Showing 1–50 of 53 results for author: Jacquet, M

Design of a thermal loading resilient optical enhancement cavity for operation at 515 nm for X-ray production through inverse Compton scattering in an energy recovery linac

Authors: Alice Renaux, Aurelien Martens, Yann Peinaud, Ronic Chiche, Kevin Dupraz, Marie Jacquet, Daniele Nutarelli, Fabian Zomer

Abstract: A fast and simple method to optimize a high-power optical enhancement cavity is proposed. It is applied to a four-mirror bow-tie cavity operating at 515 nm, which is to be implemented within the PERLE ERL for the production of X-rays through inverse Compton scattering. The optimized figure of merit is the expected X-ray photon rate. Thermal loading is carefully evaluated, giving also a path toward… ▽ More A fast and simple method to optimize a high-power optical enhancement cavity is proposed. It is applied to a four-mirror bow-tie cavity operating at 515 nm, which is to be implemented within the PERLE ERL for the production of X-rays through inverse Compton scattering. The optimized figure of merit is the expected X-ray photon rate. Thermal loading is carefully evaluated, giving also a path towards very high average power operation in infrared. One shows that photon rates exceeding 10^11 per second at average energies above 280 keV in apertures of a few miliradians are within reach. For easier comparison with existing Compact X-ray sources providing high rates of photons, the performance of the proposed design is also evaluated for a system delivering infrared laser pulses. It is shown that a source delivering more than 10^13 photons per second is achievable with this design, an unprecedented performance for existing Compton X-ray sources. The design procedure employed here can be easily applied to other applications of high-power high-finesse optical cavities. △ Less

Submitted 5 August, 2026; originally announced August 2026.

The Unified Autonomy Stack: Toward a Blueprint for Generalizable Robot Autonomy

Authors: Mihir Dharmadhikari, Nikhil Khedekar, Mihir Kulkarni, Morten Nissov, Martin Jacquet, Angelos Zacharia, Marvin Harms, Albert Gassol Puigjaner, Philipp Weiss, Kostas Alexis

Abstract: We introduce and open-source the Unified Autonomy Stack, a system-level solution that enables resilient autonomy across diverse aerial and ground robot morphologies. The architecture centers on three synergistic modules -- multi-modal perception, multi-behavior planning, and multi-layered safe navigation -- that together deliver comprehensive mission autonomy. The stack fuses data from LiDAR, rada… ▽ More We introduce and open-source the Unified Autonomy Stack, a system-level solution that enables resilient autonomy across diverse aerial and ground robot morphologies. The architecture centers on three synergistic modules -- multi-modal perception, multi-behavior planning, and multi-layered safe navigation -- that together deliver comprehensive mission autonomy. The stack fuses data from LiDAR, radar, vision, and inertial sensing, enabling (a) robust localization and mapping through factor graph-based fusion, (b) semantic scene understanding, (c) motion and informative path planning through sampling-based techniques adaptive across spatial scales, as well as (d) multi-layered safe navigation both through planning on the online reconstructed map and deep learning-driven exteroceptive policies alongside last-resort safety filters using control barrier functions. The resulting behaviors include safe GNSS-denied navigation into unknown and perceptually-degraded regions, exploration of complex environments, object discovery, and efficient inspection planning. The stack has been field-tested and validated on both aerial (rotorcraft) and ground (legged) robots operating in a host of demanding environments, including self-similar and smoke-filled settings, with complex geometries and high obstacle clutter. These tests demonstrate resilient performance in challenging conditions. To facilitate ease of adoption, we open-source the implementation alongside supporting documentation, validation, and evaluation datasets https://github.com/ntnu-arl/unified_autonomy_stack. A video giving the overview of the paper and the field experiments is available at https://youtu.be/l8Su8OXsM-E. △ Less

Submitted 12 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

Comments: 35 pages, 22 figures, 8 tables

DigiForest: Digital Analytics and Robotics for Sustainable Forestry

Authors: Marco Camurri, Enrico Tomelleri, Matías Mattamala, Sebastián Barbas Laina, Martin Jacquet, Jens Behley, Sunni Kanta Prasad Kushwaha, Fang Nan, Nived Chebrolu, Leonard Freißmuth, Marvin Chayton Harms, Meher V. R. Malladi, Fan Yang, Jonas Frey, Cesar Cadena, Marco Hutter, Janine Schweier, Kostas Alexis, Cyrill Stachniss, Maurice Fallon, Stefan Leutenegger

Abstract: Covering one third of Earth's land surface, forests are vital to global biodiversity, climate regulation, and human well-being. In Europe, forests and woodlands reach approximately 40% of land area, and the forestry sector is central to achieving the EU's climate neutrality and biodiversity goals; these emphasize sustainable forest management, increased use of long-lived wood products, and resilie… ▽ More Covering one third of Earth's land surface, forests are vital to global biodiversity, climate regulation, and human well-being. In Europe, forests and woodlands reach approximately 40% of land area, and the forestry sector is central to achieving the EU's climate neutrality and biodiversity goals; these emphasize sustainable forest management, increased use of long-lived wood products, and resilient forest ecosystems. To meet these goals and properly address their inherent challenges, current practices require further innovation. This chapter introduces DigiForest, a novel, large-scale precision forestry approach leveraging digital technologies and autonomous robotics. DigiForest is structured around four main components: (1) autonomous, heterogeneous mobile robots (aerial, legged, and marsupial) for tree-level data collection; (2) automated extraction of tree traits to build forest inventories; (3) a Decision Support System (DSS) for forecasting forest growth and supporting decision-making; and (4) low-impact selective logging using purpose-built autonomous harvesters. These technologies have been extensively validated in real-world conditions in several locations, including forests in Finland, the UK, and Switzerland. △ Less

Submitted 16 April, 2026; originally announced April 2026.

Comments: 34 pages, 24 figures

Momentum correlations of the Hawking effect in a quantum fluid

Authors: Marcos Gil de Olivera, Malo Joly, Antonio Z. Khoury, Alberto Bramati, Maxime J. Jacquet

Abstract: The Hawking effect -- the spontaneous emission of correlated quanta from horizons -- can be observed in laboratory systems where an acoustic horizon forms when a fluid transitions from subcritical to supercritical flow. Although most theoretical and experimental studies have relied on real-space observables, the frequency-dependent nature of the Hawking process motivates a momentum-space analysis… ▽ More The Hawking effect -- the spontaneous emission of correlated quanta from horizons -- can be observed in laboratory systems where an acoustic horizon forms when a fluid transitions from subcritical to supercritical flow. Although most theoretical and experimental studies have relied on real-space observables, the frequency-dependent nature of the Hawking process motivates a momentum-space analysis to access its spectral structure and entanglement features. Here, we numerically compute the momentum-space two-point correlation function in a quantum fluid using the truncated Wigner approximation, a general method applicable to both conservative and driven-dissipative systems. We consider a polaritonic fluid of light in a realistic configuration known to yield strong real-space correlations between Hawking, partner, and witness modes. We find signatures that are directly accessible in state-of-the-art experiments and offer a robust diagnostic of spontaneous emission. Our results form the basis for a new theoretical framework to assess a variety of effects, such as quasi-normal mode emission or modifications of the horizon structure on the Hawking spectrum. △ Less

Submitted 19 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Comments: 13 pages, 6 figures. Comments welcome

Acoustic horizons and the Hawking effect in polariton fluids of light

Authors: Elisabeth Giacobino, Maxime J. Jacquet

Abstract: These lecture notes develop polariton fluids of light as programmable simulators of quantum fields on tailored curved spacetimes, with emphasis on acoustic horizons and the Hawking effect. After introducing exciton-polariton physics in semiconductor microcavities, we detail the theoretical tools to study the mean field and the quantum hydrodynamics of this driven-dissipative quantum system. We der… ▽ More These lecture notes develop polariton fluids of light as programmable simulators of quantum fields on tailored curved spacetimes, with emphasis on acoustic horizons and the Hawking effect. After introducing exciton-polariton physics in semiconductor microcavities, we detail the theoretical tools to study the mean field and the quantum hydrodynamics of this driven-dissipative quantum system. We derive the mapping to relativistic field theories and cast horizon physics as a pseudounitary stationary scattering problem. We present the Gaussian optics circuit that describes observables and fixes detection weights for the horizon modes in near- and far-field measurements. We provide a practical experimental toolkit (phase-imprinted flows, coherent pump-probe spectroscopy, balanced and homodyne detection) and a step-by-step workflow to extract amplification, quadrature squeezing, and entanglement among correlations. Finally, we discuss the potential of this platform to investigate open questions in quantum field theory in curved spacetime, such as near horizon effects and quasinormal modes, as well as other phenomena universal to rotating geometries, from rotational superradiance to dynamical instabilities. We further outline the interplay between rotational superradiance and the Hawking effect, proposing to spatially resolve measurements as a roadmap for `dumb hole spectroscopy' and the study of entanglement dynamics in curved spacetimes. △ Less

Submitted 16 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Comments: Lecture notes based on the course given by EG at "Analogue Gravity 2023", Benasque. 52 pages, 14 figures. Adapted from MJJ HDR manuscript

Neural NMPC through Signed Distance Field Encoding for Collision Avoidance

Authors: Martin Jacquet, Marvin Harms, Kostas Alexis

Abstract: This paper introduces a neural Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) framework for mapless, collision-free navigation in unknown environments with Aerial Robots, using onboard range sensing. We leverage deep neural networks to encode a single range image, capturing all the available information about the environment, into a Signed Distance Function (SDF). The proposed neural architecture consi… ▽ More This paper introduces a neural Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) framework for mapless, collision-free navigation in unknown environments with Aerial Robots, using onboard range sensing. We leverage deep neural networks to encode a single range image, capturing all the available information about the environment, into a Signed Distance Function (SDF). The proposed neural architecture consists of two cascaded networks: a convolutional encoder that compresses the input image into a low-dimensional latent vector, and a Multi-Layer Perceptron that approximates the corresponding spatial SDF. This latter network parametrizes an explicit position constraint used for collision avoidance, which is embedded in a velocity-tracking NMPC that outputs thrust and attitude commands to the robot. First, a theoretical analysis of the contributed NMPC is conducted, verifying recursive feasibility and stability properties under fixed observations. Subsequently, we evaluate the open-loop performance of the learning-based components as well as the closed-loop performance of the controller in simulations and experiments. The simulation study includes an ablation study, comparisons with two state-of-the-art local navigation methods, and an assessment of the resilience to drifting odometry. The real-world experiments are conducted in forest environments, demonstrating that the neural NMPC effectively performs collision avoidance in cluttered settings against an adversarial reference velocity input and drifting position estimates. △ Less

Submitted 26 November, 2025; originally announced November 2025.

Comments: accepted for publication in IJRR

Stimulated Hawking effect and quasinormal mode resonance in a polariton simulator of field theory on curved spacetime

Authors: Mattheus Burkhard, Malte Kroj, Kévin Falque, Alberto Bramati, Iacopo Carusotto, Maxime J Jacquet

Abstract: The Hawking effect amplifies fluctuations in the vicinity of horizons, both in black holes and in analogue platforms. Here, we consider a polariton simulator and numerically examine the \emph{stimulated} Hawking effect using a coherent probe incident on the horizon from the exterior. We implement an experimentally realistic effective spacetime that supports a quasinormal mode (QNM) in the vici… ▽ More The Hawking effect amplifies fluctuations in the vicinity of horizons, both in black holes and in analogue platforms. Here, we consider a polariton simulator and numerically examine the \emph{stimulated} Hawking effect using a coherent probe incident on the horizon from the exterior. We implement an experimentally realistic effective spacetime that supports a quasinormal mode (QNM) in the vicinity of the horizon. We find that the stimulated Hawking effect manifests as transmission into a negative-energy Bogoliubov channel inside the horizon, consistent with pseudo-unitary Bogoliubov scattering. Moreover, transmission across the horizon peaks at the QNM frequency. The computed spectral signatures provide a practical guide for future experimental investigations of the Hawking effect and its interplay with QNMs, an open question in quantum field theory in curved spacetime. △ Less

Submitted 15 November, 2025; originally announced November 2025.

Multiply quantized vortex spectroscopy in a quantum fluid of light

Authors: Killian Guerrero, Kevin Falque, Elisabeth Giacobino, Alberto Bramati, Maxime J Jacquet

Abstract: The formation of quantized vortices is a unifying feature of quantum mechanical systems, making it a premier means for fundamental and comparative studies of different quantum fluids. Being excited states of motion, vortices are normally unstable towards relaxation into lower energy states. However, here we exploit the driven-dissipative nature of polaritonic fluids of light to create stationary,… ▽ More The formation of quantized vortices is a unifying feature of quantum mechanical systems, making it a premier means for fundamental and comparative studies of different quantum fluids. Being excited states of motion, vortices are normally unstable towards relaxation into lower energy states. However, here we exploit the driven-dissipative nature of polaritonic fluids of light to create stationary, multiply charged vortices. We measure the spectrum of collective excitations and observe negative energy modes at the core and positive energy modes at large radii. Their coexistence at the same frequency normally causes the dynamical instability, but here intrinsic losses stabilize the system, allowing for phase pinning by the pump on macroscopic scales. We observe generic features of quantized vortices in quantum fluids and other rotating geometries like astrophysical compact objects, opening the way to the study of generic amplification phenomena. △ Less

Submitted 26 November, 2025; v1 submitted 19 July, 2025; originally announced July 2025.

Comments: 12 pages, 7 figs. Version accepted for publication

GATE 10 Monte Carlo particle transport simulation -- Part I: development and new features

Authors: David Sarrut, Nicolas Arbor, Thomas Baudier, Julien Bert, Konstantinos Chatzipapas, Martina Favaretto, Hermann Fuchs, Loïc Grevillot, Hussein Harb, Gert Van Hoey, Maxime Jacquet, Sébastien Jan, Yihan Jia, George C. Kagadis, Han Gyu Kang, Paul Klever, Olga Kochebina, Wojciech Krzemien, Lydia Maigne, Philipp Mohr, Guneet Mummaneni, Valentina Paneta, Panagiotis Papadimitroulas, Alexis Pereda, Axel Rannou , et al. (8 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We present GATE version 10, a major evolution of the open-source Monte Carlo simulation application for medical physics, built on Geant4. This release marks a transformative evolution, featuring a modern Python-based user interface, enhanced multithreading and multiprocessing capabilities, the ability to be embedded as a library within other software, and a streamlined framework for collaborative… ▽ More We present GATE version 10, a major evolution of the open-source Monte Carlo simulation application for medical physics, built on Geant4. This release marks a transformative evolution, featuring a modern Python-based user interface, enhanced multithreading and multiprocessing capabilities, the ability to be embedded as a library within other software, and a streamlined framework for collaborative development. In this Part 1 paper, we outline GATE's position among other Monte Carlo codes, the core principles driving this evolution, and the robust development cycle employed. We also detail the new features and improvements. Part 2 will detail the architectural innovations and technical challenges. By combining an open, collaborative framework with cutting-edge features, such a Monte Carlo platform supports a wide range of academic and industrial research, solidifying its role as a critical tool for innovation in medical physics. △ Less

Submitted 17 July, 2025; v1 submitted 13 July, 2025; originally announced July 2025.

GATE 10 Monte Carlo particle transport simulation -- Part II: architecture and innovations

Authors: Nils Krah, Nicolas Arbor, Thomas Baudier, Julien Bert, Konstantinos Chatzipapas, Martina Favaretto, Hermann Fuchs, Loïc Grevillot, Hussein Harb, Gert Van Hoey, Maxime Jacquet, Sébastien Jan, Yihan Jia, George C. Kagadis, Han Gyu Kang, Paul Klever, Olga Kochebina, Lydia Maigne, Philipp Mohr, Guneet Mummaneni, Valentina Paneta, Panagiotis Papadimitroulas, Alexis Pereda, Axel Rannou, Andreas F. Resch , et al. (7 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Over the past years, we have developed GATE version 10, a major re-implementation of the long-standing Geant4-based Monte Carlo application for particle and radiation transport simulation in medical physics. This release introduces many new features and significant improvements, most notably a Python-based user interface replacing the legacy static input files. The new functionality of GATE versio… ▽ More Over the past years, we have developed GATE version 10, a major re-implementation of the long-standing Geant4-based Monte Carlo application for particle and radiation transport simulation in medical physics. This release introduces many new features and significant improvements, most notably a Python-based user interface replacing the legacy static input files. The new functionality of GATE version 10 is described in the part 1 companion paper. The development brought significant challenges. In this paper, we present the solutions that we have developed to overcome these challenges. In particular, we present a modular design that robustly manages the core components of a simulation: particle sources, geometry, physics processes, and data acquisition. The architecture consists of parts written in C++ and Python, which needed to be coupled. We explain how this framework allows for the precise, time-aware generation of primary particles, a critical requirement for accurately modeling positron emission tomography (PET), radionuclide therapies, and prompt-gamma timing systems. We present how GATE 10 handles complex Geant4 physics settings while exposing a simple interface to the user. Furthermore, we describe the technical solutions that facilitate the seamless integration of advanced physics models and variance reduction techniques. The architecture supports sophisticated scoring of physical quantities (such as Linear Energy Transfer and Relative Biological Effectiveness) and is designed for multithreaded execution. The new user interface allows researchers to script complex simulation workflows and directly couple external tools, such as artificial intelligence models for source generation or detector response. By detailing these architectural innovations, we demonstrate how GATE 10 provides a more powerful and flexible tool for research and innovation in medical physics. △ Less

Submitted 17 July, 2025; v1 submitted 13 July, 2025; originally announced July 2025.

Machine Learning for Cyber-Attack Identification from Traffic Flows

Authors: Yujing Zhou, Marc L. Jacquet, Robel Dawit, Skyler Fabre, Dev Sarawat, Faheem Khan, Madison Newell, Yongxin Liu, Dahai Liu, Hongyun Chen, Jian Wang, Huihui Wang

Abstract: This paper presents our simulation of cyber-attacks and detection strategies on the traffic control system in Daytona Beach, FL. using Raspberry Pi virtual machines and the OPNSense firewall, along with traffic dynamics from SUMO and exploitation via the Metasploit framework. We try to answer the research questions: are we able to identify cyber attacks by only analyzing traffic flow patterns. In… ▽ More This paper presents our simulation of cyber-attacks and detection strategies on the traffic control system in Daytona Beach, FL. using Raspberry Pi virtual machines and the OPNSense firewall, along with traffic dynamics from SUMO and exploitation via the Metasploit framework. We try to answer the research questions: are we able to identify cyber attacks by only analyzing traffic flow patterns. In this research, the cyber attacks are focused particularly when lights are randomly turned all green or red at busy intersections by adversarial attackers. Despite challenges stemming from imbalanced data and overlapping traffic patterns, our best model shows 85\% accuracy when detecting intrusions purely using traffic flow statistics. Key indicators for successful detection included occupancy, jam length, and halting durations. △ Less

Submitted 2 May, 2025; originally announced May 2025.

Explainable Machine Learning for Cyberattack Identification from Traffic Flows

Authors: Yujing Zhou, Marc L. Jacquet, Robel Dawit, Skyler Fabre, Dev Sarawat, Faheem Khan, Madison Newell, Yongxin Liu, Dahai Liu, Hongyun Chen, Jian Wang, Huihui Wang

Abstract: The increasing automation of traffic management systems has made them prime targets for cyberattacks, disrupting urban mobility and public safety. Traditional network-layer defenses are often inaccessible to transportation agencies, necessitating a machine learning-based approach that relies solely on traffic flow data. In this study, we simulate cyberattacks in a semi-realistic environment, using… ▽ More The increasing automation of traffic management systems has made them prime targets for cyberattacks, disrupting urban mobility and public safety. Traditional network-layer defenses are often inaccessible to transportation agencies, necessitating a machine learning-based approach that relies solely on traffic flow data. In this study, we simulate cyberattacks in a semi-realistic environment, using a virtualized traffic network to analyze disruption patterns. We develop a deep learning-based anomaly detection system, demonstrating that Longest Stop Duration and Total Jam Distance are key indicators of compromised signals. To enhance interpretability, we apply Explainable AI (XAI) techniques, identifying critical decision factors and diagnosing misclassification errors. Our analysis reveals two primary challenges: transitional data inconsistencies, where mislabeled recovery-phase traffic misleads the model, and model limitations, where stealth attacks in low-traffic conditions evade detection. This work enhances AI-driven traffic security, improving both detection accuracy and trustworthiness in smart transportation systems. △ Less

Submitted 2 May, 2025; originally announced May 2025.

Embedded Safe Reactive Navigation for Multirotors Systems using Control Barrier Functions

Authors: Nazar Misyats, Marvin Harms, Morten Nissov, Martin Jacquet, Kostas Alexis

Abstract: Aiming to promote the wide adoption of safety filters for autonomous aerial robots, this paper presents a safe control architecture designed for seamless integration into widely used open-source autopilots. Departing from methods that require consistent localization and mapping, we formalize the obstacle avoidance problem as a composite control barrier function constructed only from the online onb… ▽ More Aiming to promote the wide adoption of safety filters for autonomous aerial robots, this paper presents a safe control architecture designed for seamless integration into widely used open-source autopilots. Departing from methods that require consistent localization and mapping, we formalize the obstacle avoidance problem as a composite control barrier function constructed only from the online onboard range measurements. The proposed framework acts as a safety filter, modifying the acceleration references derived by the nominal position/velocity control loops, and is integrated into the PX4 autopilot stack. Experimental studies using a small multirotor aerial robot demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the solution within dynamic maneuvering and unknown environments. △ Less

Submitted 22 April, 2025; originally announced April 2025.

Comments: accepted for publication at ICUAS 2025

Safe Quadrotor Navigation using Composite Control Barrier Functions

Authors: Marvin Harms, Martin Jacquet, Kostas Alexis

Abstract: This paper introduces a safety filter to ensure collision avoidance for multirotor aerial robots. The proposed formalism leverages a single Composite Control Barrier Function from all position constraints acting on a third-order nonlinear representation of the robot's dynamics. We analyze the recursive feasibility of the safety filter under the composite constraint and demonstrate that the infeasi… ▽ More This paper introduces a safety filter to ensure collision avoidance for multirotor aerial robots. The proposed formalism leverages a single Composite Control Barrier Function from all position constraints acting on a third-order nonlinear representation of the robot's dynamics. We analyze the recursive feasibility of the safety filter under the composite constraint and demonstrate that the infeasible set is negligible. The proposed method allows computational scalability against thousands of constraints and, thus, complex scenes with numerous obstacles. We experimentally demonstrate its ability to guarantee the safety of a quadrotor with an onboard LiDAR, operating in both indoor and outdoor cluttered environments against both naive and adversarial nominal policies. △ Less

Submitted 6 February, 2025; originally announced February 2025.

Comments: Accepted for Presentation at International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2025

Machine Learning-Assisted Measurement of Lepton-Jet Azimuthal Angular Asymmetries in Deep-Inelastic Scattering at HERA

Authors: The H1 collaboration, V. Andreev, M. Arratia, A. Baghdasaryan, A. Baty, K. Begzsuren, A. Bolz, V. Boudry, G. Brandt, D. Britzger, A. Buniatyan, L. Bystritskaya, A. J. Campbell, K. B. Cantun Avila, K. Cerny, V. Chekelian, Z. Chen, J. G. Contreras, J. Cvach, J. B. Dainton, K. Daum, A. Deshpande, C. Diaconu, A. Drees, G. Eckerlin , et al. (119 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: In deep-inelastic positron-proton scattering, the lepton-jet azimuthal angular asymmetry is measured using data collected with the H1 detector at HERA. When the average transverse momentum of the lepton-jet system, $\lvert \vec{P}_\perp \rvert $, is much larger than the total transverse momentum of the system, $\lvert \vec{q}_\perp \rvert$, the asymmetry between parallel and antiparallel configura… ▽ More In deep-inelastic positron-proton scattering, the lepton-jet azimuthal angular asymmetry is measured using data collected with the H1 detector at HERA. When the average transverse momentum of the lepton-jet system, $\lvert \vec{P}_\perp \rvert $, is much larger than the total transverse momentum of the system, $\lvert \vec{q}_\perp \rvert$, the asymmetry between parallel and antiparallel configurations, $\vec{P}_\perp$ and $\vec{q}_\perp$, is expected to be generated by initial and final state soft gluon radiation and can be predicted using perturbation theory. Quantifying the angular properties of the asymmetry therefore provides an additional test of the strong force. Studying the asymmetry is important for future measurements of intrinsic asymmetries generated by the proton's constituents through Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs), where this asymmetry constitutes a dominant background. Moments of the azimuthal asymmetries are measured using a machine learning method for unfolding that does not require binning. △ Less

Submitted 21 December, 2024; v1 submitted 18 December, 2024; originally announced December 2024.

Comments: 15 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, updated affiliations and acknowledgements

Report number: DESY24-200

Neural Control Barrier Functions for Safe Navigation

Authors: Marvin Harms, Mihir Kulkarni, Nikhil Khedekar, Martin Jacquet, Kostas Alexis

Abstract: Autonomous robot navigation can be particularly demanding, especially when the surrounding environment is not known and safety of the robot is crucial. This work relates to the synthesis of Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) through data for safe navigation in unknown environments. A novel methodology to jointly learn CBFs and corresponding safe controllers, in simulation, inspired by the State Depe… ▽ More Autonomous robot navigation can be particularly demanding, especially when the surrounding environment is not known and safety of the robot is crucial. This work relates to the synthesis of Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) through data for safe navigation in unknown environments. A novel methodology to jointly learn CBFs and corresponding safe controllers, in simulation, inspired by the State Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) is proposed. The CBF is used to obtain admissible commands from any nominal, possibly unsafe controller. An approach to apply the CBF inside a safety filter without the need for a consistent map or position estimate is developed. Subsequently, the resulting reactive safety filter is deployed on a multirotor platform integrating a LiDAR sensor both in simulation and real-world experiments. △ Less

Submitted 29 July, 2024; originally announced July 2024.

Comments: Accepted for presentation at IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) 2024

Measurement of groomed event shape observables in deep-inelastic electron-proton scattering at HERA

Authors: The H1 collaboration, V. Andreev, M. Arratia, A. Baghdasaryan, A. Baty, K. Begzsuren, A. Bolz, V. Boudry, G. Brandt, D. Britzger, A. Buniatyan, L. Bystritskaya, A. J. Campbell, K. B. Cantun Avila, K. Cerny, V. Chekelian, Z. Chen, J. G. Contreras, J. Cvach, J. B. Dainton, K. Daum, A. Deshpande, C. Diaconu, A. Drees, G. Eckerlin , et al. (123 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The H1 Collaboration at HERA reports the first measurement of groomed event shape observables in deep inelastic electron-proton scattering (DIS) at $\sqrt{s}=319$ GeV, using data recorded between the years 2003 and 2007 with an integrated luminosity of $351$ pb$^{-1}$. Event shapes provide incisive probes of perturbative and non-perturbative QCD. Grooming techniques have been used for jet measurem… ▽ More The H1 Collaboration at HERA reports the first measurement of groomed event shape observables in deep inelastic electron-proton scattering (DIS) at $\sqrt{s}=319$ GeV, using data recorded between the years 2003 and 2007 with an integrated luminosity of $351$ pb$^{-1}$. Event shapes provide incisive probes of perturbative and non-perturbative QCD. Grooming techniques have been used for jet measurements in hadronic collisions; this paper presents the first application of grooming to DIS data. The analysis is carried out in the Breit frame, utilizing the novel Centauro jet clustering algorithm that is designed for DIS event topologies. Events are required to have squared momentum-transfer $Q^2 > 150$ GeV$^2$ and inelasticity $ 0.2 < y < 0.7$. We report measurements of the production cross section of groomed event 1-jettiness and groomed invariant mass for several choices of grooming parameter. Monte Carlo model calculations and analytic calculations based on Soft Collinear Effective Theory are compared to the measurements. △ Less

Submitted 1 August, 2024; v1 submitted 15 March, 2024; originally announced March 2024.

Comments: 32 pages, 17 tables, 7 figures, version as accepted by EPJ C

Report number: DESY-24-036

Journal ref: EPJC 84 (2024), 718

Measurement of the 1-jettiness event shape observable in deep-inelastic electron-proton scattering at HERA

Authors: The H1 collaboration, V. Andreev, M. Arratia, A. Baghdasaryan, A. Baty, K. Begzsuren, A. Bolz, V. Boudry, G. Brandt, D. Britzger, A. Buniatyan, L. Bystritskaya, A. J. Campbell, K. B. Cantun Avila, K. Cerny, V. Chekelian, Z. Chen, J. G. Contreras, J. Cvach, J. B. Dainton, K. Daum, A. Deshpande, C. Diaconu, A. Drees, G. Eckerlin , et al. (124 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The H1 Collaboration reports the first measurement of the 1-jettiness event shape observable $τ_1^b$ in neutral-current deep-inelastic electron-proton scattering (DIS). The observable $τ_1^b$ is equivalent to a thrust observable defined in the Breit frame. The data sample was collected at the HERA $ep$ collider in the years 2003-2007 with center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=319\,\text{GeV}$, corres… ▽ More The H1 Collaboration reports the first measurement of the 1-jettiness event shape observable $τ_1^b$ in neutral-current deep-inelastic electron-proton scattering (DIS). The observable $τ_1^b$ is equivalent to a thrust observable defined in the Breit frame. The data sample was collected at the HERA $ep$ collider in the years 2003-2007 with center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=319\,\text{GeV}$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $351.1\,\text{pb}^{-1}$. Triple differential cross sections are provided as a function of $τ_1^b$, event virtuality $Q^2$, and inelasticity $y$, in the kinematic region $Q^2>150\,\text{GeV}^{2}$. Single differential cross section are provided as a function of $τ_1^b$ in a limited kinematic range. Double differential cross sections are measured, in contrast, integrated over $τ_1^b$ and represent the inclusive neutral-current DIS cross section measured as a function of $Q^2$ and $y$. The data are compared to a variety of predictions and include classical and modern Monte Carlo event generators, predictions in fixed-order perturbative QCD where calculations up to $\mathcal{O}(α_s^3)$ are available for $τ_1^b$ or inclusive DIS, and resummed predictions at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy matched to fixed order predictions at $\mathcal{O}(α_s^2)$. These comparisons reveal sensitivity of the 1-jettiness observable to QCD parton shower and resummation effects, as well as the modeling of hadronization and fragmentation. Within their range of validity, the fixed-order predictions provide a good description of the data. Monte Carlo event generators are predictive over the full measured range and hence their underlying models and parameters can be constrained by comparing to the presented data. △ Less

Submitted 15 March, 2024; originally announced March 2024.

Comments: 45 pages, 38 tables, 13 figures

Report number: DESY-24-035

Observation and differential cross section measurement of neutral current DIS events with an empty hemisphere in the Breit frame

Authors: The H1 collaboration, V. Andreev, M. Arratia, A. Baghdasaryan, A. Baty, K. Begzsuren, A. Bolz, V. Boudry, G. Brandt, D. Britzger, A. Buniatyan, L. Bystritskaya, A. J. Campbell, K. B. Cantun Avila, K. Cerny, V. Chekelian, Z. Chen, J. G. Contreras, J. Cvach, J. B. Dainton, K. Daum, A. Deshpande, C. Diaconu, A. Drees, G. Eckerlin , et al. (124 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Breit frame provides a natural frame to analyze lepton-proton scattering events. In this reference frame, the parton model hard interactions between a quark and an exchanged boson defines the coordinate system such that the struck quark is back-scattered along the virtual photon momentum direction. In Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), higher order perturbative or non-perturbative effects can chang… ▽ More The Breit frame provides a natural frame to analyze lepton-proton scattering events. In this reference frame, the parton model hard interactions between a quark and an exchanged boson defines the coordinate system such that the struck quark is back-scattered along the virtual photon momentum direction. In Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), higher order perturbative or non-perturbative effects can change this picture drastically. As Bjorken-$x$ decreases below one half, a rather peculiar event signature is predicted with increasing probability, where no radiation is present in one of the two Breit-frame hemispheres and all emissions are to be found in the other hemisphere. At higher orders in $α_s$ or in the presence of soft QCD effects, predictions of the rate of these events are far from trivial, and that motivates measurements with real data. We report on the first observation of the empty current hemisphere events in electron-proton collisions at the HERA collider using data recorded with the H1 detector at a center-of-mass energy of 319 GeV. The fraction of inclusive neutral-current DIS events with an empty hemisphere is found to be $0.0112 \pm 3.9\,\%_\text{stat} \pm 4.5\,\%_\text{syst} \pm 1.6\,\%_\text{mod}$ in the selected kinematic region of $150< Q^2<1500$ GeV$^2$ and inelasticity $0.14< y<0.7$. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 351.1 pb$^{-1}$, sufficient to enable differential cross section measurements of these events. The results show an enhanced discriminating power at lower Bjorken-$x$ among different Monte Carlo event generator predictions. △ Less

Submitted 1 August, 2024; v1 submitted 13 March, 2024; originally announced March 2024.

Comments: 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 Tables. This version as accepted for publication

Report number: DESY-24-034

Journal ref: EPJC 84 (2024), 720

N-MPC for Deep Neural Network-Based Collision Avoidance exploiting Depth Images

Authors: Martin Jacquet, Kostas Alexis

Abstract: This paper introduces a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (N-MPC) framework exploiting a Deep Neural Network for processing onboard-captured depth images for collision avoidance in trajectory-tracking tasks with UAVs. The network is trained on simulated depth images to output a collision score for queried 3D points within the sensor field of view. Then, this network is translated into an algebrai… ▽ More This paper introduces a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (N-MPC) framework exploiting a Deep Neural Network for processing onboard-captured depth images for collision avoidance in trajectory-tracking tasks with UAVs. The network is trained on simulated depth images to output a collision score for queried 3D points within the sensor field of view. Then, this network is translated into an algebraic symbolic equation and included in the N-MPC, explicitly constraining predicted positions to be collision-free throughout the receding horizon. The N-MPC achieves real time control of a UAV with a control frequency of 100Hz. The proposed framework is validated through statistical analysis of the collision classifier network, as well as Gazebo simulations and real experiments to assess the resulting capabilities of the N-MPC to effectively avoid collisions in cluttered environments. The associated code is released open-source along with the training images. △ Less

Submitted 20 February, 2024; originally announced February 2024.

Comments: Accepted to the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2024

Polariton Fluids as Quantum Field Theory Simulators on Tailored Curved Spacetimes

Authors: Kévin Falque, Adrià Delhom, Quentin Glorieux, Elisabeth Giacobino, Alberto Bramati, Maxime J Jacquet

Abstract: Quantum fields in curved spacetime exhibit a wealth of effects like Hawking radiation from black holes. While quantum field theory in black holes can only be studied theoretically, it can be tested in controlled laboratory experiments. In experiments, a fluid going from sub- to supersonic speed creates an effectively curved spacetime for the acoustic field, with a horizon where the speed of the fl… ▽ More Quantum fields in curved spacetime exhibit a wealth of effects like Hawking radiation from black holes. While quantum field theory in black holes can only be studied theoretically, it can be tested in controlled laboratory experiments. In experiments, a fluid going from sub- to supersonic speed creates an effectively curved spacetime for the acoustic field, with a horizon where the speed of the fluid equals the speed of sound. The challenge to test predictions like the Hawking effect in such systems lies in the control of the spacetime curvature and access to the field spectrum thereon. Here, we create tailored stationary effective curved spacetimes in a polaritonic quantum fluid of light in which either massless or massive excitations can be created, with smooth and steep horizons and various supersonic fluid speeds. Using a recently developed spectroscopy method we measure the spectrum of collective excitations on these spacetimes, crucially observing negative energy modes in the supersonic regions, which signals the formation of a horizon. Control over the horizon curvature and access to the spectrum on either side demonstrates the potential of quantum fluids of light for the study of field theories on curved spacetimes, and we discuss the possibility of investigating emission and spectral instabilities with a horizon or in an effective Exotic Compact Object configuration. △ Less

Submitted 5 July, 2024; v1 submitted 2 November, 2023; originally announced November 2023.

Comments: main 7 pages, 4 figures + appendix. Comments welcome

Entanglement from superradiance and rotating quantum fluids of light

Authors: Adrià Delhom, Killian Guerrero, Paula Calizaya, Kévin Falque, Alberto Bramati, Anthony J. Brady, Maxime J. Jacquet, Ivan Agullo

Abstract: The amplification of radiation by superradiance is a universal phenomenon observed in numerous physical systems. We demonstrate that superradiant scattering generates entanglement for different input states, including coherent states, thereby establishing the inherently quantum nature of this phenomenon. To put these concepts to the test, we propose a novel approach to create horizonless ergoregio… ▽ More The amplification of radiation by superradiance is a universal phenomenon observed in numerous physical systems. We demonstrate that superradiant scattering generates entanglement for different input states, including coherent states, thereby establishing the inherently quantum nature of this phenomenon. To put these concepts to the test, we propose a novel approach to create horizonless ergoregions, which are nonetheless dynamically stable thanks to the dissipative dynamics of a polaritonic fluid of light. We numerically simulate the system to demonstrate the creation of a stable ergoregion. Subsequently, we investigate rotational superradiance within this system, with a primary focus on entanglement generation and the possibilities for its enhancement using current techniques. Our methods permit the investigation of quantum emission by rotational superradiance in state-of-the-art experiments, in which the input state can be controlled at will. △ Less

Submitted 29 May, 2024; v1 submitted 24 October, 2023; originally announced October 2023.

Comments: Updated to match published version. 13 pages with 10 figures (main body of the article) + 11 pages (references + appendices with two extra figures and a table with numerical data)

Observation of the diffusive Nambu-Goldstone mode of a non-equilibrium phase transition

Authors: Ferdinand Claude, Maxime J. Jacquet, Michiel Wouters, Elisabeth Giacobino, Quentin Glorieux, Iacopo Carusotto, Alberto Bramati

Abstract: Second-order phase transitions are governed by spontaneous symmetry breaking, which yield collective excitations with a gapless spectrum called Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes. While NG modes in conservative systems are propagating excitations, non-equilibrium phase transitions have been predicted to feature a diffusive NG mode. We present the first experimental evidence of a diffusive NG mode in a non… ▽ More Second-order phase transitions are governed by spontaneous symmetry breaking, which yield collective excitations with a gapless spectrum called Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes. While NG modes in conservative systems are propagating excitations, non-equilibrium phase transitions have been predicted to feature a diffusive NG mode. We present the first experimental evidence of a diffusive NG mode in a non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensate of microcavity polaritons. The NG mode is observed as a spectral narrowing in the spectroscopic response of the condensate. Additionally, explicitly breaking the symmetry causes the opening of a gap in the spectrum and the disappearance of the NG mode. Our observations confirm the diffusive dynamics of the NG mode of non-equilibrium phase transitions and establish a promising framework to investigate fundamental questions in statistical mechanics. △ Less

Submitted 18 October, 2023; originally announced October 2023.

Comments: 8 pages + refs + appendix, 6 figures

A high sensitivity Cherenkov detector for Prompt Gamma Timing and Time Imaging

Authors: Maxime Jacquet, Saba Ansari, Marie-Laure Gallin-Martel, Adélie André, Yannick Boursier, Mathieu Dupont, Jilali Es-smimih, Laurent Gallin-Martel, Joël Hérault, Christophe Hoarau, Johan-Petter Hofverberg, Daniel Maneval, Christian Morel, Jean-François Muraz, Fabrice Salicis, Sara Marcatili

Abstract: We recently proposed a new approach for the real-time monitoring of particle therapy treatments with the goal of achieving high sensitivities on the particle range measurement already at limited counting statistics. This method extends the Prompt Gamma (PG) timing technique to obtain the PG vertex distribution from the exclusive measurement of particle Time-Of-Flight (TOF). It was previously shown… ▽ More We recently proposed a new approach for the real-time monitoring of particle therapy treatments with the goal of achieving high sensitivities on the particle range measurement already at limited counting statistics. This method extends the Prompt Gamma (PG) timing technique to obtain the PG vertex distribution from the exclusive measurement of particle Time-Of-Flight (TOF). It was previously shown, through Monte Carlo simulation, that an original data reconstruction algorithm (Prompt Gamma Time Imaging) allows to combine the response of multiple detectors placed around the target. In this work we focus on the experimental feasibility of PGTI in Single Proton Regime (SPR) through the development of a multi-channel, Cherenkov-based PG detector with a targeted time resolution of 235 ps (FWHM): the TOF Imaging ARrAy (TIARA). The PG module that we developed is composed of a small PbF$_{2}$ crystal coupled to a silicon photoMultiplier to provide the time stamp of the PG. This prototype was tested with 63 MeV protons delivered from a cyclotron: a time resolution of 276 ps (FWHM) was obtained, resulting in a proton range sensitivity of 4 mm at 2$σ$ with the acquisition of only 600 PGs. A second prototype was also evaluated with 148 MeV protons delivered from a synchro-cyclotron obtaining a time resolution below 167 ps (FWHM) for the gamma detector. Moreover, using two identical PG modules, it was shown that a uniform sensitivity on the PG profiles would be achievable by combining the response of gamma detectors uniformly distributed around the target. This work provides the experimental proof-of-concept for the development of a high sensitivity detector that can be used to monitor particle therapy treatments and potentially act in real-time if the irradiation does not comply to treatment plan. △ Less

Submitted 7 September, 2023; originally announced September 2023.

Journal ref: Sci Rep 13, 3609 (2023)

Unbinned Deep Learning Jet Substructure Measurement in High $Q^2$ ep collisions at HERA

Authors: The H1 collaboration, V. Andreev, M. Arratia, A. Baghdasaryan, A. Baty, K. Begzsuren, A. Bolz, V. Boudry, G. Brandt, D. Britzger, A. Buniatyan, L. Bystritskaya, A. J. Campbell, K. B. Cantun Avila, K. Cerny, V. Chekelian, Z. Chen, J. G. Contreras, J. Cvach, J. B. Dainton, K. Daum, A. Deshpande, C. Diaconu, A. Drees, G. Eckerlin , et al. (120 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The radiation pattern within high energy quark- and gluon-initiated jets (jet substructure) is used extensively as a precision probe of the strong force as well as an environment for optimizing event generators with numerous applications in high energy particle and nuclear physics. Looking at electron-proton collisions is of particular interest as many of the complications present at hadron collid… ▽ More The radiation pattern within high energy quark- and gluon-initiated jets (jet substructure) is used extensively as a precision probe of the strong force as well as an environment for optimizing event generators with numerous applications in high energy particle and nuclear physics. Looking at electron-proton collisions is of particular interest as many of the complications present at hadron colliders are absent. A detailed study of modern jet substructure observables, jet angularities, in electron-proton collisions is presented using data recorded using the H1 detector at HERA. The measurement is unbinned and multi-dimensional, using machine learning to correct for detector effects. All of the available reconstructed object information of the respective jets is interpreted by a graph neural network, achieving superior precision on a selected set of jet angularities. Training these networks was enabled by the use of a large number of GPUs in the Perlmutter supercomputer at Berkeley Lab. The particle jets are reconstructed in the laboratory frame, using the $k_{\mathrm{T}}$ jet clustering algorithm. Results are reported at high transverse momentum transfer $Q^2>150$ GeV${}^2$, and inelasticity $0.2 < y < 0.7$. The analysis is also performed in sub-regions of $Q^2$, thus probing scale dependencies of the substructure variables. The data are compared with a variety of predictions and point towards possible improvements of such models. △ Less

Submitted 14 September, 2023; v1 submitted 23 March, 2023; originally announced March 2023.

Comments: 25 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables, version accepted by Physics Letters B

Report number: DESY-23-034

Journal ref: PLB 844 (2023) 138101

Analogue gravity and the Hawking effect: historical perspective and literature review

Authors: Carla R Almeida, Maxime J Jacquet

Abstract: Reasoning by analogies permeates theoretical developments in physics and astrophysics, motivated by the unreachable nature of many phenomena at play. For example, analogies have been used to understand black hole physics, leading to the development of a thermodynamic theory for these objects and the discovery of the Hawking effect. The latter, which results from quantum field theory on black hole… ▽ More Reasoning by analogies permeates theoretical developments in physics and astrophysics, motivated by the unreachable nature of many phenomena at play. For example, analogies have been used to understand black hole physics, leading to the development of a thermodynamic theory for these objects and the discovery of the Hawking effect. The latter, which results from quantum field theory on black hole space-times, changed the way physicists approached this subject: what had started as a mere aid to understanding becomes a possible source of evidence via the research programme of `analogue gravity' that builds on analogue models for field effects. Some of these analogue models may and can be realised in the laboratory, allowing experimental tests of field effects. Here, we present a historical perspective on the connection between the Hawking effect and analogue models. We also present a literature review of current research, bringing history and contemporary physics together. We argue that the history of analogue gravity and the Hawking effect is divided into three distinct phases based on how and why analogue models have been used to investigate fields in the vicinity of black holes. Furthermore, we find that modern research signals a transition to a new phase, where the impetus for the use of analogue models has surpassed the problem they were originally designed to solve. △ Less

Submitted 6 November, 2023; v1 submitted 17 December, 2022; originally announced December 2022.

Comments: Version accepted for publication in special issue of EPJH on modern developments in quantum theory

Spectrum of collective excitations of a quantum fluid of polaritons

Authors: Ferdinand Claude, Maxime J. Jacquet, Iacopo Carusotto, Quentin Glorieux, Elisabeth Giacobino, Alberto Bramati

Abstract: We use a recently developed high-resolution coherent probe spectroscopy method to investigate the dispersion of collective excitations of a polaritonic quantum fluid. We measure the dispersion relation with high energy and wavenumber resolution, which allows us to determine the speed of sound in the fluid and to evidence the contribution of an excitonic reservoir. We report on the generation of co… ▽ More We use a recently developed high-resolution coherent probe spectroscopy method to investigate the dispersion of collective excitations of a polaritonic quantum fluid. We measure the dispersion relation with high energy and wavenumber resolution, which allows us to determine the speed of sound in the fluid and to evidence the contribution of an excitonic reservoir. We report on the generation of collective excitations at negative energies, on the ghost branch of the dispersion curve. Precursors of dynamical instabilities are also identified. Our methods open the way to the precise study of quantum hydrodynamics of quantum fluids of light. △ Less

Submitted 22 November, 2022; originally announced November 2022.

Analogue quantum simulation of the Hawking effect in a polariton superfluid

Authors: Maxime J. Jacquet, Malo Joly, Luca Giacomelli, Ferdinand Claude, Quentin Glorieux, Alberto Bramati, Iacopo Carusotto, Elisabeth Giacobino

Abstract: Quantum effects of fields on curved spacetimes may be studied in the laboratory thanks to quantum fluids. Here we use a polariton fluid to study the Hawking effect, the correlated emission from the quantum vacuum at the acoustic horizon. We show how out-of-equilibrium physics affects the dispersion relation, and hence the emission and propagation of correlated waves: the fluid properties on either… ▽ More Quantum effects of fields on curved spacetimes may be studied in the laboratory thanks to quantum fluids. Here we use a polariton fluid to study the Hawking effect, the correlated emission from the quantum vacuum at the acoustic horizon. We show how out-of-equilibrium physics affects the dispersion relation, and hence the emission and propagation of correlated waves: the fluid properties on either side of the horizon are critical to observing the Hawking effect. We find that emission may be optimised by supporting the phase and density of the fluid upstream of the horizon in a regime of optical bistability. This opens new avenues for the observation of the Hawking effect in out-of-equilibrium systems as well as for the study of new phenomenology of fields on curved spacetimes. △ Less

Submitted 7 June, 2022; v1 submitted 6 January, 2022; originally announced January 2022.

Comments: 16 pages + appendix, 6 figures, comments are welcome. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2110.14452

High-resolution coherent probe spectroscopy of a polariton quantum fluid

Authors: Ferdinand Claude, Maxime J Jacquet, Romain Usciati, Iacopo Carusotto, Elisabeth Giacobino, Alberto Bramati, Quentin Glorieux

Abstract: Characterising elementary excitations in quantum fluids is essential to study collective effects within. We present an original angle-resolved coherent probe spectroscopy technique to study the dispersion of these excitation modes in a fluid of polaritons under resonant pumping. Thanks to the unprecedented spectral and spatial resolution, we observe directly the low-energy phononic behaviour and d… ▽ More Characterising elementary excitations in quantum fluids is essential to study collective effects within. We present an original angle-resolved coherent probe spectroscopy technique to study the dispersion of these excitation modes in a fluid of polaritons under resonant pumping. Thanks to the unprecedented spectral and spatial resolution, we observe directly the low-energy phononic behaviour and detect the negative-energy modes, i.e. the \textit{ghost branch}, of the dispersion relation. In addition, we reveal narrow spectral features precursory of dynamical instabilities due to the intrinsic out-of-equilibrium nature of the system. This technique provides the missing tool for the quantitative study of quantum hydrodynamics in polariton fluids. △ Less

Submitted 18 December, 2021; originally announced December 2021.

Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures. Comments are welcome

Impact of jet-production data on the next-to-next-to-leading-order determination of HERAPDF2.0 parton distributions

Authors: H1, ZEUS Collaborations, :, I. Abt, R. Aggarwal, V. Andreev, M. Arratia, V. Aushev, A. Baghdasaryan, A. Baty, K. Begzsuren, O. Behnke, A. Belousov, A. Bertolin, I. Bloch, V. Boudry, G. Brandt, I. Brock, N. H. Brook, R. Brugnera, A. Bruni, A. Buniatyan, P. J. Bussey, L. Bystritskaya, A. Caldwell , et al. (212 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The HERAPDF2.0 ensemble of parton distribution functions (PDFs) was introduced in 2015. The final stage is presented, a next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) analysis of the HERA data on inclusive deep inelastic $ep$ scattering together with jet data as published by the H1 and ZEUS collaborations. A perturbative QCD fit, simultaneously of $α_s(M_Z^2)$ and and the PDFs, was performed with the result… ▽ More The HERAPDF2.0 ensemble of parton distribution functions (PDFs) was introduced in 2015. The final stage is presented, a next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) analysis of the HERA data on inclusive deep inelastic $ep$ scattering together with jet data as published by the H1 and ZEUS collaborations. A perturbative QCD fit, simultaneously of $α_s(M_Z^2)$ and and the PDFs, was performed with the result $α_s(M_Z^2) = 0.1156 \pm 0.0011~{\rm (exp)}~ ^{+0.0001}_{-0.0002}~ {\rm (model}$ ${\rm +~parameterisation)}~ \pm 0.0029~{\rm (scale)}$. The PDF sets of HERAPDF2.0Jets NNLO were determined with separate fits using two fixed values of $α_s(M_Z^2)$, $α_s(M_Z^2)=0.1155$ and $0.118$, since the latter value was already chosen for the published HERAPDF2.0 NNLO analysis based on HERA inclusive DIS data only. The different sets of PDFs are presented, evaluated and compared. The consistency of the PDFs determined with and without the jet data demonstrates the consistency of HERA inclusive and jet-production cross-section data. The inclusion of the jet data reduced the uncertainty on the gluon PDF. Predictions based on the PDFs of HERAPDF2.0Jets NNLO give an excellent description of the jet-production data used as input. △ Less

Submitted 2 December, 2021; originally announced December 2021.

Comments: 43 pages, 24 figures, to be submitted to Eur. Phys. J. C

Report number: DESY-21-206

Quantum vacuum excitation of a quasi-normal mode in an analog model of black hole spacetime

Authors: Maxime J Jacquet, Luca Giacomelli, Quentin Valnais, Malo Joly, Ferdinand Claude, Elisabeth Giacobino, Quentin Glorieux, Iacopo Carusotto, Alberto Bramati

Abstract: Vacuum quantum fluctuations near horizons are known to yield correlated emission by the Hawking effect. We use a driven-dissipative quantum fluid of microcavity polaritons as an analog model of a quantum field theory on a black-hole spacetime and numerically calculate correlated emission. We show that, in addition to the Hawking effect at the sonic horizon, quantum fluctuations may result in a siz… ▽ More Vacuum quantum fluctuations near horizons are known to yield correlated emission by the Hawking effect. We use a driven-dissipative quantum fluid of microcavity polaritons as an analog model of a quantum field theory on a black-hole spacetime and numerically calculate correlated emission. We show that, in addition to the Hawking effect at the sonic horizon, quantum fluctuations may result in a sizeable stationary excitation of a quasi-normal mode of the field theory. Observable signatures of the excitation of the quasi-normal mode are found in the spatial density fluctuations as well as in the spectrum of Hawking emission. This suggests an intrinsic fluctuation-driven mechanism leading to the quantum excitation of quasi-normal modes on black hole spacetimes. △ Less

Submitted 28 February, 2023; v1 submitted 27 October, 2021; originally announced October 2021.

Comments: Version accepted for publication

Measurement of lepton-jet correlation in deep-inelastic scattering with the H1 detector using machine learning for unfolding

Authors: H1 Collaboration, V. Andreev, M. Arratia, A. Baghdasaryan, A. Baty, K. Begzsuren, A. Belousov, A. Bolz, V. Boudry, G. Brandt, D. Britzger, A. Buniatyan, L. Bystritskaya, A. J. Campbell, K. B. Cantun Avila, K. Cerny, V. Chekelian, Z. Chen, J. G. Contreras, L. Cunqueiro Mendez, J. Cvach, J. B. Dainton, K. Daum, A. Deshpande, C. Diaconu , et al. (120 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The first measurement of lepton-jet momentum imbalance and azimuthal correlation in lepton-proton scattering at high momentum transfer is presented. These data, taken with the H1 detector at HERA, are corrected for detector effects using an unbinned machine learning algorithm OmniFold, which considers eight observables simultaneously in this first application. The unfolded cross sections are compa… ▽ More The first measurement of lepton-jet momentum imbalance and azimuthal correlation in lepton-proton scattering at high momentum transfer is presented. These data, taken with the H1 detector at HERA, are corrected for detector effects using an unbinned machine learning algorithm OmniFold, which considers eight observables simultaneously in this first application. The unfolded cross sections are compared to calculations performed within the context of collinear or transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) factorization in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) as well as Monte Carlo event generators. The measurement probes a wide range of QCD phenomena, including TMD parton distribution functions and their evolution with energy in so far unexplored kinematic regions. △ Less

Submitted 1 April, 2022; v1 submitted 27 August, 2021; originally announced August 2021.

Comments: 17 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, version accepted by PRL

Report number: DESY 21-130

Enhanced Photonic Maxwell's Demon with Correlated Baths

Authors: Guilherme L. Zanin, Michael Antesberger, Maxime J. Jacquet, Paulo H. Souto Ribeiro, Lee A. Rozema, Philip Walther

Abstract: Maxwell's Demon is at the heart of the interrelation between quantum information processing and thermodynamics. In this thought experiment, a demon generates a temperature gradient between two thermal baths initially at equilibrium by gaining information at the single-particle level and applying classical feed-forward operations, allowing for the extraction of work. Here we implement a photonic ve… ▽ More Maxwell's Demon is at the heart of the interrelation between quantum information processing and thermodynamics. In this thought experiment, a demon generates a temperature gradient between two thermal baths initially at equilibrium by gaining information at the single-particle level and applying classical feed-forward operations, allowing for the extraction of work. Here we implement a photonic version of Maxwell's Demon with active feed-forward in a fibre-based system using ultrafast optical switches. We experimentally show that, if correlations exist between the two thermal baths, the Demon can generate a temperature difference over an order of magnitude larger than without correlations, and so extract more work. Our work demonstrates the great potential of photonic experiments -- which provide a unique degree of control on the system -- to access new regimes in quantum thermodynamics. △ Less

Submitted 14 September, 2022; v1 submitted 20 July, 2021; originally announced July 2021.

Comments: 25 pages with appendix, 6 figures. Final version published on Quantum

Journal ref: Quantum 6, 810 (2022)

A Time-Of-Flight-Based Reconstruction for Real-Time Prompt-Gamma Imaging in Protontherapy

Authors: Maxime Jacquet, Sara Marcatili, Marie-Laure Gallin-Martel, Jean-Luc Bouly, Yannick Boursier, Denis Dauvergne, Mathieu Dupont, Laurent Gallin-Martel, Joël Hérault, Jean-Michel Létang, Daniel Manéval, Christian Morel, Jean-François Muraz, Étienne Testa

Abstract: We are currently conceiving, through (MC) simulation, a multi-channel gamma detector array (TIARA for Time-of-flight Imaging ARrAy) for the online monitoring of protontherapy treatments. By measuring the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) between a beam monitor placed upstream and the Prompt-Gamma (PG) detector, our goal is to reconstruct the PG vertex distribution to detect a possible deviation of proton beam… ▽ More We are currently conceiving, through (MC) simulation, a multi-channel gamma detector array (TIARA for Time-of-flight Imaging ARrAy) for the online monitoring of protontherapy treatments. By measuring the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) between a beam monitor placed upstream and the Prompt-Gamma (PG) detector, our goal is to reconstruct the PG vertex distribution to detect a possible deviation of proton beam delivery. In this paper, two non-iterative reconstruction strategies are proposed. The first is based on the resolution of an analytical formula describing the PG vertex distribution in 3D. Here, it was resolved under a one-dimensional approximation in order to measure a potential proton range shift along the beam direction. The second is based on the calculation of the Centre-Of-Gravity (COG) of the TIARA pixel detectors counts and also provides 3D information on a possible beam displacement. The PG vertex reconstruction was evaluated in two different scenarios. A coincidence time resolution of 100 ps (rms) can be attained in single proton regime (operating a reduction of the beam current) and using an external beam monitor to provide a start trigger for the TOF measurement. Under these conditions, MC simulations have shown that a millimetric proton range shift sensitivity can be achieved at 2$σ$ with 10$^{8}$ incident protons. This level of accuracy would allow to act in real-time if the treatment does not conform to treatment plan. A worst case scenario of a 1 ns (rms) TOF resolution was also considered to demonstrate that a degraded timing information can be compensated by increasing the acquisition statistics: in this case, a 2 mm range shift would be detectable at 2$σ$ with 10$^{9}$ incident protons. The COG method has shown excellent capabilities of detecting lateral beam displacements: a 2 mm sensitivity was found at 2$σ$ with 10$^{8}$ incident protons. △ Less

Submitted 16 December, 2020; originally announced December 2020.

Fiber-compatible photonic feed-forward with 99% fidelity

Authors: G. L. Zanin, M. J. Jacquet, M. Spagnolo, P. Schiansky, I. Alonso Calafell, L. A. Rozema, P. Walther

Abstract: Both photonic quantum computation and the establishment of a quantum internet require fiber-based measurement and feed-forward in order to be compatible with existing infrastructure. Here we present a fiber-compatible scheme for measurement and feed-forward, whose performance is benchmarked by carrying out remote preparation of single-photon polarization states at telecom-wavelengths. The result o… ▽ More Both photonic quantum computation and the establishment of a quantum internet require fiber-based measurement and feed-forward in order to be compatible with existing infrastructure. Here we present a fiber-compatible scheme for measurement and feed-forward, whose performance is benchmarked by carrying out remote preparation of single-photon polarization states at telecom-wavelengths. The result of a projective measurement on one photon deterministically controls the path a second photon takes with ultrafast optical switches. By placing well-calibrated {bulk} passive polarization optics in the paths, we achieve a measurement and feed-forward fidelity of (99.0 $\pm$ 1)%, after correcting for other experimental errors. Our methods are useful for photonic quantum experiments including computing, communication, and teleportation. △ Less

Submitted 6 January, 2021; v1 submitted 16 September, 2020; originally announced September 2020.

Comments: 8pages, 4 figures

Microcavity Polaritons for Quantum simulation

Authors: Thomas Boulier, Maxime J. Jacquet, Anne Maître, Giovanni Lerario, Ferdinand Claude, Simon Pigeon, Quentin Glorieux, Alberto Bramati, Elisabeth Giacobino, Alberto Amo, Jacqueline Bloch

Abstract: Quantum simulations are one of the pillars of quantum technologies. These simulations provide insight in fields as varied as high energy physics, many-body physics, or cosmology to name only a few. Several platforms, ranging from ultracold-atoms to superconducting circuits through trapped ions have been proposed as quantum simulators. This article reviews recent developments in another well establ… ▽ More Quantum simulations are one of the pillars of quantum technologies. These simulations provide insight in fields as varied as high energy physics, many-body physics, or cosmology to name only a few. Several platforms, ranging from ultracold-atoms to superconducting circuits through trapped ions have been proposed as quantum simulators. This article reviews recent developments in another well established platform for quantum simulations: polaritons in semiconductor microcavities. These quasiparticles obey a nonlinear Schrödigner equation (NLSE), and their propagation in the medium can be understood in terms of quantum hydrodynamics. As such, they are considered as "fluids of light". The challenge of quantum simulations is the engineering of configurations in which the potential energy and the nonlinear interactions in the NLSE can be controlled. Here, we revisit some landmark experiments with polaritons in microcavities, discuss how the various properties of these systems may be used in quantum simulations, and highlight the richness of polariton systems to explore non-equilibrium physics △ Less

Submitted 26 May, 2020; originally announced May 2020.

The next generation of analogue gravity experiments

Authors: Maxime J Jacquet, Silke Weinfurtner, Friedrich Koenig

Abstract: This article is an introduction for a theme issue following a Scientific Discussion Meeting on \emph{The next generation of analogue gravity experiments} held at the Royal Society in December 2019. This theme issue comprises a collection of recent advances of the research programme, as well as their philosophical implications, that were presented at the meeting. This article is an introduction for a theme issue following a Scientific Discussion Meeting on \emph{The next generation of analogue gravity experiments} held at the Royal Society in December 2019. This theme issue comprises a collection of recent advances of the research programme, as well as their philosophical implications, that were presented at the meeting. △ Less

Submitted 23 June, 2020; v1 submitted 7 May, 2020; originally announced May 2020.

Comments: Accepted for publication. Introduction article to a special issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A on Analogue Gravity. Follows on the Scientific Discussion meeting (https://royalsociety.org/science-events-and-lectures/2019/12/analogue-gravity/) at the Royal Society in December 2019. 9 pages, no figures

Polariton fluids for analogue gravity physics

Authors: M. J. Jacquet, T. Boulier, F. Claude, A. Maitre, E. Cancellieri, C. Adrados, A. Amo, S. Pigeon, Q. Glorieux, A. Bramati, E. Giacobino

Abstract: Analogue gravity enables the study of fields on curved spacetimes in the laboratory. There are numerous experimental platforms in which amplification at the event horizon or the ergoregion has been observed. Here, we demonstrate how optically generating a defect in a polariton microcavity enables the creation of one- and two-dimensional, transsonic fluid flows. We show that this highly tuneable me… ▽ More Analogue gravity enables the study of fields on curved spacetimes in the laboratory. There are numerous experimental platforms in which amplification at the event horizon or the ergoregion has been observed. Here, we demonstrate how optically generating a defect in a polariton microcavity enables the creation of one- and two-dimensional, transsonic fluid flows. We show that this highly tuneable method permits the creation of sonic horizons. Furthermore, we present a rotating geometry akin to the water-wave bathtub vortex. These experiments usher-in the possibility of observing stimulated as well as spontaneous amplification by the Hawking, Penrose and Zeld'ovich effects in fluids of light. △ Less

Submitted 18 May, 2020; v1 submitted 31 January, 2020; originally announced February 2020.

Comments: Accepted for publication in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: special issue on Analogue Gravity. V3 with some typos corrected and amended abstract

The influence of spacetime curvature on quantum emission in optical analogues to gravity

Authors: Maxime J Jacquet, Friedrich Koenig

Abstract: Quantum fluctuations on curved spacetimes cause the emission of pairs of particles from the quantum vacuum, as in the Hawking effect from black holes. We use an optical analogue to gravity to investigate the influence of the curvature on quantum emission. Due to dispersion, the spacetime curvature varies with frequency here. We analytically calculate for all frequencies the particle flux, correlat… ▽ More Quantum fluctuations on curved spacetimes cause the emission of pairs of particles from the quantum vacuum, as in the Hawking effect from black holes. We use an optical analogue to gravity to investigate the influence of the curvature on quantum emission. Due to dispersion, the spacetime curvature varies with frequency here. We analytically calculate for all frequencies the particle flux, correlations and entanglement. We find that horizons increase the flux with a characteristic spectral shape. The photon number correlations transition from multi- to two-mode, with close to maximal entanglement. The quantum state is a diagnostic for the mode conversion in laboratory tests of quantum field theory on curved spacetimes. △ Less

Submitted 3 June, 2020; v1 submitted 16 January, 2020; originally announced January 2020.

Comments: Draft 2, Main 6 pages, Appendices 1 page, 7 figures, comments are welcome!

A 100 ps TOF Detection System for On-Line Range- Monitoring in Hadrontherapy

Authors: Sara Marcatili, Sébastien Curtoni, Denis Dauvergne, Ferid Haddad, Maxime Jacquet, Charbel Koumeir, Jean Michel Létang, Jayde Livingstone, Vincent Métivier, Laurent Gallin-Martel, Marie-Laure Gallin-Martel, Jean-François Muraz, Noel Servagent, Étienne Testa

Abstract: The accuracy of hadrontherapy treatment is currently limited by ion-range uncertainties. In order to fully exploit the potential of this technique, we propose the development of a novel system for online control of particle therapy, based on TOF-resolved (time-of-flight) Prompt Gamma (PG) imaging with 100 ps time resolution. Our aim is to detect a possible deviation of the proton range with respec… ▽ More The accuracy of hadrontherapy treatment is currently limited by ion-range uncertainties. In order to fully exploit the potential of this technique, we propose the development of a novel system for online control of particle therapy, based on TOF-resolved (time-of-flight) Prompt Gamma (PG) imaging with 100 ps time resolution. Our aim is to detect a possible deviation of the proton range with respect to treatment planning within the first few irradiation spots at the beginning of the session. The system consists of a diamond-based beam hodoscope for single proton tagging, operated in time coincidence with one or more gamma detectors placed downstream of the patient. The TOF between the proton time of arrival in the hodoscope and the PG detection time provides an indirect measurement of the proton range in the patient with a precision strictly related to the system time resolution. With a single ~38 cm$^{3}$ BaF2 detector placed at 15 cm from a heterogeneous PMMA target, we obtained a coincidence time resolution of 101 ps (rms). This system allowed us to measure the thickness and position of an air cavity within a PMMA target, and the associated proton range shift: a 3 mm shift can be detected at 2$σ$ confidence level within a single large irradiation spot (~10$^{8}$ protons). We are currently conceiving a multi-channel PG timing detector with 3D target coverage. Each pixel will provide the PG detection time and its hit position, that can be used to reconstruct the 3D distribution of PG vertices in the patient. Our approach does not require collimation and allows to dramatically increase the detection efficiency. Since both signal detection and background rejection are based on TOF, the constraints on energy resolution can be relaxed to further improve time resolution. △ Less

Submitted 20 January, 2020; v1 submitted 13 January, 2020; originally announced January 2020.

Comments: 4 pages, 6 figures

Analytical description of quantum emission in optical analogues to gravity

Authors: Maxime J Jacquet, Friedrich Koenig

Abstract: We consider a moving refractive index perturbation in an optical medium as an optical analogue to waves under the influence of gravity. We describe the dielectric medium by the Lagrangian of the Hopfield model. We supplement the field theory in curved spacetime for this model to solve the scattering problem for all modes and frequencies analytically. Because of dispersion, the kinematic scenario o… ▽ More We consider a moving refractive index perturbation in an optical medium as an optical analogue to waves under the influence of gravity. We describe the dielectric medium by the Lagrangian of the Hopfield model. We supplement the field theory in curved spacetime for this model to solve the scattering problem for all modes and frequencies analytically. Because of dispersion, the kinematic scenario of the field modes may contain optical event horizons for some frequencies. We calculate the spectra of spontaneous emission in the frame co-moving with the perturbation and in the laboratory frame. We also calculate the spectrally-resolved photon number correlations in either frame. The emitted multimode field comes in different types depending on the presence of horizons. We show that these types are robust against changes in the system parameters and thus are genuine features of optical and non-optical analogues. These methods and findings pave the way to new observations of analogue gravity in dispersive systems. △ Less

Submitted 23 June, 2020; v1 submitted 6 August, 2019; originally announced August 2019.

Comments: 18 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, comments are welcome! Accepted for publication at Physical Review A. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1709.03100

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. A 102, 013725 (2020)

Determination of the strong coupling constant $α_s(M_Z)$ in next-to-next-to-leading order QCD using H1 jet cross section measurements

Authors: H1 collaboration, V. Andreev, A. Baghdasaryan, K. Begzsuren, A. Belousov, V. Bertone, A. Bolz, V. Boudry, G. Brandt, V. Brisson, D. Britzger, A. Buniatyan, A. Bylinkin, L. Bystritskaya, A. J. Campbell, K. B. Cantun Avila, K. Cerny, V. Chekelian, J. G. Contreras, J. Cvach, J. Currie, J. B. Dainton, K. Daum, C. Diaconu, M. Dobre , et al. (123 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The strong coupling constant $α_s(M_Z)$ is determined from inclusive jet and dijet cross sections in neutral-current deep-inelastic $ep$ scattering (DIS) measured at HERA by the H1 collaboration using next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD predictions. The dependence of the NNLO predictions and of the resulting value of $α_s(M_Z)$ at the $Z$-boson mass $m_Z$ are studied as a function of the choi… ▽ More The strong coupling constant $α_s(M_Z)$ is determined from inclusive jet and dijet cross sections in neutral-current deep-inelastic $ep$ scattering (DIS) measured at HERA by the H1 collaboration using next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD predictions. The dependence of the NNLO predictions and of the resulting value of $α_s(M_Z)$ at the $Z$-boson mass $m_Z$ are studied as a function of the choice of the renormalisation and factorisation scales. Using inclusive jet and dijet data together, the strong coupling constant is determined to be $α_s(M_Z)=0.1166\,(19)_{\rm exp}\,(24)_{\rm th}$. Complementary, $α_s(M_Z)$ is determined together with parton distribution functions of the proton (PDFs) from jet and inclusive DIS data measured by the H1 experiment. The value $α_s(M_Z)=0.1147\,(25)_{\rm tot}$ obtained is consistent with the determination from jet data alone. The impact of the jet data on the PDFs is studied. The running of the strong coupling is tested at different values of the renormalisation scale and the results are found to be in agreement with expectations. △ Less

Submitted 16 June, 2021; v1 submitted 21 September, 2017; originally announced September 2017.

Comments: 45 pages, 17 figures, with changes discussed in an erratum submitted to EPJ C

Report number: DESY17-137

Analytical description of spontaneous emission of light at the optical event horizon

Authors: Maxime J Jacquet, Friedrich König

Abstract: Quantum fluctuations in curved space-time cause the emission of particles. In order to understand how they may be detected in a laboratory experiment, we consider a moving refractive index perturbation in an optical medium, which exhibits optical event horizons. Based on the field theory in curved space-time we formulate an analytical method to calculate the scattering matrix that completely descr… ▽ More Quantum fluctuations in curved space-time cause the emission of particles. In order to understand how they may be detected in a laboratory experiment, we consider a moving refractive index perturbation in an optical medium, which exhibits optical event horizons. Based on the field theory in curved space-time we formulate an analytical method to calculate the scattering matrix that completely describes mode coupling leading to the emission of photon pairs in various configurations. We then quantify the spectrally resolved photon number correlations. Moreover, we apply our method in a case study, in which we consider a moving refractive index step in bulk fused silica. We calculate key observables in the moving frame as well as in the laboratory frame, such as the emission spectrum and the spectrally resolved quantum correlations of the photon number. We observe significant spectral correlations between modes of opposite norm, evidence of their vacuum origin. We find that emission from horizons is characterised by an increased photon flux, a signature spectral shape as well as a correlation with the partner photon mode approaching unity. These methods and findings pave the way to the observation of particles from the event horizon in dispersive systems. △ Less

Submitted 14 January, 2020; v1 submitted 10 September, 2017; originally announced September 2017.

Comments: draft 4, 17 pages, 6 figures

First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE. III. New spectrophotometry and astrometry of the HR8799 exoplanetary system

Authors: A. Zurlo, A. Vigan, R. Galicher, A. -L. Maire, D. Mesa, R. Gratton, G. Chauvin, M. Kasper, C. Moutou, M. Bonnefoy, S. Desidera, L. Abe, D. Apai, A. Baruffolo, P. Baudoz, J. Baudrand, J. -L. Beuzit, P. Blancard, A. Boccaletti, F. Cantalloube, M. Carle, J. Charton, R. U. Claudi, A. Costille, V. de Caprio , et al. (48 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The planetary system discovered around the young A-type HR8799 provides a unique laboratory to: a) test planet formation theories, b) probe the diversity of system architectures at these separations, and c) perform comparative (exo)planetology. We present and exploit new near-infrared images and integral-field spectra of the four gas giants surrounding HR8799 obtained with SPHERE, the new planet f… ▽ More The planetary system discovered around the young A-type HR8799 provides a unique laboratory to: a) test planet formation theories, b) probe the diversity of system architectures at these separations, and c) perform comparative (exo)planetology. We present and exploit new near-infrared images and integral-field spectra of the four gas giants surrounding HR8799 obtained with SPHERE, the new planet finder instrument at the Very Large Telescope, during the commissioning and science verification phase of the instrument (July-December 2014). With these new data, we contribute to completing the spectral energy distribution of these bodies in the 1.0-2.5 $μ$m range. We also provide new astrometric data, in particular for planet e, to further constrain the orbits. We used the infrared dual-band imager and spectrograph (IRDIS) subsystem to obtain pupil-stabilized, dual-band $H2H3$ (1.593 $μ$m, 1.667 $μ$m), $K1K2$ (2.110 $μ$m, 2.251 $μ$m), and broadband $J$ (1.245 $μ$m) images of the four planets. IRDIS was operated in parallel with the integral field spectrograph (IFS) of SPHERE to collect low-resolution ($R\sim30$), near-infrared (0.94-1.64 $μ$m) spectra of the two innermost planets HR8799d and e. The data were reduced with dedicated algorithms, such as the Karhunen-Loève image projection (KLIP), to reveal the planets. We used the so-called negative planets injection technique to extract their photometry, spectra, and measure their positions. We illustrate the astrometric performance of SPHERE through sample orbital fits compatible with SPHERE and literature data. △ Less

Submitted 29 January, 2021; v1 submitted 12 November, 2015; originally announced November 2015.

Comments: 13 pages, 12 figures. Published in A&A

Journal ref: Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 587, id.A57, 13 pp., 2016

First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE. I. Detection and characterization of the sub-stellar companion GJ 758 B

Authors: A. Vigan, M. Bonnefoy, C. Ginski, H. Beust, R. Galicher, M. Janson, J. -L. Baudino, E. Buenzli, J. Hagelberg, V. D'Orazi, S. Desidera, A. -L. Maire, R. Gratton, J. -F. Sauvage, G. Chauvin, C. Thalmann, L. Malo, G. Salter, A. Zurlo, J. Antichi, A. Baruffolo, P. Baudoz, P. Blanchard, A. Boccaletti, J. -L. Beuzit , et al. (50 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: GJ758 B is a brown dwarf companion to a nearby (15.76 pc) solar-type, metal-rich (M/H = +0.2 dex) main-sequence star (G9V) that was discovered with Subaru/HiCIAO in 2009. From previous studies, it has drawn attention as being the coldest (~600K) companion ever directly imaged around a neighboring star. We present new high-contrast data obtained during the commissioning of the SPHERE instrument at… ▽ More GJ758 B is a brown dwarf companion to a nearby (15.76 pc) solar-type, metal-rich (M/H = +0.2 dex) main-sequence star (G9V) that was discovered with Subaru/HiCIAO in 2009. From previous studies, it has drawn attention as being the coldest (~600K) companion ever directly imaged around a neighboring star. We present new high-contrast data obtained during the commissioning of the SPHERE instrument at the VLT. The data was obtained in Y-, J-, H-, and Ks-bands with the dual-band imaging (DBI) mode of IRDIS, providing a broad coverage of the full near-infrared (near-IR) range at higher contrast and better spectral sampling than previously reported. In this new set of high-quality data, we report the re-detection of the companion, as well as the first detection of a new candidate closer-in to the star. We use the new 8 photometric points for an extended comparison of GJ758 B with empirical objects and 4 families of atmospheric models. From comparison to empirical object, we estimate a T8 spectral type, but none of the comparison object can accurately represent the observed near-IR fluxes of GJ758 B. From comparison to atmospheric models, we attribute a Teff = 600K $\pm$ 100K, but we find that no atmospheric model can adequately fit all the fluxes of GJ758 B. The photometry of the new candidate companion is broadly consistent with L-type objects, but a second epoch with improved photometry is necessary to clarify its status. The new astrometry of GJ758 B shows a significant proper motion since the last epoch. We use this result to improve the determination of the orbital characteristics using two fitting approaches, Least-Square Monte Carlo and Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Finally, we analyze the sensitivity of our data to additional closer-in companions and reject the possibility of other massive brown dwarf companions down to 4-5 AU. [abridged] △ Less

Submitted 12 November, 2015; originally announced November 2015.

Comments: 20 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

Journal ref: A&A 587, A55 (2016)

Quantum vacuum emission from a refractive index front

Authors: Maxime Jacquet, Friedrich Koenig

Abstract: A moving boundary separating two otherwise homogeneous regions of a dielectric is known to emit radiation from the quantum vacuum. An analytical framework based on the Hopfield model, describing a moving refractive index step in 1+1 dimensions for realistic dispersive media has been developed in [1]. We expand the use of this model to calculate explicitly spectra of all modes of positive and negat… ▽ More A moving boundary separating two otherwise homogeneous regions of a dielectric is known to emit radiation from the quantum vacuum. An analytical framework based on the Hopfield model, describing a moving refractive index step in 1+1 dimensions for realistic dispersive media has been developed in [1]. We expand the use of this model to calculate explicitly spectra of all modes of positive and negative norm. Furthermore, for lower step heights we obtain a novel set of mode configurations. This leads to a realistic emission spectrum featuring black hole- and white hole emission for different frequencies. We also present spectra as measured in the laboratory frame that include all modes, in particular a dominant negative norm mode, which is the partner mode in any Hawking-type emission. We find that the emission spectrum is highly structured into intervals of emission with black hole-, white hole-, and no horizons. Finally we estimate the number of photons emitted as a function of the step height and find a power law of 2.5 for low step heights. △ Less

Submitted 7 July, 2015; v1 submitted 28 April, 2015; originally announced April 2015.

Comments: 22 pages (draft), 9 figures

Effect of Beam Dynamics Processes in the Low Energy Ring ThomX

Authors: N. Delerue, C. Bruni, I Chaikovska, I. Drebot, M. Jacquet, A. Variola, F. Zomer, A. Loulergue

Abstract: As part of the R\&D for the 50 MeV ThomX Compton source project, we have studied the effect of several beam dynamics processes on the evolution of the beam in the ring. The processes studied include among others Compton scattering, intrabeam scattering, coherent synchrotron radiation. We have performed extensive simulations of a full injection/extraction cycle (400000 turns). We show how each of t… ▽ More As part of the R\&D for the 50 MeV ThomX Compton source project, we have studied the effect of several beam dynamics processes on the evolution of the beam in the ring. The processes studied include among others Compton scattering, intrabeam scattering, coherent synchrotron radiation. We have performed extensive simulations of a full injection/extraction cycle (400000 turns). We show how each of these processes degrades the flux of photons produced and how a feedback system contributes to recovering most of the flux. △ Less

Submitted 23 July, 2014; originally announced July 2014.

Comments: Submitted to IPAC'14, WEPRO001

On the Relation of the LHeC and the LHC

Authors: J. L. Abelleira Fernandez, C. Adolphsen, P. Adzic, A. N. Akay, H. Aksakal, J. L. Albacete, B. Allanach, S. Alekhin, P. Allport, V. Andreev, R. B. Appleby, E. Arikan, N. Armesto, G. Azuelos, M. Bai, D. Barber, J. Bartels, O. Behnke, J. Behr, A. S. Belyaev, I. Ben-Zvi, N. Bernard, S. Bertolucci, S. Bettoni, S. Biswal , et al. (184 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The present note relies on the recently published conceptual design report of the LHeC and extends the first contribution to the European strategy debate in emphasising the role of the LHeC to complement and complete the high luminosity LHC programme. The brief discussion therefore focuses on the importance of high precision PDF and $α_s$ determinations for the physics beyond the Standard Model (G… ▽ More The present note relies on the recently published conceptual design report of the LHeC and extends the first contribution to the European strategy debate in emphasising the role of the LHeC to complement and complete the high luminosity LHC programme. The brief discussion therefore focuses on the importance of high precision PDF and $α_s$ determinations for the physics beyond the Standard Model (GUTs, SUSY, Higgs). Emphasis is also given to the importance of high parton density phenomena in nuclei and their relevance to the heavy ion physics programme at the LHC. △ Less

Submitted 9 January, 2013; v1 submitted 21 November, 2012; originally announced November 2012.

A Large Hadron Electron Collider at CERN

Authors: J. L. Abelleira Fernandez, C. Adolphsen, P. Adzic, A. N. Akay, H. Aksakal, J. L. Albacete, B. Allanach, S. Alekhin, P. Allport, V. Andreev, R. B. Appleby, E. Arikan, N. Armesto, G. Azuelos, M. Bai, D. Barber, J. Bartels, O. Behnke, J. Behr, A. S. Belyaev, I. Ben-Zvi, N. Bernard, S. Bertolucci, S. Bettoni, S. Biswal , et al. (184 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This document provides a brief overview of the recently published report on the design of the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), which comprises its physics programme, accelerator physics, technology and main detector concepts. The LHeC exploits and develops challenging, though principally existing, accelerator and detector technologies. This summary is complemented by brief illustrations of s… ▽ More This document provides a brief overview of the recently published report on the design of the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), which comprises its physics programme, accelerator physics, technology and main detector concepts. The LHeC exploits and develops challenging, though principally existing, accelerator and detector technologies. This summary is complemented by brief illustrations of some of the highlights of the physics programme, which relies on a vastly extended kinematic range, luminosity and unprecedented precision in deep inelastic scattering. Illustrations are provided regarding high precision QCD, new physics (Higgs, SUSY) and electron-ion physics. The LHeC is designed to run synchronously with the LHC in the twenties and to achieve an integrated luminosity of O(100) fb$^{-1}$. It will become the cleanest high resolution microscope of mankind and will substantially extend as well as complement the investigation of the physics of the TeV energy scale, which has been enabled by the LHC. △ Less

Submitted 9 January, 2013; v1 submitted 20 November, 2012; originally announced November 2012.

A Large Hadron Electron Collider at CERN: Report on the Physics and Design Concepts for Machine and Detector

Authors: J. L. Abelleira Fernandez, C. Adolphsen, A. N. Akay, H. Aksakal, J. L. Albacete, S. Alekhin, P. Allport, V. Andreev, R. B. Appleby, E. Arikan, N. Armesto, G. Azuelos, M. Bai, D. Barber, J. Bartels, O. Behnke, J. Behr, A. S. Belyaev, I. Ben-Zvi, N. Bernard, S. Bertolucci, S. Bettoni, S. Biswal, J. Blümlein, H. Böttcher , et al. (168 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The physics programme and the design are described of a new collider for particle and nuclear physics, the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), in which a newly built electron beam of 60 GeV, up to possibly 140 GeV, energy collides with the intense hadron beams of the LHC. Compared to HERA, the kinematic range covered is extended by a factor of twenty in the negative four-momentum squared,… ▽ More The physics programme and the design are described of a new collider for particle and nuclear physics, the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), in which a newly built electron beam of 60 GeV, up to possibly 140 GeV, energy collides with the intense hadron beams of the LHC. Compared to HERA, the kinematic range covered is extended by a factor of twenty in the negative four-momentum squared, $Q^2$, and in the inverse Bjorken $x$, while with the design luminosity of $10^{33}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ the LHeC is projected to exceed the integrated HERA luminosity by two orders of magnitude. The physics programme is devoted to an exploration of the energy frontier, complementing the LHC and its discovery potential for physics beyond the Standard Model with high precision deep inelastic scattering measurements. These are designed to investigate a variety of fundamental questions in strong and electroweak interactions. The physics programme also includes electron-deuteron and electron-ion scattering in a $(Q^2, 1/x)$ range extended by four orders of magnitude as compared to previous lepton-nucleus DIS experiments for novel investigations of neutron's and nuclear structure, the initial conditions of Quark-Gluon Plasma formation and further quantum chromodynamic phenomena. The LHeC may be realised either as a ring-ring or as a linac-ring collider. Optics and beam dynamics studies are presented for both versions, along with technical design considerations on the interaction region, magnets and further components, together with a design study for a high acceptance detector. Civil engineering and installation studies are presented for the accelerator and the detector. The LHeC can be built within a decade and thus be operated while the LHC runs in its high-luminosity phase. It thus represents a major opportunity for progress in particle physics exploiting the investment made in the LHC. △ Less

Submitted 7 September, 2012; v1 submitted 13 June, 2012; originally announced June 2012.