Showing 1–50 of 120 results for author: Boglione, M

Electro- and photoproduction of muon pairs with $μ$CLAS12: Double Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering, Timelike Compton Scattering, and $J/ψ$ production

Authors: J. S. Alvarado, N. Baltzell, M. Bondi, P. Chatagnon, R. De Vita, M. Hoballah, V. Kubarovsky, R. Paremuzyan, S. Stepanyan, P. Achenbach, M. Arratia, M. Battaglieri, V. Bertone, A. Bianconi, M. E. Boglione, F. Bossù, G. Bracco, F. Bzeih, S. Bueltmann, V. Burkert, D. S. Carman, T. Cao, M. Carpinelli, E. Cisbani, G. Ciullo , et al. (76 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer for operation at 12 GeV (CLAS12) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility has played a central role in advancing the understanding of nucleon and nuclear structure. As increasingly precise data become available, new physics opportunities emerge that extend beyond the current capabilities of CLAS12. In this article, a program to explore the quark… ▽ More The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer for operation at 12 GeV (CLAS12) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility has played a central role in advancing the understanding of nucleon and nuclear structure. As increasingly precise data become available, new physics opportunities emerge that extend beyond the current capabilities of CLAS12. In this article, a program to explore the quark and gluon structure of the nucleon through di-muon electro- and photoproduction is presented. Its primary focus is the measurement of beam-spin asymmetries in Double Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering, $ep \rightarrow e^\prime μ^+ μ^-p^\prime $. By independently varying the incoming and outgoing photon virtualities and momentum transfer, the DDVCS measurement provides access to the Generalized Parton Distributions over their full three-dimensional phase space, extending beyond the kinematic constraints of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering and Timelike Compton Scattering. In addition, the large acceptance and high luminosity of the $μ$CLAS12 experiment will enable precision measurements of near-threshold $J/ψ$ production and high-statistics studies of Timelike Compton Scattering. △ Less

Submitted 12 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

Report number: JLAB-PHY-26-4699

Proton-Proton to Antinucleon Cross Sections for Cosmic Ray Applications

Authors: Mariaelena Boglione, Mattia di Mauro, Fiorenza Donato, Emanuele R. Nocera, Jennifer Rittenhouse West, Andrea Signori

Abstract: We present predictions of inclusive antiproton and antineutron production cross sections in proton-proton collisions relevant to primary and secondary antiproton production in cosmic ray interactions with interstellar matter. Our predictions are based on collinear factorisation in Quantum Chromodynamics and are accurate to next-to-leading order in the perturbative expansion of the strong coupling.… ▽ More We present predictions of inclusive antiproton and antineutron production cross sections in proton-proton collisions relevant to primary and secondary antiproton production in cosmic ray interactions with interstellar matter. Our predictions are based on collinear factorisation in Quantum Chromodynamics and are accurate to next-to-leading order in the perturbative expansion of the strong coupling. We assess the relevance of cross sections measured at collider experiments, such as NA49 at the CERN SPS and ALICE at the LHC, to the kinetic energy ranges accessed by cosmic ray detectors. We characterise the associated uncertainties due to the input parton distribution and fragmentation functions, and to missing higher orders. We critically examine the ~30% excess of antineutron over antiproton production in proton-proton collisions preliminarily reported by the NA49 experiment by combining our predictions with a data-driven model. Our results do not support the NA49 finding, and point to a mild excess of a few percent. We finally show that the NA49 result could only be reconciled with our framework by invoking sizeable differences between antiproton and antineutron production in the poorly constrained region of small transverse momenta of the produced hadron. △ Less

Submitted 5 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

Comments: 21 pages, 7 figures, 1 table

Frascati 22 GeV Workshop Summary

Authors: A. Accardi, P. Achenbach, A. Afanasev, M. Albrecht, A. C. Alvaro, J. Arrington, H. Avakian, P. Barry, A. Bashir, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, S. A. Bogacz, M. Boglione, M. Bondi, V. D. Burkert, C. E. Carlson, D. S. Carman, A. Celentano, M. Cerutti, J. -P. Chen, I. Cloet, M. Contalbrigo, A. D'Angelo, L. Darme, E. De Sanctis , et al. (81 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This document summarizes the outcomes of the "Science at the Luminosity Frontier: Jefferson Lab at 22 GeV" workshop, held at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati in December 2024. The primary goal of the workshop was to critically assess and refine the scientific case for a proposed energy upgrade of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) to 22 GeV. This document intends to… ▽ More This document summarizes the outcomes of the "Science at the Luminosity Frontier: Jefferson Lab at 22 GeV" workshop, held at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati in December 2024. The primary goal of the workshop was to critically assess and refine the scientific case for a proposed energy upgrade of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) to 22 GeV. This document intends to capture the progress on developing the scientific case since the publication of a lengthy "White Paper" in summer 2024 signed by about 450 authors. △ Less

Submitted 9 January, 2026; originally announced January 2026.

Comments: 58 pages, 34 figures, Science at the Luminosity Frontier: Jefferson Lab at 22 GeV, Dec. 9-13, 2024, INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati

Report number: JLAB-PHY-26-4575

LHCspin: a Polarized Gas Target for LHC

Authors: A. Accardi, A. Bacchetta, L. Barion, G. Bedeschi, V. Benesova, S. Bertelli, V. Bertone, C. Bissolotti, M. Boglione, G. Bozzi, N. Bundaleski, V. Carassiti, F. G. Celiberto, Z. Chen, G. Ciullo, M. Constantinou, P. Costa Pinto, A. Courtoy, U. D'Alesio, C. De Angelis, E. De Lucia, I. Denisenko, P. Di Nezza, M. Diehl, F. Donato , et al. (68 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The goal of the LHCspin project is to develop innovative solutions for measuring the 3D structure of nucleons in high-energy polarized fixed-target collisions at LHC, exploring new processes and exploiting new probes in a unique, previously unexplored, kinematic regime. A precise multi-dimensional description of the hadron structure has, in fact, the potential to deepen our understanding of the st… ▽ More The goal of the LHCspin project is to develop innovative solutions for measuring the 3D structure of nucleons in high-energy polarized fixed-target collisions at LHC, exploring new processes and exploiting new probes in a unique, previously unexplored, kinematic regime. A precise multi-dimensional description of the hadron structure has, in fact, the potential to deepen our understanding of the strong interactions and to provide a much more precise framework for measuring both Standard Model and Beyond Standard Model observables. This ambitious task poses its basis on the recent experience with the successful installation and operation of the SMOG2 unpolarized gas target in front of the LHCb spectrometer. Besides allowing for interesting physics studies ranging from astrophysics to heavy-ion physics, SMOG2 provides an ideal benchmark for studying beam-target dynamics at the LHC and demonstrates the feasibility of simultaneous operation with beam-beam collisions. With the installation of the proposed polarized target system, LHCb will become the first experiment to simultaneously collect data from unpolarized beam-beam collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=14 TeV and polarized and unpolarized beam-target collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\sim$100 GeV. LHCspin has the potential to open new frontiers in physics by exploiting the capabilities of the world's most powerful collider and one of the most advanced spectrometers. This document also highlights the need to perform an R\&D campaign and the commissioning of the apparatus at the LHC Interaction Region 4 during the Run 4, before its final installation in LHCb. This opportunity could also allow to undertake preliminary physics measurements with unprecedented conditions. △ Less

Submitted 22 April, 2025; originally announced April 2025.

TMD phenomenology motivated by nonperturbative structures

Authors: Ted Rogers, Fatma Aslan, Mariaelena Boglione, J. Osvaldo Gonzalez-Hernandez, Tommaso Rainaldi, Andrea Simonelli

Abstract: This talk summarized work done recently to organize the steps for implementing TMD phenomenology in a way optimized for contexts where the extraction and interpretation of hadronic structures and nonperturbative effects is the primary driving motivation. This talk summarized work done recently to organize the steps for implementing TMD phenomenology in a way optimized for contexts where the extraction and interpretation of hadronic structures and nonperturbative effects is the primary driving motivation. △ Less

Submitted 13 August, 2024; originally announced August 2024.

Comments: 17 pages, proceedings of 7th International Workshop on Transverse phenomena in hard processes and the transverse structure of the proton (Transversity2024)

Simultaneous reweighting of Transverse Momentum Dependent distributions

Authors: Mariaelena Boglione, Umberto D'Alesio, Carlo Flore, Josè Osvaldo Gonzalez-Hernandez, Francesco Murgia, Alexei Prokudin

Abstract: The Bayesian reweighting procedure is extended to the case of multiple independent extractions of transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs). By exploiting the data on transverse single spin asymmetries, $A_N$, for inclusive pion production in polarized proton-proton collisions measured at RHIC, we perform a simultaneous reweighting of the quark Sivers, transversity and Collins TMD… ▽ More The Bayesian reweighting procedure is extended to the case of multiple independent extractions of transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs). By exploiting the data on transverse single spin asymmetries, $A_N$, for inclusive pion production in polarized proton-proton collisions measured at RHIC, we perform a simultaneous reweighting of the quark Sivers, transversity and Collins TMD functions extracted from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) and $e^+ e^-$ annihilation into hadron pairs. The impact of the implementation of the Soffer bound, as well as the differences between older and newer $A_N$ data, are investigated. The agreement with $A_N$ data at large-$x_F$ values, a kinematical region complementary to those explored in SIDIS measurements, is enhanced, improving the knowledge of the polarized quark TMDs in the large-$x$ region. △ Less

Submitted 15 May, 2024; v1 submitted 19 February, 2024; originally announced February 2024.

Comments: 11 pages, 11 figures. Revised results section, extended discussion on Bayesian reweighting. To appear on Physics Letters B

Report number: JLAB-THY-24-3995

Phenomenology of TMD parton distributions in Drell-Yan and $Z^0$ boson production in a hadron structure oriented approach

Authors: F. Aslan, M. Boglione, J. O. Gonzalez-Hernandez, T. Rainaldi, T. C. Rogers, A. Simonelli

Abstract: We present a first practical implementation of a recently proposed hadron structure oriented (HSO) approach to TMD phenomenology applied to Drell-Yan like processes, including lepton pair production at moderate $Q^2$ and $Z^0$ boson production. We compare and contrast general features of our methodology with other common practices and emphasize the improvements derived from our approach that we vi… ▽ More We present a first practical implementation of a recently proposed hadron structure oriented (HSO) approach to TMD phenomenology applied to Drell-Yan like processes, including lepton pair production at moderate $Q^2$ and $Z^0$ boson production. We compare and contrast general features of our methodology with other common practices and emphasize the improvements derived from our approach that we view as essential for applications where extracting details of nonperturbative transverse hadron structure is a major goal. These include the HSO's preservation of a basic TMD parton-model-like framework even while accounting for full TMD factorization and evolution, explicit preservation of the integral relationship between TMD and collinear pdfs, and the ability to meaningfully compare different theoretical models of nonperturbative TMD parton distributions. In our examples, we show that there is significant sensitivity at moderate $Q^2$ to both the form of the nonperturbative transverse momentum dependence and the parametrization of collinear parton densities. However, we also find that evolving to $Q^2 = M_Z^2$, without fitting, results in a satisfactory postdiction of existing data for $Z^0$ production, nearly independently of the modeling of nonperturbative transverse momentum behavior. We argue that this demonstrates that moderate $Q$ measurements should be given greater weight than high $Q$ measurements in extractions of nonperturbative transverse momentum dependence. We also obtain new extractions of the nonperturbative Collins-Soper kernel within the HSO approach. We discuss its features and compare with some earlier extractions. △ Less

Submitted 30 May, 2024; v1 submitted 25 January, 2024; originally announced January 2024.

Comments: 33 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables

Report number: JLAB-THY-24-3987

Strong Interaction Physics at the Luminosity Frontier with 22 GeV Electrons at Jefferson Lab

Authors: A. Accardi, P. Achenbach, D. Adhikari, A. Afanasev, C. S. Akondi, N. Akopov, M. Albaladejo, H. Albataineh, M. Albrecht, B. Almeida-Zamora, M. Amaryan, D. Androić, W. Armstrong, D. S. Armstrong, M. Arratia, J. Arrington, A. Asaturyan, A. Austregesilo, H. Avagyan, T. Averett, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, A. Bacchetta, A. B. Balantekin, N. Baltzell, L. Barion , et al. (419 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This document presents the initial scientific case for upgrading the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to 22 GeV. It is the result of a community effort, incorporating insights from a series of workshops conducted between March 2022 and April 2023. With a track record of over 25 years in delivering the world's most intense and precise multi-GeV electron… ▽ More This document presents the initial scientific case for upgrading the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to 22 GeV. It is the result of a community effort, incorporating insights from a series of workshops conducted between March 2022 and April 2023. With a track record of over 25 years in delivering the world's most intense and precise multi-GeV electron beams, CEBAF's potential for a higher energy upgrade presents a unique opportunity for an innovative nuclear physics program, which seamlessly integrates a rich historical background with a promising future. The proposed physics program encompass a diverse range of investigations centered around the nonperturbative dynamics inherent in hadron structure and the exploration of strongly interacting systems. It builds upon the exceptional capabilities of CEBAF in high-luminosity operations, the availability of existing or planned Hall equipment, and recent advancements in accelerator technology. The proposed program cover various scientific topics, including Hadron Spectroscopy, Partonic Structure and Spin, Hadronization and Transverse Momentum, Spatial Structure, Mechanical Properties, Form Factors and Emergent Hadron Mass, Hadron-Quark Transition, and Nuclear Dynamics at Extreme Conditions, as well as QCD Confinement and Fundamental Symmetries. Each topic highlights the key measurements achievable at a 22 GeV CEBAF accelerator. Furthermore, this document outlines the significant physics outcomes and unique aspects of these programs that distinguish them from other existing or planned facilities. In summary, this document provides an exciting rationale for the energy upgrade of CEBAF to 22 GeV, outlining the transformative scientific potential that lies within reach, and the remarkable opportunities it offers for advancing our understanding of hadron physics and related fundamental phenomena. △ Less

Submitted 24 August, 2023; v1 submitted 13 June, 2023; originally announced June 2023.

Comments: Updates to the list of authors; Preprint number changed from theory to experiment; Updates to sections 4 and 6, including additional figures

Report number: JLAB-PHY-23-3840

Full treatment of the thrust distribution in single inclusive $e^+ e^- \to h \, X$ processes

Authors: M. Boglione, A. Simonelli

Abstract: Extending the transverse momentum dependent factorization to thrust dependent observables entails a series of difficulties, ultimately associated to the behavior of soft radiation. As a consequence, the definition of the transverse momentum dependent functions has to be revised, while preserving (and possibly extending) their universality properties. Moreover, the regularization of the rapidity di… ▽ More Extending the transverse momentum dependent factorization to thrust dependent observables entails a series of difficulties, ultimately associated to the behavior of soft radiation. As a consequence, the definition of the transverse momentum dependent functions has to be revised, while preserving (and possibly extending) their universality properties. Moreover, the regularization of the rapidity divergences generates non trivial correlations between rapidity and thrust. In this paper, we show how to deal with these correlations in a consistent treatment of the thrust dependence of $e^+ e^- \to h \, X$ cross section, where the hadron transverse momentum is measured with respect to the thrust axis. In this framework all results obtained in the past few years properly fit together, leading to a remarkable phenomenological description of the experimental measurements. △ Less

Submitted 5 June, 2023; originally announced June 2023.

Comments: 54 pages, 6 figures

Report number: JLAB-THY-23-3836

The case for an EIC Theory Alliance: Theoretical Challenges of the EIC

Authors: Raktim Abir, Igor Akushevich, Tolga Altinoluk, Daniele Paolo Anderle, Fatma P. Aslan, Alessandro Bacchetta, Baha Balantekin, Joao Barata, Marco Battaglieri, Carlos A. Bertulani, Guillaume Beuf, Chiara Bissolotti, Daniël Boer, M. Boglione, Radja Boughezal, Eric Braaten, Nora Brambilla, Vladimir Braun, Duane Byer, Francesco Giovanni Celiberto, Yang-Ting Chien, Ian C. Cloët, Martha Constantinou, Wim Cosyn, Aurore Courtoy , et al. (146 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We outline the physics opportunities provided by the Electron Ion Collider (EIC). These include the study of the parton structure of the nucleon and nuclei, the onset of gluon saturation, the production of jets and heavy flavor, hadron spectroscopy and tests of fundamental symmetries. We review the present status and future challenges in EIC theory that have to be addressed in order to realize thi… ▽ More We outline the physics opportunities provided by the Electron Ion Collider (EIC). These include the study of the parton structure of the nucleon and nuclei, the onset of gluon saturation, the production of jets and heavy flavor, hadron spectroscopy and tests of fundamental symmetries. We review the present status and future challenges in EIC theory that have to be addressed in order to realize this ambitious and impactful physics program, including how to engage a diverse and inclusive workforce. In order to address these many-fold challenges, we propose a coordinated effort involving theory groups with differing expertise is needed. We discuss the scientific goals and scope of such an EIC Theory Alliance. △ Less

Submitted 23 May, 2023; originally announced May 2023.

Comments: 44 pages, ReVTeX, White Paper on EIC Theory Alliance

Transverse Momentum Dependent Fragmentation Functions from recent BELLE data

Authors: M. Boglione, J. O. Gonzalez-Hernandez, A. Simonelli

Abstract: A new formalism for the factorization of the cross section for single hadron production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations, differential in $z_h$, $P_T$ and thrust, is applied to the phenomenological analysis of data recently measured by the BELLE Collaboration. Within this scheme the $e^+e^- \to hX$ cross section can be recast in the convolution of a perturbatively calculable coefficient and a universal t… ▽ More A new formalism for the factorization of the cross section for single hadron production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations, differential in $z_h$, $P_T$ and thrust, is applied to the phenomenological analysis of data recently measured by the BELLE Collaboration. Within this scheme the $e^+e^- \to hX$ cross section can be recast in the convolution of a perturbatively calculable coefficient and a universal transverse momentum dependent fragmentation function. While performing a next-to-leading order calculation of the perturbative part of the process to next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy, we examine and thoroughly discuss the suitability of a number of possible ansatz to model the non-perturbative part of this universal transverse momentum dependent fragmentation function, showing the extent to which present experimental data can actually constrain its shape and functional form in terms of $z_h$, $P_T$ and thrust. △ Less

Submitted 17 June, 2022; originally announced June 2022.

Comments: 19 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables

Snowmass 2021 White Paper: Electron Ion Collider for High Energy Physics

Authors: R. Abdul Khalek, U. D'Alesio, M. Arratia, A. Bacchetta, M. Battaglieri, M. Begel, M. Boglione, R. Boughezal, R. Boussarie, G. Bozzi, S. V. Chekanov, F. G. Celiberto, G. Chirilli, T. Cridge, R. Cruz-Torres, R. Corliss, C. Cotton, H. Davoudiasl, A. Deshpande, X. Dong, A. Emmert, S. Fazio, S. Forte, Y. Furletova, C. Gal , et al. (83 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Electron Ion Collider (EIC) is a particle accelerator facility planned for construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, New York by the United States Department of Energy. EIC will provide capabilities of colliding beams of polarized electrons with polarized beams of proton and light ions. EIC will be one of the largest and most sophisticated new accelerator facilities worldwide,… ▽ More Electron Ion Collider (EIC) is a particle accelerator facility planned for construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, New York by the United States Department of Energy. EIC will provide capabilities of colliding beams of polarized electrons with polarized beams of proton and light ions. EIC will be one of the largest and most sophisticated new accelerator facilities worldwide, and the only new large-scale accelerator facility planned for construction in the United States in the next few decades. The versatility, resolving power and intensity of EIC will present many new opportunities to address some of the crucial and fundamental open scientific questions in particle physics. This document provides an overview of the science case of EIC from the perspective of the high energy physics community. △ Less

Submitted 17 October, 2022; v1 submitted 24 March, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Comments: Submitted to the Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021)

New tool for kinematic regime estimation in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering

Authors: M. Boglione, M. Diefenthaler, S. Dolan, L. Gamberg, W. Melnitchouk, D. Pitonyak, A. Prokudin, N. Sato, Z. Scalyer

Abstract: We introduce a new phenomenological tool based on momentum region indicators to guide the analysis and interpretation of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering measurements. The new tool, referred to as "affinity", is devised to help visualize and quantify the proximity of any experimental kinematic bin to a particular hadron production region, such as that associated with transverse momentum de… ▽ More We introduce a new phenomenological tool based on momentum region indicators to guide the analysis and interpretation of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering measurements. The new tool, referred to as "affinity", is devised to help visualize and quantify the proximity of any experimental kinematic bin to a particular hadron production region, such as that associated with transverse momentum dependent factorization. We apply the affinity estimator to existing HERMES and COMPASS data and expected data from Jefferson Lab and the future Electron-Ion Collider. We also provide an interactive notebook based on Machine Learning for fast evaluation of affinity. △ Less

Submitted 28 January, 2022; originally announced January 2022.

Comments: 31 pages, 17 plots

Report number: JLAB-THY-22-3550

Kinematic regions in the $e^+e^- \to h \, X$ factorized cross section in a $2$-jet topology with thrust

Authors: M. Boglione, A. Simonelli

Abstract: Factorization theorems allow to separate out the universal, non-perturbative content of the hadronic cross section from its perturbative part, which can be computed in perturbative QCD, up to the desired order. In this paper, we derive a rigorous proof of factorization of the $e^+ e^- \to h\,X$ cross section, sensitive to the transverse momentum of the detected hadron with respect to the thrust ax… ▽ More Factorization theorems allow to separate out the universal, non-perturbative content of the hadronic cross section from its perturbative part, which can be computed in perturbative QCD, up to the desired order. In this paper, we derive a rigorous proof of factorization of the $e^+ e^- \to h\,X$ cross section, sensitive to the transverse momentum of the detected hadron with respect to the thrust axis, in a completely general framework, based on the Collins-Soper-Sterman approach. The results are explicitly computed to NLO-NLL accuracy and subsequently generalized to all orders in perturbation theory. This procedure naturally leads to a partition of the $e^+ e^- \to h\,X$ kinematics into three different regions, each associated to a different factorization theorem. In one of these regions, which covers the central and widest range, the factorization theorem has a new structure, which shares the features of both TMD and collinear factorization schemes. In the corresponding cross section, the role of the rapidity cut-off is investigated, as its physical meaning becomes increasingly evident. An algorithm to identify these three kinematic regions, based on ratios of observable quantities, is provided. △ Less

Submitted 4 October, 2021; v1 submitted 23 September, 2021; originally announced September 2021.

Comments: 78 pages, 23 figures

Phenomenological extraction of a universal TMD fragmentation function from single hadron production in $e^+ e^-$ annihilations

Authors: M. Boglione, J. O. Gonzalez-Hernandez, A. Simonelli

Abstract: Factorizing the cross section for single hadron production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations, differential in $z_h$, $P_T$ and thrust, is a highly non trivial task. We have devised a factorization scheme that allows us to recast the $e^+e^- \to hX$ cross section in the convolution of a perturbatively calculable coefficient and a universal Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) Fragmentation Function (FF). Th… ▽ More Factorizing the cross section for single hadron production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations, differential in $z_h$, $P_T$ and thrust, is a highly non trivial task. We have devised a factorization scheme that allows us to recast the $e^+e^- \to hX$ cross section in the convolution of a perturbatively calculable coefficient and a universal Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) Fragmentation Function (FF). The predictions obtained from our NLO-NLL perturbative computation, together with a simple ansatz to model the non-perturbative part of the TMD, are applied to the experimental measurements of the BELLE Collaboration for the phenomenological extraction of this process independent TMD FF. △ Less

Submitted 10 August, 2021; v1 submitted 9 August, 2021; originally announced August 2021.

Comments: To appear in the Proceedings of the XXVIII International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects (DIS2021)

Reweighting the quark Sivers function with STAR jet data

Authors: Carlo Flore, Maria Elena Boglione, Umberto D'Alesio, Josè Osvaldo Gonzalez-Hernandez, Francesco Murgia, Alexei Prokudin

Abstract: The Bayesian reweighting procedure is applied for the first time to a TMD distribution, the quark Sivers function extracted from SIDIS data. By exploiting the recent published single spin asymmetry data for the inclusive jet production in $p^\uparrow p$ collisions from the STAR collaboration at RHIC, we show how such a procedure allows to incorporate the information contained in the new data set,… ▽ More The Bayesian reweighting procedure is applied for the first time to a TMD distribution, the quark Sivers function extracted from SIDIS data. By exploiting the recent published single spin asymmetry data for the inclusive jet production in $p^\uparrow p$ collisions from the STAR collaboration at RHIC, we show how such a procedure allows to incorporate the information contained in the new data set, without the need of re-fitting, and to explore a much wider $x$ region compared to SIDIS measurements. The reweighting method is also extended to the case of asymmetric errors, and the results show a significant improvement on the knowledge of the quark Sivers function. △ Less

Submitted 28 July, 2021; originally announced July 2021.

Comments: 8 pages, 3 figures. Contribution to the XXVIII International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects (DIS2021). Submission to SciPost Proceedings

Science Requirements and Detector Concepts for the Electron-Ion Collider: EIC Yellow Report

Authors: R. Abdul Khalek, A. Accardi, J. Adam, D. Adamiak, W. Akers, M. Albaladejo, A. Al-bataineh, M. G. Alexeev, F. Ameli, P. Antonioli, N. Armesto, W. R. Armstrong, M. Arratia, J. Arrington, A. Asaturyan, M. Asai, E. C. Aschenauer, S. Aune, H. Avagyan, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, B. Azmoun, A. Bacchetta, M. D. Baker, F. Barbosa, L. Barion , et al. (390 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This report describes the physics case, the resulting detector requirements, and the evolving detector concepts for the experimental program at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC will be a powerful new high-luminosity facility in the United States with the capability to collide high-energy electron beams with high-energy proton and ion beams, providing access to those regions in the nucleon… ▽ More This report describes the physics case, the resulting detector requirements, and the evolving detector concepts for the experimental program at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC will be a powerful new high-luminosity facility in the United States with the capability to collide high-energy electron beams with high-energy proton and ion beams, providing access to those regions in the nucleon and nuclei where their structure is dominated by gluons. Moreover, polarized beams in the EIC will give unprecedented access to the spatial and spin structure of the proton, neutron, and light ions. The studies leading to this document were commissioned and organized by the EIC User Group with the objective of advancing the state and detail of the physics program and developing detector concepts that meet the emerging requirements in preparation for the realization of the EIC. The effort aims to provide the basis for further development of concepts for experimental equipment best suited for the science needs, including the importance of two complementary detectors and interaction regions. This report consists of three volumes. Volume I is an executive summary of our findings and developed concepts. In Volume II we describe studies of a wide range of physics measurements and the emerging requirements on detector acceptance and performance. Volume III discusses general-purpose detector concepts and the underlying technologies to meet the physics requirements. These considerations will form the basis for a world-class experimental program that aims to increase our understanding of the fundamental structure of all visible matter △ Less

Submitted 26 October, 2021; v1 submitted 8 March, 2021; originally announced March 2021.

Comments: 902 pages, 415 authors, 151 institutions

Report number: BNL-220990-2021-FORE, JLAB-PHY-21-3198, LA-UR-21-20953

Journal ref: Nucl. Phys. A 1026 (2022) 122447

Reweighting the Sivers function with jet data from STAR

Authors: Mariaelena Boglione, Umberto D'Alesio, Carlo Flore, Josè Osvaldo Gonzalez-Hernandez, Francesco Murgia, Alexei Prokudin

Abstract: The reweighting procedure that using Bayesian statistics incorporates the information contained in a new data set, without the need of re-fitting, is applied to the quark Sivers function extracted from Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) data. We exploit the recently published single spin asymmetry data for the inclusive jet production in polarized $pp$ collisions from the STAR Collab… ▽ More The reweighting procedure that using Bayesian statistics incorporates the information contained in a new data set, without the need of re-fitting, is applied to the quark Sivers function extracted from Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) data. We exploit the recently published single spin asymmetry data for the inclusive jet production in polarized $pp$ collisions from the STAR Collaboration at RHIC, which cover a much wider $x$ region compared to SIDIS measurements. The reweighting method is extended to the case of asymmetric errors and the results show a remarkable improvement of the knowledge of the quark Sivers function. △ Less

Submitted 11 January, 2021; originally announced January 2021.

Comments: 9 pages, 5 figures

Report number: JLAB-THY-21-3305

Factorization of $e^+e^- \to H \, X$ cross section, differential in $z_h$, $P_T$ and thrust, in the $2$-jet limit

Authors: M. Boglione, A. Simonelli

Abstract: Factorizing the cross section for single hadron production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations is a highly non trivial task when the transverse momentum of the outgoing hadron with respect to the thrust axis is taken into account. We work in a scheme that allows to factorize the $e^+e^- \to HX$ cross section as a convolution of a calculable hard coefficient and a Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) fragment… ▽ More Factorizing the cross section for single hadron production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations is a highly non trivial task when the transverse momentum of the outgoing hadron with respect to the thrust axis is taken into account. We work in a scheme that allows to factorize the $e^+e^- \to HX$ cross section as a convolution of a calculable hard coefficient and a Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) fragmentation function. The result, differential in $z_h$, $P_T$ and thrust, will be given to all orders in perturbation theory and explicitly computed to Next to Leading Order (NLO) and Next to Leading Log (NLL) accuracy. The predictions obtained from our computation, applying the simplest and most natural ansatz to model the non-perturbative part of the TMD, are in exceptional agreement with the experimental measurements of the BELLE Collaboration. The factorization scheme we propose relates the TMD parton densities defined in 1-hadron and 2-hadron processes, restoring the possibility to perform global phenomenological studies of TMD physics including experimental data from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, Drell-Yan processes, $e^+e^- \to H_1 H_2 X$ and $e^+e^- \to HX$ annihilations. △ Less

Submitted 14 November, 2020; originally announced November 2020.

Comments: 59 pages, 8 figures

Universality-breaking effects in $e^+e^-$ hadronic production processes

Authors: M. Boglione, A. Simonelli

Abstract: Recent BELLE measurements provide the cross section for single hadron production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations, differential in thrust and in the hadron transverse momentum with respect to the thrust axis. Universality breaking effects due to process-dependent soft factors make it very difficult to relate this cross sections to those corresponding to hadron-pair production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations, w… ▽ More Recent BELLE measurements provide the cross section for single hadron production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations, differential in thrust and in the hadron transverse momentum with respect to the thrust axis. Universality breaking effects due to process-dependent soft factors make it very difficult to relate this cross sections to those corresponding to hadron-pair production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations, where transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization can be applied. The correspondence between these two cross sections is examined in the framework of the Collins-Soper-Sterman factorization, in the collinear as well as in the TMD approach. We propose a scheme that allows to relate the TMD parton densities defined in 1-hadron and in 2-hadron processes, neatly separating, within the soft and collinear parts, the non-perturbative terms from the contributions that can be calculated perturbatively. The regularization of rapidity divergences introduces cut-offs, the arbitrariness of which will be properly reabsorbed by means of a mechanism closely reminiscent of a gauge transformation. In this way, we restore the possibility to perform global phenomenological studies of TMD physics, simultaneously analyzing data belonging to different hadron classes. △ Less

Submitted 1 November, 2020; v1 submitted 27 July, 2020; originally announced July 2020.

Comments: 60 pages, 15 figures, revised argument in section 6 - results unchanged, 1 figure added in section 3, references added, typos corrected

Probing Nucleons and Nuclei in High Energy Collisions

Authors: Christine A. Aidala, Elke Aschenauer, Fatma Aslan, Alessandro Bacchetta, Ian Balitsky, Sanjin Benic, Shohini Bhattacharya, Mariaelena Boglione, Matthias Burkardt, Justin Cammarota, Giovanni A. Chirilli, Christopher Cocuzza, Aurore Courtoy, Daniel de Florian, Pasquale Di Nezza, Adrian Dumitru, Sara Fucini, Kenji Fukushima, Yulia Furletova, Leonard Gamberg, Oscar Garcia-Montero, François Gelis, Vadim Guzey, Yoshitaka Hatta, Francesco Hautmann , et al. (65 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This volume is a collection of contributions for the 7-week program "Probing Nucleons and Nuclei in High Energy Collisions" that was held at the Institute for Nuclear Theory in Seattle, WA, USA, from October 1 until November 16, 2018. The program was dedicated to the physics of the Electron Ion Collider (EIC), the world's first polarized electron-nucleon (ep) and electron-nucleus (eA) collider to… ▽ More This volume is a collection of contributions for the 7-week program "Probing Nucleons and Nuclei in High Energy Collisions" that was held at the Institute for Nuclear Theory in Seattle, WA, USA, from October 1 until November 16, 2018. The program was dedicated to the physics of the Electron Ion Collider (EIC), the world's first polarized electron-nucleon (ep) and electron-nucleus (eA) collider to be constructed in the USA. These proceedings are organized by chapters, corresponding to the weeks of the program: Week I, Generalized parton distributions; Week II, Transverse spin and TMDs; Week III, Longitudinal spin; Week IV, Symposium week; Weeks V & VI, eA collisions; Week VII, pA and AA collisions. We hope these proceedings will be useful to readers as a compilation of EIC-related science at the end of the second decade of the XXI century. △ Less

Submitted 11 May, 2020; v1 submitted 25 February, 2020; originally announced February 2020.

Comments: Electron Ion Collider, INT 18-3 Program. Published by World Scientific. Duplicates content of arXiv:1912.10965, arXiv:1912.10724, arXiv:1910.03006, arXiv:1910.07982, arXiv:1912.13397, arXiv:1910.01979, arXiv:2001.07862, arXiv:2001.03700, arXiv:1910.01030, arXiv:1910.01273, arXiv:1912.13020, arXiv:1910.06003, arXiv:2001.03655, arXiv:1909.12591, arXiv:1909.09809, arXiv:1910.04806, arXiv:2001.05978

Mapping the Kinematical Regimes of Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering

Authors: M. Boglione, A. Dotson, L. Gamberg, S. Gordon, J. O. Gonzalez-Hernandez, A. Prokudin, T. C. Rogers, N. Sato

Abstract: We construct a language for identifying kinematical regions of transversely differential semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering cross sections with particular underlying partonic pictures, especially in regions of moderate to low $Q$ where sensitivity to kinematical effects outside the usual very high energy limit becomes non-trivial. The partonic pictures map to power law expansions whose leadi… ▽ More We construct a language for identifying kinematical regions of transversely differential semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering cross sections with particular underlying partonic pictures, especially in regions of moderate to low $Q$ where sensitivity to kinematical effects outside the usual very high energy limit becomes non-trivial. The partonic pictures map to power law expansions whose leading contributions ultimately lead to well-known QCD factorization theorems. We propose methods for estimating the consistency of any particular region of overall hadronic kinematics with the kinematics of a given underlying partonic picture. The basic setup of kinematics of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering is also reviewed in some detail. △ Less

Submitted 29 April, 2019; originally announced April 2019.

Comments: 37 pages, 11 Figures

Journal ref: JHEP10(2019)122

Unpolarised TMD PDFs and FFs and the role of transverse momentum dependence in azimuthal spin asymmetries

Authors: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D'Alesio, F. Murgia, A. Prokudin

Abstract: In the TMD approach, the average transverse momentum of the unpolarised TMD PDFs and FFs is crucial not only to reproduce unpolarised cross sections and hadron multiplicities, but also for the understanding of azimuthal and spin asymmetries. Information on these transverse momenta is nowadays obtained mainly by fitting multiplicities data for SIDIS, where the intrinsic motion in the initial parton… ▽ More In the TMD approach, the average transverse momentum of the unpolarised TMD PDFs and FFs is crucial not only to reproduce unpolarised cross sections and hadron multiplicities, but also for the understanding of azimuthal and spin asymmetries. Information on these transverse momenta is nowadays obtained mainly by fitting multiplicities data for SIDIS, where the intrinsic motion in the initial parton distributions and in the hadronisation process are strongly correlated and difficult to estimate separately without ambiguities. In this contribution we discuss the consequences of this correlation effects on the predictions for the Sivers and Collins asymmetries measured in SIDIS and $e^+e^-$ annihilations, and under active investigation for Drell-Yan processes at RHIC and at CERN by the COMPASS experiment. We show that these effects may be relevant and can sensibly modify the size of the predicted asymmetries. Therefore, they must be taken into careful account when investigating other aspects of TMDs, like the evolution properties of the Sivers and Collins functions and the expected process dependence of the Sivers function. △ Less

Submitted 13 February, 2019; originally announced February 2019.

Comments: 9 pages, 2 figures (4 eps plots); Talk delivered by F. Murgia at the "23rd International Spin Symposium (SPIN 2018)", Ferrara, Italy, September 10-14, 2018; To appear in Proceedings of Science

The LHCSpin Project

Authors: C. A. Aidala, A. Bacchetta, M. Boglione, G. Bozzi, V. Carassiti, M. Chiosso, R. Cimino, G. Ciullo, M. Contalbrigo, U. D'Alesio, P. Di Nezza, R. Engels, K. Grigoryev, D. Keller, P. Lenisa, S. Liuti, A. Metz, P. J. Mulders, F. Murgia, A. Nass, D. Panzieri, L. L. Pappalardo, B. Pasquini, C. Pisano, M. Radici , et al. (6 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: LHCSpin aims at installing a polarized gas target in front of the LHCb spectrometer, bringing, for the first time, polarized physics to the LHC. The project will benefit from the experience achieved with the installation of an unpolarized gas target at LHCb during the LHC Long Shutdown 2. LHCb will then become the first experiment simultaneously running in collider and fixed-target mode with polar… ▽ More LHCSpin aims at installing a polarized gas target in front of the LHCb spectrometer, bringing, for the first time, polarized physics to the LHC. The project will benefit from the experience achieved with the installation of an unpolarized gas target at LHCb during the LHC Long Shutdown 2. LHCb will then become the first experiment simultaneously running in collider and fixed-target mode with polarized targets, opening a whole new range of explorations to its exceptional spectrometer. LHCSpin will offer a unique opportunity to probe polarized quark and gluon parton distributions in nucleons and nuclei, especially at high $x$ and intermediate $Q^2$, where experimental data are still largely missing. Beside standard collinear parton distribution functions (PDFs), LHCSpin will make it possible to study multidimensional polarized parton distributions that depend also on parton transverse momentum. The study of the multidimensional partonic structure of the nucleon, particularly including polarization effects, can test our knowledge of QCD at an unprecedented level of sophistication, both in the perturbative and nonperturbative regime. At the same time, an accurate knowledge of hadron structure is necessary for precision measurements of Standard Model (SM) observables and discovery of physics beyond the SM. Due to the intricate nature of the strong interaction, it is indispensable to perform the widest possible suite of experimental measurements. It will be ideal to have two new projects complementing each other: a new facility for polarized electron-proton collisions and a new facility for polarized proton-proton collisions. LHCSpin stands out at the moment as the most promising candidate for the second type of project, going beyond the kinematic coverage and the accuracy of the existent experiments, especially on the heavy-quark sector. △ Less

Submitted 23 January, 2019; originally announced January 2019.

Role of transverse momentum dependence of unpolarised parton distribution and fragmentation functions in the analysis of azimuthal spin asymmetries

Authors: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D'Alesio, F. Murgia, A. Prokudin

Abstract: Information on the Sivers distribution and the Collins fragmentation functions and their transverse momentum dependence is mainly based on fitting single spin asymmetry data from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS). Independent information, respectively on the Sivers distribution and the Collins fragmentation, can be obtained from Drell-Yan and $e^+e^-$ annihilation processes. In the… ▽ More Information on the Sivers distribution and the Collins fragmentation functions and their transverse momentum dependence is mainly based on fitting single spin asymmetry data from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS). Independent information, respectively on the Sivers distribution and the Collins fragmentation, can be obtained from Drell-Yan and $e^+e^-$ annihilation processes. In the SIDIS case, the transverse momentum of the final observed hadron, which is the quantity measured, is generated both by the average transverse momentum in the distribution and in the fragmentation functions. As a consequence, these are strongly correlated and a separate extraction is made difficult. In this paper we investigate, in a simple kinematical Gaussian configuration, this correlation, its role on the transverse single spin asymmetries in SIDIS and the consequences for predictions of the Sivers asymmetry in Drell-Yan processes and for the Collins asymmetry in $e^+e^-$ annihilation. We find that, in some cases, these effects can be relevant and must be carefully taken into account. △ Less

Submitted 25 September, 2018; originally announced September 2018.

Comments: 21 pages, 9 figures (18 eps plots)

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 98, 094023 (2018)

Assessing signals of TMD physics in SIDIS azimuthal asymmetries and in the extraction of the Sivers function

Authors: M. Boglione, U. D'Alesio, C. Flore, J. O. Gonzalez-Hernandez

Abstract: New data on the Sivers azimuthal asymmetry measured in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering processes have recently been released by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN. Their increased precision and their particular binning, in terms of $Q^2$ as well as $x$, motivates a new extraction of the Sivers function, within the framework of a simple and transparent parametrization. Signals of TMD effect… ▽ More New data on the Sivers azimuthal asymmetry measured in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering processes have recently been released by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN. Their increased precision and their particular binning, in terms of $Q^2$ as well as $x$, motivates a new extraction of the Sivers function, within the framework of a simple and transparent parametrization. Signals of TMD effects visible in the Sivers asymmetries are critically assessed. A thorough study of the uncertainties affecting the extracted Sivers function is presented, including the low-$x$ and large-$x$ regions. △ Less

Submitted 27 June, 2018; originally announced June 2018.

Comments: 20 pages, 13 figures

Transverse parton momenta in single inclusive hadron production in ${e^ + }{e^ - }$ annihilation processes

Authors: M. Boglione, J. O. Gonzalez-Hernandez, R. Taghavi

Abstract: We study the transverse momentum distributions of single inclusive hadron production in ${e^ + }{e^ - }$ annihilation processes. Although the only available experimental data are scarce and quite old, we find that the fundamental features of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) evolution, historically addressed in Drell-Yan processes and, more recently, in Semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering p… ▽ More We study the transverse momentum distributions of single inclusive hadron production in ${e^ + }{e^ - }$ annihilation processes. Although the only available experimental data are scarce and quite old, we find that the fundamental features of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) evolution, historically addressed in Drell-Yan processes and, more recently, in Semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering processes, are visible in ${e^ + }{e^ - }$ annihilations as well. Interesting effects related to its non-perturbative regime can be observed. We test two different parameterizations for the $p_\perp$ dependence of the cross section: the usual Gaussian distribution and a power-law model. We find the latter to be more appropriate in describing this particular set of experimental data, over a relatively large range of $p_\perp$ values. We use this model to map some of the features of the data within the framework of TMD evolution, and discuss the caveats of this and other possible interpretations, related to the one-dimensional nature of the available experimental data. △ Less

Submitted 28 April, 2017; originally announced April 2017.

Study of the sign change of the Sivers function from STAR Collaboration W/Z production data

Authors: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D'Alesio, F. Murgia, A. Prokudin

Abstract: Recent data on the transverse single spin asymmetry $A_N$ measured by the STAR Collaboration for $p^\uparrow \, p \to W^\pm/Z^0 \, X$ reactions at RHIC allow the first investigation of the Sivers function in Drell-Yan processes and of its expected sign change with respect to SIDIS processes. A new extraction of the Sivers functions from the latest SIDIS data is performed and a critical assessment… ▽ More Recent data on the transverse single spin asymmetry $A_N$ measured by the STAR Collaboration for $p^\uparrow \, p \to W^\pm/Z^0 \, X$ reactions at RHIC allow the first investigation of the Sivers function in Drell-Yan processes and of its expected sign change with respect to SIDIS processes. A new extraction of the Sivers functions from the latest SIDIS data is performed and a critical assessment of the significance of the STAR data is attempted. △ Less

Submitted 19 December, 2016; originally announced December 2016.

Comments: 17 pages, 16 pdf figures, uses jheppub.sty

Report number: JLAB-THY-16-2404

Kinematics of Current Region Fragmentation in Semi-Inclusive Deeply Inelastic Scattering

Authors: M. Boglione, J. Collins, L. Gamberg, J. O. Gonzalez-Hernandez, T. C. Rogers, N. Sato

Abstract: Different kinematical regimes of semi-inclusive deeply inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes correspond to different underlying partonic pictures, and it is important to understand the transition between them. This is particularly the case when there is sensitivity to intrinsic transverse momentum, in which case kinematical details can become especially important. We address the question of how t… ▽ More Different kinematical regimes of semi-inclusive deeply inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes correspond to different underlying partonic pictures, and it is important to understand the transition between them. This is particularly the case when there is sensitivity to intrinsic transverse momentum, in which case kinematical details can become especially important. We address the question of how to identify the current fragmentation region --- the kinematical regime where a factorization picture with fragmentation functions is appropriate. We distinguish this from soft and target fragmentation regimes. Our criteria are based on the kinematic regions used in derivations of factorization theorems. We argue that, when hard scales are of order a few GeVs, there is likely significant overlap between different rapidity regions that are normally understood to be distinct. We thus comment on the need to take this into account with more unified descriptions of SIDIS, which should span all rapidities for the produced hadron. Finally, we propose general criteria for estimating the proximity to the current region at large Q. △ Less

Submitted 30 January, 2017; v1 submitted 30 November, 2016; originally announced November 2016.

Comments: 9 Pages, 5 figures; minor clarifications and corrections, version appearing in Physics Letters B

The Sivers asymmetry in $J/Ψ$ and lepton pair production at COMPASS

Authors: M. Anselmino, V. Barone, M. Boglione

Abstract: The abundant production of lepton pairs via $J/Ψ$ creation at COMPASS, $π^\pm \, p^\uparrow \to J/Ψ\, X \to \ell^+ \ell^- X$, allows a measurement of the transverse Single Spin Asymmetry generated by the Sivers effect. The crucial issue of the sign change of the Sivers function in lepton pair production, with respect to Semi Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering processes, can be solved. Predictions… ▽ More The abundant production of lepton pairs via $J/Ψ$ creation at COMPASS, $π^\pm \, p^\uparrow \to J/Ψ\, X \to \ell^+ \ell^- X$, allows a measurement of the transverse Single Spin Asymmetry generated by the Sivers effect. The crucial issue of the sign change of the Sivers function in lepton pair production, with respect to Semi Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering processes, can be solved. Predictions for the expected magnitude of the Single Spin Asymmetry, which turns out to be large, are given. △ Less

Submitted 1 July, 2016; originally announced July 2016.

Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures

Extracting the Kaon Collins function from $e^+e^-$ hadron pair production data

Authors: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D'Alesio, J. O. Gonzalez Hernandez, S. Melis, F. Murgia, A. Prokudin

Abstract: The latest data released by the BaBar Collaboration on azimuthal correlations measured for pion-kaon and kaon-kaon pairs produced in $e^+e^-$ annihilations allow, for the first time, a direct extraction of the kaon Collins functions. These functions are then used to compute the kaon Collins asymmetries in Semi Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering processes, which result in good agreement with the m… ▽ More The latest data released by the BaBar Collaboration on azimuthal correlations measured for pion-kaon and kaon-kaon pairs produced in $e^+e^-$ annihilations allow, for the first time, a direct extraction of the kaon Collins functions. These functions are then used to compute the kaon Collins asymmetries in Semi Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering processes, which result in good agreement with the measurements performed by the HERMES and COMPASS Collaborations. △ Less

Submitted 7 December, 2015; originally announced December 2015.

Comments: 11 pages, 6 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 93, 034025 (2016)

Phenomenology of transverse spin: past, present and future

Authors: Mariaelena Boglione, Alexei Prokudin

Abstract: We summarize the most significant aspects in the study of transverse spin phenomena over the last few decades, focusing on Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering processes and hadronic production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations. The phenomenology of transverse momentum dependent distribution and fragmentation functions will be reviewed in an in-depth analysis of the most recent developments and of the… ▽ More We summarize the most significant aspects in the study of transverse spin phenomena over the last few decades, focusing on Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering processes and hadronic production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations. The phenomenology of transverse momentum dependent distribution and fragmentation functions will be reviewed in an in-depth analysis of the most recent developments and of the future perspectives. △ Less

Submitted 2 December, 2015; v1 submitted 21 November, 2015; originally announced November 2015.

Comments: 20 pages, 21 figures, one comment and two references added

Collins functions for pions from SIDIS and new e+e- data: a first glance at their transverse momentum dependence

Authors: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D'Alesio, J. O. Gonzalez Hernandez, S. Melis, F. Murgia, A. Prokudin

Abstract: New data from Belle and BaBar Collaborations on azimuthal asymmetries, measured in e+e- annihilations into pion pairs at Q^2=112 GeV^2, allow to take the first, direct glance at the transverse momentum dependence of the Collins functions, in addition to their z dependence. These data, together with available Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) data on the Collins asymmetry, are simult… ▽ More New data from Belle and BaBar Collaborations on azimuthal asymmetries, measured in e+e- annihilations into pion pairs at Q^2=112 GeV^2, allow to take the first, direct glance at the transverse momentum dependence of the Collins functions, in addition to their z dependence. These data, together with available Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) data on the Collins asymmetry, are simultaneously analysed in the framework of the generalised parton model assuming two alternative Q^2 evolution schemes and exploiting two different parameterisations for the Collins functions. The corresponding results for the transversity distributions are presented. Analogous data, newly released by the BESIII Collaboration, on e+e- annihilations into pion pairs at the lower Q^2 of 13 GeV^2, offer the possibility to explore the sensitivity of these azimuthal correlations on transverse momentum dependent evolution effects. △ Less

Submitted 19 October, 2015; originally announced October 2015.

Comments: 20 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 92, 114023 (2015)

Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions: status and prospects

Authors: R. Angeles-Martinez, A. Bacchetta, I. I. Balitsky, D. Boer, M. Boglione, R. Boussarie, F. A. Ceccopieri, I. O. Cherednikov, P. Connor, M. G. Echevarria, G. Ferrera, J. Grados Luyando, F. Hautmann, H. Jung, T. Kasemets, K. Kutak, J. P. Lansberg, A. Lelek, G. Lykasov, J. D. Madrigal Martinez, P. J. Mulders, E. R. Nocera, E. Petreska, C. Pisano, R. Placakyte , et al. (12 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We provide a concise overview on transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions, their application to topical issues in high-energy physics phenomenology, and their theoretical connections with QCD resummation, evolution and factorization theorems. We illustrate the use of TMDs via examples of multi-scale problems in hadronic collisions. These include transverse momentum q_T spe… ▽ More We provide a concise overview on transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions, their application to topical issues in high-energy physics phenomenology, and their theoretical connections with QCD resummation, evolution and factorization theorems. We illustrate the use of TMDs via examples of multi-scale problems in hadronic collisions. These include transverse momentum q_T spectra of Higgs and vector bosons for low q_T, and azimuthal correlations in the production of multiple jets associated with heavy bosons at large jet masses. We discuss computational tools for TMDs, and present an application of a new tool, TMDlib, to parton density fits and parameterizations. △ Less

Submitted 19 July, 2015; originally announced July 2015.

Comments: 20 pages

Report number: DESY 15-111, NIKHEF 2015-023, RAL-P-2015-006

A phenomenological analysis of azimuthal asymmetries in unpolarized semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering

Authors: V. Barone, M. Boglione, J. O. Gonzalez Hernandez, S. Melis

Abstract: We present a phenomenological analysis of the cos-phi and cos-2phi asymmetries in unpolarized semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, based on the recent multidimensional data released by the COMPASS and HERMES Collaborations. In the TMD framework, valid at relatively low transverse momenta, these asymmetries arise from intrinsic transverse momentum and transverse spin effects, and from their co… ▽ More We present a phenomenological analysis of the cos-phi and cos-2phi asymmetries in unpolarized semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, based on the recent multidimensional data released by the COMPASS and HERMES Collaborations. In the TMD framework, valid at relatively low transverse momenta, these asymmetries arise from intrinsic transverse momentum and transverse spin effects, and from their correlations. The role of the Cahn and Boer-Mulders effects in both azimuthal moments is explored up to order 1/Q. As the kinematics of the present experiments is dominated by the low-Q^2 region, higher-twist contributions turn out to be important, affecting the results of our fits. △ Less

Submitted 3 April, 2015; v1 submitted 14 February, 2015; originally announced February 2015.

Comments: 18 pages, 5 figures, one paragraph added at the end of Section IV, one reference added. PRD version

Phenomenological implementations of TMD evolution

Authors: M. Boglione, J. O. Gonzalez Hernandez, S. Melis, A. Prokudin

Abstract: Although the theoretical set-up of TMD evolution appears to be well established, its phenomenological implementations still require special attention, particularly as far as the interplay between perturbative and non-perturbative contributions is concerned. These issues have been extensively studied in Drell-Yan processes, where they seem to be reasonably under control. Instead, applying the same… ▽ More Although the theoretical set-up of TMD evolution appears to be well established, its phenomenological implementations still require special attention, particularly as far as the interplay between perturbative and non-perturbative contributions is concerned. These issues have been extensively studied in Drell-Yan processes, where they seem to be reasonably under control. Instead, applying the same prescriptions and methodologies to Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic (SIDIS) processes is, at present, far from obvious. Some of the controversies related to the applications of TMD Evolution to SIDIS processes will be discussed with practical examples, exploring different kinematical configurations of SIDIS experiments. △ Less

Submitted 22 December, 2014; originally announced December 2014.

Comments: 8 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the proceedings of "QCD Evolution Workshop", Santa Fe, NM (USA), May 12-16, 2014

A study on the interplay between perturbative QCD and CSS/TMD formalism in SIDIS processes

Authors: M. Boglione, J. O. Gonzalez Hernandez, S. Melis, A. Prokudin

Abstract: We study the Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) cross section as a function of the transverse momentum, $q_T$. In order to describe it over a wide region of $q_T$, soft gluon resummation has to be performed. Here we will use the original Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) formalism; however, the same procedure would hold within the improved Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) framework. We… ▽ More We study the Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) cross section as a function of the transverse momentum, $q_T$. In order to describe it over a wide region of $q_T$, soft gluon resummation has to be performed. Here we will use the original Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) formalism; however, the same procedure would hold within the improved Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) framework. We study the matching between the region where fixed order perturbative QCD can successfully be applied and the region where soft gluon resummation is necessary. We find that the commonly used prescription of matching through the so-called Y-factor cannot be applied in the SIDIS kinematical configurations we examine. In particular, the non-perturbative component of the resummed cross section turns out to play a crucial role and should not be overlooked even at relatively high energies. Moreover, the perturbative expansion of the resummed cross section in the matching region is not as reliable as it is usually believed and its treatment requires special attention. △ Less

Submitted 16 December, 2014; v1 submitted 3 December, 2014; originally announced December 2014.

Comments: Two references and an appendix added, 22 pages, 11 figures

Report number: JLAB-THY-14-1983

A_N in inclusive lepton-proton collisions

Authors: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D'Alesio, S. Melis, F. Murgia, A. Prokudin

Abstract: Some estimates for the transverse single spin asymmetry, A_N, in the inclusive processes l p(transv. pol.) -> h X are compared with new experimental data. The calculations are based on the Sivers and Collins functions as extracted from SIDIS azimuthal asymmetries, within a transverse momentum dependent factorization approach. The values of A_N thus obtained agree in sign and shape with the data. P… ▽ More Some estimates for the transverse single spin asymmetry, A_N, in the inclusive processes l p(transv. pol.) -> h X are compared with new experimental data. The calculations are based on the Sivers and Collins functions as extracted from SIDIS azimuthal asymmetries, within a transverse momentum dependent factorization approach. The values of A_N thus obtained agree in sign and shape with the data. Predictions for future experiments are also given. △ Less

Submitted 14 July, 2014; originally announced July 2014.

Comments: 6 pages, 10 eps figures, uses PoS.cls. Talk delivered by U. D'Alesio at the "XXII International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects" (DIS 2014), Warsaw, Poland, 28 April - 2 May 2014. To appear in PoS DIS 2014

Single Spin Asymmetries in l p(transv. pol.) --> h X processes and TMD factorisation

Authors: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D'Alesio, S. Melis, F. Murgia, A. Prokudin

Abstract: Some estimates for the transverse Single Spin Asymmetry, A_N, in the inclusive processes l p(transv. pol.) --> h X, given in a previous paper, are expanded and compared with new experimental data. The predictions are based on the Sivers distributions and the Collins fragmentation functions which fit the azimuthal asymmetries measured in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) processes (l… ▽ More Some estimates for the transverse Single Spin Asymmetry, A_N, in the inclusive processes l p(transv. pol.) --> h X, given in a previous paper, are expanded and compared with new experimental data. The predictions are based on the Sivers distributions and the Collins fragmentation functions which fit the azimuthal asymmetries measured in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) processes (l p(transv. pol.) --> l' h X). The factorisation in terms of Transverse Momentum Dependent distribution and fragmentation functions (TMD factorisation) -- i.e., the theoretical framework in which SIDIS azimuthal asymmetries are analysed -- is assumed to hold also for the inclusive process l p --> h X at large P_T. The values of A_N thus obtained agree in sign and shape with the data. Some predictions are given for future experiments. △ Less

Submitted 25 April, 2014; originally announced April 2014.

Comments: RevTex4, 10 pages, 14 eps figures

Unpolarised Transverse Momentum Dependent Distribution and Fragmentation Functions from SIDIS Multiplicities

Authors: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, J. O. Gonzalez H., S. Melis, A. Prokudin

Abstract: The unpolarised transverse momentum dependent distribution and fragmentation functions are extracted from HERMES and COMPASS experimental measurements of SIDIS multiplicities for charged hadron production. The data are grouped into independent bins of the kinematical variables, in which the TMD factorisation is expected to hold. A simple factorised functional form of the TMDs is adopted, with a Ga… ▽ More The unpolarised transverse momentum dependent distribution and fragmentation functions are extracted from HERMES and COMPASS experimental measurements of SIDIS multiplicities for charged hadron production. The data are grouped into independent bins of the kinematical variables, in which the TMD factorisation is expected to hold. A simple factorised functional form of the TMDs is adopted, with a Gaussian dependence on the intrinsic transverse momentum, which turns out to be quite adequate in shape. HERMES data do not need any normalisation correction, while fits of the COMPASS data much improve with a $y$-dependent overall normalisation factor. A comparison of the extracted TMDs with previous EMC and JLab data confirms the adequacy of the simple Gaussian distributions. The possible role of the TMD evolution is briefly considered. △ Less

Submitted 21 December, 2013; originally announced December 2013.

Comments: 21 pages, 16 figures

Phenomenology of Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Densities

Authors: M. Boglione

Abstract: This talk provides a short overview of the phenomenology of transverse momentum depedent distribution and fragmention functions, focussing on the most recent phenomenological developments in the study of their scale evolution and energy depedence. This talk provides a short overview of the phenomenology of transverse momentum depedent distribution and fragmention functions, focussing on the most recent phenomenological developments in the study of their scale evolution and energy depedence. △ Less

Submitted 27 September, 2013; originally announced September 2013.

Comments: 9 pages, 6 figures, talk presented at the International Workshop QCD Evolution 2013, May 6-10, 2013, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA

Sivers effect and the single spin asymmetry A_N in p(transv. pol.) p --> h X processes

Authors: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D'Alesio, S. Melis, F. Murgia, A. Prokudin

Abstract: The single spin asymmetry A_N, for large P_T single inclusive particle production in p(transv. pol.) p collisions, is considered within a generalised parton model and a transverse momentum dependent factorisation scheme. The focus is on the Sivers effect and the study of its potential contribution to A_N, based on a careful analysis of the Sivers functions extracted from azimuthal asymmetries in s… ▽ More The single spin asymmetry A_N, for large P_T single inclusive particle production in p(transv. pol.) p collisions, is considered within a generalised parton model and a transverse momentum dependent factorisation scheme. The focus is on the Sivers effect and the study of its potential contribution to A_N, based on a careful analysis of the Sivers functions extracted from azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering processes. It is found that such Sivers functions could explain most features of the A_N data, including some recent STAR results which show the persistence of a non zero A_N up to surprisingly large P_T values. △ Less

Submitted 26 September, 2013; v1 submitted 29 April, 2013; originally announced April 2013.

Comments: RevTex4, 15 pages, 19 eps figures, 1 Table. v2: Few comments and references added, conclusion section extended, results unchanged. Published in Phys. Rev. D

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 88, 054023 (2013)

Simultaneous extraction of transversity and Collins functions from new SIDIS and e+e- data

Authors: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D'Alesio, S. Melis, F. Murgia, A. Prokudin

Abstract: We present a global re-analysis of the most recent experimental data on azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, from the HERMES and COMPASS Collaborations, and in e+e- --> h_1 h_2 X processes, from the Belle Collaboration. The transversity and the Collins functions are extracted simultaneously, in the framework of a revised analysis in which a new parameterisation of the… ▽ More We present a global re-analysis of the most recent experimental data on azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, from the HERMES and COMPASS Collaborations, and in e+e- --> h_1 h_2 X processes, from the Belle Collaboration. The transversity and the Collins functions are extracted simultaneously, in the framework of a revised analysis in which a new parameterisation of the Collins functions is also tested. △ Less

Submitted 15 March, 2013; originally announced March 2013.

Comments: 15 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables

On the potential role of the Collins effect in A_N in pp --> pion X

Authors: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D'Alesio, E. Leader, S. Melis, F. Murgia, A. Prokudin

Abstract: Transverse single spin asymmetries in pp --> pion X processes, while on a quite firm ground experimentally, are still a much debated phenomenological issue. We consider them in a transverse momentum dependent factorization scheme. After revisiting a previous result, we give new estimates of the Collins contribution by adopting the latest information on the Collins and transversity functions, as ex… ▽ More Transverse single spin asymmetries in pp --> pion X processes, while on a quite firm ground experimentally, are still a much debated phenomenological issue. We consider them in a transverse momentum dependent factorization scheme. After revisiting a previous result, we give new estimates of the Collins contribution by adopting the latest information on the Collins and transversity functions, as extracted from SIDIS and e+e- data. △ Less

Submitted 13 March, 2013; originally announced March 2013.

Comments: 4 pages, 4 figures, uses cimento.cls. Talk delivered by U. D'Alesio at the "3rd Workshop on the QCD Structure of the Nucleon" (QCD-N'12), Oct. 22-26, 2012, Bilbao, Spain. Submitted to "Il Nuovo Cimento C"

Phenomenology of Sivers Effect with TMD Evolution

Authors: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, S. Melis

Abstract: Following the TMD evolution scheme recently proposed for the unpolarized and the Sivers distribution function, we propose a simple strategy to take into account this TMD Q^2 dependence in our phenomenological extraction of the Sivers function from SIDIS data. New results are presented and possible future applications are discussed. Following the TMD evolution scheme recently proposed for the unpolarized and the Sivers distribution function, we propose a simple strategy to take into account this TMD Q^2 dependence in our phenomenological extraction of the Sivers function from SIDIS data. New results are presented and possible future applications are discussed. △ Less

Submitted 10 September, 2012; v1 submitted 7 September, 2012; originally announced September 2012.

Comments: Contribution to the Proceedings of the XX International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and related subjects (DIS2012), 26-30 March 2012, Bonn, Germany. One figure corrected

On the role of Collins effect in the single spin asymmetry A_N in p(transv. polarized) p --> h X processes

Authors: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D'Alesio, E. Leader, S. Melis, F. Murgia, A. Prokudin

Abstract: The much debated issue of the transverse single spin asymmetry A_N observed in the inclusive large P_T production of a single hadron in pp interactions, p(transv. polarized) p --> pion X, is considered in a TMD factorization scheme. A previous result [1,2] stating that the maximum contribution of the Collins effect is strongly suppressed, is revisited, correcting a numerical error. New estimates a… ▽ More The much debated issue of the transverse single spin asymmetry A_N observed in the inclusive large P_T production of a single hadron in pp interactions, p(transv. polarized) p --> pion X, is considered in a TMD factorization scheme. A previous result [1,2] stating that the maximum contribution of the Collins effect is strongly suppressed, is revisited, correcting a numerical error. New estimates are given, adopting the Collins functions recently extracted from SIDIS and e+e- data, and phenomenological consequences are discussed. △ Less

Submitted 27 July, 2012; originally announced July 2012.

Comments: RevTeX4, 11 pages, 6 eps figures

A strategy towards the extraction of the Sivers function with TMD evolution

Authors: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, S. Melis

Abstract: The QCD evolution of the unpolarized Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) distribution functions and of the Sivers functions have been discussed in recent papers. Following such results we reconsider previous extractions of the Sivers functions from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data and propose a simple strategy which allows to take into account the Q^2 dependence of the TMDs in compari… ▽ More The QCD evolution of the unpolarized Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) distribution functions and of the Sivers functions have been discussed in recent papers. Following such results we reconsider previous extractions of the Sivers functions from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data and propose a simple strategy which allows to take into account the Q^2 dependence of the TMDs in comparison with experimental findings. A clear evidence of the phenomenological success of the TMD evolution equations is given, mostly, by the newest COMPASS data off a transversely polarized proton target. △ Less

Submitted 5 April, 2012; originally announced April 2012.

Comments: 15 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

Transverse Momentum Dependent Partonic Distribution and Fragmentation Functions

Authors: M. Boglione

Abstract: Our knowledge on the three-dimensional momentum structure of hadrons is encoded in the Transverse Momentum Dependent partonic distribution and fragmentation functions (TMDs). A brief and updated review of the TMDs and of the processes in which they might play a role is presented. Our knowledge on the three-dimensional momentum structure of hadrons is encoded in the Transverse Momentum Dependent partonic distribution and fragmentation functions (TMDs). A brief and updated review of the TMDs and of the processes in which they might play a role is presented. △ Less

Submitted 7 September, 2011; originally announced September 2011.

Comments: 5 pages, two figures. To appear in the Proceedings of the 19th Particles & Nuclei International Conference (PANIC 2011), July 24th--29th, 2011, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

Sivers distribution functions and the latest SIDIS data

Authors: M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D'Alesio, S. Melis, F. Murgia, A. Prokudin

Abstract: We present an extraction of the Sivers distribution functions from the most recent experimental data of the HERMES and COMPASS experiments, assuming a negligible contribution of sea quark Sivers functions. We present an extraction of the Sivers distribution functions from the most recent experimental data of the HERMES and COMPASS experiments, assuming a negligible contribution of sea quark Sivers functions. △ Less

Submitted 18 November, 2011; v1 submitted 22 July, 2011; originally announced July 2011.

Comments: To appear in the Proceedings of the XIX International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects (DIS 2011), April 11-15, 2011, Newport News, VA USA. Typo corrected in Table I

Partonic Transverse Motion in Unpolarized Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering

Authors: M. Boglione, S. Melis, A. Prokudin

Abstract: We analyse the role of partonic transverse motion in unpolarized Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) processes. Imposing appropriate kinematical conditions, we find some constraints which fix an upper limit to the range of allowed kt values and lead to interesting results, particularly for some observables like the <cos phi_h> azimuthal modulation of the unpolarized SIDIS cross sectio… ▽ More We analyse the role of partonic transverse motion in unpolarized Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) processes. Imposing appropriate kinematical conditions, we find some constraints which fix an upper limit to the range of allowed kt values and lead to interesting results, particularly for some observables like the <cos phi_h> azimuthal modulation of the unpolarized SIDIS cross section and the average transverse momentum of the final, detected hadron. △ Less

Submitted 22 July, 2011; originally announced July 2011.

Comments: To appear in the Proceedings of the XIX International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects (DIS 2011), April 11-15, 2011, Newport News, VA USA