilizes doubly-magic $^{208}$Pb and is responsible for the characteristic abundance peak of heavy elements near gold and platinum produced by the rapid neut…
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The heaviest stable nuclei in the universe owe their existence to quantum shell structure, the grouping of protons and neutrons into discrete energy levels separated by gaps. The largest known neutron shell gap in stable nuclei, at $N=126$, stabilizes doubly-magic $^{208}$Pb and is responsible for the characteristic abundance peak of heavy elements near gold and platinum produced by the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process). Whether this shell gap persists as protons are removed from lead is a question central to both nuclear structure and the modeling of heavy-element synthesis, yet it has remained unanswered due to the extraordinary difficulty of producing the relevant neutron-rich nuclei. Direct experimental knowledge in this region was essentially absent. Here we report the first precision mass measurements of $^{203,204}$Pt and $^{204,205,206}$Au, performed at GSI using a novel combination of Schottky and isochronous mass spectrometry in a heavy-ion storage ring. The $N=126$ isotones $^{204}$Pt and $^{205}$Au are more strongly bound than the extrapolated trend of the previously known mass surface by 403 and 464~keV, respectively, revealing an unexpectedly enhanced $N=126$ shell strength below doubly-magic $^{208}$Pb. Furthermore, the proton-neutron interaction strength exhibits a hitherto unobserved bifurcation at $N=126$ as protons are removed from $^{208}$Pb. Our results redefine the nuclear mass surface in the neutron-rich heavy-element region and provide direct experimental benchmarks for theoretical models whose extrapolations toward more exotic nuclei are essential for r-process nucleosynthesis calculations.
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Submitted 12 July, 2026;
originally announced July 2026.
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Surrogate neutron-capture studies with fission detection in inverse kinematics at the ESR storage ring
Authors:
Bogusław Włoch,
Camille Berthelot,
Guy Leckenby,
Beatriz Jurado,
Jerome Pibernat,
Manfred Grieser,
Jan Glorius,
Yuri A. Litvinov,
Laurent Audouin,
Bertram Blank,
Lucas Bégué--Guillou,
Alex Cobo Zarzuelo,
Sophia Florence Dellmann,
Marc Dupuis,
Oliver Forstner,
Alexis Francheteau,
David Freire Fernández,
Miki Fukutome,
Mathias Gerbaux,
Jérôme Giovinazzo,
Alexandre Gumberidze,
Andreas Heinz,
Ana Henriques,
Regina Hess,
Indu Jangid
, et al. (17 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The NECTAR (Nuclear rEaCTions At storage Rings) experiment at the ESR heavy-ion storage ring at GSI/FAIR Darmstadt is dedicated to surrogate reaction studies of neutron-induced reactions on heavy nuclei in inverse kinematics. In this work, we report on the implementation and performance of a newly developed fission-fragment detection system integrated into the NECTAR experimental setup. The upgrad…
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The NECTAR (Nuclear rEaCTions At storage Rings) experiment at the ESR heavy-ion storage ring at GSI/FAIR Darmstadt is dedicated to surrogate reaction studies of neutron-induced reactions on heavy nuclei in inverse kinematics. In this work, we report on the implementation and performance of a newly developed fission-fragment detection system integrated into the NECTAR experimental setup. The upgraded detector configuration enables, for the first time in a surrogate experiment, the simultaneous detection ofgamma-decay residues, multi-neutron-emission residues, and fission fragments. The full setup was used for the first time in an experiment where a stored beam of bare 238U92+ ions at 17.24 MeV/u interacted with a gas-jet deuterium target, populating excited 238U and 239U nuclei via the 238U(d,d') and 238U(d,p) reactions. We describe the geometry of the used fission fragment detectors, design constraints, and simulation-based efficiency determination. The target-like particle identification and beam-like residue spectra demonstrating the performance of the complete setup are also shown.
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Submitted 20 May, 2026; v1 submitted 23 February, 2026;
originally announced February 2026.
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First Proton-Induced Cross Sections on a Stored Rare Ion Beam: Measurement of 118Te(p,γ) for Explosive Nucleosynthesis
Authors:
F. Dellmann,
J. Glorius,
Yu. A. Litvinov,
R. Reifarth,
L. Varga,
M. Aliotta,
F. Amjad,
K. Blaum,
L. Bott,
C. Brandau,
B. Brückner,
C. G. Bruno,
R. -J. Chen,
T. Davinson,
T. Dickel,
I. Dillmann,
D. Dmytriev,
P. Erbacher,
O. Forstner,
D. Freire-Fernández,
H. Geissel,
K. Göbel,
C. J. Griffin,
R. E. Grisenti,
A. Gumberidze
, et al. (53 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present the first nuclear cross-section measurements of (p,γ) and (p,n) reactions on 118Te at energies relevant for the γ-process nucleosynthesis. Absolute cross-section values for center-of-mass energies of 6, 7 and 10 MeV are provided, together with a theoretical extrapolation to the Gamow window. This experiment marks the first time that direct proton-induced reactions have been measured on…
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We present the first nuclear cross-section measurements of (p,γ) and (p,n) reactions on 118Te at energies relevant for the γ-process nucleosynthesis. Absolute cross-section values for center-of-mass energies of 6, 7 and 10 MeV are provided, together with a theoretical extrapolation to the Gamow window. This experiment marks the first time that direct proton-induced reactions have been measured on a radioactive ion beam at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI, Darmstadt. This paves the way for a large variety of measurements, delivering new constraints for explosive nucleosynthesis and for physics beyond nuclear stability.
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Submitted 9 October, 2025;
originally announced October 2025.
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Half-life determination of heavy ions in a storage ring considering feeding and depleting background processes
Authors:
R. J. Chen,
G. Leckenby,
R. S. Sidhu,
J. Glorius,
M. S. Sanjari,
Yu. A. Litvinov,
F. C. Akinci,
M. Bai,
K. Blaum,
F. Bosch,
C. Brandau,
T. Dickel,
I. Dillmann,
D. Dmytriiev,
T. Faestermann,
O. Forstner,
B. Franczak,
B. S. Gao,
H. Geissel,
R. Gernhäuser,
C. Griffin,
A. Gumberidze,
E. Haettner,
R. Heß,
P. -M. Hillenbrand
, et al. (27 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Heavy-ion storage rings have relatively large momentum acceptance which allows for multiple ion species to circulate at the same time. This needs to be considered in radioactive decay measurements of highly charged ions, where atomic charge exchange reactions can significantly alter the intensities of parent and daughter ions. In this study, we investigate this effect using the decay curves of ion…
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Heavy-ion storage rings have relatively large momentum acceptance which allows for multiple ion species to circulate at the same time. This needs to be considered in radioactive decay measurements of highly charged ions, where atomic charge exchange reactions can significantly alter the intensities of parent and daughter ions. In this study, we investigate this effect using the decay curves of ion numbers in the recent $^{205}$Tl$^{81+}$ bound-state beta decay experiment conducted using the Experimental Storage Ring at GSI Darmstadt. To understand the intricate dynamics of ion numbers, we present a set of differential equations that account for various atomic and nuclear reaction processes-bound-state beta decay, atomic electron recombination and capture, and electron ionization. By incorporating appropriate boundary conditions, we develop a set of differential equations that accurately simulate the decay curves of various simultaneously stored ions in the storage ring: $^{205}$Tl$^{81+}$, $^{205}$Pb$^{81+}$, $^{205}$Pb$^{82+}$, $^{200}$Hg$^{79+}$, and $^{200}$Hg$^{80+}$. Through a quantitative comparison between simulations and experimental data, we provide insights into the detailed reaction mechanisms governing stored heavy ions within the storage ring. Our approach effectively models charge-changing processes, reduces the complexity of the experimental setup, and provides a simpler method for measuring the decay half-lives of highly charged ions in storage rings.
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Submitted 5 June, 2025;
originally announced June 2025.
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Bayesian and Monte Carlo approaches to estimating uncertainty for the measurement of the bound-state $β$ decay of $^{205}\mathrm{Tl}^{81+}$
Authors:
G. Leckenby,
M. Trassinelli,
R. J. Chen,
R. S. Sidhu,
J. Glorius,
M. S. Sanjari,
Yu. A. Litvinov,
M. Bai,
F. Bosch,
C. Brandau,
T. Dickel,
I. Dillmann,
D. Dmytriiev,
T. Faestermann,
O. Forstner,
B. Franczak,
H. Geissel,
R. Gernhaeuser,
B. S. Gao,
C. J. Griffin,
A. Gumberidze,
E. Haettner,
R. Hess,
P. -M. Hillenbrand,
P. Kienle
, et al. (25 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The measurement of the bound-state $β$ decay of $^{205}\mathrm{Tl}^{81+}$ at the Experimental Storage Ring at GSI, Darmstadt, has recently been reported with substantial impact on the use of $^{205}\mathrm{Pb}$ as an early Solar System chronometer and the low-energy measurement of the solar neutrino spectrum via the LOREX project. Due to the technical challenges in producing a high-purity…
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The measurement of the bound-state $β$ decay of $^{205}\mathrm{Tl}^{81+}$ at the Experimental Storage Ring at GSI, Darmstadt, has recently been reported with substantial impact on the use of $^{205}\mathrm{Pb}$ as an early Solar System chronometer and the low-energy measurement of the solar neutrino spectrum via the LOREX project. Due to the technical challenges in producing a high-purity $^{205}\mathrm{Tl}^{81+}$ secondary beam, a robust statistical method needed to be developed to estimate the variation in the contaminant $^{205}\mathrm{Pb}^{81+}$ produced in the fragmentation reaction, which was subsequently transmitted and stored in the ESR. Here we show that Bayesian and Monte Carlo methods produced comparable estimates for the contaminant variation, each with unique advantages and challenges given the complex statistical problems for this experiment. We recommend the adoption of such methods in future experiments that exhibit unknown statistical fluctuations.
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Submitted 11 June, 2025; v1 submitted 28 March, 2025;
originally announced March 2025.
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Investigation of Direct Nuclear Reactions in a Storage Ring Using In-Ring Detection
Authors:
J. C. Zamora,
T. Aumann,
S. Bagchi,
S. Bishop,
M. Bo,
S. Bonig,
C. Brandau,
M. Csatlos,
T. Davinson,
I. Dillmann,
C. Dimopoulou,
D. T. Doherty,
P. Egelhof,
V. Eremin,
A. Estrade,
A. Evdokimovc,
J. L. Ferreira,
T. Furuno,
H. Geissel,
R. Gernhauser,
A. Gumberidze,
M. N. Harakeh,
A. -L. Hartig,
M. Heil,
S. Ilieva
, et al. (40 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
\textbf{Background:} Experiments involving nuclear reactions in a storage ring offer exceptional possibilities for precise measurements in inverse kinematics. These experiments provide excellent angular and energy resolution by particle spectroscopy, in addition to high luminosities. However, the extremely low-pressure environment maintained in the storage rings poses significant difficulties for…
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\textbf{Background:} Experiments involving nuclear reactions in a storage ring offer exceptional possibilities for precise measurements in inverse kinematics. These experiments provide excellent angular and energy resolution by particle spectroscopy, in addition to high luminosities. However, the extremely low-pressure environment maintained in the storage rings poses significant difficulties for experiments employing detectors or any outgassing material in the ring.
\textbf{Purpose:} To investigate nuclear reactions in inverse kinematics using the storage-ring technique. The reactions were induced by scattering of a ${}^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ beam off a hydrogen target at an energy of 50~MeV/u.
\textbf{Method:} A beam of fully stripped ${}^{20}$Ne ions was injected into the ESR storage ring at an energy of 50 MeV/u. The beam interacted with an internal hydrogen gas-jet target. An ultra-high vacuum compatible detector setup was installed around the gas jet inside the ring to measure the recoiling particles generated by nuclear reactions.
\textbf{Results:} Multiple reaction channels were observed during the experiment. In particular, we present the results from studies on elastic and inelastic scattering, as well as the neutron transfer reaction ${}^{20}\mathrm{Ne}(p,d){}^{19}\mathrm{Ne}^*$. The experimental data were compared to calculations that took into account the most significant excited states, using a coupled-reaction channel approach. A very good agreement with the experimental data was achieved.
\textbf{Conclusions:} The present results are the first demonstration of the investigation transfer reactions using detectors directly installed in the ring. This provides an important proof-of-principle for prospective studies with far-from-stability radioactive beams in the future.
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Submitted 6 March, 2025;
originally announced March 2025.
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Bound-State Beta Decay of $\mathbf{\mathrm{^{205}{Tl}^{81+}}}$ Ions and the LOREX Project
Authors:
R. S. Sidhu,
G. Leckenby,
R. J. Chen,
R. Mancino,
Yu. A. Litvinov,
G. Martínez-Pinedo,
G. Amthauer,
M. Bai,
K. Blaum,
B. Boev,
F. Bosch,
C. Brandau,
V. Cvetković,
T. Dickel,
I. Dillmann,
D. Dmytriiev,
T. Faestermann,
O. Forstner,
B. Franczak,
H. Geissel,
R. Gernhäuser,
J. Glorius,
C. Griffin,
A. Gumberidze,
E. Haettner
, et al. (33 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Stable $^{205}$Tl ions have the lowest known energy threshold for capturing electron neutrinos ($ν_e$) of ${ E}_{ν_e}\ge50.6$\,keV. The Lorandite Experiment (LOREX), proposed in the 1980s, aims at obtaining the longtime averaged solar neutrino flux by utilizing natural deposits of Tl-bearing lorandite ores. To determine the $ν_e$ capture cross section, it is required to know the strength of the we…
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Stable $^{205}$Tl ions have the lowest known energy threshold for capturing electron neutrinos ($ν_e$) of ${ E}_{ν_e}\ge50.6$\,keV. The Lorandite Experiment (LOREX), proposed in the 1980s, aims at obtaining the longtime averaged solar neutrino flux by utilizing natural deposits of Tl-bearing lorandite ores. To determine the $ν_e$ capture cross section, it is required to know the strength of the weak transition connecting the ground state of $^{205}$Tl and the 2.3 keV first excited state in $^{205}$Pb. The only way to experimentally address this transition is to measure the bound-state beta decay ($β_{b}$) of fully ionized $\mathrm{^{205}Tl^{81+}}$ ions. After three decades of meticulous preparation, the half-life of the $β_{b}$ decay of $\mathrm{^{205}Tl^{81+}}$ has been measured to be $291_{-27}^{+33}$ days using the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI, Darmstadt. The longer measured half-life compared to theoretical estimates reduces the expected signal-to-noise ratio in the LOREX, thus challenging its feasibility.
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Submitted 10 January, 2025;
originally announced January 2025.
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High-temperature $^{205}$Tl decay clarifies $^{205}$Pb dating in early Solar System
Authors:
G. Leckenby,
R. S. Sidhu,
R. J. Chen,
R. Mancino,
B. Szányi,
M. Bai,
U. Battino,
K. Blaum,
C. Brandau,
S. Cristallo,
T. Dickel,
I. Dillmann,
D. Dmytriiev,
T. Faestermann,
O. Forstner,
B. Franczak,
H. Geissel,
R. Gernhäuser,
J. Glorius,
C. Griffin,
A. Gumberidze,
E. Haettner,
P. -M. Hillenbrand,
A. Karakas,
T. Kaur
, et al. (34 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Radioactive nuclei with lifetimes on the order of millions of years can reveal the formation history of the Sun and active nucleosynthesis occurring at the time and place of its birth. Among such nuclei whose decay signatures are found in the oldest meteorites, $^{205}$Pb is a powerful example, as it is produced exclusively by slow neutron captures (the s process), with most being synthesized in a…
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Radioactive nuclei with lifetimes on the order of millions of years can reveal the formation history of the Sun and active nucleosynthesis occurring at the time and place of its birth. Among such nuclei whose decay signatures are found in the oldest meteorites, $^{205}$Pb is a powerful example, as it is produced exclusively by slow neutron captures (the s process), with most being synthesized in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. However, making accurate abundance predictions for $^{205}$Pb has so far been impossible because the weak decay rates of $^{205}$Pb and $^{205}$Tl are very uncertain at stellar temperatures. To constrain these decay rates, we measured for the first time the bound-state $β^-$ decay of fully ionized $^{205}$Tl$^{81+}$, an exotic decay mode that only occurs in highly charged ions. The measured half-life is 4.7 times longer than the previous theoretical estimate and our 10% experimental uncertainty has eliminated the main nuclear-physics limitation. With new, experimentally backed decay rates, we used AGB stellar models to calculate $^{205}$Pb yields. Propagating those yields with basic galactic chemical evolution (GCE) and comparing with the $^{205}$Pb/$^{204}$Pb ratio from meteorites, we determined the isolation time of solar material inside its parent molecular cloud. We find positive isolation times that are consistent with the other s-process short-lived radioactive nuclei found in the early Solar System. Our results reaffirm the site of the Sun's birth as a long-lived, giant molecular cloud and support the use of the $^{205}$Pb--$^{205}$Tl decay system as a chronometer in the early Solar System.
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Submitted 13 November, 2024;
originally announced November 2024.
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First simultaneous measurement of the gamma-ray and neutron emission probabilities in inverse kinematics at a heavy-ion storage ring
Authors:
M. Sguazzin,
B. Jurado,
J. Pibernat,
J. A. Swartz,
M. Grieser,
J. Glorius,
Yu. A. Litvinov,
C. Berthelot,
B. Włoch,
J. Adamczewski-Musch,
P. Alfaurt,
P. Ascher,
L. Audouin,
B. Blank,
K. Blaum,
B. Brückner,
S. Dellmann,
I. Dillmann,
C. Domingo-Pardo,
M. Dupuis,
P. Erbacher,
M. Flayol,
O. Forstner,
D. Freire-Fernández,
M. Gerbaux
, et al. (28 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The probabilities for gamma-ray and particle emission as a function of the excitation energy of a decaying nucleus are valuable observables for constraining the ingredients of the models that describe the de-excitation of nuclei near the particle emission threshold. These models are essential in nuclear astrophysics and applications. In this work, we have for the first time simultaneously measured…
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The probabilities for gamma-ray and particle emission as a function of the excitation energy of a decaying nucleus are valuable observables for constraining the ingredients of the models that describe the de-excitation of nuclei near the particle emission threshold. These models are essential in nuclear astrophysics and applications. In this work, we have for the first time simultaneously measured the gamma-ray and neutron emission probabilities of 208Pb. The measurement was performed in inverse kinematics at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) of the GSI/FAIR facility, where a 208Pb beam interacted through the 208Pb(p,p') reaction with a hydrogen gas jet target. Instead of detecting the gamma-rays and neutrons emitted by 208Pb, we detected the heavy beam-like residues produced after gamma and neutron emission. These heavy residues were fully separated by a dipole magnet of the ESR and were detected with outstanding efficiencies. The comparison of the measured probabilities with model calculations has allowed us to test and select different descriptions of the gamma-ray strength function and the nuclear level density available in the literature.
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Submitted 4 November, 2024; v1 submitted 19 July, 2024;
originally announced July 2024.
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First measurement of the neutron-emission probability with a surrogate reaction in inverse kinematics at a heavy-ion storage ring
Authors:
M. Sguazzin,
B. Jurado,
J. Pibernat,
J. A. Swartz,
M. Grieser,
J. Glorius,
Yu. A. Litvinov,
J. Adamczewski-Musch,
P. Alfaurt,
P. Ascher,
L. Audouin,
C. Berthelot,
B. Blank,
K. Blaum,
B. Brückner,
S. Dellmann,
I. Dillmann,
C. Domingo-Pardo,
M. Dupuis,
P. Erbacher,
M. Flayol,
O. Forstner,
D. Freire-Fernández,
M. Gerbaux,
J. Giovinazzo
, et al. (28 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Neutron-induced reaction cross sections of short-lived nuclei are imperative to understand the origin of heavy elements in stellar nucleosynthesis and for societal applications, but their measurement is extremely complicated due to the radioactivity of the targets involved. One way of overcoming this issue is to combine surrogate reactions with the unique possibilities offered by heavy-ion storage…
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Neutron-induced reaction cross sections of short-lived nuclei are imperative to understand the origin of heavy elements in stellar nucleosynthesis and for societal applications, but their measurement is extremely complicated due to the radioactivity of the targets involved. One way of overcoming this issue is to combine surrogate reactions with the unique possibilities offered by heavy-ion storage rings. In this work, we describe the first surrogate-reaction experiment in inverse kinematics, which we successfully conducted at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) of the GSI/FAIR facility, using the 208Pb(p,p') reaction as a surrogate for neutron capture on 207Pb. Thanks to the outstanding detection efficiencies possible at the ESR, we were able to measure for the first time the neutron-emission probability as a function of the excitation energy of 208Pb. We have used this probability to select different descriptions of the gamma-ray strength function and nuclear level density, and provide reliable results for the neutron-induced radiative capture cross section of 207Pb at energies for which no experimental data exist.
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Submitted 22 July, 2024; v1 submitted 21 December, 2023;
originally announced December 2023.
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Measurement of the Isolated Nuclear Two-Photon Decay in $^{72}\mathrm{Ge}$
Authors:
D. Freire-Fernández,
W. Korten,
R. J. Chen,
S. Litvinov,
Yu. A. Litvinov,
M. S. Sanjari,
H. Weick,
F. C. Akinci,
H. M. Albers,
M. Armstrong,
A. Banerjee,
K. Blaum,
C. Brandau,
B. A. Brown,
C. G. Bruno,
J. J. Carroll,
X. Chen,
Ch. J. Chiara,
M. L. Cortes,
S. F. Dellmann,
I. Dillmann,
D. Dmytriiev,
O. Forstner,
H. Geissel,
J. Glorius
, et al. (35 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The nuclear two-photon or double-gamma ($2γ$) decay is a second-order electromagnetic process whereby a nucleus in an excited state emits two gamma rays simultaneously. To be able to directly measure the $2γ$ decay rate in the low-energy regime below the electron-positron pair-creation threshold, we combined the isochronous mode of a storage ring with Schottky resonant cavities. The newly develope…
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The nuclear two-photon or double-gamma ($2γ$) decay is a second-order electromagnetic process whereby a nucleus in an excited state emits two gamma rays simultaneously. To be able to directly measure the $2γ$ decay rate in the low-energy regime below the electron-positron pair-creation threshold, we combined the isochronous mode of a storage ring with Schottky resonant cavities. The newly developed technique can be applied to isomers with excitation energies down to $\sim100$\,keV and half-lives as short as $\sim10$\,ms. The half-life for the $2γ$ decay of the first-excited $0^+$ state in bare $^{72}\mathrm{Ge}$ ions was determined to be $23.9\left(6\right)$\,ms, which strongly deviates from expectations.
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Submitted 18 December, 2023;
originally announced December 2023.
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Storage, Accumulation and Deceleration of Secondary Beams for Nuclear Astrophysics
Authors:
J. Glorius,
Yu. A. Litvinov,
M. Aliotta,
F. Amjad,
B. Brückner,
C. G. Bruno,
R. Chen,
T. Davinson,
S. F. Dellmann,
T. Dickel,
I. Dillmann,
P. Erbacher,
O. Forstner,
H. Geissel,
C. J. Griffin,
R. Grisenti,
A. Gumberidze,
E. Haettner,
R. Hess,
P. -M. Hillenbrand,
C. Hornung,
R. Joseph,
B. Jurado,
E. Kazanseva,
R. Knöbel
, et al. (39 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Low-energy investigations on rare ion beams are often limited by the available intensity and purity of the ion species in focus. Here, we present the first application of a technique that combines in-flight production at relativistic energies with subsequent secondary beam storage, accumulation and finally deceleration to the energy of interest. Using the FRS and ESR facilities at GSI, this scheme…
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Low-energy investigations on rare ion beams are often limited by the available intensity and purity of the ion species in focus. Here, we present the first application of a technique that combines in-flight production at relativistic energies with subsequent secondary beam storage, accumulation and finally deceleration to the energy of interest. Using the FRS and ESR facilities at GSI, this scheme was pioneered to provide a secondary beam of $^{118}$Te$^{52+}$ for the measurement of nuclear proton-capture at energies of 6 and 7 MeV/u. The technique provided stored beam intensities of about $10^6$ ions at high purity and brilliance, representing a major step towards low-energy nuclear physics studies using rare ion beams.
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Submitted 30 May, 2023; v1 submitted 25 May, 2023;
originally announced May 2023.
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Determination of luminosity for in-ring reactions: A new approach for the low-energy domain
Authors:
Y. M. Xing,
J. Glorius,
L. Varga,
L. Bott,
C. Brandau B. Bruckner,
R. J. Chen,
X. Chen,
S. Dababneh,
T. Davinson,
P. Erbacher,
S. Fiebiger,
T. Gassner,
K. Gobel,
M. Groothuis,
A. Gumberidze,
G. Gyurky,
M. Heil,
R. Hess,
R. Hensch,
P. Hillmann,
P. -M. Hillenbrand,
O. Hinrichs,
B. Jurado,
T. Kausch,
A. Khodaparast
, et al. (37 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Luminosity is a measure of the colliding frequency between beam and target and it is a crucial parameter for the measurement of absolute values, such as reaction cross sections. In this paper, we make use of experimental data from the ESR storage ring to demonstrate that the luminosity can be precisely determined by modelling the measured Rutherford scattering distribution. The obtained results ar…
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Luminosity is a measure of the colliding frequency between beam and target and it is a crucial parameter for the measurement of absolute values, such as reaction cross sections. In this paper, we make use of experimental data from the ESR storage ring to demonstrate that the luminosity can be precisely determined by modelling the measured Rutherford scattering distribution. The obtained results are in good agreement with an independent measurement based on the x-ray normalization method. Our new method provides an alternative way to precisely measure the luminosity in low-energy stored-beam configurations. This can be of great value in particular in dedicated low-energy storage rings where established methods are difficult or impossible to apply.
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Submitted 27 August, 2020;
originally announced August 2020.
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Heavy-Ion Storage Rings and Their Use in Precision Experiments with Highly Charged Ions
Authors:
Markus Steck,
Yuri A. Litvinov
Abstract:
Storage rings have been employed over three decades in various kinds of nuclear and atomic physics experiments with highly charged ions. Storage ring operation and precision physics experiments benefit from the availability of beam cooling which is common to nearly all facilities. The basic aspects of the storage ring components and the operation of the ring in various ion-optical modes as well as…
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Storage rings have been employed over three decades in various kinds of nuclear and atomic physics experiments with highly charged ions. Storage ring operation and precision physics experiments benefit from the availability of beam cooling which is common to nearly all facilities. The basic aspects of the storage ring components and the operation of the ring in various ion-optical modes as well as the achievable beam conditions are described. Ion storage rings offer unparalleled capabilities for high precision experiments with stable and radioactive beams. The versatile techniques and methods for beam manipulations allow for preparing beams of highest quality at any energy of interest. The rings are therefore part of the experiment . Recent experiments conducted in a wide energy range and with various experimental installations are discussed. An overview of active and planned facilities, new experimental set-ups and proposed physics experiments completes this review.
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Submitted 11 March, 2020;
originally announced March 2020.
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New Test of Modulated Electron Capture Decay of Hydrogen-Like $^{142}$Pm Ions: Precision Measurement of Purely Exponential Decay
Authors:
F. C. Ozturk,
B. Akkus,
D. Atanasov,
H. Beyer,
F. Bosch,
D. Boutin,
C. Brandau,
P. Bühler,
R. B. Cakirli,
R. J. Chen,
W. D. Chen,
X. C. Chen,
I. Dillmann,
C. Dimopoulou,
W. Enders,
H. G. Essel,
T. Faestermann,
O. Forstner,
B. S. Gao,
H. Geissel,
R. Gernhäuser,
R. E. Grisenti,
A. Gumberidze,
S. Hagmann,
T. Heftrich
, et al. (70 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
An experiment addressing electron capture (EC) decay of hydrogen-like $^{142}$Pm$^{60+}$ ions has been conducted at the experimental storage ring (ESR) at GSI. The decay appears to be purely exponential and no modulations were observed. Decay times for about 9000 individual EC decays have been measured by applying the single-ion decay spectroscopy method. Both visually and automatically analysed d…
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An experiment addressing electron capture (EC) decay of hydrogen-like $^{142}$Pm$^{60+}$ ions has been conducted at the experimental storage ring (ESR) at GSI. The decay appears to be purely exponential and no modulations were observed. Decay times for about 9000 individual EC decays have been measured by applying the single-ion decay spectroscopy method. Both visually and automatically analysed data can be described by a single exponential decay with decay constants of 0.0126(7) s$^{-1}$ for automatic analysis and 0.0141(7) s$^{-1}$ for manual analysis. If a modulation superimposed on the exponential decay curve is assumed, the best fit gives a modulation amplitude of merely 0.019(15), which is compatible with zero and by 4.9 standard deviations smaller than in the original observation which had an amplitude of 0.23(4).
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Submitted 9 August, 2019; v1 submitted 16 July, 2019;
originally announced July 2019.
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Approaching the Gamow window with stored ions: Direct measurement of $^{124}$Xe(p,$γ$) in the ESR storage ring
Authors:
J. Glorius,
C. Langer,
Z. Slavkovská,
L. Bott,
C. Brandau,
B. Brückner,
K. Blaum,
X. Chen,
S. Dababneh,
T. Davinson,
P. Erbacher,
S. Fiebiger,
T. Gaßner,
K. Göbel,
M. Groothuis,
A. Gumberidze,
G. Gyürky,
M. Heil,
R. Hess,
R. Hensch,
P. Hillmann,
P. -M. Hillenbrand,
O. Hinrichs,
B. Jurado,
T. Kausch
, et al. (41 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report the first measurement of low-energy proton-capture cross sections of $^{124}$Xe in a heavy ion storage ring. $^{124}$Xe$^{54+}$ ions of five different beam energies between 5.5 AMeV and 8 AMeV were stored to collide with a windowless hydrogen target. The $^{125}$Cs reaction products were directly detected. The interaction energies are located on the high energy tail of the Gamow window f…
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We report the first measurement of low-energy proton-capture cross sections of $^{124}$Xe in a heavy ion storage ring. $^{124}$Xe$^{54+}$ ions of five different beam energies between 5.5 AMeV and 8 AMeV were stored to collide with a windowless hydrogen target. The $^{125}$Cs reaction products were directly detected. The interaction energies are located on the high energy tail of the Gamow window for hot, explosive scenarios such as supernovae and X-ray binaries. The results serve as an important test of predicted astrophysical reaction rates in this mass range. Good agreement in the prediction of the astrophysically important proton width at low energy is found, with only a 30% difference between measurement and theory. Larger deviations are found above the neutron emission threshold, where also neutron- and $γ$-widths significantly impact the cross sections. The newly established experimental method is a very powerful tool to investigate nuclear reactions on rare ion beams at low center-of-mass energies.
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Submitted 6 February, 2019;
originally announced February 2019.
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First Measurement of the $^{96}$Ru(p,$γ$)$^{97}$Rh Cross Section for the p-Process with a Storage Ring
Authors:
Bo Mei,
Thomas Aumann,
Shawn Bishop,
Klaus Blaum,
Konstanze Boretzky,
Fritz Bosch,
Carsten Brandau,
Harald Bräuning,
Thomas Davinson,
Iris Dillmann,
Christina Dimopoulou,
Olga Ershova,
Zsolt Fülöp,
Hans Geissel,
Jan Glorius,
György Gyürky,
Michael Heil,
Franz Käppeler,
Aleksandra Kelic-Heil,
Christophor Kozhuharov,
Christoph Langer,
Tudi Le Bleis,
Yuri Litvinov,
Gavin Lotay,
Justyna Marganiec
, et al. (22 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
This work presents a direct measurement of the $^{96}$Ru($p, γ$)$^{97}$Rh cross section via a novel technique using a storage ring, which opens opportunities for reaction measurements on unstable nuclei. A proof-of-principle experiment was performed at the storage ring ESR at GSI in Darmstadt, where circulating $^{96}$Ru ions interacted repeatedly with a hydrogen target. The $^{96}$Ru($p, γ$)…
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This work presents a direct measurement of the $^{96}$Ru($p, γ$)$^{97}$Rh cross section via a novel technique using a storage ring, which opens opportunities for reaction measurements on unstable nuclei. A proof-of-principle experiment was performed at the storage ring ESR at GSI in Darmstadt, where circulating $^{96}$Ru ions interacted repeatedly with a hydrogen target. The $^{96}$Ru($p, γ$)$^{97}$Rh cross section between 9 and 11 MeV has been determined using two independent normalization methods. As key ingredients in Hauser-Feshbach calculations, the $γ$-ray strength function as well as the level density model can be pinned down with the measured ($p, γ$) cross section. Furthermore, the proton optical potential can be optimized after the uncertainties from the $γ$-ray strength function and the level density have been removed. As a result, a constrained $^{96}$Ru($p, γ$)$^{97}$Rh reaction rate over a wide temperature range is recommended for $p$-process network calculations.
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Submitted 10 July, 2015;
originally announced July 2015.
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Direct mass measurements of Cd isotopes show strong shell gap at N=82
Authors:
R. Knöbel,
M. Diwisch,
F. Bosch,
D. Boutin,
L. Chen,
C. Dimopoulou,
A. Dolinskii,
B. Franczak,
B. Franzke,
H. Geissel,
M. Hausmann,
C. Kozhuharov,
J. Kurcewicz,
S. A. Litvinova,
G. Martínez-Pinedo,
M. Matoš,
M. Mazzocco,
G. Münzenberg,
S. Nakajima,
C. Nociforo,
F. Nolden,
T. Ohtsubo,
A. Ozawa,
Z. Patyk,
W. R. Plaß
, et al. (10 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
A $^{238}$U projectile beam was used to create cadmium isotopes via abrasion-fission at 410 MeV/u in a beryllium target at the entrance of the in-flight separator FRS at GSI. The fission fragments were separated with the FRS and injected into the isochronous storage ring ESR for mass measurements. The Isochronous Mass Spectrometry (IMS) was performed under two different experimental conditions, wi…
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A $^{238}$U projectile beam was used to create cadmium isotopes via abrasion-fission at 410 MeV/u in a beryllium target at the entrance of the in-flight separator FRS at GSI. The fission fragments were separated with the FRS and injected into the isochronous storage ring ESR for mass measurements. The Isochronous Mass Spectrometry (IMS) was performed under two different experimental conditions, with and without B$ρ$-tagging at the dispersive central focal plane of the FRS. In the experiment with B$ρ$-tagging the magnetic rigidity of the injected fragments was determined by an accuracy of $2\times 10^{-4}$. A new method of data analysis, using a correlation matrix for the combined data set from both experiments, has provided mass values for 25 different isotopes for the first time. The high selectivity and sensitivity of the experiment and analysis has given access even to rare isotopes detected with a few atoms per week. In this letter we present for the $^{129,130,131}$Cd isotopes mass values directly measured for the first time. The Cd results clearly show a very pronounced shell effect at $N=82$ which is in agreement with the conclusion from $γ$-ray spectroscopy of $^{130}$Cd and confirms the assumptions of modern shell-model calculations.
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Submitted 16 July, 2015;
originally announced July 2015.
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Nuclear Physics Experiments with Ion Storage Rings
Authors:
Yu. A. Litvinov,
S. Bishop,
K. Blaum,
F. Bosch,
C. Brandau,
L. X. Chen,
I. Dillmann,
P. Egelhof,
H. Geissel,
R. E. Grisenti,
S. Hagmann,
M. Heil,
A. Heinz,
N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki,
R. Knöbel,
C. Kozhuharov,
M. Lestinsky,
X. W. Ma,
T. Nilsson,
F. Nolden,
A. Ozawa,
R. Raabe,
M. W. Reed,
R. Reifarth,
M. S. Sanjari
, et al. (16 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
In the last two decades a number of nuclear structure and astrophysics experiments were performed at heavy-ion storage rings employing unique experimental conditions offered by such machines. Furthermore, building on the experience gained at the two facilities presently in operation, several new storage ring projects were launched worldwide. This contribution is intended to provide a brief review…
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In the last two decades a number of nuclear structure and astrophysics experiments were performed at heavy-ion storage rings employing unique experimental conditions offered by such machines. Furthermore, building on the experience gained at the two facilities presently in operation, several new storage ring projects were launched worldwide. This contribution is intended to provide a brief review of the fast growing field of nuclear structure and astrophysics research at storage rings.
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Submitted 28 December, 2013;
originally announced December 2013.
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High-resolution measurement of the time-modulated orbital electron capture and of the $β^+$ decay of hydrogen-like $^{142}$Pm$^{60+}$ ions
Authors:
The Two-Body-Weak-Decays Collaboration,
:,
P. Kienle,
F. Bosch,
P. Bühler,
T. Faestermann,
Yu. A. Litvinov,
M. S. Sanjari,
D. B. Shubina,
N. Winckler,
D. Atanasov,
H. Geissel,
V. Ivanova,
X. L. Yan,
D. Boutin,
C. Brandau,
I. Dillmann,
Ch. Dimopoulou,
R. Hess,
P. -M. Hillebrand,
T. Izumikawa,
R. Knöbel,
J. Kurcewicz,
N. Kuzminchuk,
M. Lestinsky
, et al. (24 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The periodic time modulations, found recently in the two-body orbital electron-capture (EC) decay of both, hydrogen-like $^{140}$Pr$^{58+}$ and $^{142}$Pm$^{60+}$ ions, with periods near to 7s and amplitudes of about 20%, were re-investigated for the case of $^{142}$Pm$^{60+}$ by using a 245 MHz resonator cavity with a much improved sensitivity and time resolution. We observed that the exponential…
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The periodic time modulations, found recently in the two-body orbital electron-capture (EC) decay of both, hydrogen-like $^{140}$Pr$^{58+}$ and $^{142}$Pm$^{60+}$ ions, with periods near to 7s and amplitudes of about 20%, were re-investigated for the case of $^{142}$Pm$^{60+}$ by using a 245 MHz resonator cavity with a much improved sensitivity and time resolution. We observed that the exponential EC decay is modulated with a period $T = 7.11(11)$s, in accordance with a modulation period $T = 7.12(11)$ s as obtained from simultaneous observations with a capacitive pick-up, employed also in the previous experiments. The modulation amplitudes amount to $a_R = 0.107(24)$ and $a_P = 0.134(27)$ for the 245 MHz resonator and the capacitive pick-up, respectively. These new results corroborate for both detectors {\it exactly} our previous findings of modulation periods near to 7s, though with {\it distinctly smaller} amplitudes. Also the three-body $β^+$ decays have been analyzed. For a supposed modulation period near to 7s we found an amplitude $a = 0.027(27)$, compatible with $a = 0$ and in agreement with the preliminary result $a = 0.030(30)$ of our previous experiment. These observations could point at weak interaction as origin of the observed 7s-modulation of the EC decay. Furthermore, the data suggest that interference terms occur in the two-body EC decay, although the neutrinos are not directly observed.
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Submitted 27 September, 2013;
originally announced September 2013.
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Schottky mass measurements of heavy neutron-rich nuclides in the element range $70\leZ \le79$ at the ESR
Authors:
D. Shubina,
R. B. Cakirli,
Yu. A. Litvinov,
K. Blaum,
C. Brandau,
F. Bosch,
J. J. Carroll,
R. F. Casten,
D. M. Cullen,
I. J. Cullen,
A. Y. Deo,
B. Detwiler,
C. Dimopoulou,
F. Farinon,
H. Geissel,
E. Haettner,
M. Heil,
R. S. Kempley,
C. Kozhuharov,
R. Knöbel,
J. Kurcewicz,
N. Kuzminchuk,
S. A. Litvinov,
Z. Liu,
R. Mao
, et al. (20 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Storage-ring mass spectrometry was applied to neutron-rich $^{197}$Au projectile fragments. Masses of $^{181,183}$Lu, $^{185,186}$Hf, $^{187,188}$Ta, $^{191}$W, and $^{192,193}$Re nuclei were measured for the first time. The uncertainty of previously known masses of $^{189,190}$W and $^{195}$Os nuclei was improved. Observed irregularities on the smooth two-neutron separation energies for Hf and W…
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Storage-ring mass spectrometry was applied to neutron-rich $^{197}$Au projectile fragments. Masses of $^{181,183}$Lu, $^{185,186}$Hf, $^{187,188}$Ta, $^{191}$W, and $^{192,193}$Re nuclei were measured for the first time. The uncertainty of previously known masses of $^{189,190}$W and $^{195}$Os nuclei was improved. Observed irregularities on the smooth two-neutron separation energies for Hf and W isotopes are linked to the collectivity phenomena in the corresponding nuclei.
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Submitted 14 August, 2013;
originally announced August 2013.
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Direct observation of long-lived isomers in $^{212}$Bi
Authors:
L. Chen,
P. M. Walker,
H. Geissel,
Yu. A. Litvinov,
K. Beckert,
P. Beller,
F. Bosch,
D. Boutin,
L. Caceres,
J. J. Carroll,
D. M. Cullen,
I. J. Cullen,
B. Franzke,
J. Gerl,
M. Górska,
G. A. Jones,
A. Kishada,
R. Knöbel,
C. Kozhuharov,
J. Kurcewicz,
S. A. Litvinov,
Z. Liu,
S. Mandal,
F. Montes,
G. Münzenberg
, et al. (18 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Long-lived isomers in 212Bi have been studied following 238U projectile fragmentation at 670 MeV per nucleon. The fragmentation products were injected as highly charged ions into the GSI storage ring, giving access to masses and half-lives. While the excitation energy of the first isomer of 212Bi was confirmed, the second isomer was observed at 1478(30) keV, in contrast to the previously accepted…
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Long-lived isomers in 212Bi have been studied following 238U projectile fragmentation at 670 MeV per nucleon. The fragmentation products were injected as highly charged ions into the GSI storage ring, giving access to masses and half-lives. While the excitation energy of the first isomer of 212Bi was confirmed, the second isomer was observed at 1478(30) keV, in contrast to the previously accepted value of >1910 keV. It was also found to have an extended Lorentz-corrected in-ring halflife >30 min, compared to 7.0(3) min for the neutral atom. Both the energy and half-life differences can be understood as being due a substantial, though previously unrecognised, internal decay branch for neutral atoms. Earlier shell-model calculations are now found to give good agreement with the isomer excitation energy. Furthermore, these and new calculations predict the existence of states at slightly higher energy that could facilitate isomer de-excitation studies.
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Submitted 3 June, 2013;
originally announced June 2013.
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Comment on the paper "Search for oscillation of the electron-capture decay probability of $^{142}$Pm" at arXiv:0807.0649v1
Authors:
Yu. A. Litvinov,
F. Bosch,
N. Winckler,
D. Boutin,
H. G. Essel,
T. Faestermann,
H. Geissel,
S. Hess,
P. Kienle,
R. Knöbel,
C. Kozhuharov,
J. Kurcewicz,
L. Maier,
K. Beckert,
C. Brandau,
L. Chen,
C. Dimopoulou,
B. Fabian,
A. Fragner,
E. Haettner,
M. Hausmann,
S. A. Litvinov,
M. Mazzocco,
F. Montes,
A. Musumarra
, et al. (14 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
It is argued that orbital electron-capture decays of neutral $^{142}$Pm atoms implanted into the lattice of a solid (LBNL experiment) do not fulfil the constraints of true two-body beta decays, since momentum as well as energy of the final state are distributed among three objects, namely the electron neutrino, the recoiling daughter atom and the lattice phonons. To our understanding, this could…
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It is argued that orbital electron-capture decays of neutral $^{142}$Pm atoms implanted into the lattice of a solid (LBNL experiment) do not fulfil the constraints of true two-body beta decays, since momentum as well as energy of the final state are distributed among three objects, namely the electron neutrino, the recoiling daughter atom and the lattice phonons. To our understanding, this could be a reason for the non-observation of a periodic time modulation in the number of electron-capture decays of implanted neutral $^{142}$Pm atoms.
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Submitted 15 July, 2008;
originally announced July 2008.
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Observation of Non-Exponential Orbital Electron Capture Decays of Hydrogen-Like $^{140}$Pr and $^{142}$Pm Ions
Authors:
Yu. A. Litvinov,
F. Bosch,
N. Winckler,
D. Boutin,
H. G. Essel,
T. Faestermann,
H. Geissel,
S. Hess,
P. Kienle,
R. Knöbel,
C. Kozhuharov,
J. Kurcewicz,
L. Maier,
K. Beckert,
P. Beller,
C. Brandau,
L. Chen,
C. Dimopoulou,
B. Fabian,
A. Fragner,
E. Haettner,
M. Hausmann,
S. A. Litvinov,
M. Mazzocco,
F. Montes
, et al. (15 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report on time-modulated two-body weak decays observed in the orbital electron capture of hydrogen-like $^{140}$Pr$^{59+}$ and $^{142}$Pm$^{60+}$ ions coasting in an ion storage ring. Using non-destructive single ion, time-resolved Schottky mass spectrometry we found that the expected exponential decay is modulated in time with a modulation period of about 7 seconds for both systems. Tentativ…
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We report on time-modulated two-body weak decays observed in the orbital electron capture of hydrogen-like $^{140}$Pr$^{59+}$ and $^{142}$Pm$^{60+}$ ions coasting in an ion storage ring. Using non-destructive single ion, time-resolved Schottky mass spectrometry we found that the expected exponential decay is modulated in time with a modulation period of about 7 seconds for both systems. Tentatively this observation is attributed to the coherent superposition of finite mass eigenstates of the electron neutrinos from the weak decay into a two-body final state.
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Submitted 14 January, 2008;
originally announced January 2008.
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Measurement of the $β^+$ and orbital electron-capture decay rates in fully-ionized, hydrogen-like, and helium-like $^{140}$Pr ions
Authors:
Yu. A. Litvinov,
F. Bosch,
H. Geissel,
J. Kurcewicz,
Z. Patyk,
N. Winckler,
L. Batist,
K. Beckert,
D. Boutin,
C. Brandau,
L. Chen,
C. Dimopoulou,
B. Fabian,
T. Faestermann,
A. Fragner,
L. Grigorenko,
E. Haettner,
S. Hess,
P. Kienle,
R. Knöbel,
C. Kozhuharov,
S. A. Litvinov,
L. Maier,
M. Mazzocco,
F. Montes
, et al. (17 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report on the first measurement of the $β^+$- and orbital electron capture decay rates of $^{140}$Pr nuclei with the most simple electron configurations: bare nuclei, hydrogen-like and helium-like ions. The measured electron capture decay constant of hydrogen-like $^{140}$Pr$^{58+}$ ions is about 50% larger than that of helium-like $^{140}$Pr$^{57+}$ ions. Moreover, $^{140}$Pr ions with one b…
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We report on the first measurement of the $β^+$- and orbital electron capture decay rates of $^{140}$Pr nuclei with the most simple electron configurations: bare nuclei, hydrogen-like and helium-like ions. The measured electron capture decay constant of hydrogen-like $^{140}$Pr$^{58+}$ ions is about 50% larger than that of helium-like $^{140}$Pr$^{57+}$ ions. Moreover, $^{140}$Pr ions with one bound electron decay faster than neutral $^{140}$Pr$^{0+}$ atoms with 59 electrons. To explain this peculiar observation one has to take into account the conservation of the total angular momentum, since only particular spin orientations of the nucleus and of the captured electron can contribute to the allowed decay.
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Submitted 23 November, 2007;
originally announced November 2007.
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New Mass and Lifetime Measurements of $^{152}$Sm Projectile Fragments with Time-Resolved Schottky Mass Spectrometry
Authors:
Yu. A. Litvinov,
F. Bosch,
H. Geissel,
H. Weick,
K. Beckert,
P. Beller,
D. Boutin,
C. Brandau,
L. Chen,
O. Klepper,
R. Knöbel,
C. Kozhuharov,
J. Kurcewicz,
S. A. Litvinov,
M. Mazzocco,
G. Münzenberg,
C. Nociforo,
F. Nolden,
W. Plaß,
C. Scheidenberger,
M. Steck,
B. Sun,
M. Winkler
Abstract:
The FRS-ESR facilities at GSI provide unique conditions for precision measurements with stored exotic nuclei over a large range in the chart of nuclides. In the present experiment the exotic nuclei were produced via fragmentation of $^{152}$Sm projectiles in a thick beryllium target at 500-600 MeV/u, separated in-flight with the fragment separator FRS, and injected into the storage-cooler ring E…
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The FRS-ESR facilities at GSI provide unique conditions for precision measurements with stored exotic nuclei over a large range in the chart of nuclides. In the present experiment the exotic nuclei were produced via fragmentation of $^{152}$Sm projectiles in a thick beryllium target at 500-600 MeV/u, separated in-flight with the fragment separator FRS, and injected into the storage-cooler ring ESR. Mass and lifetime measurements have been performed with bare and few-electron ions. The experiment and first results will be presented in this contribution.
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Submitted 15 September, 2005;
originally announced September 2005.
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Isospin Dependence in the Odd-Even Staggering of Nuclear Binding Energies
Authors:
Yu. A. Litvinov,
T. J. Buervenich,
H. Geissel,
Yu. N. Novikov,
Z. Patyk,
C. Scheidenberger,
F. Attallah,
G. Audi,
K. Beckert,
F. Bosch,
M. Falch,
B. Franzke,
M. Hausmann,
Th. Kerscher,
O. Klepper,
H. -J. Kluge,
C. Kozhuharov,
K. E. G. Loebner,
D. G. Madland,
J. A. Maruhn,
G. Muenzenberg,
F. Nolden,
T. Radon,
M. Steck,
S. Typel
, et al. (1 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The FRS-ESR facility at GSI provides unique conditions for precision measurements of large areas on the nuclear mass surface in a single experiment. Values for masses of 604 neutron-deficient nuclides (30<=Z<=92) were obtained with a typical uncertainty of 30 microunits. The masses of 114 nuclides were determined for the first time. The odd-even staggering (OES) of nuclear masses was systematica…
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The FRS-ESR facility at GSI provides unique conditions for precision measurements of large areas on the nuclear mass surface in a single experiment. Values for masses of 604 neutron-deficient nuclides (30<=Z<=92) were obtained with a typical uncertainty of 30 microunits. The masses of 114 nuclides were determined for the first time. The odd-even staggering (OES) of nuclear masses was systematically investigated for isotopic chains between the proton shell closures at Z=50 and Z=82. The results were compared with predictions of modern nuclear models. The comparison revealed that the measured trend of OES is not reproduced by the theories fitted to masses only. The spectral pairing gaps extracted from models adjusted to both masses, and density related observables of nuclei agree better with the experimental data.
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Submitted 2 August, 2005;
originally announced August 2005.