Showing 1–15 of 15 results for author: Chabab, M

Deep Learning Framework for Enhanced Neutrino Reconstruction of Single-line Events in the ANTARES Telescope

Authors: A. Albert, S. Alves, M. André, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, J. -J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa, Y. Becherini, B. Belhorma, F. Benfenati, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M. C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzaş, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, D. Calvo, S. Campion, A. Capone , et al. (115 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We present the $N$-fit algorithm designed to improve the reconstruction of neutrino events detected by a single line of the ANTARES underwater telescope, usually associated with low energy neutrino events ($\sim$ 100 GeV). $N$-Fit is a neural network model that relies on deep learning and combines several advanced techniques in machine learning --deep convolutional layers, mixture density output l… ▽ More We present the $N$-fit algorithm designed to improve the reconstruction of neutrino events detected by a single line of the ANTARES underwater telescope, usually associated with low energy neutrino events ($\sim$ 100 GeV). $N$-Fit is a neural network model that relies on deep learning and combines several advanced techniques in machine learning --deep convolutional layers, mixture density output layers, and transfer learning. This framework divides the reconstruction process into two dedicated branches for each neutrino event topology --tracks and showers-- composed of sub-models for spatial estimation --direction and position-- and energy inference, which later on are combined for event classification. Regarding the direction of single-line events, the $N$-Fit algorithm significantly refines the estimation of the zenithal angle, and delivers reliable azimuthal angle predictions that were previously unattainable with traditional $χ^2$-fit methods. Improving on energy estimation of single-line events is a tall order; $N$-Fit benefits from transfer learning to efficiently integrate key characteristics, such as the estimation of the closest distance from the event to the detector. $N$-Fit also takes advantage from transfer learning in event topology classification by freezing convolutional layers of the pretrained branches. Tests on Monte Carlo simulations and data demonstrate a significant reduction in mean and median absolute errors across all reconstructed parameters. The improvements achieved by $N$-Fit highlight its potential for advancing multimessenger astrophysics and enhancing our ability to probe fundamental physics beyond the Standard Model using single-line events from ANTARES data. △ Less

Submitted 20 November, 2025; originally announced November 2025.

gSeaGen code by KM3NeT: an efficient tool to propagate muons simulated with CORSIKA

Authors: S. Aiello, A. Albert, A. R. Alhebsi, M. Alshamsi, S. Alves Garre, A. Ambrosone, F. Ameli, M. Andre, L. Aphecetche, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, H. Atmani, J. Aublin, F. Badaracco, L. Bailly-Salins, Z. Bardačová, B. Baret, A. Bariego-Quintana, Y. Becherini, M. Bendahman, F. Benfenati, M. Benhassi, M. Bennani, D. M. Benoit, E. Berbee , et al. (238 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The KM3NeT Collaboration has tackled a common challenge faced by the astroparticle physics community, namely adapting the experiment-specific simulation software to work with the CORSIKA air shower simulation output. The proposed solution is an extension of the open source code gSeaGen, which allows the transport of muons generated by CORSIKA to a detector of any size at an arbitrary depth. The gS… ▽ More The KM3NeT Collaboration has tackled a common challenge faced by the astroparticle physics community, namely adapting the experiment-specific simulation software to work with the CORSIKA air shower simulation output. The proposed solution is an extension of the open source code gSeaGen, which allows the transport of muons generated by CORSIKA to a detector of any size at an arbitrary depth. The gSeaGen code was not only extended in terms of functionality but also underwent a thorough redesign of the muon propagation routine, resulting in a more accurate and efficient simulation. This paper presents the capabilities of the new gSeaGen code as well as prospects for further developments. △ Less

Submitted 29 April, 2025; v1 submitted 31 October, 2024; originally announced October 2024.

Comments: 31 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in Computer Physics Communications

Journal ref: Computer Physics Communications Volume 314, September 2025, 109660

Activity Report on the Eighth African School of Fundamental Physics and Applications (ASP2024)

Authors: Kétévi A. Assamagan, Mounia Laassiri, Bobby Acharya, Christine Darve, Fernando Ferroni, Mohamed Chabab, Farida Fassi, Kenneth Cecire, Julia Ann Gray

Abstract: The African School of Fundamental Physics and Applications, also known as the African School of Physics (ASP), was initiated in 2010, as a three-week biennial event, to offer additional training in fundamental and applied physics to African students with a minimum of three-year university education. Since its inception, ASP has grown to be much more than a school. ASP has become a series of activi… ▽ More The African School of Fundamental Physics and Applications, also known as the African School of Physics (ASP), was initiated in 2010, as a three-week biennial event, to offer additional training in fundamental and applied physics to African students with a minimum of three-year university education. Since its inception, ASP has grown to be much more than a school. ASP has become a series of activities and events to support academic development of African students, teachers and faculties. We report on the eighth African School of Physics, ASP2024, organized in Morocco, on April 15--19 and July 7--21, 2024. ASP2024 included programs for university students, high school teachers and high school pupils. △ Less

Submitted 30 September, 2024; originally announced October 2024.

Comments: 23 pages, 24 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2302.13940

Summary Report on the 2024 African School of Physics Program for Learners

Authors: Kétévi A. Assamagan, Abdelkarim Boskri, Kenneth Cecire, Mohamed Chabab, Christine Darve, Farida Fassi, Mounia Laassiri, Sanae Samsam, Janna Vischer

Abstract: On April 15-19, 2024, as a part of the eighth African School of Physics, ASP2024, we organized a program for learners from selected high schools in the vicinity of Marrakesh, Morocco. In this event, within a week, we reached out to over a thousand high school students, aka learners, from many high schools in the region of Marrakesh. We present a summary report on these outreach activities. On April 15-19, 2024, as a part of the eighth African School of Physics, ASP2024, we organized a program for learners from selected high schools in the vicinity of Marrakesh, Morocco. In this event, within a week, we reached out to over a thousand high school students, aka learners, from many high schools in the region of Marrakesh. We present a summary report on these outreach activities. △ Less

Submitted 30 July, 2024; originally announced August 2024.

Comments: 15 pages

Acoustic Positioning for Deep Sea Neutrino Telescopes with a System of Piezo Sensors Integrated into Glass Spheres

Authors: A. Albert, S. Alves, M. André, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, J. -J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa, Y. Becherini, B. Belhorma, M. Bendahman, F. Benfenati, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M. C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzaş, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, D. Calvo, S. Campion , et al. (115 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Position calibration in the deep sea is typically done by means of acoustic multilateration using three or more acoustic emitters installed at known positions. Rather than using hydrophones as receivers that are exposed to the ambient pressure, the sound signals can be coupled to piezo ceramics glued to the inside of existing containers for electronics or measuring instruments of a deep sea infras… ▽ More Position calibration in the deep sea is typically done by means of acoustic multilateration using three or more acoustic emitters installed at known positions. Rather than using hydrophones as receivers that are exposed to the ambient pressure, the sound signals can be coupled to piezo ceramics glued to the inside of existing containers for electronics or measuring instruments of a deep sea infrastructure. The ANTARES neutrino telescope operated from 2006 until 2022 in the Mediterranean Sea at a depth exceeding 2000m. It comprised nearly 900 glass spheres with 432mm diameter and 15mm thickness, equipped with photomultiplier tubes to detect Cherenkov light from tracks of charged elementary particles. In an experimental setup within ANTARES, piezo sensors have been glued to the inside of such - otherwise empty - glass spheres. These sensors recorded signals from acoustic emitters with frequencies from 46545 to 60235Hz. Two waves propagating through the glass sphere are found as a result of the excitation by the waves in the water. These can be qualitatively associated with symmetric and asymmetric Lamb-like waves of zeroth order: a fast (early) one with $v_e \approx 5$mm/$μ$s and a slow (late) one with $v_\ell \approx 2$mm/$μ$s. Taking these findings into account improves the accuracy of the position calibration. The results can be transferred to the KM3NeT neutrino telescope, currently under construction at multiple sites in the Mediterranean Sea, for which the concept of piezo sensors glued to the inside of glass spheres has been adapted for monitoring the positions of the photomultiplier tubes. △ Less

Submitted 7 January, 2025; v1 submitted 12 May, 2024; originally announced May 2024.

Comments: Published by "Experimental Astronomy"

Journal ref: Exp Astron 59, 6 (2025)

The Power Board of the KM3NeT Digital Optical Module: design, upgrade, and production

Authors: S. Aiello, A. Albert, S. Alves Garre, Z. Aly, A. Ambrosone, F. Ameli, M. Andre, E. Androutsou, M. Anguita, L. Aphecetche, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, H. Atmani, J. Aublin, F. Badaracco, L. Bailly-Salins, Z. Bardacova, B. Baret, A. Bariego Quintana, S. Basegmez du Pree, Y. Becherini, M. Bendahman, F. Benfenati, M. Benhassi, D. M. Benoit , et al. (259 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The KM3NeT Collaboration is building an underwater neutrino observatory at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea consisting of two neutrino telescopes, both composed of a three-dimensional array of light detectors, known as digital optical modules. Each digital optical module contains a set of 31 three inch photomultiplier tubes distributed over the surface of a 0.44 m diameter pressure-resistant gl… ▽ More The KM3NeT Collaboration is building an underwater neutrino observatory at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea consisting of two neutrino telescopes, both composed of a three-dimensional array of light detectors, known as digital optical modules. Each digital optical module contains a set of 31 three inch photomultiplier tubes distributed over the surface of a 0.44 m diameter pressure-resistant glass sphere. The module includes also calibration instruments and electronics for power, readout and data acquisition. The power board was developed to supply power to all the elements of the digital optical module. The design of the power board began in 2013, and several prototypes were produced and tested. After an exhaustive validation process in various laboratories within the KM3NeT Collaboration, a mass production batch began, resulting in the construction of over 1200 power boards so far. These boards were integrated in the digital optical modules that have already been produced and deployed, 828 until October 2023. In 2017, an upgrade of the power board, to increase reliability and efficiency, was initiated. After the validation of a pre-production series, a production batch of 800 upgraded boards is currently underway. This paper describes the design, architecture, upgrade, validation, and production of the power board, including the reliability studies and tests conducted to ensure the safe operation at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea throughout the observatory's lifespan △ Less

Submitted 24 November, 2023; originally announced November 2023.

High Energy Physics activities in Africa: An overview

Authors: Yasmine Amhis, Mohamed Chabab, Zinhle Buthelzi

Abstract: This document summarizes our best knowledge of the ongoing High Energy Physics activities in Africa. The information was primarily extracted from the first ASFAP Particle Physics day organised on November 2021 and on our working group talk presented at ACP 2021 conference on March 2022. This document summarizes our best knowledge of the ongoing High Energy Physics activities in Africa. The information was primarily extracted from the first ASFAP Particle Physics day organised on November 2021 and on our working group talk presented at ACP 2021 conference on March 2022. △ Less

Submitted 17 June, 2022; originally announced June 2022.

Comments: 6 pages, 3 figures, Submitted to the Proceedings of the African Conference on Fundamental and Applied Physics Second Edition, ACP2021, March 7-11, 2022 - Virtual Event

Activity Report of the Second African Conference on Fundamental and Applied Physics, ACP2021

Authors: Kétévi A. Assamagan, Obinna Abah, Amare Abebe, Stephen Avery, Diallo Boye, Arame Boye-Faye, Kenneth Cecire, Mohamed Chabab, Samuel Chigome, Simon Connell, Marie Chantal Cyulinyana, Mark Macrae Dalton, Christine Darve, Lalla Btissam Drissi, Farida Fassi, Ulrich Goelach, Mohamed Gouighri, Paul Gueye, Sonia Haddad, Bjorn von der Heyden, Oumar Ka, Gihan Kamel, Stéphane Kenmoe, Diouma Kobor, Tjaart Krüger , et al. (16 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The African School of Fundamental Physics and Applications, also known as the African School of Physics (ASP), was initiated in 2010, as a three-week biennial event, to offer additional training in fundamental and applied physics to African students with a minimum of three-year university education. Since its inception, ASP has grown to be much more than a school. ASP has become a series of activi… ▽ More The African School of Fundamental Physics and Applications, also known as the African School of Physics (ASP), was initiated in 2010, as a three-week biennial event, to offer additional training in fundamental and applied physics to African students with a minimum of three-year university education. Since its inception, ASP has grown to be much more than a school. ASP has become a series of activities and events with directed ethos towards physics as an engine for development in Africa. One such activity of ASP is the African Conference on Fundamental and Applied Physics (ACP). The first edition of ACP took place during the 2018 edition of ASP at the University of Namibia in Windhoek. In this paper, we report on the second edition of ACP, organized on March 7--11, 2022, as a virtual event. △ Less

Submitted 6 April, 2022; v1 submitted 4 April, 2022; originally announced April 2022.

Comments: 12 pages

Nanobeacon: A time calibration device for the KM3NeT neutrino telescope

Authors: S. Aiello, A. Albert, M. Alshamsi, S. Alves Garre, Z. Aly, A. Ambrosone, F. Ameli, M. Andre, G. Androulakis, M. Anghinolfi, M. Anguita, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, J. Aublin, C. Bagatelas, B. Baret, S. Basegmez du Pree, M. Bendahman, F. Benfenati, E. Berbee, A. M. van den Berg, V. Bertine, S. Biagi, M. Boettcher, M. Bou Cabo , et al. (216 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The KM3NeT Collaboration is currently constructing a multi-site high-energy neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea consisting of matrices of pressure-resistant glass spheres, each holding a set of 31 small-area photomultipliers. The main goals of the telescope are the observation of neutrino sources in the Universe and the measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters with atmospheric ne… ▽ More The KM3NeT Collaboration is currently constructing a multi-site high-energy neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea consisting of matrices of pressure-resistant glass spheres, each holding a set of 31 small-area photomultipliers. The main goals of the telescope are the observation of neutrino sources in the Universe and the measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters with atmospheric neutrinos. Both extraterrestrial and atmospheric neutrinos are detected through the Cherenkov light induced in seawater by charged particles produced in neutrino interactions in the surrounding medium. A relative time synchronization between photomultipliers of the order of 1 ns is needed to guarantee the required angular resolution of the detector. Due to the large detector volumes to be instrumented by KM3NeT, a cost reduction of the different systems is a priority. To this end, the inexpensive Nanobeacon has been designed and developed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to be used for detector time-calibration studies. At present, more than 600 Nanobeacons have been already produced. The characterization of the optical pulse and the wavelength emission profile of the devices are critical for the time calibration. In this paper, the main features of the Nanobeacon design, production and operation, together with the main properties of the light pulse generated are described. △ Less

Submitted 30 October, 2021; originally announced November 2021.

The African School of Fundamental Physics and Applications Activity Report 2019-2021

Authors: Kétévi A. Assamagan, Bobby Acharya, Temitope Adenuga, Mohamed Chabab, Kenneth Cecire, Simon H. Connell, Anne E. Dabrowski, Christine Darve, Farida Fassi, Jonathan R. Ellis, Fernando Ferroni, Mounia Laassiri, Steve G. Muanza

Abstract: The sixth edition of the African School of Fundamental and Applied Physics (ASP) was planned for Morocco in July 2020 and was referred to as ASP2020. Preparations were at an advanced stage when ASP2020 was postponed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The three-week event was restructured into two activities in 2021 -- an online event on July 19-30, 2021 and a hybrid event on December 12-18, 2021 --… ▽ More The sixth edition of the African School of Fundamental and Applied Physics (ASP) was planned for Morocco in July 2020 and was referred to as ASP2020. Preparations were at an advanced stage when ASP2020 was postponed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The three-week event was restructured into two activities in 2021 -- an online event on July 19-30, 2021 and a hybrid event on December 12-18, 2021 -- and was renamed ASP2021. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, an online lecture series was integrated into the ASP activities. The ASP mentorship program, which consists of online engagements between lecturers and assigned mentees, continued in this way. ASP alumni studied one year of COVID-19 data of ten African countries to offer insights into pandemic containment measures. In this note, we report on ASP activities since the last in-person edition of ASP in 2018 in Namibia. △ Less

Submitted 29 September, 2021; v1 submitted 1 September, 2021; originally announced September 2021.

Comments: 15 pages, 9 figures and 1 table

Studying Bioluminescence Flashes with the ANTARES Deep Sea Neutrino Telescope

Authors: N. Reeb, S. Hutschenreuter, P. Zehetner, T. Ensslin, S. Alves, M. André, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, M. Ardid, J. -J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa, B. Belhorma, M. Bendahman, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M. C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzaş, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto , et al. (119 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We develop a novel technique to exploit the extensive data sets provided by underwater neutrino telescopes to gain information on bioluminescence in the deep sea. The passive nature of the telescopes gives us the unique opportunity to infer information on bioluminescent organisms without actively interfering with them. We propose a statistical method that allows us to reconstruct the light emissio… ▽ More We develop a novel technique to exploit the extensive data sets provided by underwater neutrino telescopes to gain information on bioluminescence in the deep sea. The passive nature of the telescopes gives us the unique opportunity to infer information on bioluminescent organisms without actively interfering with them. We propose a statistical method that allows us to reconstruct the light emission of individual organisms, as well as their location and movement. A mathematical model is built to describe the measurement process of underwater neutrino telescopes and the signal generation of the biological organisms. The Metric Gaussian Variational Inference algorithm is used to reconstruct the model parameters using photon counts recorded by the neutrino detectors. We apply this method to synthetic data sets and data collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope. The telescope is located 40 km off the French coast and fixed to the sea floor at a depth of 2475 m. The runs with synthetic data reveal that we can reliably model the emitted bioluminescent flashes of the organisms. Furthermore, we find that the spatial resolution of the localization of light sources highly depends on the configuration of the telescope. Precise measurements of the efficiencies of the detectors and the attenuation length of the water are crucial to reconstruct the light emission. Finally, the application to ANTARES data reveals the first precise localizations of bioluminescent organisms using neutrino telescope data. △ Less

Submitted 16 July, 2021; originally announced July 2021.

Event reconstruction for KM3NeT/ORCA using convolutional neural networks

Authors: Sebastiano Aiello, Arnauld Albert, Sergio Alves Garre, Zineb Aly, Fabrizio Ameli, Michel Andre, Giorgos Androulakis, Marco Anghinolfi, Mancia Anguita, Gisela Anton, Miquel Ardid, Julien Aublin, Christos Bagatelas, Giancarlo Barbarino, Bruny Baret, Suzan Basegmez du Pree, Meriem Bendahman, Edward Berbee, Vincent Bertin, Simone Biagi, Andrea Biagioni, Matthias Bissinger, Markus Boettcher, Jihad Boumaaza, Mohammed Bouta , et al. (207 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The KM3NeT research infrastructure is currently under construction at two locations in the Mediterranean Sea. The KM3NeT/ORCA water-Cherenkov neutrino detector off the French coast will instrument several megatons of seawater with photosensors. Its main objective is the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. This work aims at demonstrating the general applicability of deep convolutional neur… ▽ More The KM3NeT research infrastructure is currently under construction at two locations in the Mediterranean Sea. The KM3NeT/ORCA water-Cherenkov neutrino detector off the French coast will instrument several megatons of seawater with photosensors. Its main objective is the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. This work aims at demonstrating the general applicability of deep convolutional neural networks to neutrino telescopes, using simulated datasets for the KM3NeT/ORCA detector as an example. To this end, the networks are employed to achieve reconstruction and classification tasks that constitute an alternative to the analysis pipeline presented for KM3NeT/ORCA in the KM3NeT Letter of Intent. They are used to infer event reconstruction estimates for the energy, the direction, and the interaction point of incident neutrinos. The spatial distribution of Cherenkov light generated by charged particles induced in neutrino interactions is classified as shower- or track-like, and the main background processes associated with the detection of atmospheric neutrinos are recognized. Performance comparisons to machine-learning classification and maximum-likelihood reconstruction algorithms previously developed for KM3NeT/ORCA are provided. It is shown that this application of deep convolutional neural networks to simulated datasets for a large-volume neutrino telescope yields competitive reconstruction results and performance improvements with respect to classical approaches. △ Less

Submitted 17 April, 2020; originally announced April 2020.

Journal ref: JINST 15 P10005 (2020)

Dependence of atmospheric muon flux on seawater depth measured with the first KM3NeT detection units

Authors: KM3NeT Collaboration, M. Ageron, S. Aiello, F. Ameli, M. Andre, G. Androulakis, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, M. Ardid, J. Aublin, C. Bagatelas, G. Barbarino, B. Baret, S. Basegmez du Pree, A. Belias, E. Berbee, A. M. van den Berg, V. Bertin, V. van Beveren, S. Biagi, A. Biagioni, S. Bianucci, M. Billault, M. Bissinger, R. de Boer , et al. (240 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: KM3NeT is a research infrastructure located in the Mediterranean Sea, that will consist of two deep-sea Cherenkov neutrino detectors. With one detector (ARCA), the KM3NeT Collaboration aims at identifying and studying TeV-PeV astrophysical neutrino sources. With the other detector (ORCA), the neutrino mass ordering will be determined by studying GeV-scale atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The fir… ▽ More KM3NeT is a research infrastructure located in the Mediterranean Sea, that will consist of two deep-sea Cherenkov neutrino detectors. With one detector (ARCA), the KM3NeT Collaboration aims at identifying and studying TeV-PeV astrophysical neutrino sources. With the other detector (ORCA), the neutrino mass ordering will be determined by studying GeV-scale atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The first KM3NeT detection units were deployed at the Italian and French sites between 2015 and 2017. In this paper, a description of the detector is presented, together with a summary of the procedures used to calibrate the detector in-situ. Finally, the measurement of the atmospheric muon flux between 2232-3386 m seawater depth is obtained. △ Less

Submitted 4 February, 2020; v1 submitted 6 June, 2019; originally announced June 2019.

Comments: 15 pages, 9 figures

Journal ref: Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 99 (2020)

Letter of Interest for a Neutrino Beam from Protvino to KM3NeT/ORCA

Authors: A. V. Akindinov, E. G. Anassontzis, G. Anton, M. Ardid, J. Aublin, B. Baret, V. Bertin, S. Bourret, C. Bozza, M. Bruchner, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, M. Chabab, N. Chau, A. S. Chepurnov, M. Colomer Molla, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, G. de Wasseige, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, T. Eberl, A. Enzenhöfer, M. Faifman, M. D. Filipović , et al. (66 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Protvino accelerator facility located in the Moscow region, Russia, is in a good position to offer a rich experimental research program in the field of neutrino physics. Of particular interest is the possibility to direct a neutrino beam from Protvino towards the KM3NeT/ORCA detector, which is currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea 40 km offshore Toulon, France. This proposal is… ▽ More The Protvino accelerator facility located in the Moscow region, Russia, is in a good position to offer a rich experimental research program in the field of neutrino physics. Of particular interest is the possibility to direct a neutrino beam from Protvino towards the KM3NeT/ORCA detector, which is currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea 40 km offshore Toulon, France. This proposal is known as P2O. Thanks to its baseline of 2595 km, this experiment would yield an unparalleled sensitivity to matter effects in the Earth, allowing for the determination of the neutrino mass ordering with a high level of certainty after only a few years of running at a modest beam intensity of $\approx$ 90 kW. With a prolonged exposure ($\approx$ 1500 kW*yr), a 2$σ$ sensitivity to the leptonic CP-violating Dirac phase can be achieved. A second stage of the experiment, comprising a further intensity upgrade of the accelerator complex and a densified version of the ORCA detector (Super-ORCA), would allow for up to a 6$σ$ sensitivity to CP violation and a 10$^\circ$-17$^\circ$ resolution on the CP phase after 10 years of running with a 450 kW beam, competitive with other planned experiments. The initial composition and energy spectrum of the neutrino beam would need to be monitored by a near detector, to be constructed several hundred meters downstream from the proton beam target. The same neutrino beam and near detector set-up would also allow for neutrino-nucleus cross section measurements to be performed. A short-baseline sterile neutrino search experiment would also be possible. △ Less

Submitted 21 August, 2019; v1 submitted 16 February, 2019; originally announced February 2019.

Comments: 27 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables

Journal ref: Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79: 758

On Hawking radiation of 2d Liouville black hole

Authors: M. Chabab, H. El Moumni, M. B. Sedra

Abstract: We adapt the method of complex paths to the study of the radiation of Hawking of Liouville black holes. We adapt the method of complex paths to the study of the radiation of Hawking of Liouville black holes. △ Less

Submitted 10 February, 2012; v1 submitted 14 September, 2011; originally announced September 2011.

Comments: 5 pages, Latex, References updated. arXiv admin note: excessive text overlap with arXiv:1104.4120 and arXiv:hep-th/0210016 (section 2 reproduces Section III of the latter without attribution)