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Beam-test evaluation of pre-production Low Gain Avalanche Detectors for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector
Authors:
A. Aboulhorma,
M. Ait Tamlihat,
H. M. Alfanda,
O. Atanova,
N. Atanov,
I. Azzouzi,
J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa,
T. Beau,
D. Benchekroun,
F. Bendebba,
G. Bergamin,
Y. Bimgdi,
A. Blot,
A. Boikov,
J. Bonis,
D. Boumediene,
C. Brito,
A. S. Brogna,
A. M. Burger,
L. Cadamuro,
Y. Cai,
N. Cartalade,
R. Casanova Mohr,
R. Cherkaoui El Moursli,
Y. Che
, et al. (207 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS experiment as part of the Phase-II upgrade for the High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). It will mitigate pile-up effects in the forward region, and measure per bunch luminosity. The design of HGTD is based on Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) sensors. This paper presents the results of beam-test campaigns conduc…
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The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS experiment as part of the Phase-II upgrade for the High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). It will mitigate pile-up effects in the forward region, and measure per bunch luminosity. The design of HGTD is based on Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) sensors. This paper presents the results of beam-test campaigns conducted at CERN and DESY in 2023 and 2024 on single LGADs from HGTD pre-production test structures, before and after neutron irradiation up to fluences of $2.5 \times 10^{15}~\mathrm{n_{eq}/cm^2}$. The tested LGADs can meet HGTD requirements in terms of charge collection, time resolution, and hit efficiency, even under HL-LHC end-of-life conditions, supporting their deployment in the final detector.
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Submitted 30 January, 2026; v1 submitted 1 December, 2025;
originally announced December 2025.
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Thermal Cycling Reliability of Hybrid Pixel Sensor Modules for The ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector
Authors:
Y. Li,
A. Aboulhorma,
M. Ait Tamlihat,
H. M. Alfanda,
N. Atanov,
O. Atanova,
I. Azzouzi,
J. Barreiro Guimarães Da Costa,
T. Beau,
D. Benchekroun,
F. Bendebba,
Y. Bimgdi,
A. Blot,
A. Boikov,
J. Bonis,
D. Boumediene,
C. Brito,
A. S. Brogna,
A. M. Burger,
L. Cadamuro,
Y. Cai,
N. Cartalade,
R. Casanova Mohr,
Y. Che,
X. Chen
, et al. (203 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The reliability of bump connection structures has become a critical aspect of future silicon detectors for particle physics. The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) for the ATLAS experiment at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider will require 8032 hybrid pixel sensor modules, composed of two Low Gain Avalanche Diode sensors bump-bonded to two readout ASICs and glued to a passive PCB. The…
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The reliability of bump connection structures has become a critical aspect of future silicon detectors for particle physics. The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) for the ATLAS experiment at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider will require 8032 hybrid pixel sensor modules, composed of two Low Gain Avalanche Diode sensors bump-bonded to two readout ASICs and glued to a passive PCB. The detector will operate at low temperature (-30 degrees Celsius) to mitigate the impact of irradiation. The thermomechanical reliability of flip-chip bump connections in HGTD modules is a critical concern, particularly due to their characteristically lower bump density (pixel pitch dimensions of 1.3 mm by 1.3 mm). This paper elaborates on the challenges arising from this design characteristic. Finite element analysis and experimental testing were employed to investigate failure modes in the flip-chip bump structures under thermal cycling from -45 degrees Celsius to 40 degrees Celsius and to guide the module redesign. The optimized design demonstrates significantly enhanced robustness and is projected to fulfill the full lifetime requirements of the HGTD.
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Submitted 17 September, 2025;
originally announced September 2025.
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Activity Report of the Second African Conference on Fundamental and Applied Physics, ACP2021
Authors:
Kétévi A. Assamagan,
Obinna Abah,
Amare Abebe,
Stephen Avery,
Diallo Boye,
Arame Boye-Faye,
Kenneth Cecire,
Mohamed Chabab,
Samuel Chigome,
Simon Connell,
Marie Chantal Cyulinyana,
Mark Macrae Dalton,
Christine Darve,
Lalla Btissam Drissi,
Farida Fassi,
Ulrich Goelach,
Mohamed Gouighri,
Paul Gueye,
Sonia Haddad,
Bjorn von der Heyden,
Oumar Ka,
Gihan Kamel,
Stéphane Kenmoe,
Diouma Kobor,
Tjaart Krüger
, et al. (16 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The African School of Fundamental Physics and Applications, also known as the African School of Physics (ASP), was initiated in 2010, as a three-week biennial event, to offer additional training in fundamental and applied physics to African students with a minimum of three-year university education. Since its inception, ASP has grown to be much more than a school. ASP has become a series of activi…
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The African School of Fundamental Physics and Applications, also known as the African School of Physics (ASP), was initiated in 2010, as a three-week biennial event, to offer additional training in fundamental and applied physics to African students with a minimum of three-year university education. Since its inception, ASP has grown to be much more than a school. ASP has become a series of activities and events with directed ethos towards physics as an engine for development in Africa. One such activity of ASP is the African Conference on Fundamental and Applied Physics (ACP). The first edition of ACP took place during the 2018 edition of ASP at the University of Namibia in Windhoek. In this paper, we report on the second edition of ACP, organized on March 7--11, 2022, as a virtual event.
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Submitted 6 April, 2022; v1 submitted 4 April, 2022;
originally announced April 2022.