Performance evaluation of electron multiplier tubes as a high-intensity muon beam monitor of accelerator neutrino experiments
Authors:
Takashi Honjo,
Yosuke Ashida,
Oderich F. Auersperg-Castell,
Megan Friend,
Ian Heitkamp,
Atsuko K. Ichikawa,
Masaki Ishitsuka,
Nao Izumi,
Sohei Kasama,
Shigeru Kashiwagi,
Yuma Kawamura,
Tatsuya Kikawa,
Takuya Kobata,
Tsunayuki Matsubara,
Manabu Miyabe,
Kiseki D. Nakamura,
Hina Nakamura,
Yukine Sato,
Ken Sakashita,
Yoshihiro Seiya,
Kouchi Takifuji,
Atsushi Tokiyasu,
Tatsuya Yamamoto,
Kazuhiro Yamamoto,
Kenji Yasutome
Abstract:
Upgrade work towards increasing the beam intensity of the neutrino beamline at J- PARC is underway. Monitoring tertiary muon beams is essential for stable operation of the beamline. Accordingly, we plan to replace the present muon monitor sensors with electron multiplier tubes (EMTs). We investigated the radiation tolerance and linearity response of EMTs using a 90 MeV electron beam. An EMTs was i…
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Upgrade work towards increasing the beam intensity of the neutrino beamline at J- PARC is underway. Monitoring tertiary muon beams is essential for stable operation of the beamline. Accordingly, we plan to replace the present muon monitor sensors with electron multiplier tubes (EMTs). We investigated the radiation tolerance and linearity response of EMTs using a 90 MeV electron beam. An EMTs was irradiated with electrons up to 470 nC. EMTs show higher radiation tolerance than the Si sensors which are presently used as one of the muon monitor detectors for the T2K long-baseline neutrino experiment at J-PARC. The integrated charge yield decrease is found to be less than 8% after a beam irradiation equivalent to 132 days of operation at the future J-PARC beam power of 1.3 MW. The EMTs show linearity better than $\pm$5% up to the future beam intensity. The observed yield decrease is likely due to dynode deterioration based on the detailed investigation. The studies described here confirm that EMTs can be used as a high-intensity muon beam monitor. From the reported results, we are proceeding with the installation in the J-PARC neutrino beamline.
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Submitted 16 January, 2025; v1 submitted 9 May, 2024;
originally announced May 2024.
Scintillator ageing of the T2K near detectors from 2010 to 2021
Authors:
The T2K Collaboration,
K. Abe,
N. Akhlaq,
R. Akutsu,
A. Ali,
C. Alt,
C. Andreopoulos,
M. Antonova,
S. Aoki,
T. Arihara,
Y. Asada,
Y. Ashida,
E. T. Atkin,
S. Ban,
M. Barbi,
G. J. Barker,
G. Barr,
D. Barrow,
M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak,
F. Bench,
V. Berardi,
L. Berns,
S. Bhadra,
A. Blanchet,
A. Blondel
, et al. (333 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The T2K experiment widely uses plastic scintillator as a target for neutrino interactions and an active medium for the measurement of charged particles produced in neutrino interactions at its near detector complex. Over 10 years of operation the measured light yield recorded by the scintillator based subsystems has been observed to degrade by 0.9--2.2\% per year. Extrapolation of the degradation…
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The T2K experiment widely uses plastic scintillator as a target for neutrino interactions and an active medium for the measurement of charged particles produced in neutrino interactions at its near detector complex. Over 10 years of operation the measured light yield recorded by the scintillator based subsystems has been observed to degrade by 0.9--2.2\% per year. Extrapolation of the degradation rate through to 2040 indicates the recorded light yield should remain above the lower threshold used by the current reconstruction algorithms for all subsystems. This will allow the near detectors to continue contributing to important physics measurements during the T2K-II and Hyper-Kamiokande eras. Additionally, work to disentangle the degradation of the plastic scintillator and wavelength shifting fibres shows that the reduction in light yield can be attributed to the ageing of the plastic scintillator.
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Submitted 26 July, 2022;
originally announced July 2022.