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Photoexcitation spectroscopy of highly charged ions for application to astronomy using a compact electron beam ion trap (EBIT) at the synchrotron radiation facility SPring-8
Authors:
Leo Hirata,
Yuki Amano,
Moto Togawa,
Hiroyuki A. Sakaue,
Nobuyuki Nakamura,
Makoto Sawada,
Hiromasa Suzuki,
Masaki Oura,
Hiroya Yamaguchi
Abstract:
In the past few decades, X-ray astronomy satellites equipped with grating spectrometers and microcalorimeters have enabled high-resolution spectroscopic observations of astrophysical objects. The need for accurate atomic data has arose as we attempt detailed analysis of the high-resolution spectra they provide. This is because current spectral models, which heavily rely on theoretical calculations…
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In the past few decades, X-ray astronomy satellites equipped with grating spectrometers and microcalorimeters have enabled high-resolution spectroscopic observations of astrophysical objects. The need for accurate atomic data has arose as we attempt detailed analysis of the high-resolution spectra they provide. This is because current spectral models, which heavily rely on theoretical calculations, entail non-negligible uncertainties. We employ a plasma spectroscopy device called electron beam ion trap (EBIT) to experimentally obtain precise atomic data. An EBIT with a design that allows combined operation with synchrotron radiation facilities was developed based on the Heidelberg Compact EBIT and installed at ISAS/JAXA for this purpose. We conducted a spectroscopic experiment using the JAXA-EBIT at the synchrotron radiation facility SPring-8, and successfully obtained high-resolution spectra of the L$α$ resonance transition of Ne-like Fe$^{16+}$ ions, 3C, as well as the K$α$ resonance transition of He-like O$^{6+}$ ions. We also measured another Ne-like Fe$^{16+}$ L$α$ resonance transition, 3G, and constrained an upper limit of the oscillator strength ratio of 3G to 3C, using our experimental results. The experimental values obtained in this study will be applied to observational studies of astrophysical objects as a part of the plasma spectral modeling.
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Submitted 26 January, 2026;
originally announced January 2026.
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A laboratory plasma experiment for X-ray astronomy using a compact electron beam ion trap (EBIT)
Authors:
Yuki Amano,
Leo Hirata,
Moto Togawa,
Hiromasa Suzuki,
Hiroyuki A. Sakaue,
Naoki Kimura,
Nobuyuki Nakamura,
Makoto Sawada,
Masaki Oura,
Jonas Danisch,
Joschka Goes,
Marc Botz,
José R. Crespo López-urrutia,
Hiroya Yamaguchi
Abstract:
We present the basic performance and experimental results of an electron beam ion trap (JAXA-EBIT), newly introduced to the Japanese astronomical community. Accurate atomic data are indispensable for the reliable interpretation of high-resolution X-ray spectra of astrophysical plasmas. The JAXA-EBIT generates highly charged ions under well-controlled laboratory conditions, providing experimental b…
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We present the basic performance and experimental results of an electron beam ion trap (JAXA-EBIT), newly introduced to the Japanese astronomical community. Accurate atomic data are indispensable for the reliable interpretation of high-resolution X-ray spectra of astrophysical plasmas. The JAXA-EBIT generates highly charged ions under well-controlled laboratory conditions, providing experimental benchmarks for atomic data. The JAXA-EBIT shows performance comparable to the Heidelberg compact EBIT through dielectronic recombination measurements of highly charged Ar ions. Furthermore, we conducted resonant photoexcitation spectroscopy of highly charged ions using the soft X-ray beamline BL17SU at the synchrotron radiation facility SPring-8. As a result, we successfully detected resonance transitions of He-like O$^{6+}$ and Ne-like Fe$^{16+}$. These results demonstrate the capability of the JAXA-EBIT for precise measurement of atomic data and show that it serves as a powerful tool for advancing astrophysical research.
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Submitted 25 November, 2025;
originally announced November 2025.
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Spatially Resolved Plasma Diagnostics of the Supernova Remnant DEM L71 using the Reflection Grating Spectrometer
Authors:
Yuki Amano,
Yuken Ohshiro,
Hiromasa Suzuki,
Kotaro Fukushima,
Hiroya Yamaguchi
Abstract:
We present a spatially resolved high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the supernova remnant DEM L71 using the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) aboard XMM-Newton. Because of the large dispersion angle of the RGS, we are able to resolve individual emission lines and examine their spatial distributions within this moderately extended remnant. We derive line fluxes across different regions of DEM…
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We present a spatially resolved high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the supernova remnant DEM L71 using the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) aboard XMM-Newton. Because of the large dispersion angle of the RGS, we are able to resolve individual emission lines and examine their spatial distributions within this moderately extended remnant. We derive line fluxes across different regions of DEM L71 and perform quantitative plasma diagnostics. Our analysis reveals that some regions have high forbidden-to-resonance ratios of O\emissiontype{VII} He$α$ lines, suggesting a non-negligible contribution from additional physical processes, such as charge exchange and/or resonance scattering. Our results demonstrate that the RGS has potential to serve as an outstanding X-ray imaging spectrometer for moderately diffuse objects.
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Submitted 25 November, 2025;
originally announced November 2025.
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Hanle effect for lifetime determinations in the soft X-ray regime
Authors:
Moto Togawa,
Jan Richter,
Chintan Shah,
Marc Botz,
Joshua Nenninger,
Jonas Danisch,
Joschka Goes,
Steffen Kühn,
Pedro Amaro,
Awad Mohamed,
Yuki Amano,
Stefano Orlando,
Roberta Totani,
Monica de Simone,
Stephan Fritzsche,
Thomas Pfeifer,
Marcello Coreno,
Andrey Surzhykov,
José R. Crespo López-Urrutia
Abstract:
By exciting a series of $1\mathrm{s}^{2}\, ^{1}\mathrm{S}_{0} \to 1\mathrm{s}n\mathrm{p}\, ^{1}\mathrm{P}_{1}$ transitions in helium-like nitrogen ions with linearly polarized monochromatic soft X-rays at the Elettra facility, we found a change in the angular distribution of the fluorescence sensitive to the principal quantum number $n$. In particular it is observed that the ratio of emission in d…
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By exciting a series of $1\mathrm{s}^{2}\, ^{1}\mathrm{S}_{0} \to 1\mathrm{s}n\mathrm{p}\, ^{1}\mathrm{P}_{1}$ transitions in helium-like nitrogen ions with linearly polarized monochromatic soft X-rays at the Elettra facility, we found a change in the angular distribution of the fluorescence sensitive to the principal quantum number $n$. In particular it is observed that the ratio of emission in directions parallel and perpendicular to the polarization of incident radiation increases with higher $n$. We find this $n$-dependence to be a manifestation of the Hanle effect, which served as a practical tool for lifetime determinations of optical transitions since its discovery in 1924. In contrast to traditional Hanle effect experiments, in which one varies the magnetic field and considers a particular excited state, we demonstrate a 'soft X-ray Hanle effect' which arises in a static magnetic field but for a series of excited states. By comparing experimental data with theoretical predictions, we were able to determine lifetimes ranging from hundreds of femtoseconds to tens of picoseconds of the $1\mathrm{s}n\mathrm{p}\, ^{1}\mathrm{P}_{1}$ levels, which find excellent agreement with atomic-structure calculations. We argue that dedicated soft X-ray measurements could yield lifetime data that is beyond current experimental reach and cannot yet be predicted with sufficient accuracy.
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Submitted 22 August, 2024;
originally announced August 2024.
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Reciprocity in laser ultrasound revisited: Is wavefield characterisation by scanning laser excitation strictly reciprocal to that by scanning laser detection?
Authors:
Bernd Köhler,
Yuui Amano,
Frank Schubert,
Kazuyuki Nakahata
Abstract:
The common believe about strict measurement reciprocity between scanning laser detection and scanning laser excitation is disproved by a simple experiment. Nevertheless, a deeper study based on the reciprocity relation reveals correct reciprocal measurement set-ups for both the probe-excitation / laser-detection and the laser-excitation / probe-detection case. Similarly, the all-laser measurement,…
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The common believe about strict measurement reciprocity between scanning laser detection and scanning laser excitation is disproved by a simple experiment. Nevertheless, a deeper study based on the reciprocity relation reveals correct reciprocal measurement set-ups for both the probe-excitation / laser-detection and the laser-excitation / probe-detection case. Similarly, the all-laser measurement, that is thermoelastic laser excitation with laser vibrometer detection, is not in general reciprocal with respect to the exchange of excitation and detection positions. Again, a substitute for the laser doppler vibrometer out-of-plane displacement measurement was found which ensures measurement reciprocity together with laser excitation. The apparent confusion in literature about strict validity/non-validity of measurement reciprocity is mitigated by classifying the measurement situations systematically.
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Submitted 25 April, 2024;
originally announced April 2024.
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Decentralized Control for Heterogeneous Battery Energy Storage System
Authors:
Yusuke Hakuta,
Yasushi Amano,
Tomohiko Jimbo,
Shuji Tomura
Abstract:
Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are essential for stable power supply in renewable energy systems that can operate in all weather. Future BESSs will be massive and pluggable with several heterogeneous batteries. In this paper, a novel decentralized control method for a heterogeneous BESS is proposed, in which each battery autonomously operates based on its characteristics. First, a control…
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Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are essential for stable power supply in renewable energy systems that can operate in all weather. Future BESSs will be massive and pluggable with several heterogeneous batteries. In this paper, a novel decentralized control method for a heterogeneous BESS is proposed, in which each battery autonomously operates based on its characteristics. First, a control method that uses only one broadcast signal for each type of battery is proposed. Second, the asymptotic stability of the tracking error is proved. Third, numerical simulations confirm that the proposed control method has robust tracking performance of the total electric power to the demanded power when some batteries fail and are detached from the system. Last, in order to suppress degradation of battery, equalization of the state of charge is achieved for each type of battery without communication among the batteries.
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Submitted 16 April, 2024;
originally announced April 2024.
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Robust UAV Position and Attitude Estimation using Multiple GNSS Receivers for Laser-based 3D Mapping
Authors:
Taro Suzuki,
Daichi Inoue,
Yoshiharu Amano
Abstract:
Small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely investigated for use in a variety of applications such as remote sensing and aerial surveying. Direct three-dimensional (3D) mapping using a small-sized UAV equipped with a laser scanner is required for numerous remote sensing applications. In direct 3D mapping, the precise information about the position and attitude of the UAV is necess…
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Small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely investigated for use in a variety of applications such as remote sensing and aerial surveying. Direct three-dimensional (3D) mapping using a small-sized UAV equipped with a laser scanner is required for numerous remote sensing applications. In direct 3D mapping, the precise information about the position and attitude of the UAV is necessary for constructing 3D maps. In this study, we propose a novel and robust technique for estimating the position and attitude of small-sized UAVs by employing multiple low-cost and light-weight global navigation satellite system (GNSS) antennas/receivers. Using the "redundancy" of multiple GNSS receivers, we enhance the performance of real-time kinematic (RTK)-GNSS by employing single-frequency GNSS receivers. This method consists of two approaches: hybrid GNSS fix solutions and consistency examination of the GNSS signal strength. The fix rate of RTK-GNSS using single-frequency GNSS receivers can be highly enhanced to combine multiple RTK-GNSS to fix solutions in the multiple antennas. In addition, positioning accuracy and fix rate can be further enhanced to detect multipath signals by using multiple GNSS antennas. In this study, we developed a prototype UAV that is equipped with six GNSS antennas/receivers. From the static test results, we conclude that the proposed technique can enhance the accuracy of the position and attitude estimation in multipath environments. From the flight test, the proposed system could generate a 3D map with an accuracy of 5 cm.
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Submitted 4 December, 2023;
originally announced December 2023.
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Scratch Team of Single-Rotor Robots and Decentralized Cooperative Transportation with Robot Failure
Authors:
Koshi Oishi,
Yasushi Amano,
Jimbo Tomohiko
Abstract:
Achieving cooperative transportation by aerial robot teams ensures flexibility regarding payloads and robustness against failures, which has garnered significant attention in recent years. This study proposes a flexible decentralized controller for robots and the shapes of payloads in a cooperative transport task using multiple single-rotor robots. The proposed controller is robust to mass and cen…
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Achieving cooperative transportation by aerial robot teams ensures flexibility regarding payloads and robustness against failures, which has garnered significant attention in recent years. This study proposes a flexible decentralized controller for robots and the shapes of payloads in a cooperative transport task using multiple single-rotor robots. The proposed controller is robust to mass and center of mass (COM) fluctuations and robot failures. Moreover, it possesses asymptotic stability against dynamics errors. Additionally, the controller supports heterogeneous single-rotor robots. Thus, robots with different specifications and deterioration may be effectively utilized for cooperative transportation. This performance is particularly effective for robot reuse. To achieve the aforementioned performance, the controller consists of a parallel structure comprising two controllers: a feedback controller, which renders the system strictly positive real, and a nonlinear controller, which renders the object asymptotic to the target. First, we confirm cooperative transportation using 8 and 10 robots for two shapes through numerical simulation. Subsequently, the cooperative transportation of a rectangle payload (with a weight of approximately 3 kg and maximum length of 1.6 m) is demonstrated using a robot team consisting of three types of robots, even under robot failure and fluctuation in the COM.
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Submitted 5 May, 2025; v1 submitted 2 July, 2023;
originally announced July 2023.
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User-Centric Clustering Under Fairness Scheduling in Cell-Free Massive MIMO
Authors:
Fabian Göttsch,
Noboru Osawa,
Yoshiaki Amano,
Issei Kanno,
Kosuke Yamazaki,
Giuseppe Caire
Abstract:
We consider fairness scheduling in a user-centric cell-free massive MIMO network, where $L$ remote radio units, each with $M$ antennas, serve $K_{\rm tot} \approx LM$ user equipments (UEs). Recent results show that the maximum network sum throughput is achieved where $K_{\rm act} \approx \frac{LM}{2}$ UEs are simultaneously active in any given time-frequency slots. However, the number of users…
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We consider fairness scheduling in a user-centric cell-free massive MIMO network, where $L$ remote radio units, each with $M$ antennas, serve $K_{\rm tot} \approx LM$ user equipments (UEs). Recent results show that the maximum network sum throughput is achieved where $K_{\rm act} \approx \frac{LM}{2}$ UEs are simultaneously active in any given time-frequency slots. However, the number of users $K_{\rm tot}$ in the network is usually much larger. This requires that users are scheduled over the time-frequency resource and achieve a certain throughput rate as an average over the slots. We impose throughput fairness among UEs with a scheduling approach aiming to maximize a concave component-wise non-decreasing network utility function of the per-user throughput rates. In cell-free user-centric networks, the pilot and cluster assignment is usually done for a given set of active users. Combined with fairness scheduling, this requires pilot and cluster reassignment at each scheduling slot, involving an enormous overhead of control signaling exchange between network entities. We propose a fixed pilot and cluster assignment scheme (independent of the scheduling decisions), which outperforms the baseline method in terms of UE throughput, while requiring much less control information exchange between network entities.
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Submitted 15 May, 2023;
originally announced May 2023.
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ISAI: Investigating Solar Axion by Iron-57
Authors:
Tomonori Ikeda,
Toshihiro Fujii,
Takeshi Go Tsuru,
Yuki Amano,
Kazuho Kayama,
Masamune Matsuda,
Hiromu Iwasaki,
Mizuki Uenomachi,
Kentaro Miuchi,
Yoshiyuki Onuki,
Yoshizumi Inoue,
Akimichi Taketa
Abstract:
The existence of the axion is a unique solution for the strong CP problem, and the axion is one of the most promising candidates of the dark matter. Investigating Solar Axion by Iron-57 (ISAI) is being prepared as a complemented table-top experiment to confirm the solar axion scenario. Probing an X-ray emission from the nuclear transitions associated with the axion-nucleon coupling is a leading ap…
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The existence of the axion is a unique solution for the strong CP problem, and the axion is one of the most promising candidates of the dark matter. Investigating Solar Axion by Iron-57 (ISAI) is being prepared as a complemented table-top experiment to confirm the solar axion scenario. Probing an X-ray emission from the nuclear transitions associated with the axion-nucleon coupling is a leading approach. ISAI searches for the monochromatic 14.4 keV X-ray from the first excited state of 57Fe using a state-of-the-art pixelized silicon detector, dubbed XRPIX, under an extremely low-background environment. We highlight scientific objectives, experimental design and the latest status of ISAI.
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Submitted 28 December, 2022;
originally announced December 2022.
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Fairness Scheduling in Dense User-Centric Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks
Authors:
Fabian Göttsch,
Noboru Osawa,
Takeo Ohseki,
Yoshiaki Amano,
Issei Kanno,
Kosuke Yamazaki,
Giuseppe Caire
Abstract:
We consider a user-centric scalable cell-free massive MIMO network with a total of $LM$ distributed remote radio unit antennas serving $K$ user equipments (UEs). Many works in the current literature assume $LM\gg K$, enabling high UE data rates but also leading to a system not operating at its maximum performance in terms of sum throughput. We provide a new perspective on cell-free massive MIMO ne…
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We consider a user-centric scalable cell-free massive MIMO network with a total of $LM$ distributed remote radio unit antennas serving $K$ user equipments (UEs). Many works in the current literature assume $LM\gg K$, enabling high UE data rates but also leading to a system not operating at its maximum performance in terms of sum throughput. We provide a new perspective on cell-free massive MIMO networks, investigating rate allocation and the UE density regime in which the network makes use of its full capability. The UE density $K$ approximately equal to $\frac{LM}{2}$ is the range in which the system reaches the largest sum throughput. In addition, there is a significant fraction of UEs with relatively low throughput, when serving $K>\frac{LM}{2}$ UEs simultaneously. We propose to reduce the number of active UEs per time slot, such that the system does not operate at ``full load'', and impose throughput fairness among all users via a scheduler designed to maximize a suitably defined concave componentwise non-decreasing network utility function. Our numerical simulations show that we can tune the system such that a desired distribution of the UE throughput, depending on the utility function, is achieved.
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Submitted 28 November, 2022;
originally announced November 2022.
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Locally Defined Independence Systems on Graphs
Authors:
Yuki Amano
Abstract:
The maximization for the independence systems defined on graphs is a generalization of combinatorial optimization problems such as the maximum $b$-matching, the unweighted MAX-SAT, the matchoid, and the maximum timed matching problems. In this paper, we consider the problem under the local oracle model to investigate the global approximability of the problem by using the local approximability. We…
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The maximization for the independence systems defined on graphs is a generalization of combinatorial optimization problems such as the maximum $b$-matching, the unweighted MAX-SAT, the matchoid, and the maximum timed matching problems. In this paper, we consider the problem under the local oracle model to investigate the global approximability of the problem by using the local approximability. We first analyze two simple algorithms FixedOrder and Greedy for the maximization under the model, which shows that they have no constant approximation ratio. Here algorithms FixedOrder and Greedy apply local oracles with fixed and greedy orders of vertices, respectively. We then propose two approximation algorithms for the $k$-degenerate graphs, whose approximation ratios are $α+2k -2$ and $αk$, where $α$ is the approximation ratio of local oracles. The second one can be generalized to the hypergraph setting. We also propose an $(α+ k)$-approximation algorithm for bipartite graphs, in which the local independence systems in the one-side of vertices are $k$-systems with independence oracles.
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Submitted 21 August, 2022;
originally announced August 2022.
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Overloaded Pilot Assignment with Pilot Decontamination for Cell-Free Systems
Authors:
Noboru Osawa,
Fabian Göttsch,
Issei Kanno,
Takeo Ohseki,
Yoshiaki Amano,
Kosuke Yamazaki,
Giuseppe Caire
Abstract:
The pilot contamination in cell-free massive multiple-input-multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) must be addressed for accommodating a large number of users. In previous works, we have investigated a decontamination method called subspace projection (SP). The SP separates interference from co-pilot users by using the orthogonality of the principal components of the users' channel subspaces. Non-overloaded p…
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The pilot contamination in cell-free massive multiple-input-multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) must be addressed for accommodating a large number of users. In previous works, we have investigated a decontamination method called subspace projection (SP). The SP separates interference from co-pilot users by using the orthogonality of the principal components of the users' channel subspaces. Non-overloaded pilot assignment (PA), where each radio unit (RU) does not assign the same pilot to different users, limits the spectral efficiency (SE) of the system, since SP channel estimation is able to deal with co-pilot users that have nearly orthogonal subspaces. Motivated by this limitation, this paper introduces overloaded PA methods adjusted for the decontamination in order to improve the sum SE of CF systems. Numerical simulations show that the overloaded PA methods give higher SE than that of non-overloaded PA at a high user density scenario.
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Submitted 10 October, 2022; v1 submitted 23 July, 2022;
originally announced July 2022.
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Charge Exchange X-ray Emission Detected in Multiple Shells of Supernova Remnant G296.1-0.5
Authors:
Yukiko Tanaka,
Hiroyuki Uchida,
Takaaki Tanaka,
Yuki Amano,
Yosuke Koshiba,
Takeshi Go Tsuru,
Hidetoshi Sano,
Yasuo Fukui
Abstract:
Recent high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy revealed possible presence of charge exchange (CX) X-ray emission in supernova remnants (SNRs). Although CX is expected to take place at outermost edges of SNR shells, no significant measurement has been reported so far due to the lack of nearby SNR samples. Here we present an X-ray study of SNR G296.1$-$0.5, which has a complicated multiple-shell structur…
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Recent high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy revealed possible presence of charge exchange (CX) X-ray emission in supernova remnants (SNRs). Although CX is expected to take place at outermost edges of SNR shells, no significant measurement has been reported so far due to the lack of nearby SNR samples. Here we present an X-ray study of SNR G296.1$-$0.5, which has a complicated multiple-shell structure, with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) onboard XMM-Newton. We select two shells in different regions and find that in both regions O VII line shows a high forbidden-to-resonance ($f/r$) ratio that cannot be reproduced by a simple thermal model. Our spectral analysis suggests a presence of CX and the result is also supported by our new radio observation, where we discover evidence of molecular clouds associated with these shells. Assuming G296.1$-$0.5 has a spherical shock, we estimate that CX is dominant in a thin layer with a thickness of 0.2--0.3\% of the shock radius. The result is consistent with a previous theoretical expectation and we therefore conclude that CX occurs in G296.1$-$0.5.
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Submitted 20 May, 2022;
originally announced May 2022.
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High resolution X-ray study of supernova remnant J0453.6$-$6829 with unusually high forbidden-to-resonance ratio
Authors:
Yosuke Koshiba,
Hiroyuki Uchida,
Takaaki Tanaka,
Yuki Amano,
Hidetoshi Sano,
Takeshi Go Tsuru
Abstract:
Recent high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy has revealed that several supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) show unusually high forbidden-to-resonance ($f/r$) line ratios. While their origin is still uncertain and debated, most of these SNRs have asymmetric morphology and/or show evidence of interaction with dense material, which may hint at the true nature of the anomalous…
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Recent high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy has revealed that several supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) show unusually high forbidden-to-resonance ($f/r$) line ratios. While their origin is still uncertain and debated, most of these SNRs have asymmetric morphology and/or show evidence of interaction with dense material, which may hint at the true nature of the anomalous $f/r$ ratios. Here we report on a detailed spectral analysis of an LMC SNR J0453.6$-$6829 with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) onboard XMM-Newton. We find that the $f/r$ ratio of O$~$VII ($=1.06^{+0.09}_{-0.10}$) is significantly higher than expected from the previously-reported thermal model. The spectrum is fairly explained by taking into account a charge exchange (CX) emission in addition to the thermal component. Analyzing archival ATCA & Parkes radio data, we also reveal that H$~$I cloud is possibly interacting with J0453.6$-$6829. These results support the presence of CX in J0453.6$-$6829, as the origin of the obtained high $f/r$ ratio. Although a contribution of the resonance scattering (RS) cannot be ruled out at this time, we conclude that CX seems more likely than RS considering the relatively symmetric morphology of this remnant.
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Submitted 20 April, 2022;
originally announced April 2022.
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Cooperative Transportation using Multiple Single-Rotor Robots and Decentralized Control for Unknown Payloads
Authors:
Koshi Oishi,
Yasushi Amano,
Tomohiko Jimbo
Abstract:
Cooperative transportation via multiple aerial robots has the potential to support various payloads and reduce the chances of them being dropped. Furthermore, autonomously controlled robots render the system scalable with respect to the payload. In this study, a cooperative transportation system was developed using rigidly attached single-rotor robots, and a decentralized controller was proposed t…
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Cooperative transportation via multiple aerial robots has the potential to support various payloads and reduce the chances of them being dropped. Furthermore, autonomously controlled robots render the system scalable with respect to the payload. In this study, a cooperative transportation system was developed using rigidly attached single-rotor robots, and a decentralized controller was proposed to guarantee asymptotic stability of the error dynamics for unknown strictly positive real systems. A feedback controller was used to transform unstable systems into strictly positive real ones considering the shared attachment positions. First, the cooperative transportation of unknown payloads with different shapes larger than the carrier robots was investigated via numerical simulations. Second, cooperative transportation of an unknown payload (with a weight of approximately 2.7 kg and maximum length of 1.6 m) was demonstrated using eight robots, even under robot failure. Finally, the proposed system was shown to be capable of carrying an unknown payload, even if the attachment positions were not shared, that is, even if asymptotic stability was not strictly guaranteed.
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Submitted 5 May, 2025; v1 submitted 2 November, 2021;
originally announced November 2021.
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Tracking Control foe Multi-Agent Systems Using Broadcast Signals Based on Positive Realness
Authors:
Yasushi Amano,
Tomohiko Jimbo,
Kenji Fujimoto
Abstract:
Broadcast control is one of decentralized control methods for networked multi-agent systems. In this method, each agent does not communicate with the others, and autonomously determines its own action using only the same signal sent from a central controller. Therefore, it is effective for systems with numerous agents or no-communication between agents. However, it is difficult to manage the stoch…
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Broadcast control is one of decentralized control methods for networked multi-agent systems. In this method, each agent does not communicate with the others, and autonomously determines its own action using only the same signal sent from a central controller. Therefore, it is effective for systems with numerous agents or no-communication between agents. However, it is difficult to manage the stochastic action process of agents considering engineering applications. This paper proposes a decentralized control such that agents autonomously select the deterministic actions. Firstly, a non-linear controller with a binary output of each agent including 0 is introduced in order to express stop actions autonomously when the target is achieved. The asymptotic stability to the target is proved. Secondly, the controller can adjust the tendency of actions in order to make it easier to manage the actions. Thirdly, the controller is extended to that with a continuous output in order to reduce the tracking error to the target and the output vibration. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control is verified by numerical experiments.
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Submitted 13 September, 2021;
originally announced September 2021.
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A 3/4 Differential Approximation Algorithm for Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors:
Yuki Amano,
Kazuhisa Makino
Abstract:
In this paper, we consider differential approximability of the traveling salesman problem (TSP). We show that TSP is $3/4$-differential approximable, which improves the currently best known bound $3/4 -O(1/n)$ due to Escoffier and Monnot in 2008, where $n$ denotes the number of vertices in the given graph.
In this paper, we consider differential approximability of the traveling salesman problem (TSP). We show that TSP is $3/4$-differential approximable, which improves the currently best known bound $3/4 -O(1/n)$ due to Escoffier and Monnot in 2008, where $n$ denotes the number of vertices in the given graph.
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Submitted 27 December, 2020;
originally announced December 2020.
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Observation of spin-exchange dynamics between itinerant and localized $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ atoms
Authors:
Koki Ono,
Yoshiki Amano,
Toshiya Higomoto,
Yugo Saito,
Yoshiro Takahashi
Abstract:
We report on the observation of the spin-exchange dynamics of $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ atoms in the ground state $^1\mathrm{S}_0$ and in the metastable state $^3\mathrm{P}_0$. We implement the mixed-dimensional two-orbital system using a near-resonant and magic-wavelength optical lattices, where the $^1\mathrm{S}_0$ and $^3\mathrm{P}_0$ atoms are itinerant in a one-dimensional tube and localized in thr…
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We report on the observation of the spin-exchange dynamics of $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ atoms in the ground state $^1\mathrm{S}_0$ and in the metastable state $^3\mathrm{P}_0$. We implement the mixed-dimensional two-orbital system using a near-resonant and magic-wavelength optical lattices, where the $^1\mathrm{S}_0$ and $^3\mathrm{P}_0$ atoms are itinerant in a one-dimensional tube and localized in three dimensions, respectively. By exploiting an optical Stern-Gerlach method, we observe the spin depolarization of the $^1\mathrm{S}_0$ atoms induced by the spin-exchange interaction with the $^3\mathrm{P}_0$ atom. Our work could open the way to the quantum simulation of the Kondo effect.
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Submitted 28 April, 2021; v1 submitted 15 December, 2020;
originally announced December 2020.
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Low-Energy X-ray Performance of SOI Pixel Sensors for Astronomy, "XRPIX"
Authors:
Ryota Kodama,
Takeshi Go Tsuru,
Takaaki Tanaka,
Hiroyuki Uchida,
Kazuho Kayama,
Yuki Amano,
Ayaki Takeda,
Koji Mori,
Yusuke Nishioka,
Masataka Yukumoto,
Takahiro Hida,
Yasuo Arai,
Ikuo Kurachi,
Takayoshi Kohmura,
Kouichi Hagino,
Mitsuki Hayashida,
Masatoshi Kitajima,
Shoji Kawahito,
Keita Yasutomi,
Hiroki Kamehama
Abstract:
We have been developing a new type of X-ray pixel sensors, "XRPIX", allowing us to perform imaging spectroscopy in the wide energy band of 1-20 keV for the future Japanese X-ray satellite "FORCE". The XRPIX devices are fabricated with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor silicon-on-insulator technology, and have the "Event-Driven readout mode", in which only a hit event is read out by using hit…
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We have been developing a new type of X-ray pixel sensors, "XRPIX", allowing us to perform imaging spectroscopy in the wide energy band of 1-20 keV for the future Japanese X-ray satellite "FORCE". The XRPIX devices are fabricated with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor silicon-on-insulator technology, and have the "Event-Driven readout mode", in which only a hit event is read out by using hit information from a trigger output function equipped with each pixel. This paper reports on the low-energy X-ray performance of the "XRPIX6E" device with a Pinned Depleted Diode (PDD) structure. The PDD structure especially reduces the readout noise, and hence is expected to largely improve the quantum efficiencies for low-energy X-rays. While F-K X-rays at 0.68 keV and Al-K X-rays at 1.5 keV are successfully detected in the "Frame readout mode", in which all pixels are read out serially without using the trigger output function, the device is able to detect Al-K X-rays, but not F-K X-rays in the Event-Driven readout mode. Non-uniformity is observed in the counts maps of Al-K X-rays in the Event-Driven readout mode, which is due to region-to-region variation of the pedestal voltages at the input to the comparator circuit. The lowest available threshold energy is 1.1 keV for a small region in the device where the non-uniformity is minimized. The noise of the charge sensitive amplifier at the sense node and the noise related to the trigger output function are ~$18~e^-$ (rms) and ~$13~e^-$ (rms), respectively.
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Submitted 29 September, 2020;
originally announced September 2020.
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Experimental studies on the charge transfer inefficiency of CCD developed for the soft X-ray imaging telescope Xtend aboard the XRISM satellite
Authors:
Yoshiaki Kanemaru,
Jin Sato,
Toshiyuki Takaki,
Yuta Terada,
Koji Mori,
Mariko Saito,
Kumiko K. Nobukawa,
Takaaki Tanaka,
Hiroyuki Uchida,
Kiyoshi Hayashida,
Hironori Matsumoto,
Hirofumi Noda,
Maho Hanaoka,
Tomokage Yoneyama,
Koki Okazaki,
Kazunori Asakura,
Shotaro Sakuma,
Kengo Hattori,
Ayami Ishikura,
Yuki Amano,
Hiromichi Okon,
Takeshi G. Tsuru,
Hiroshi Tomida,
Hikari Kashimura,
Hiroshi Nakajima
, et al. (16 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present experimental studies on the charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) of charge-coupled device (CCD) developed for the soft X-ray imaging telescope, Xtend, aboard the XRISM satellite. The CCD is equipped with a charge injection (CI) capability, in which sacrificial charge is periodically injected to fill the charge traps. By evaluating the re-emission of the trapped charge observed behind the…
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We present experimental studies on the charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) of charge-coupled device (CCD) developed for the soft X-ray imaging telescope, Xtend, aboard the XRISM satellite. The CCD is equipped with a charge injection (CI) capability, in which sacrificial charge is periodically injected to fill the charge traps. By evaluating the re-emission of the trapped charge observed behind the CI rows, we find that there are at least three trap populations with different time constants. The traps with the shortest time constant, which is equivalent to a transfer time of approximately one pixel, are mainly responsible for the trailing charge of an X-ray event seen in the following pixel. A comparison of the trailing charge in two clocking modes reveals that the CTI depends not only on the transfer time but also on the area, namely the imaging or storage area. We construct a new CTI model with taking into account with both transfer-time and area dependence. This model reproduces the data obtained in both clocking modes consistently. We also examine apparent flux dependence of the CTI observed without the CI technique. The higher incident X-ray flux is, the lower the CTI value becomes. It is due to a sacrificial charge effect by another X-ray photon. This effect is found to be negligible when the CI technique is used.
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Submitted 15 September, 2020; v1 submitted 14 September, 2020;
originally announced September 2020.
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Radiation Damage Effects on Double-SOI Pixel Sensors for X-ray Astronomy
Authors:
Kouichi Hagino,
Keigo Yarita,
Kousuke Negishi,
Kenji Oono,
Mitsuki Hayashida,
Masatoshi Kitajima,
Takayoshi Kohmura,
Takeshi G. Tsuru,
Takaaki Tanaka,
Hiroyuki Uchida,
Kazuho Kayama,
Yuki Amano,
Ryota Kodama,
Ayaki Takeda,
Koji Mori,
Yusuke Nishioka,
Masataka Yukumoto,
Takahiro Hida,
Yasuo Arai,
Ikuo Kurachi,
Tsuyoshi Hamano,
Hisashi Kitamura
Abstract:
The X-ray SOI pixel sensor onboard the FORCE satellite will be placed in the low earth orbit and will consequently suffer from the radiation effects mainly caused by geomagnetically trapped cosmic-ray protons. Based on previous studies on the effects of radiation on SOI pixel sensors, the positive charges trapped in the oxide layer significantly affect the performance of the sensor. To improve the…
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The X-ray SOI pixel sensor onboard the FORCE satellite will be placed in the low earth orbit and will consequently suffer from the radiation effects mainly caused by geomagnetically trapped cosmic-ray protons. Based on previous studies on the effects of radiation on SOI pixel sensors, the positive charges trapped in the oxide layer significantly affect the performance of the sensor. To improve the radiation hardness of the SOI pixel sensors, we introduced a double-SOI (D-SOI) structure containing an additional middle Si layer in the oxide layer. The negative potential applied on the middle Si layer compensates for the radiation effects, due to the trapped positive charges. Although the radiation hardness of the D-SOI pixel sensors for applications in high-energy accelerators has been evaluated, radiation effects for astronomical application in the D-SOI sensors has not been evaluated thus far. To evaluate the radiation effects of the D-SOI sensor, we perform an irradiation experiment using a 6-MeV proton beam with a total dose of ~ 5 krad, corresponding to a few tens of years of in-orbit operation. This experiment indicates an improvement in the radiation hardness of the X- ray D-SOI devices. On using an irradiation of 5 krad on the D-SOI device, the energy resolution in the full-width half maximum for the 5.9-keV X-ray increases by 7 $\pm$ 2%, and the chip output gain decreases by 0.35 $\pm$ 0.09%. The physical mechanism of the gain degradation is also investigated; it is found that the gain degradation is caused by an increase in the parasitic capacitance due to the enlarged buried n-well.
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Submitted 16 July, 2020;
originally announced July 2020.
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Fair Ride Allocation on a Line
Authors:
Yuki Amano,
Ayumi Igarashi,
Yasushi Kawase,
Kazuhisa Makino,
Hirotaka Ono
Abstract:
The airport game is a classical and well-known model of fair cost-sharing for a single facility among multiple agents. This paper extends it to the so-called assignment setting, that is, for multiple facilities and agents, each agent chooses a facility to use and shares the cost with the other agents. Such a situation can be often seen in sharing economy, such as sharing fees for office desks amon…
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The airport game is a classical and well-known model of fair cost-sharing for a single facility among multiple agents. This paper extends it to the so-called assignment setting, that is, for multiple facilities and agents, each agent chooses a facility to use and shares the cost with the other agents. Such a situation can be often seen in sharing economy, such as sharing fees for office desks among workers, taxis among customers of possibly different destinations on a line, and so on. Our model is regarded as a coalition formation game based on the fair cost-sharing of the airport game; we call our model \emph{a fair ride allocation on a line}. As criteria of solution concepts, we incorporate Nash stability and envy-freeness into our setting. We show that a Nash-stable feasible allocation that minimizes the social cost of agents can be computed efficiently if a feasible allocation exists. For envy-freeness, we provide several structural properties of envy-free allocations. Based on these, we design efficient algorithms for finding an envy-free allocation when at least one of (1) the number of facilities, (2) the capacity of facilities, and (3) the number of agent types, is small. Moreover, we show that a consecutive envy-free allocation can be computed in polynomial time. On the negative front, we show the NP-hardness of determining the existence of an allocation under two relaxed envy-free concepts.
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Submitted 5 May, 2021; v1 submitted 15 July, 2020;
originally announced July 2020.
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Optical Blocking Performance of CCDs Developed for the X-ray Astronomy Satellite XRISM
Authors:
Hiroyuki Uchida,
Takaaki Tanaka,
Yuki Amano,
Hiromichi Okon,
Takeshi G. Tsuru,
Hirofumi Noda,
Kiyoshi Hayashida,
Hironori Matsumoto,
Maho Hanaoka,
Tomokage Yoneyama,
Koki Okazaki,
Kazunori Asakura,
Shotaro Sakuma,
Kengo Hattori,
Ayami Ishikura,
Hiroshi Nakajima,
Mariko Saito,
Kumiko K. Nobukawa,
Hiroshi Tomida,
Yoshiaki Kanemaru,
Jin Sato,
Toshiyuki Takaki,
Yuta Terada,
Koji Mori,
Hikari Kashimura
, et al. (21 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We have been developing P-channel Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) for the upcoming X-ray Astronomy Satellite XRISM, planned to be launched in 2021. While the basic design of the CCD camera (Soft X-ray Imager: SXI) is almost the same as that of the lost Hitomi (ASTRO-H) observatory, we are planning to reduce the "light leakages" that is one of the largest problems recognized in Hitomi data. We adopte…
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We have been developing P-channel Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) for the upcoming X-ray Astronomy Satellite XRISM, planned to be launched in 2021. While the basic design of the CCD camera (Soft X-ray Imager: SXI) is almost the same as that of the lost Hitomi (ASTRO-H) observatory, we are planning to reduce the "light leakages" that is one of the largest problems recognized in Hitomi data. We adopted a double-layer optical blocking layer on the XRISM CCDs and also added an extra aluminum layer on the backside of them. We develop a newly designed test sample CCD and irradiate it with optical light to evaluate the optical blocking performance. As a result, light leakages are effectively reduced compared with that of the Hitomi CCDs. We thus conclude that the issue is solved by the new design and that the XRISM CCDs satisfy the mission requirement for the SXI.
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Submitted 16 July, 2020; v1 submitted 15 July, 2020;
originally announced July 2020.
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Temporal and Spatial Variation of Synchrotron X-ray Stripes in Tycho's Supernova Remnant
Authors:
Masamune Matsuda,
Takaaki Tanaka,
Hiroyuki Uchida,
Yuki Amano,
Takeshi Go Tsuru
Abstract:
The synchrotron X-ray "stripes" discovered in Tycho's supernova remnant (SNR) have been attracting attention since they may be evidence for proton acceleration up to PeV. We analyzed Chandra data taken in 2003, 2007, 2009, and 2015 for imaging and spectroscopy of the stripes in the southwestern region of the SNR. Comparing images obtained at different epochs, we find that time variability of synch…
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The synchrotron X-ray "stripes" discovered in Tycho's supernova remnant (SNR) have been attracting attention since they may be evidence for proton acceleration up to PeV. We analyzed Chandra data taken in 2003, 2007, 2009, and 2015 for imaging and spectroscopy of the stripes in the southwestern region of the SNR. Comparing images obtained at different epochs, we find that time variability of synchrotron X-rays is not limited to two structures previously reported but is more common in the region. Spectral analysis of nine bright stripes reveals not only their time variabilities but also a strong anti-correlation between the surface brightness and photon indices. The spectra of the nine stripes have photon indices of Γ= 2.1--2.6 and are significantly harder than those of the outer rim of the SNR in the same region with Γ= 2.7--2.9. Based on these findings, we indicate that the magnetic field is substantially amplified, and suggest that particle acceleration through a stochastic process may be at work in the stripes.
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Submitted 15 July, 2020;
originally announced July 2020.
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Evidence for Resonance Scattering in the X-ray Grating Spectrum of the Supernova Remnant N49
Authors:
Yuki Amano,
Hiroyuki Uchida,
Takaaki Tanaka,
Liyi Gu,
Takeshi Go Tsuru
Abstract:
Resonance scattering (RS) is an important process in astronomical objects, because it affects measurements of elemental abundances and distorts surface brightness of the object. It is predicted that RS can occur in plasmas of supernova remnants (SNRs). Although several authors reported hints of RS in SNRs, no strong observational evidence has been established so far. We perform a high-resolution X…
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Resonance scattering (RS) is an important process in astronomical objects, because it affects measurements of elemental abundances and distorts surface brightness of the object. It is predicted that RS can occur in plasmas of supernova remnants (SNRs). Although several authors reported hints of RS in SNRs, no strong observational evidence has been established so far. We perform a high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the SNR N49 with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer aboard XMM-Newton. The RGS spectrum of N49 shows a high G-ratio of O VII He$α$ lines as well as O VIII Ly$β$/$α$ and Fe XVII (3s-2p)/(3d-2p) ratios which cannot be explained by the emission from a thin thermal plasma. These line ratios can be well explained by the effect of RS. Our result implies that RS has a large impact particularly on a measurement of the oxygen abundance.
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Submitted 10 May, 2020;
originally announced May 2020.
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Measurement of Charge Cloud Size in X-ray SOI Pixel Sensors
Authors:
Kouichi Hagino,
Kenji Oono,
Kousuke Negishi,
Keigo Yarita,
Takayoshi Kohmura,
Takeshi G. Tsuru,
Takaaki Tanaka,
Hiroyuki Uchida,
Sodai Harada,
Tomoyuki Okuno,
Kazuho Kayama,
Yuki Amano,
Hideaki Matsumura,
Koji Mori,
Ayaki Takeda,
Yusuke Nishioka,
Kohei Fukuda,
Takahiro Hida,
Masataka Yukumoto,
Yasuo Arai,
Ikuo Kurachi,
Toshinobu Miyoshi,
Shunji Kishimoto
Abstract:
We report on a measurement of the size of charge clouds produced by X-ray photons in X-ray SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) pixel sensor named XRPIX. We carry out a beam scanning experiment of XRPIX using a monochromatic X-ray beam at 5.0 keV collimated to $\sim 10$ $μ$m with a 4-$μ$m$φ$ pinhole, and obtain the spatial distribution of single-pixel events at a sub-pixel scale. The standard deviation of c…
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We report on a measurement of the size of charge clouds produced by X-ray photons in X-ray SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) pixel sensor named XRPIX. We carry out a beam scanning experiment of XRPIX using a monochromatic X-ray beam at 5.0 keV collimated to $\sim 10$ $μ$m with a 4-$μ$m$φ$ pinhole, and obtain the spatial distribution of single-pixel events at a sub-pixel scale. The standard deviation of charge clouds of 5.0 keV X-ray is estimated to be $σ_{\rm cloud} = 4.30 \pm 0.07$ $μ$m. Compared to the detector response simulation, the estimated charge cloud size is well explained by a combination of photoelectron range, thermal diffusion, and Coulomb repulsion. Moreover, by analyzing the fraction of multi-pixel events in various energies, we find that the energy dependence of the charge cloud size is also consistent with the simulation.
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Submitted 30 May, 2019;
originally announced May 2019.
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Subpixel Response of SOI Pixel Sensor for X-ray Astronomy with Pinned Depleted Diode: First Result from Mesh Experiment
Authors:
Kazuho Kayama,
Takeshi G. Tsuru,
Takaaki Tanaka,
Hiroyuki Uchida,
Sodai Harada,
Tomoyuki Okuno,
Yuki Amano,
Junko S. Hiraga,
Masayuki Yoshida,
Yasuaki Kamata,
Shotaro Sakuma,
Daito Yuhi,
Yukino Urabe,
Hiroshi Tsunemi,
Hideaki Matsumura,
Shoji Kawahito,
Keiichiro Kagawa,
Keita Yasutomi,
Sumeet Shrestha,
Syunta Nakanishi,
Hiroki Kamehama,
Yasuo Arai,
Ikuo Kurachi,
Ayaki Takeda,
Koji Mori
, et al. (9 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We have been developing a monolithic active pixel sensor, ``XRPIX``, for the Japan led future X-ray astronomy mission ``FORCE`` observing the X-ray sky in the energy band of 1-80 keV with angular resolution of better than 15``. XRPIX is an upper part of a stack of two sensors of an imager system onboard FORCE, and covers the X-ray energy band lower than 20 keV. The XRPIX device consists of a fully…
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We have been developing a monolithic active pixel sensor, ``XRPIX``, for the Japan led future X-ray astronomy mission ``FORCE`` observing the X-ray sky in the energy band of 1-80 keV with angular resolution of better than 15``. XRPIX is an upper part of a stack of two sensors of an imager system onboard FORCE, and covers the X-ray energy band lower than 20 keV. The XRPIX device consists of a fully depleted high-resistivity silicon sensor layer for X-ray detection, a low resistivity silicon layer for CMOS readout circuit, and a buried oxide layer in between, which is fabricated with 0.2 $μ$ m CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. Each pixel has a trigger circuit with which we can achieve a 10 $μ$ s time resolution, a few orders of magnitude higher than that with X-ray astronomy CCDs. We recently introduced a new type of a device structure, a pinned depleted diode (PDD), in the XRPIX device, and succeeded in improving the spectral performance, especially in a readout mode using the trigger function. In this paper, we apply a mesh experiment to the XRPIX devices for the first time in order to study the spectral response of the PDD device at the subpixel resolution. We confirmed that the PDD structure solves the significant degradation of the charge collection efficiency at the pixel boundaries and in the region under the pixel circuits, which is found in the single SOI structure, the conventional type of the device structure. On the other hand, the spectral line profiles are skewed with low energy tails and the line peaks slightly shift near the pixel boundaries, which contribute to a degradation of the energy resolution.
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Submitted 26 May, 2019;
originally announced May 2019.
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Current-feedback-stabilized laser system for quantum simulation experiments using Yb clock transition at 578 nm
Authors:
Yoshihiro Takata,
Shuta Nakajima,
Jun Kobayashi,
Koki Ono,
Yoshiki Amano,
Yoshiro Takahashi
Abstract:
We developed a laser system for the spectroscopy of the clock transition in ytterbium (Yb) atoms at 578 nm based on an interference-filter stabilized external-cavity diode laser (IFDL) emitting at 1156 nm. Owing to the improved frequency-to-current response of the laser-diode chip and the less sensitivity of the IFDL to mechanical perturbations, we succeeded in stabilizing the frequency to a high-…
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We developed a laser system for the spectroscopy of the clock transition in ytterbium (Yb) atoms at 578 nm based on an interference-filter stabilized external-cavity diode laser (IFDL) emitting at 1156 nm. Owing to the improved frequency-to-current response of the laser-diode chip and the less sensitivity of the IFDL to mechanical perturbations, we succeeded in stabilizing the frequency to a high-finesse ultra-low-expansion glass cavity with a simple current feedback system. Using this laser system, we performed high-resolution clock spectroscopy of Yb and found that the linewidth of the stabilized laser was less than 320 Hz.
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Submitted 13 May, 2019;
originally announced May 2019.
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Performance of SOI Pixel Sensors Developed for X-ray Astronomy
Authors:
Takaaki Tanaka,
Takeshi Go Tsuru,
Hiroyuki Uchida,
Sodai Harada,
Tomoyuki Okuno,
Kazuho Kayama,
Yuki Amano,
Hideaki Matsumura,
Ayaki Takeda,
Koji Mori,
Yusuke Nishioka,
Kohei Fukuda,
Takahiro Hida,
Masataka Yukumoto,
Yasuo Arai,
Ikuo Kurachi,
Shoji Kawahito,
Keiichiro Kagawa,
Keita Yasutomi,
Sumeet Shrestha,
Syunta Nakanishi,
Hiroki Kamehama,
Takayoshi Kohmura,
Kouichi Hagino,
Kousuke Negishi
, et al. (2 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We have been developing monolithic active pixel sensors for X-rays based on the silicon-on-insulator technology. Our device consists of a low-resistivity Si layer for readout CMOS electronics, a high-resistivity Si sensor layer, and a SiO$_2$ layer between them. This configuration allows us both high-speed readout circuits and a thick (on the order of $100~μ{\rm m}$) depletion layer in a monolithi…
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We have been developing monolithic active pixel sensors for X-rays based on the silicon-on-insulator technology. Our device consists of a low-resistivity Si layer for readout CMOS electronics, a high-resistivity Si sensor layer, and a SiO$_2$ layer between them. This configuration allows us both high-speed readout circuits and a thick (on the order of $100~μ{\rm m}$) depletion layer in a monolithic device. Each pixel circuit contains a trigger output function, with which we can achieve a time resolution of $\lesssim 10~μ{\rm s}$. One of our key development items is improvement of the energy resolution. We recently fabricated a device named XRPIX6E, to which we introduced a pinned depleted diode (PDD) structure. The structure reduces the capacitance coupling between the sensing area in the sensor layer and the pixel circuit, which degrades the spectral performance. With XRPIX6E, we achieve an energy resolution of $\sim 150$~eV in full width at half maximum for 6.4-keV X-rays. In addition to the good energy resolution, a large imaging area is required for practical use. We developed and tested XRPIX5b, which has an imaging area size of $21.9~{\rm mm} \times 13.8~{\rm mm}$ and is the largest device that we ever fabricated. We successfully obtain X-ray data from almost all the $608 \times 384$ pixels with high uniformity.
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Submitted 14 December, 2018;
originally announced December 2018.
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Antiferromagnetic Interorbital Spin-Exchange Interaction of $^{171}$Yb
Authors:
Koki Ono,
Jun Kobayashi,
Yoshiki Amano,
Koji Sato,
Yoshiro Takahashi
Abstract:
We report on the investigation of the scattering properties between the ground state $^1S_0$ and the metastable state $^3P_0$ of the fermionic isotope of $^{171}$Yb. We successfully measure the $s$-wave scattering lengths in the two-orbital collision channels as $a_{eg}^+=225(13)a_0$ and $a_{eg}^-=355(6)a_0$, using the clock transition spectroscopy in a three-dimensional optical lattice. The resul…
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We report on the investigation of the scattering properties between the ground state $^1S_0$ and the metastable state $^3P_0$ of the fermionic isotope of $^{171}$Yb. We successfully measure the $s$-wave scattering lengths in the two-orbital collision channels as $a_{eg}^+=225(13)a_0$ and $a_{eg}^-=355(6)a_0$, using the clock transition spectroscopy in a three-dimensional optical lattice. The result shows that the interorbital spin-exchange interaction is antiferromagnetic, indicating that $^{171}$Yb atom is a promising isotope for the quantum simulation of the Kondo effect with the two-orbital system.
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Submitted 13 March, 2019; v1 submitted 1 October, 2018;
originally announced October 2018.
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Pauli-paramagnetic effects on mixed state properties in a strongly anisotropic superconductor ---Application to Sr_2_RuO_4_---
Authors:
Yuujirou Amano,
Masahiro Ishihara,
Masanori Ichioka,
Noriyuki Nakai,
Kazushige Machida
Abstract:
We study theoretically the mixed state properties of a strong uniaxially-anisotropic type II superconductor with the Pauli paramagnetic effect, focusing on their behaviors when the magnetic field orientation is tilted from the conduction layer ab plane. On the basis of Eilenberger theory, we quantitatively estimate significant contributions of the Pauli paramagnetic effects on a variety of physica…
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We study theoretically the mixed state properties of a strong uniaxially-anisotropic type II superconductor with the Pauli paramagnetic effect, focusing on their behaviors when the magnetic field orientation is tilted from the conduction layer ab plane. On the basis of Eilenberger theory, we quantitatively estimate significant contributions of the Pauli paramagnetic effects on a variety of physical observables, including transverse and longitudinal components of the flux line lattice form factors, magnetization curves, Sommerfeld coefficient, field distributions and magnetic torques. We apply these studies to Sr_2_RuO_4_ and quantitatively explain several seemingly curious behaviors, including the H_c2_ suppression for the ab plane direction, the larger anisotropy ratio and intensity found by the spin-flip small angle neutron scattering, and the first order transition observed recently in magneto-caloric, specific heat and magnetization measurements in a coherent and consistent manner. Those lead us to conclude that Sr_2_RuO_4_ is either a spin-singlet or a spin-triplet pairing with the d-vector components in the ab plane.
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Submitted 11 April, 2015;
originally announced April 2015.
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Eilenberger theory and London theory for transverse components of flux line lattice form factors in uniaxial superconductors
Authors:
Yuujirou Amano,
Masahiro Ishihara,
Masanori Ichioka,
Noriyuki Nakai,
Kazushige Machida
Abstract:
We theoretically study the magnetic field orientation dependence of longitudinal and transverse flux line lattice form factors in uniaxial superconductors with anisotropy ratio corresponding to YBa_2_Cu_3_O_{7-delta}. We discuss influences of the anisotropy ratio of coherence length, and differences between the s-wave and the d_{x^2-y^2}-wave pairings. The calculations are performed by two methods…
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We theoretically study the magnetic field orientation dependence of longitudinal and transverse flux line lattice form factors in uniaxial superconductors with anisotropy ratio corresponding to YBa_2_Cu_3_O_{7-delta}. We discuss influences of the anisotropy ratio of coherence length, and differences between the s-wave and the d_{x^2-y^2}-wave pairings. The calculations are performed by two methods, the Eilenberger theory and the London theory comparatively, and we study the cutoff function of the extended London theory, which will be helpful in the analysis of the small angle neutron scattering in the vortex states.
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Submitted 13 October, 2014;
originally announced October 2014.
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Transverse magnetic field and chiral-nonchiral transition in vortex states for nearly B//ab in chiral p-wave superconductors
Authors:
Masahiro Ishihara,
Yuujirou Amano,
Masanori Ichioka,
Kazushige Machida
Abstract:
On the basis of Eilenberger theory, we study the vortex state when a magnetic field is applied nearly parallel to the ab plane in a chiral p-wave superconductor with a large anisotropy ratio of ab and c, as in Sr2RuO4. We quantitatively estimate the field dependence of the pair potential, magnetization, and flux line lattice form factor, and study the transition from the chiral p_- state at low fi…
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On the basis of Eilenberger theory, we study the vortex state when a magnetic field is applied nearly parallel to the ab plane in a chiral p-wave superconductor with a large anisotropy ratio of ab and c, as in Sr2RuO4. We quantitatively estimate the field dependence of the pair potential, magnetization, and flux line lattice form factor, and study the transition from the chiral p_- state at low fields to the nonchiral p_y state at high fields. Even for exactly parallel fields to the ab plane, transverse fields exist in the chiral state. The chiral-nonchiral transition disappears when the magnetic field orientation is tilted within 1 degree from the ab plane. This may be a reason why the experimental detection of this transition is difficult.
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Submitted 5 June, 2013;
originally announced June 2013.
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Electronic structures of CeRu$_2X_2$ ($X$ = Si, Ge) in the paramagnetic phase studied by soft X-ray ARPES and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors:
M. Yano,
A. Sekiyama,
H. Fujiwara,
Y. Amano,
S. Imada,
T. Muro,
M. Yabashi,
K. Tamasaku,
A. Higashiya,
T. Ishikawa,
Y. Onuki,
S. Suga
Abstract:
Soft and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) has been performed for one of the heavy fermion system CeRu$_2$Si$_2$ and a $4f$-localized ferromagnet CeRu$_2$Ge$_2$ in the paramagnetic phase. The three-dimensional band structures and Fermi surface (FS) shapes of CeRu$_2$Si$_2$ have been determined by soft X-ray $hν$-dependent angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). The differenc…
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Soft and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) has been performed for one of the heavy fermion system CeRu$_2$Si$_2$ and a $4f$-localized ferromagnet CeRu$_2$Ge$_2$ in the paramagnetic phase. The three-dimensional band structures and Fermi surface (FS) shapes of CeRu$_2$Si$_2$ have been determined by soft X-ray $hν$-dependent angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). The differences in the Fermi surface topology and the non-$4f$ electronic structures between CeRu$_2$Si$_2$ and CeRu$_2$Ge$_2$ are qualitatively explained by the band-structure calculation for both $4f$ itinerant and localized models, respectively. The Ce valences in CeRu$_2X_2$ ($X$ = Si, Ge) at 20 K are quantitatively estimated by the single impurity Anderson model calculation, where the Ce 3d hard X-ray core-level PES and Ce 3d X-ray absorption spectra have shown stronger hybridization and signature for the partial $4f$ contribution to the conduction electrons in CeRu$_2$Si$_2$.
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Submitted 14 December, 2007; v1 submitted 10 August, 2007;
originally announced August 2007.