Showing 1–9 of 9 results for author: Crook-Mansour, J

Extreme particle acceleration in X-ray binaries is linked to their jets

Authors: Laura Olivera-Nieto, Fraser J. Cowie, Sera Markoff, Rob Fender, Justine Crook-Mansour

Abstract: The detection of multi-TeV radiation from a handful of black-hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) has positioned the source class as promising candidate to explain the cosmic-ray flux in the PeV energy range. To determine what distinguishes the systems detected in the gamma-ray range from the rest of the population, we build on existing catalogues of BHXRBs by including information on the radio and gamma-… ▽ More The detection of multi-TeV radiation from a handful of black-hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) has positioned the source class as promising candidate to explain the cosmic-ray flux in the PeV energy range. To determine what distinguishes the systems detected in the gamma-ray range from the rest of the population, we build on existing catalogues of BHXRBs by including information on the radio and gamma-ray emission from these systems. We then compare the $>100$ TeV gamma-ray luminosity to different properties of the systems and evaluate the strength of the (rank) correlation between them. Additionally, we compare the distribution of BHXRBs with the positions of unassociated gamma-ray sources in the 1LHAASO and 1HGPS catalogues. We find no correlation with the mass of the compact object, the companion mass or the inclination angle. Instead, we find evidence for a strong correlation between the gamma-ray luminosity and the radio and hard-state X-ray luminosities in our sample. The limited number of gamma-ray detections means that this correlation cannot yet be claimed as statistically significant. We find indications that a high (>20\%) duty cycle (defined as fraction of time spent in outburst) might be a requirement for $>100$ TeV gamma-ray loudness. We find significant evidence ($>3σ$) that BHXRBs are located near unassociated gamma-ray sources in the region of the sky not covered by LHAASO. This evidence is only significant when comparing to BHXRBs detected in the radio band. We conclude that radio-bright BHXRBs with a high duty cycle are more likely to be detected as gamma-ray sources than sources which are not detected in the radio band or those with low duty cycles. This result indicates that the particles responsible for the gamma-ray emission are associated with the jets, either accelerated within them or via their interaction with their surroundings. △ Less

Submitted 7 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Comments: submitted to A&A

Dense, multi-phase accretion disk atmosphere in the low-luminosity state of black hole transientV4641 Sgr

Authors: Zuobin Zhang, Rob Fender, James H. Matthews, Jiachen Jiang, Honghui Liu, Alessandra Ambrifi, Teo Muñoz-Darias, Maxime Parra, Megumi Shidatsu, Menglei Zhou, Yuexin Zhang, Abdurakhmon Nosirov, Cosimo Bambi, Justine Crook-Mansour

Abstract: We present soft X-ray spectroscopy of the black-hole X-ray binary V4641~Sgr with the \textit{XMM-Newton} Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS). The RGS spectrum shows narrow emission features from N\,\textsc{vi--vii} and O\,\textsc{vii--viii} superimposed on a partially covered disk blackbody continuum. A blind Gaussian search confirms the presence of significant lines at the expected rest wavelen… ▽ More We present soft X-ray spectroscopy of the black-hole X-ray binary V4641~Sgr with the \textit{XMM-Newton} Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS). The RGS spectrum shows narrow emission features from N\,\textsc{vi--vii} and O\,\textsc{vii--viii} superimposed on a partially covered disk blackbody continuum. A blind Gaussian search confirms the presence of significant lines at the expected rest wavelengths. He-like triplet ratios (high $G$, low $R$) and full photoionization modelling both indicate a dense, photoionized plasma. Small redshifted velocities of $\sim 540$--$720\ \mathrm{km\ s^{-1}}$ are suggested, which are consistent with quasi-static or slowly flowing gas away from the observer after accounting for systematics. Photoionization modelling requires two \textsc{xstar} components with an intermediate ionization parameter ($\logξ\simeq 3.1$) and a low ionization parameter ($\logξ\simeq 0.36$), respectively. The simultaneous EPIC-pn spectrum suggests highly ionized Fe emission structures, hinting at an additional, more highly ionized component. These results imply the existence of a radially extended, multiphase, and dense disk atmosphere in the source. We compare the source with other X-ray binaries showing similar emission lines. V4641~Sgr shares a similarly high inclination with other sources; however, the presence of low ionization emission lines distinguishes it from the rest. △ Less

Submitted 30 June, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Comments: Accepted for publication in MNRAS

The Homogeneous MeerKAT and Swift/XRT X-ray Binary Radio:X-ray Plane

Authors: Justine Crook-Mansour, Rob Fender, Andrew Hughes, Sara Motta, Patrick A. Woudt, Arash Bahramian, Melania Del Santo, Zuobin Zhang, Thomas D. Russell, Jakob van den Eijnden, Joe Bright, David Williams-Baldwin, Francesco Carotenuto, Stéphane Corbel, Fraser J. Cowie, Alex Andersson, Noa Grollimund, James Matthews, Kelebogile Gasealahwe, Itumeleng Monaleng, Lauren Rhodes, Payaswini Saikia, Katie Savard, Evangelia Tremou, Xian Zhang

Abstract: During the hard and quiescent spectral states in X-ray binaries, a non-linear correlation is observed between radio and X-ray luminosities, providing a valuable tool to probe the connection between accretion and jet production. This relation was originally thought to define a single 'standard' correlation spanning several orders of magnitude in X-ray luminosity, and was extended to active galactic… ▽ More During the hard and quiescent spectral states in X-ray binaries, a non-linear correlation is observed between radio and X-ray luminosities, providing a valuable tool to probe the connection between accretion and jet production. This relation was originally thought to define a single 'standard' correlation spanning several orders of magnitude in X-ray luminosity, and was extended to active galactic nuclei by including a mass term. However, subsequent studies revealed a more complex picture, with some sources deviating from the standard correlation and instead populating distinct tracks. To date, all large studies of the radio:X-ray plane have combined data from multiple telescopes, introducing uncertainties due to differing instrument systematics and flux conversions between observing frequencies, thereby complicating comparisons and limiting constraints. ThunderKAT was a five-year programme on the MeerKAT radio telescope that monitored X-ray binaries in outburst, and ran alongside SwiftKAT which provided quasi-simultaneous Swift/XRT X-ray coverage. We present the full set of light curves from these programmes, comprising 948 radio and 1029 X-ray data points. An important finding is the frequent detection of unresolved radio emission during the soft state, likely dominated by previously launched jet ejecta. Using these data, we construct the largest, observationally homogeneous X-ray binary radio:X-ray plane to date. We relate these results to the physical mechanisms proposed to drive inter-source diversity, and outline directions for future observational and theoretical work. This paper is accompanied by a public data release of the ThunderKAT and SwiftKAT measurements and a compiled radio:X-ray plane, available through an interactive website. △ Less

Submitted 13 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

Comments: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. The website accompanying this paper, including the full data release, can be found at: https://thunderkat.physics.ox.ac.uk/

Detection of an Extremely Luminous Radio Counterpart to the Be/X-ray Binary A0538-66

Authors: Justine Crook-Mansour, Rob Fender, Alex Andersson, Hao Qiu, Andrew K. Hughes, Jakob van den Eijnden, Fraser J. Cowie, Sara Motta, Itumeleng Monageng, Lorenzo Ducci, Sandro Mereghetti, Andries Mathiba, Dougal Dobie, Tara Murphy, David L. Kaplan, Francesco Carotenuto, Phil Charles

Abstract: We present the discovery of radio emission from the Be/X-ray binary A0538-66 with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), and results from a subsequent weekly monitoring campaign with the MeerKAT radio telescope. A0538-66, located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, hosts a neutron star with a short spin period ($P \approx 69$ ms) in a highly eccentric $\approx16.6$-day orbit. Its rar… ▽ More We present the discovery of radio emission from the Be/X-ray binary A0538-66 with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), and results from a subsequent weekly monitoring campaign with the MeerKAT radio telescope. A0538-66, located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, hosts a neutron star with a short spin period ($P \approx 69$ ms) in a highly eccentric $\approx16.6$-day orbit. Its rare episodes of super-Eddington accretion, rapid optical and X-ray flares, and other peculiar properties make it an interesting system among high-mass X-ray binaries. Our MeerKAT data reveal that it is also one of the most radio-luminous neutron star X-ray binaries observed to date, reaching $\approx 3 \times 10^{22}~\text{erg}~\text{s}^{-1} \text{Hz}^{-1}$, with radio emission that appears to be orbitally modulated. We consider several possible mechanisms for the radio emission, and place A0538-66 in context by comparing it to similar systems. △ Less

Submitted 30 January, 2026; originally announced January 2026.

Comments: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters

The odyssey of the black hole low mass X-ray binary GX339-4: Five years of dense multi-wavelength monitoring

Authors: E. Tremou, S. Corbel, R. Fender, P. Woudt, J. C. A Miller-Jones, I. Heywood, F. Carotenuto, S. Motta, A. Tzioumis, P. J. Groot, D. M. Russell, J. Crook-Mansour, P. Saikia, W. Yu, J. van den Eijnden, A. J. van der Horst, D. R. A. Williams-Baldwin, X. Zhang

Abstract: We present the longest and the densest quasi-simultaneous radio, X-ray and optical campaign of the black hole low mass X-ray binary GX339-4, covering five years of weekly GX339-4 monitoring with MeerKAT, Swift-XRT and MeerLICHT, respectively. Complementary high frequency radio data with the Australia Telescope Compact Array are presented to track in more detail the evolution of GX339-4 and its tra… ▽ More We present the longest and the densest quasi-simultaneous radio, X-ray and optical campaign of the black hole low mass X-ray binary GX339-4, covering five years of weekly GX339-4 monitoring with MeerKAT, Swift-XRT and MeerLICHT, respectively. Complementary high frequency radio data with the Australia Telescope Compact Array are presented to track in more detail the evolution of GX339-4 and its transient ejecta. During the five years, GX339-4 has been through two "hard-only" outbursts and two "full" outbursts, allowing us to densely sample the rise, quenching and re-activation of the compact jets. Strong radio flares were also observed close to the transition between the hard and the soft states. Following the radio flare, a transient optically thin ejection was spatially resolved during the 2020 outburst, and was observed for a month. We also discuss the radio/X-ray correlation of GX339-4 during this five year period, which covers several states in detail from the rising phase to the quiescent state. This campaign allowed us to follow ejection events and provide information on the jet proper motion and its intrinsic velocity. With this work we publicly release the weekly MeerKAT L-band radio maps from data taken between September 2018 and October 2023. △ Less

Submitted 19 January, 2026; originally announced January 2026.

Comments: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Release of calibrated radio maps from ThunderKAT project is available at https://doi.org/10.48479/4fpq-sd16

The Accretion-Ejection Connection in the Black Hole X-ray Binary MAXI J1820$+$070

Authors: Joe S. Bright, Rob Fender, David M. Russell, Sara E. Motta, Ethan Man, Jakob van den Eijnden, Kevin Alabarta, Justine Crook-Mansour, Maria C. Baglio, David A. Green, Ian Heywood, Fraser Lewis, Payaswini Saikia, Paul F. Scott, David J. Titterington

Abstract: The black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820$+$070 began its first recorded outburst in March 2018, and remained an active radio, X-ray, and optical source for over four years. Due to the low distance to the source and its intrinsically high luminosity MAXI J1820$+$070 was observed extensively over this time period, resulting in high-cadence and quasi-simultaneous observations across the electromagnetic… ▽ More The black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820$+$070 began its first recorded outburst in March 2018, and remained an active radio, X-ray, and optical source for over four years. Due to the low distance to the source and its intrinsically high luminosity MAXI J1820$+$070 was observed extensively over this time period, resulting in high-cadence and quasi-simultaneous observations across the electromagnetic spectrum. These data sets provide the opportunity to probe the connection between accretion and the launch of jets in greater detail than for the majority of black hole X-ray binaries. In this work we present radio (Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Large Array, MeerKAT), X-ray (Swift), and optical (Las Cumbres Observatory) observations of MAXI J1820$+$070 throughout its entire outburst, including its initial hard state, subsequent soft state, and further hard-state-only re-brightenings (covering March 2018 to August 2022). Due to the regularity and temporal density of our observational data we are able to create a Radio - X-ray - Optical activity plane where we find a high degree of correlation between the three wave bands during the hard states, and observe hysteresis as MAXI J1820$+$070 enters and exits the soft state. Based on the morphology of the optical light curves we see evidence for optical jet contributions during the soft-to-hard state transition, as well as fading optical emission well before the hard to soft transition. We establish that the remarkably similar profiles of the re-brightening events are broadly consistent with modified disk instability models where irradiation from the inner accretion disk is included. △ Less

Submitted 15 July, 2025; originally announced July 2025.

Comments: 15 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

The peculiar hard state behaviour of the black hole X-ray binary Swift J1727.8$-$1613

Authors: A. K. Hughes, F. Carotenuto, T. D. Russell, A. J. Tetarenko, J. C. A. Miller-Jones, R. M. Plotkin, A. Bahramian, J. S. Bright, F. J. Cowie, J. Crook-Mansour, R. Fender, J. K. Khaulsay, A. Kirby, S. Jones, M. McCollough, R. Rao, G. R. Sivakoff, S. D. Vrtilek, D. R. A. Williams-Baldwin, C. M. Wood, D. Altamirano, P. Casella, N. Castro Segura, S. Corbel, M. Del Santo , et al. (15 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Tracking the correlation between radio and X-ray luminosities during black hole X-ray binary outbursts is a key diagnostic of the coupling between accretion inflows (traced by X-rays) and relativistic jet outflows (traced by radio). We present the radio--X-ray correlation of the black hole low-mass X-ray binary Swift~J1727.8$-$1613 during its 2023--2024 outburst. Our observations span a broad dyna… ▽ More Tracking the correlation between radio and X-ray luminosities during black hole X-ray binary outbursts is a key diagnostic of the coupling between accretion inflows (traced by X-rays) and relativistic jet outflows (traced by radio). We present the radio--X-ray correlation of the black hole low-mass X-ray binary Swift~J1727.8$-$1613 during its 2023--2024 outburst. Our observations span a broad dynamic range, covering $\sim$4 orders of magnitude in radio luminosity and $\sim$6.5 in X-ray luminosity. This source follows an unusually radio-quiet track, exhibiting significantly lower radio luminosities at a given X-ray luminosity than both the standard (radio-loud) track and most previously known radio-quiet systems. Across most of the considered distance range ($D {\sim} 1.5-4.3$ kpc), Swift~J1727.8$-$1613 appears to be the most radio-quiet black hole binary identified to date. For distances ${\geq} 4$ kpc, while Swift~J1727.8$-$1613 becomes comparable to one other extremely radio-quiet system, its peak X-ray luminosity (${\gtrsim} 5{\times}10^{38}$ erg/s) exceeds that of any previously reported hard-state black hole low-mass X-ray binary, emphasising the extremity of this outburst. Additionally, for the first time in a radio-quiet system, we identify the onset of X-ray spectral softening to coincide with a change in trajectory through the radio--X-ray plane. We assess several proposed explanations for radio-quiet behaviour in black hole systems in light of this dataset. As with other such sources, however, no single mechanism fully accounts for the observed properties, highlighting the importance of regular monitoring and the value of comprehensive (quasi-)simultaneous datasets. △ Less

Submitted 15 August, 2025; v1 submitted 14 June, 2025; originally announced June 2025.

Comments: 13 pages, 7 figures, 1 table including appendix, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Euclid: Searches for strong gravitational lenses using convolutional neural nets in Early Release Observations of the Perseus field

Authors: R. Pearce-Casey, B. C. Nagam, J. Wilde, V. Busillo, L. Ulivi, I. T. Andika, A. Manjón-García, L. Leuzzi, P. Matavulj, S. Serjeant, M. Walmsley, J. A. Acevedo Barroso, C. M. O'Riordan, B. Clément, C. Tortora, T. E. Collett, F. Courbin, R. Gavazzi, R. B. Metcalf, R. Cabanac, H. M. Courtois, J. Crook-Mansour, L. Delchambre, G. Despali, L. R. Ecker , et al. (182 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) is predicted to find approximately 170 000 galaxy-galaxy strong lenses from its lifetime observation of 14 000 deg^2 of the sky. Detecting this many lenses by visual inspection with professional astronomers and citizen scientists alone is infeasible. Machine learning algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been used as an automated method of… ▽ More The Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) is predicted to find approximately 170 000 galaxy-galaxy strong lenses from its lifetime observation of 14 000 deg^2 of the sky. Detecting this many lenses by visual inspection with professional astronomers and citizen scientists alone is infeasible. Machine learning algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been used as an automated method of detecting strong lenses, and have proven fruitful in finding galaxy-galaxy strong lens candidates. We identify the major challenge to be the automatic detection of galaxy-galaxy strong lenses while simultaneously maintaining a low false positive rate. One aim of this research is to have a quantified starting point on the achieved purity and completeness with our current version of CNN-based detection pipelines for the VIS images of EWS. We select all sources with VIS IE < 23 mag from the Euclid Early Release Observation imaging of the Perseus field. We apply a range of CNN architectures to detect strong lenses in these cutouts. All our networks perform extremely well on simulated data sets and their respective validation sets. However, when applied to real Euclid imaging, the highest lens purity is just 11%. Among all our networks, the false positives are typically identifiable by human volunteers as, for example, spiral galaxies, multiple sources, and artefacts, implying that improvements are still possible, perhaps via a second, more interpretable lens selection filtering stage. There is currently no alternative to human classification of CNN-selected lens candidates. Given the expected 10^5 lensing systems in Euclid, this implies 10^6 objects for human classification, which while very large is not in principle intractable and not without precedent. △ Less

Submitted 25 November, 2024; originally announced November 2024.

Comments: 22 pages, 11 figures, Euclid consortium paper, A&A submitted

Euclid: The Early Release Observations Lens Search Experiment

Authors: J. A. Acevedo Barroso, C. M. O'Riordan, B. Clément, C. Tortora, T. E. Collett, F. Courbin, R. Gavazzi, R. B. Metcalf, V. Busillo, I. T. Andika, R. Cabanac, H. M. Courtois, J. Crook-Mansour, L. Delchambre, G. Despali, L. R. Ecker, A. Franco, P. Holloway, N. Jackson, K. Jahnke, G. Mahler, L. Marchetti, P. Matavulj, A. Melo, M. Meneghetti , et al. (184 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We investigated the ability of the Euclid telescope to detect galaxy-scale gravitational lenses. To do so, we performed a systematic visual inspection of the $0.7\,\rm{deg}^2$ Euclid Early Release Observations data towards the Perseus cluster using both the high-resolution $I_{\scriptscriptstyle\rm E}$ band and the lower-resolution $Y_{\scriptscriptstyle\rm E}$, $J_{\scriptscriptstyle\rm E}$,… ▽ More We investigated the ability of the Euclid telescope to detect galaxy-scale gravitational lenses. To do so, we performed a systematic visual inspection of the $0.7\,\rm{deg}^2$ Euclid Early Release Observations data towards the Perseus cluster using both the high-resolution $I_{\scriptscriptstyle\rm E}$ band and the lower-resolution $Y_{\scriptscriptstyle\rm E}$, $J_{\scriptscriptstyle\rm E}$, $H_{\scriptscriptstyle\rm E}$ bands. Each extended source brighter than magnitude 23 in $I_{\scriptscriptstyle\rm E}$ was inspected by 41 expert human classifiers. This amounts to $12\,086$ stamps of $10^{\prime\prime}\,\times\,10^{\prime\prime}$. We found $3$ grade A and $13$ grade B candidates. We assessed the validity of these $16$ candidates by modelling them and checking that they are consistent with a single source lensed by a plausible mass distribution. Five of the candidates pass this check, five others are rejected by the modelling, and six are inconclusive. Extrapolating from the five successfully modelled candidates, we infer that the full $14\,000\,{\rm deg}^2$ of the Euclid Wide Survey should contain $100\,000^{+70\,000}_{-30\,000}$ galaxy-galaxy lenses that are both discoverable through visual inspection and have valid lens models. This is consistent with theoretical forecasts of $170\,000$ discoverable galaxy-galaxy lenses in Euclid. Our five modelled lenses have Einstein radii in the range $0.\!\!^{\prime\prime}68\,<\,θ_\mathrm{E}\,<1.\!\!^{\prime\prime}24$, but their Einstein radius distribution is on the higher side when compared to theoretical forecasts. This suggests that our methodology is likely missing small-Einstein-radius systems. Whilst it is implausible to visually inspect the full Euclid dataset, our results corroborate the promise that Euclid will ultimately deliver a sample of around $10^5$ galaxy-scale lenses. △ Less

Submitted 2 May, 2025; v1 submitted 12 August, 2024; originally announced August 2024.

Comments: Replacement after peer review. 16 pages, 17 figures, Zenodo appendix at https://zenodo.org/records/14946028

Journal ref: A&A 697, A14 (2025)