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ePIC Early Science Report
Authors:
D. Abbott,
N. Abdelrahman,
S. Abhijit,
I. Abualrob,
R. B. Achari,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
K. Adkins,
A. Affolder,
K. Agarwal,
J. Agarwala,
N. Agrawal,
C. A. Aidala,
W. Akers,
A. Al-bataineh,
S. N. Alam,
M. Alekseev,
P. R. Altieri,
J. -S. Alvarado Gallenao,
S. B. L. Amar,
R. Ammendola,
I. Amos Cali,
G. An,
D. Anderson,
E. Anderssen
, et al. (774 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
This Early Science Report from the ePIC Collaboration outlines the compelling physics program achievable during the first years of operation of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), prior to the establishment of the full design luminosity and energy range. The analyses are based on realistic early-running beam configurations and detailed Geant4 ePIC detector simulations, hit digitization and data recon…
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This Early Science Report from the ePIC Collaboration outlines the compelling physics program achievable during the first years of operation of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), prior to the establishment of the full design luminosity and energy range. The analyses are based on realistic early-running beam configurations and detailed Geant4 ePIC detector simulations, hit digitization and data reconstruction. The projected studies from the physics working groups of ePIC span inclusive, semi-inclusive, exclusive, diffractive and tagging, as well as jet and heavy flavor measurements in both electron-proton and electron-ion collisions. Even before the collider reaches its full design performance, these measurements will constrain parton distribution functions in nucleons and nuclei, access transverse-momentum-dependent and spin-dependent observables, probe gluon dynamics in nuclei, and initiate a program of imaging of quarks and gluons. Each measurement is directly connected to the core science pillars of the EIC, identified in the 2018 report by the National Academy of Sciences: understanding the origin of the nucleon mass, unraveling the spin structure of the nucleon, and exploring the emergent properties of dense gluonic matter. The results presented here provide examples that demonstrate that the early years of EIC running with ePIC will deliver novel world-leading insights into Quantum Chromodynamics. In addition, the early science program will establish measurement and analysis methodologies that will pave the way to the subsequent full EIC physics program.
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Submitted 5 August, 2026;
originally announced August 2026.
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APEIRON: composing smart TDAQ systems for high energy physics experiments
Authors:
Roberto Ammendola,
Andrea Biagioni,
Carlotta Chiarini,
Andrea Ciardiello,
Paolo Cretaro,
Ottorino Frezza,
Francesca Lo Cicero,
Alessandro Lonardo,
Michele Martinelli,
Pier Stanislao Paolucci,
Pierpaolo Perticaroli,
Cristian Rossi,
Francesco Simula,
Matteo Turisini,
Piero Vicini
Abstract:
We present APEIRON, a distributed heterogeneous processing framework comprising both hardware architecture and software stack for multi-FPGA systems. Targeting smart trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) systems in high energy physics, APEIRON spans the full software hierarchy: from low-level device drivers to a high-level dataflow programming model based on High-Level Synthesis. We describe the fra…
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We present APEIRON, a distributed heterogeneous processing framework comprising both hardware architecture and software stack for multi-FPGA systems. Targeting smart trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) systems in high energy physics, APEIRON spans the full software hierarchy: from low-level device drivers to a high-level dataflow programming model based on High-Level Synthesis. We describe the framework design, its core communication infrastructure, and a particle identification application for the NA62 experiment as a representative physics use case.
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Submitted 2 July, 2026;
originally announced July 2026.
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NET4EXA: Pioneering the Future of Interconnects for Supercomputing and AI
Authors:
Michele Martinelli,
Roberto Ammendola,
Andrea Biagioni,
Carlotta Chiarini,
Ottorino Frezza,
Francesca Lo Cicero,
Alessandro Lonardo,
Pier Stanislao Paolucci,
Elena Pastorelli,
Pierpaolo Perticaroli,
Luca Pontisso,
Cristian Rossi,
Francesco Simula,
Piero Vicini,
David Colin,
Grégoire Pichon,
Alexandre Louvet,
John Gliksberg,
Claire Chen,
Matteo Turisini,
Andrea Monterubbiano,
Jean-Philippe Nominé,
Denis Dutoit,
Hugo Taboada,
Lilia Zaourar
, et al. (19 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
NET4EXA aims to develop a next-generation high-performance interconnect for HPC and AI systems, addressing the increasing demands of large-scale infrastructures, such as those required for training Large Language Models. Building upon the proven BXI (Bull eXascale Interconnect) European technology used in TOP15 supercomputers, NET4EXA will deliver the new BXI release, BXIv3, a complete hardware an…
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NET4EXA aims to develop a next-generation high-performance interconnect for HPC and AI systems, addressing the increasing demands of large-scale infrastructures, such as those required for training Large Language Models. Building upon the proven BXI (Bull eXascale Interconnect) European technology used in TOP15 supercomputers, NET4EXA will deliver the new BXI release, BXIv3, a complete hardware and software interconnect solution, including switch and network interface components. The project will integrate a fully functional pilot system at TRL 8, ready for deployment into upcoming exascale and post-exascale systems from 2025 onward. Leveraging prior research from European initiatives like RED-SEA, the previous achievements of consortium partners and over 20 years of expertise from BULL, NET4EXA also lays the groundwork for the future generation of BXI, BXIv4, providing analysis and preliminary design. The project will use a hybrid development and co-design approach, combining commercial switch technology with custom IP and FPGA-based NICs. Performances of NET4EXA BXIv3 interconnect will be evaluated using a broad portfolio of benchmarks, scientific scalable applications, and AI workloads.
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Submitted 27 January, 2026;
originally announced January 2026.
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APEIRON: composing smart TDAQ systems for high energy physics experiments
Authors:
Roberto Ammendola,
Andrea Biagioni,
Carlotta Chiarini,
Andrea Ciardiello,
Paolo Cretaro,
Ottorino Frezza,
Francesca Lo Cicero,
Alessandro Lonardo,
Michele Martinelli,
Pier Stanislao Paolucci,
Cristian Rossi,
Francesco Simula,
Matteo Turisini,
Piero Vicini
Abstract:
APEIRON is a framework encompassing the general architecture of a distributed heterogeneous processing platform and the corresponding software stack, from the low level device drivers up to the high level programming model. The framework is designed to be efficiently used for studying, prototyping and deploying smart trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) systems for high energy physics experiments.
APEIRON is a framework encompassing the general architecture of a distributed heterogeneous processing platform and the corresponding software stack, from the low level device drivers up to the high level programming model. The framework is designed to be efficiently used for studying, prototyping and deploying smart trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) systems for high energy physics experiments.
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Submitted 3 July, 2023;
originally announced July 2023.