Showing 1–50 of 52 results for author: Titov, M

Sustainability Assessment of Future Accelerators

Authors: C. Bloise, E. Cennini, J. Gutleber, W. Kaabi, A. Klumpp, P. Koppenburg, Y. Li, B. List, R. Losito, B. Mandelli, E. A. Nanni, N. Neufeld, T. Schoerner-Sadenius, B. Shepherd, V. Shiltsev, S. Stapnes, M. Titov, L. Ulrici, H. Wakeling

Abstract: The Large Particle Physics Laboratory Directors Group (LDG) established the Working Group (WG) on the Sustainability Assessment of Future Accelerators in 2024 with the mandate to develop guidelines and a list of key parameters for the assessment of the sustainability of future accelerators in particle physics. While focused on accelerator projects, much of the work will also be relevant to other p… ▽ More The Large Particle Physics Laboratory Directors Group (LDG) established the Working Group (WG) on the Sustainability Assessment of Future Accelerators in 2024 with the mandate to develop guidelines and a list of key parameters for the assessment of the sustainability of future accelerators in particle physics. While focused on accelerator projects, much of the work will also be relevant to other present and upcoming research infrastructures. The development and continuous update of such a framework aim to enable a coherent communication amongst scientists and adequately convey the information to a broader set of stakeholders. This document outlines the key findings and recommendations of the LDG Sustainability WG and provides a summary of current best practices aimed at enabling sustainable accelerator-based research infrastructures. Not all sustainability topics are addressed at the same level. The assessment process is complex, largely under development and a homogeneous evaluation of all the aspects requires a strategy to be developed and implemented over time. △ Less

Submitted 3 March, 2026; v1 submitted 15 September, 2025; originally announced September 2025.

The ILD Detector: A Versatile Detector for an Electron-Positron Collider at Energies up to 1 TeV

Authors: H. Abramowicz, D. Ahmadi, J. Alcaraz, O. Alonso, L. Andricek, J. Anguiano, O. Arquero, F. Arteche, D. Attie, O. Bach, M. Basso, J. Baudot, A. Bean, T. Behnke, A. Bellerive, Y. Benhammou, M. Berggren, G. Bertolone, M. Besancon, A. Besson, O. Bezshyyko, G. Blazey, B. Bliewert, J. Bonis, R. Bosley , et al. (254 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The International Large Detector, ILD, is a detector concept for an experiment at a future high energy lepton collider. The detector has been optimised for precision physics in a range of energies from 90~GeV to about 1~TeV. ILD features a high precision, large volume combined silicon and gaseous tracking system, together with a high granularity calorimeter, all inside a central solenoidal magneti… ▽ More The International Large Detector, ILD, is a detector concept for an experiment at a future high energy lepton collider. The detector has been optimised for precision physics in a range of energies from 90~GeV to about 1~TeV. ILD features a high precision, large volume combined silicon and gaseous tracking system, together with a high granularity calorimeter, all inside a central solenoidal magnetic field. The paradigm of particle flow has been the guiding principle of the design of ILD. ILD is based mostly on technologies which have been demonstrated by extensive research and test programs. The ILD concept is proposed both for linear and circular lepton collider, be it at CERN or elsewhere. The concept has been developed by a group of nearly 60 institutes from around the world, and offers a well developed and powerful environment for science and technology studies at lepton colliders. In this document, the required performance of the detector, the proposed implementation and the readiness of the different technologies needed for the implementation are discussed. △ Less

Submitted 6 June, 2025; originally announced June 2025.

Comments: Submitted to the EPSSU2024

The CMS Barrel Timing Layer: test beam confirmation of module timing performance

Authors: F. Addesa, P. Akrap, A. Albert, B. Allmond, T. Anderson, J. Babbar, D. Baranyai, P. Barria, C. Basile, A. Benaglia, A. Benato, M. Benettoni, M. Besancon, N. Bez, S. Bhattacharya, R. Bianco, D. Blend, A. Boletti, A. Bornheim, R. Bugalho, A. Bulla, B. Cardwell, R. Carlin, M. Casarsa, F. Cetorelli , et al. (105 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: First of its kind, the barrel section of the MIP Timing Detector is a large area timing detector based on LYSO:Ce crystals and SiPMs which are required to operate in an unprecedentedly harsh radiation environment (up to an integrated fluence of $2\times10^{14}$ 1 MeV $n_{eq}/cm^2$). It is designed as a key element of the upgrade of the existing CMS detector to provide a time resolution for minimum… ▽ More First of its kind, the barrel section of the MIP Timing Detector is a large area timing detector based on LYSO:Ce crystals and SiPMs which are required to operate in an unprecedentedly harsh radiation environment (up to an integrated fluence of $2\times10^{14}$ 1 MeV $n_{eq}/cm^2$). It is designed as a key element of the upgrade of the existing CMS detector to provide a time resolution for minimum ionizing particles in the range between 30-60 ps throughout the entire operation at the High Luminosity LHC. A thorough optimization of its components has led to the final detector module layout which exploits 25 $\rm μm$ cell size SiPMs and 3.75 mm thick crystals. This design achieved the target performance in a series of test beam campaigns. In this paper we present test beam results which demonstrate the desired performance of detector modules in terms of radiation tolerance, time resolution and response uniformity. △ Less

Submitted 15 April, 2025; originally announced April 2025.

Report number: issn: 0168-9002

Journal ref: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators,2595 Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 1081 (2026

The Linear Collider Facility (LCF) at CERN

Authors: H. Abramowicz, E. Adli, F. Alharthi, M. Almanza-Soto, M. M. Altakach, S. Ampudia Castelazo, D. Angal-Kalinin, J. A. Anguiano, R. B. Appleby, O. Apsimon, A. Arbey, O. Arquero, D. Attié, J. L. Avila-Jimenez, H. Baer, Y. Bai, C. Balazs, P. Bambade, T. Barklow, J. Baudot, P. Bechtle, T. Behnke, A. B. Bellerive, S. Belomestnykh, Y. Benhammou , et al. (386 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: In this paper we outline a proposal for a Linear Collider Facility as the next flagship project for CERN. It offers the opportunity for a timely, cost-effective and staged construction of a new collider that will be able to comprehensively map the Higgs boson's properties, including the Higgs field potential, thanks to a large span in centre-of-mass energies and polarised beams. A comprehensive pr… ▽ More In this paper we outline a proposal for a Linear Collider Facility as the next flagship project for CERN. It offers the opportunity for a timely, cost-effective and staged construction of a new collider that will be able to comprehensively map the Higgs boson's properties, including the Higgs field potential, thanks to a large span in centre-of-mass energies and polarised beams. A comprehensive programme to study the Higgs boson and its closest relatives with high precision requires data at centre-of-mass energies from the Z pole to at least 1 TeV. It should include measurements of the Higgs boson in both major production mechanisms, ee -> ZH and ee -> vvH, precision measurements of gauge boson interactions as well as of the W boson, Higgs boson and top-quark masses, measurement of the top-quark Yukawa coupling through ee ->ttH, measurement of the Higgs boson self-coupling through HH production, and precision measurements of the electroweak couplings of the top quark. In addition, ee collisions offer discovery potential for new particles complementary to HL-LHC. △ Less

Submitted 19 June, 2025; v1 submitted 31 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

Comments: Submission to the ESPPU, as updated version May 26

Report number: DESY-25-054

HALHF: a hybrid, asymmetric, linear Higgs factory using plasma- and RF-based acceleration. Backup Document

Authors: Erik Adli, Joshua Appleby, Timothy L. Barklow, Marica Biagini, Jonas Björklund Svensson, Mikael Berggren, Simone Bettoni, Stewart Boogert, Philip Burrows, Allen Caldwell, Jian Bin Ben Chen, Vera Cilento, Laura Corner, Richard D'Arcy, Steffen Doebert, Wang Dou, Pierre Drobniak, Calvin Dyson, Sinead Farrington, John Farmer, Angeles Faus-Golfe, Manuel Formela, Arianne Formenti, Louis Forrester, Brian Foster , et al. (37 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This document expands on the Comprehensive Summary submitted to the EPPSU 2026. It contains details on aspects of the HALHF project that could not be fitted into the Summary. Some sections contain work that is still preliminary and/or status reports on current progress. This document expands on the Comprehensive Summary submitted to the EPPSU 2026. It contains details on aspects of the HALHF project that could not be fitted into the Summary. Some sections contain work that is still preliminary and/or status reports on current progress. △ Less

Submitted 30 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

Comments: Submitted to the European Particle Physics Strategy Update 2026

A Linear Collider Vision for the Future of Particle Physics

Authors: H. Abramowicz, E. Adli, F. Alharthi, M. Almanza-Soto, M. M. Altakach, W. Altmannshofer, S. Ampudia Castelazo, D. Angal-Kalinin, J. A. Anguiano, R. B. Appleby, O. Apsimon, A. Arbey, F. Arco, O. Arquero, A. Aryshev, S. Asai, D. Attie, J. L. Avila-Jimenez, H. Baer, J. A. Bagger, Y. Bai, I. R. Bailey, C. Balazs, P. Bambade, T. Barklow , et al. (426 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: In this paper we review the physics opportunities at linear $e^+e^-$ colliders with a special focus on high centre-of-mass energies and beam polarisation, take a fresh look at the various accelerator technologies available or under development and, for the first time, discuss how a facility first equipped with a technology mature today could be upgraded with technologies of tomorrow to reach much… ▽ More In this paper we review the physics opportunities at linear $e^+e^-$ colliders with a special focus on high centre-of-mass energies and beam polarisation, take a fresh look at the various accelerator technologies available or under development and, for the first time, discuss how a facility first equipped with a technology mature today could be upgraded with technologies of tomorrow to reach much higher energies and/or luminosities. In addition, we will discuss detectors and alternative collider modes, as well as opportunities for beyond-collider experiments and R\&D facilities as part of a linear collider facility (LCF). The material of this paper will support all plans for $e^+e^-$ linear colliders and additional opportunities they offer, independently of technology choice or proposed site, as well as R\&D for advanced accelerator technologies. This joint perspective on the physics goals, early technologies and upgrade strategies has been developed by the LCVision team based on an initial discussion at LCWS2024 in Tokyo and a follow-up at the LCVision Community Event at CERN in January 2025. It heavily builds on decades of achievements of the global linear collider community, in particular in the context of CLIC and ILC. △ Less

Submitted 23 December, 2025; v1 submitted 25 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

Comments: Community document for EPPSU, major updates of several sections, in particular the global interpretation section

HALHF: a hybrid, asymmetric, linear Higgs factory using plasma- and RF-based acceleration

Authors: Erik Adli, Joshua Appleby, Timothy L. Barklow, Marica Biagini, Jonas Björklund Svensson, Mikael Berggren, Simone Bettoni, Stewart Boogert, Philip Burrows, Allen Caldwell, Jian Bin Ben Chen, Vera Cilento, Laura Corner, Richard D'Arcy, Steffen Doebert, Wang Dou, Pierre Drobniak, Calvin Dyson, Sinead Farrington, John Farmer, Angeles Faus-Golfe, Manuel Formela, Arianne Formenti, Louis Forrester, Brian Foster , et al. (37 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: HALHF is a hybrid linear collider that uses electron-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration to accelerate electrons to high energy while using radio-frequency cavity technology to accelerate positrons. The most cost-effective solution collides low-energy positrons with high-energy electrons, producing a boost to the final state in the electron direction with $γ= 1.67$. The current HALHF baseline des… ▽ More HALHF is a hybrid linear collider that uses electron-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration to accelerate electrons to high energy while using radio-frequency cavity technology to accelerate positrons. The most cost-effective solution collides low-energy positrons with high-energy electrons, producing a boost to the final state in the electron direction with $γ= 1.67$. The current HALHF baseline design produces a luminosity comparable to that of the baseline ILC but with a greatly reduced construction and carbon footprint and hence much lower cost than the mature linear-collider designs ILC and CLIC. Costs for HALHF are evaluated, together with that for the approximate 15-year R\&D programme necessary to realise HALHF. Time scales and cost for the R\&D are estimated. Upgrade paths for HALHF technology from a 250~GeV Higgs factory, through 380 and 550~GeV, up to 10~TeV are sketched. △ Less

Submitted 30 March, 2025; v1 submitted 25 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

Comments: Submitted to the European Strategy for Particle Physics, 2026 Update

Plasmonic resonances in the chain of spheroidal metallic nanoparticles on the dielectric substrate

Authors: M. S. Maniuk, A. V. Korotun, V. I. Reva, I. M. Titov

Abstract: The optical and plasmonic properties of the chains of prolate metallic spheroids of the dielectric substrate are studied in the work using the local field approximation. The case when spheroids are arranged in such a way that their major semi-axis belongs to the substrate plane is considered. The relations for the transverse component of the chain polarizability tensor and the frequency of the tra… ▽ More The optical and plasmonic properties of the chains of prolate metallic spheroids of the dielectric substrate are studied in the work using the local field approximation. The case when spheroids are arranged in such a way that their major semi-axis belongs to the substrate plane is considered. The relations for the transverse component of the chain polarizability tensor and the frequency of the transverse chain resonance are obtained. The comparative analysis of spectral shifts of the maxima of the imaginary part of the transverse chain polarizability and the polarizability of isolated prolate spheroid is performed. The influence of the variation of the material of particles in the chain and the dielectric environment on the location of the maxima of the imaginary part of the transverse polarizability is studied. The limits of applicability of the theory proposed in the paper are established. △ Less

Submitted 30 December, 2024; v1 submitted 23 December, 2024; originally announced December 2024.

Comments: 9 pages, 6 figures (Published version)

Journal ref: Condensed Matter Physics, 2024, Vol. 27, No. 4, 43701

Using graph neural networks to reconstruct charged pion showers in the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter

Authors: M. Aamir, G. Adamov, T. Adams, C. Adloff, S. Afanasiev, C. Agrawal, C. Agrawal, A. Ahmad, H. A. Ahmed, S. Akbar, N. Akchurin, B. Akgul, B. Akgun, R. O. Akpinar, E. Aktas, A. Al Kadhim, V. Alexakhin, J. Alimena, J. Alison, A. Alpana, W. Alshehri, P. Alvarez Dominguez, M. Alyari, C. Amendola, R. B. Amir , et al. (550 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: A novel method to reconstruct the energy of hadronic showers in the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) is presented. The HGCAL is a sampling calorimeter with very fine transverse and longitudinal granularity. The active media are silicon sensors and scintillator tiles readout by SiPMs and the absorbers are a combination of lead and Cu/CuW in the electromagnetic section, and steel in the hadr… ▽ More A novel method to reconstruct the energy of hadronic showers in the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) is presented. The HGCAL is a sampling calorimeter with very fine transverse and longitudinal granularity. The active media are silicon sensors and scintillator tiles readout by SiPMs and the absorbers are a combination of lead and Cu/CuW in the electromagnetic section, and steel in the hadronic section. The shower reconstruction method is based on graph neural networks and it makes use of a dynamic reduction network architecture. It is shown that the algorithm is able to capture and mitigate the main effects that normally hinder the reconstruction of hadronic showers using classical reconstruction methods, by compensating for fluctuations in the multiplicity, energy, and spatial distributions of the shower's constituents. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using test beam data collected in 2018 prototype of the CMS HGCAL accompanied by a section of the CALICE AHCAL prototype. The capability of the method to mitigate the impact of energy leakage from the calorimeter is also demonstrated. △ Less

Submitted 18 December, 2024; v1 submitted 17 June, 2024; originally announced June 2024.

Journal ref: JINST 19 (2024) P11025

Optical and thermal effects in the neighborhood of the spherical layered nanoparticle of the "metallic core -- J-aggregate shell'' structure

Authors: A. V. Korotun, N. A. Smirnova, V. I. Reva, I. M. Titov, G. M. Shilo

Abstract: The relations for the polarizability of the metallic nanoparticles, coated with the shell of cyanine dyes, are obtained in the article. The frequency dependencies for light absorption and scattering efficiencies, the heating of the composite nanoparticle and the electric field amplification in its neighborhood are studied. It is established that all the dependencies have three maxima which corresp… ▽ More The relations for the polarizability of the metallic nanoparticles, coated with the shell of cyanine dyes, are obtained in the article. The frequency dependencies for light absorption and scattering efficiencies, the heating of the composite nanoparticle and the electric field amplification in its neighborhood are studied. It is established that all the dependencies have three maxima which correspond to the frequencies of hybrid plasmon-exciton resonance. It is shown that an increase in content of metal in the nanoparticle causes a blue shift of the maxima from the visible part of the spectrum and a red shift of the maximum from ultraviolet frequency range. The issue of application of metal-organic nanoparticles in nanomedicine, in particular for the photothermal therapy of malignant neoplasms is studied. △ Less

Submitted 17 January, 2024; originally announced January 2024.

Comments: 18 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables

Journal ref: Condensed Matter Physics, 2023, vol. 26, No. 4, 43704

Performance of the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter prototype to charged pion beams of 20$-$300 GeV/c

Authors: B. Acar, G. Adamov, C. Adloff, S. Afanasiev, N. Akchurin, B. Akgün, M. Alhusseini, J. Alison, J. P. Figueiredo de sa Sousa de Almeida, P. G. Dias de Almeida, A. Alpana, M. Alyari, I. Andreev, U. Aras, P. Aspell, I. O. Atakisi, O. Bach, A. Baden, G. Bakas, A. Bakshi, S. Banerjee, P. DeBarbaro, P. Bargassa, D. Barney, F. Beaudette , et al. (435 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The upgrade of the CMS experiment for the high luminosity operation of the LHC comprises the replacement of the current endcap calorimeter by a high granularity sampling calorimeter (HGCAL). The electromagnetic section of the HGCAL is based on silicon sensors interspersed between lead and copper (or copper tungsten) absorbers. The hadronic section uses layers of stainless steel as an absorbing med… ▽ More The upgrade of the CMS experiment for the high luminosity operation of the LHC comprises the replacement of the current endcap calorimeter by a high granularity sampling calorimeter (HGCAL). The electromagnetic section of the HGCAL is based on silicon sensors interspersed between lead and copper (or copper tungsten) absorbers. The hadronic section uses layers of stainless steel as an absorbing medium and silicon sensors as an active medium in the regions of high radiation exposure, and scintillator tiles directly readout by silicon photomultipliers in the remaining regions. As part of the development of the detector and its readout electronic components, a section of a silicon-based HGCAL prototype detector along with a section of the CALICE AHCAL prototype was exposed to muons, electrons and charged pions in beam test experiments at the H2 beamline at the CERN SPS in October 2018. The AHCAL uses the same technology as foreseen for the HGCAL but with much finer longitudinal segmentation. The performance of the calorimeters in terms of energy response and resolution, longitudinal and transverse shower profiles is studied using negatively charged pions, and is compared to GEANT4 predictions. This is the first report summarizing results of hadronic showers measured by the HGCAL prototype using beam test data. △ Less

Submitted 27 May, 2023; v1 submitted 9 November, 2022; originally announced November 2022.

Comments: Accepted for publication by JINST

Report of the Instrumentation Frontier Working Group for Snowmass 2021

Authors: Phillip S. Barbeau, Petra Merkel, Jinlong Zhang, Darin Acosta, Anthony A. Affolder, Artur Apresyan, Marina Artuso, Vallary Bhopatkar, Stephen Butalla, Gabriella A. Carini, Thomas Cecil, Amy Connolly, C. Eric Dahl, Allison Deiana, Katherine Dunne, Carlos O. Escobar, Juan Estrada, Farah Fahim, James E. Fast, Maurice Garcia-Sciveres, Roxanne Guenette, Michael T. Hedges, Kent Irwin, Albrecht Karle, Wes Ketchum , et al. (20 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Detector instrumentation is at the heart of scientific discoveries. Cutting edge technologies enable US particle physics to play a leading role worldwide. This report summarizes the current status of instrumentation for High Energy Physics (HEP), the challenges and needs of future experiments and indicates high priority research areas. The Snowmass Instrumentation Frontier studies detector technol… ▽ More Detector instrumentation is at the heart of scientific discoveries. Cutting edge technologies enable US particle physics to play a leading role worldwide. This report summarizes the current status of instrumentation for High Energy Physics (HEP), the challenges and needs of future experiments and indicates high priority research areas. The Snowmass Instrumentation Frontier studies detector technologies and Research and Development (R&D) needed for future experiments in collider physics, neutrino physics, rare and precision physics and at the cosmic frontier. It is divided into more or less diagonal areas with some overlap among a few of them. We lay out five high-level key messages that are geared towards ensuring the health and competitiveness of the US detector instrumentation community, and thus the entire particle physics landscape. △ Less

Submitted 3 November, 2022; v1 submitted 28 September, 2022; originally announced September 2022.

Comments: 53 pages, 0 figures, contribution to Snowmass 2021

Report of the Topical Group on Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors for Snowmass 2021

Authors: B. Surrow, M. Titov, S. Vahsen, A. Bellerive, K. Black, A. Colaleo, K. Dehmelt, K. Gnanvo, P. Lewis, D. Loomba, C. O'Hare, M. Posik, A. White

Abstract: This report summarizes white papers on micro-pattern gaseous detectors (MPGDs) that were submitted to the Instrumentation Frontier Topical Group IF05, as part of the Snowmass 2021 decadal survey of particle physics. This report summarizes white papers on micro-pattern gaseous detectors (MPGDs) that were submitted to the Instrumentation Frontier Topical Group IF05, as part of the Snowmass 2021 decadal survey of particle physics. △ Less

Submitted 16 September, 2022; v1 submitted 1 September, 2022; originally announced September 2022.

Comments: contribution to Snowmass 2021

Test-Beam and Simulation Studies Towards RPWELL-based DHCAL

Authors: Dan Shaked-Renous, Fernando Domingues Amaro, Purba Bhattacharya, Amos Breskin, Maximilien Chefdeville, Cyril Drancourt, Theo Geralis, Yannis Karyotakis, Luca Moleri, Andrea Tesi, Maxim Titov, Joao Veloso, Guillaum Vouters, Shikma Bressler

Abstract: Digital Hadronic Calorimeters (DHCAL) were suggested for future Colliders as part of the particle-flow concept. Though studied mainly with Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC), studies focusing on Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD)-based sampling elements have shown the potential advantages; they can be operated with environmental friendly gases and reach similar detection efficiency at lower average… ▽ More Digital Hadronic Calorimeters (DHCAL) were suggested for future Colliders as part of the particle-flow concept. Though studied mainly with Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC), studies focusing on Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD)-based sampling elements have shown the potential advantages; they can be operated with environmental friendly gases and reach similar detection efficiency at lower average pad-multiplicity. We summarize here the experimental test-beam results of a small-size DHCAL prototype, incorporating six Micromegas (MM) and two Resistive-Plate WELL (RPWELL) sampling elements, interlaced with steel-absorber plates. It was investigated with 2-6 GeV pion beam at the CERN/PS beam facility. The data permitted validating a GEANT4 simulation framework of a DHCAL, and evaluating the expected pion energy resolution of a full-scale RPWELL-based calorimeter. The pion energy resolution of $\fracσ{E[GeV]}=\frac{50.8\%}{\sqrt{E[GeV]}} \oplus 10.3\%$ derived expected with the RPWELL concept is competitive to that of glass RPC and MM sampling techniques. △ Less

Submitted 7 October, 2022; v1 submitted 26 August, 2022; originally announced August 2022.

Double-hit separation and dE/dx resolution of a time projection chamber with GEM readout

Authors: Yumi Aoki, David Attié, Ties Behnke, Alain Bellerive, Oleg Bezshyyko, Deb Bhattacharya Sankar, Purba Bhattacharya, Sudeb Bhattacharya, Yue Chang, Paul Colas, Gilles De Lentdecker, Klaus Dehmelt, Klaus Desch, Ralf Diener, Madhu Dixit, Ulrich Einhaus, Oleksiy Fedorchuk, Ivor Fleck, Keisuke Fujii, Takahiro Fusayasu, Serguei Ganjour, Philippe Gros, Peter Hayman, Katsumasa Ikematsu, Leif Jönsson , et al. (46 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: A time projection chamber (TPC) with micropattern gaseous detector (MPGD) readout is investigated as main tracking device of the International Large Detector (ILD) concept at the planned International Linear Collider (ILC). A prototype TPC equipped with a triple gas electron multiplier (GEM) readout has been built and operated in an electron test beam. The TPC was placed in a 1 T solenoidal field… ▽ More A time projection chamber (TPC) with micropattern gaseous detector (MPGD) readout is investigated as main tracking device of the International Large Detector (ILD) concept at the planned International Linear Collider (ILC). A prototype TPC equipped with a triple gas electron multiplier (GEM) readout has been built and operated in an electron test beam. The TPC was placed in a 1 T solenoidal field at the DESY II Test Beam Facility, which provides an electron beam up to 6 GeV/c. The performance of the readout modules, in particular the spatial point resolution, is determined and compared to earlier tests. New studies are presented with first results on the separation of close-by tracks and the capability of the system to measure the specific energy loss dE/dx. This is complemented by a simulation study on the optimization of the readout granularity to improve particle identification by dE/dx. △ Less

Submitted 25 November, 2022; v1 submitted 24 May, 2022; originally announced May 2022.

Comments: 29 pages, 30 figures, 6 tables. This is the Accepted Manuscript version of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Instrumentation. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/11/P11027

Report number: PUBDB-2022-02594

Journal ref: Journal of Instrumentation, Volume 17, Number 11, P11027 -, November 2022

The International Linear Collider: Report to Snowmass 2021

Authors: Alexander Aryshev, Ties Behnke, Mikael Berggren, James Brau, Nathaniel Craig, Ayres Freitas, Frank Gaede, Spencer Gessner, Stefania Gori, Christophe Grojean, Sven Heinemeyer, Daniel Jeans, Katja Kruger, Benno List, Jenny List, Zhen Liu, Shinichiro Michizono, David W. Miller, Ian Moult, Hitoshi Murayama, Tatsuya Nakada, Emilio Nanni, Mihoko Nojiri, Hasan Padamsee, Maxim Perelstein , et al. (487 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The International Linear Collider (ILC) is on the table now as a new global energy-frontier accelerator laboratory taking data in the 2030s. The ILC addresses key questions for our current understanding of particle physics. It is based on a proven accelerator technology. Its experiments will challenge the Standard Model of particle physics and will provide a new window to look beyond it. This docu… ▽ More The International Linear Collider (ILC) is on the table now as a new global energy-frontier accelerator laboratory taking data in the 2030s. The ILC addresses key questions for our current understanding of particle physics. It is based on a proven accelerator technology. Its experiments will challenge the Standard Model of particle physics and will provide a new window to look beyond it. This document brings the story of the ILC up to date, emphasizing its strong physics motivation, its readiness for construction, and the opportunity it presents to the US and the global particle physics community. △ Less

Submitted 16 January, 2023; v1 submitted 14 March, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Comments: 356 pages, Large pdf file (40 MB) submitted to Snowmass 2021; v2 references to Snowmass contributions added, additional authors; v3 references added, some updates, additional authors

Report number: DESY-22-045, IFT--UAM/CSIC--22-028, KEK Preprint 2021-61, PNNL-SA-160884, SLAC-PUB-17662

MPGDs for TPCs at future lepton colliders

Authors: Alain Bellerive, Jochen Kaminski, Peter M. Lewis, Paul Colas, Ralf Diener, Peter Kluit, Ronald Dean Settles, Jan Timmermans, Maxim Titov, Andreas Loschcke Centeno, Christian Wessel, Oskar Hartbrich, Sven Vahsen, Carlos Marinas, Huiron Qi, Zhiyong Zhang

Abstract: This submission will focus on advancements and advantages of Micro Pattern Gas Detector (MPGD) technologies and their applications to the construction of a dedicated Time Projection Chamber (TPC) that can serve as an excellent main tracker for any multipurpose detector that can be foreseen to operate at a future lepton collider. The first portion of the report will be the executive summary. It wil… ▽ More This submission will focus on advancements and advantages of Micro Pattern Gas Detector (MPGD) technologies and their applications to the construction of a dedicated Time Projection Chamber (TPC) that can serve as an excellent main tracker for any multipurpose detector that can be foreseen to operate at a future lepton collider. The first portion of the report will be the executive summary. It will be followed by sections detailing the applications of MPGDs specifically to the construction of the LCTPC for the ILD at ILC, for a possible upgrade of the Belle II detector at SuperKEKB and for the design of a TPC for a detector at CEPC. MPGD technologies offer synergies with other detector R&D and several application domains; a few examples will be provided in the context of the ongoing Snowmass long range planning exercise in the USA. Links to industrial partnership and work with institutions in the USA will be highlighted when appropriate. △ Less

Submitted 15 March, 2022; v1 submitted 11 March, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Comments: Contribution to Snowmass 2021. And on behalf of the LCTPC Collaboration

Response of a CMS HGCAL silicon-pad electromagnetic calorimeter prototype to 20-300 GeV positrons

Authors: B. Acar, G. Adamov, C. Adloff, S. Afanasiev, N. Akchurin, B. Akgün, F. Alam Khan, M. Alhusseini, J. Alison, A. Alpana, G. Altopp, M. Alyari, S. An, S. Anagul, I. Andreev, P. Aspell, I. O. Atakisi, O. Bach, A. Baden, G. Bakas, A. Bakshi, S. Bannerjee, P. Bargassa, D. Barney, F. Beaudette , et al. (364 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Compact Muon Solenoid Collaboration is designing a new high-granularity endcap calorimeter, HGCAL, to be installed later this decade. As part of this development work, a prototype system was built, with an electromagnetic section consisting of 14 double-sided structures, providing 28 sampling layers. Each sampling layer has an hexagonal module, where a multipad large-area silicon sensor is glu… ▽ More The Compact Muon Solenoid Collaboration is designing a new high-granularity endcap calorimeter, HGCAL, to be installed later this decade. As part of this development work, a prototype system was built, with an electromagnetic section consisting of 14 double-sided structures, providing 28 sampling layers. Each sampling layer has an hexagonal module, where a multipad large-area silicon sensor is glued between an electronics circuit board and a metal baseplate. The sensor pads of approximately 1 cm$^2$ are wire-bonded to the circuit board and are readout by custom integrated circuits. The prototype was extensively tested with beams at CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron in 2018. Based on the data collected with beams of positrons, with energies ranging from 20 to 300 GeV, measurements of the energy resolution and linearity, the position and angular resolutions, and the shower shapes are presented and compared to a detailed Geant4 simulation. △ Less

Submitted 31 March, 2022; v1 submitted 12 November, 2021; originally announced November 2021.

Anti-Poiseuille flow in neutral graphene

Authors: B. N. Narozhny, I. V. Gornyi, M. Titov

Abstract: Hydrodynamic flow of charge carriers in graphene is an energy flow unlike the usual mass flow in conventional fluids. In neutral graphene, the energy flow is decoupled from the electric current, making it difficult to observe the hydrodynamic effects and measure the viscosity of the electronic fluid by means of electric current measurements. In particular, we show that the hallmark Poiseuille flow… ▽ More Hydrodynamic flow of charge carriers in graphene is an energy flow unlike the usual mass flow in conventional fluids. In neutral graphene, the energy flow is decoupled from the electric current, making it difficult to observe the hydrodynamic effects and measure the viscosity of the electronic fluid by means of electric current measurements. In particular, we show that the hallmark Poiseuille flow in a narrow channel cannot be driven by the electric field irrespective of boundary conditions at the channel edges. Nevertheless one can observe nonuniform current densities similarly to the case of the well-known ballistic-diffusive crossover. The standard diffusive behavior with the uniform current density across the channel is achieved under the assumptions of specular scattering on the channel boundaries. This flow can also be made nonuniform by applying weak magnetic fields. In this case, the curvature of the current density profile is determined by the quasiparticle recombination processes dominated by the disorder-assisted electron-phonon scattering -- the so-called supercollisions. △ Less

Submitted 25 August, 2021; v1 submitted 29 April, 2021; originally announced April 2021.

Comments: 12pages, 2 figures

Journal ref: Physical Review B 104, 075443 (2021)

Test beam characterization of sensor prototypes for the CMS Barrel MIP Timing Detector

Authors: R. Abbott, A. Abreu, F. Addesa, M. Alhusseini, T. Anderson, Y. Andreev, A. Apresyan, R. Arcidiacono, M. Arenton, E. Auffray, D. Bastos, L. A. T. Bauerdick, R. Bellan, M. Bellato, A. Benaglia, M. Benettoni, R. Bertoni, M. Besancon, S. Bharthuar, A. Bornheim, E. Brücken, J. N. Butler, C. Campagnari, M. Campana, R. Carlin , et al. (174 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The MIP Timing Detector will provide additional timing capabilities for detection of minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) at CMS during the High Luminosity LHC era, improving event reconstruction and pileup rejection. The central portion of the detector, the Barrel Timing Layer (BTL), will be instrumented with LYSO:Ce crystals and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) providing a time resolution of about… ▽ More The MIP Timing Detector will provide additional timing capabilities for detection of minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) at CMS during the High Luminosity LHC era, improving event reconstruction and pileup rejection. The central portion of the detector, the Barrel Timing Layer (BTL), will be instrumented with LYSO:Ce crystals and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) providing a time resolution of about 30 ps at the beginning of operation, and degrading to 50-60 ps at the end of the detector lifetime as a result of radiation damage. In this work, we present the results obtained using a 120 GeV proton beam at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility to measure the time resolution of unirradiated sensors. A proof-of-concept of the sensor layout proposed for the barrel region of the MTD, consisting of elongated crystal bars with dimensions of about 3 x 3 x 57 mm$^3$ and with double-ended SiPM readout, is demonstrated. This design provides a robust time measurement independent of the impact point of the MIP along the crystal bar. We tested LYSO:Ce bars of different thickness (2, 3, 4 mm) with a geometry close to the reference design and coupled to SiPMs manufactured by Hamamatsu and Fondazione Bruno Kessler. The various aspects influencing the timing performance such as the crystal thickness, properties of the SiPMs (e.g. photon detection efficiency), and impact angle of the MIP are studied. A time resolution of about 28 ps is measured for MIPs crossing a 3 mm thick crystal bar, corresponding to an MPV energy deposition of 2.6 MeV, and of 22 ps for the 4.2 MeV MPV energy deposition expected in the BTL, matching the detector performance target for unirradiated devices. △ Less

Submitted 16 July, 2021; v1 submitted 15 April, 2021; originally announced April 2021.

Journal ref: Journal of Instrumentation, Volume 16, July 2021

Pandemic Drugs at Pandemic Speed: Infrastructure for Accelerating COVID-19 Drug Discovery with Hybrid Machine Learning- and Physics-based Simulations on High Performance Computers

Authors: Agastya P. Bhati, Shunzhou Wan, Dario Alfè, Austin R. Clyde, Mathis Bode, Li Tan, Mikhail Titov, Andre Merzky, Matteo Turilli, Shantenu Jha, Roger R. Highfield, Walter Rocchia, Nicola Scafuri, Sauro Succi, Dieter Kranzlmüller, Gerald Mathias, David Wifling, Yann Donon, Alberto Di Meglio, Sofia Vallecorsa, Heng Ma, Anda Trifan, Arvind Ramanathan, Tom Brettin, Alexander Partin , et al. (4 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The race to meet the challenges of the global pandemic has served as a reminder that the existing drug discovery process is expensive, inefficient and slow. There is a major bottleneck screening the vast number of potential small molecules to shortlist lead compounds for antiviral drug development. New opportunities to accelerate drug discovery lie at the interface between machine learning methods… ▽ More The race to meet the challenges of the global pandemic has served as a reminder that the existing drug discovery process is expensive, inefficient and slow. There is a major bottleneck screening the vast number of potential small molecules to shortlist lead compounds for antiviral drug development. New opportunities to accelerate drug discovery lie at the interface between machine learning methods, in this case developed for linear accelerators, and physics-based methods. The two in silico methods, each have their own advantages and limitations which, interestingly, complement each other. Here, we present an innovative infrastructural development that combines both approaches to accelerate drug discovery. The scale of the potential resulting workflow is such that it is dependent on supercomputing to achieve extremely high throughput. We have demonstrated the viability of this workflow for the study of inhibitors for four COVID-19 target proteins and our ability to perform the required large-scale calculations to identify lead antiviral compounds through repurposing on a variety of supercomputers. △ Less

Submitted 4 September, 2021; v1 submitted 4 March, 2021; originally announced March 2021.

Journal ref: Interface Focus. 2021. 11 (6): 20210018

Construction and commissioning of CMS CE prototype silicon modules

Authors: B. Acar, G. Adamov, C. Adloff, S. Afanasiev, N. Akchurin, B. Akgün, M. Alhusseini, J. Alison, G. Altopp, M. Alyari, S. An, S. Anagul, I. Andreev, M. Andrews, P. Aspell, I. A. Atakisi, O. Bach, A. Baden, G. Bakas, A. Bakshi, P. Bargassa, D. Barney, E. Becheva, P. Behera, A. Belloni , et al. (307 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, the CMS Collaboration is developing a High Granularity Calorimeter (CE) to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. The CE is a sampling calorimeter with unprecedented transverse and longitudinal readout for both electromagnetic (CE-E) and hadronic (CE-H) compartments. The calorimeter will be built with $\sim$30,000 hexagonal silicon modules. Prototype modul… ▽ More As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, the CMS Collaboration is developing a High Granularity Calorimeter (CE) to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. The CE is a sampling calorimeter with unprecedented transverse and longitudinal readout for both electromagnetic (CE-E) and hadronic (CE-H) compartments. The calorimeter will be built with $\sim$30,000 hexagonal silicon modules. Prototype modules have been constructed with 6-inch hexagonal silicon sensors with cell areas of 1.1~$cm^2$, and the SKIROC2-CMS readout ASIC. Beam tests of different sampling configurations were conducted with the prototype modules at DESY and CERN in 2017 and 2018. This paper describes the construction and commissioning of the CE calorimeter prototype, the silicon modules used in the construction, their basic performance, and the methods used for their calibration. △ Less

Submitted 10 December, 2020; originally announced December 2020.

Comments: 35 pages, submitted to JINST

The DAQ system of the 12,000 Channel CMS High Granularity Calorimeter Prototype

Authors: B. Acar, G. Adamov, C. Adloff, S. Afanasiev, N. Akchurin, B. Akgün, M. Alhusseini, J. Alison, G. Altopp, M. Alyari, S. An, S. Anagul, I. Andreev, M. Andrews, P. Aspell, I. A. Atakisi, O. Bach, A. Baden, G. Bakas, A. Bakshi, P. Bargassa, D. Barney, E. Becheva, P. Behera, A. Belloni , et al. (307 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC will be upgraded to accommodate the 5-fold increase in the instantaneous luminosity expected at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Concomitant with this increase will be an increase in the number of interactions in each bunch crossing and a significant increase in the total ionising dose and fluence. One part of this upgrade is the replacement of the current endca… ▽ More The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC will be upgraded to accommodate the 5-fold increase in the instantaneous luminosity expected at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Concomitant with this increase will be an increase in the number of interactions in each bunch crossing and a significant increase in the total ionising dose and fluence. One part of this upgrade is the replacement of the current endcap calorimeters with a high granularity sampling calorimeter equipped with silicon sensors, designed to manage the high collision rates. As part of the development of this calorimeter, a series of beam tests have been conducted with different sampling configurations using prototype segmented silicon detectors. In the most recent of these tests, conducted in late 2018 at the CERN SPS, the performance of a prototype calorimeter equipped with ${\approx}12,000\rm{~channels}$ of silicon sensors was studied with beams of high-energy electrons, pions and muons. This paper describes the custom-built scalable data acquisition system that was built with readily available FPGA mezzanines and low-cost Raspberry PI computers. △ Less

Submitted 8 December, 2020; v1 submitted 7 December, 2020; originally announced December 2020.

Hydrodynamic collective modes in graphene

Authors: B. N. Narozhny, I. V. Gornyi, M. Titov

Abstract: Collective behavior is one of the most intriguing aspects of the hydrodynamic approach to electronic transport. Here we provide a consistent, unified calculation of the dispersion relations of the hydrodynamic collective modes in graphene. Taking into account viscous effects, we show that the hydrodynamic sound mode in graphene becomes overdamped at sufficiently large momentum scales. Extending th… ▽ More Collective behavior is one of the most intriguing aspects of the hydrodynamic approach to electronic transport. Here we provide a consistent, unified calculation of the dispersion relations of the hydrodynamic collective modes in graphene. Taking into account viscous effects, we show that the hydrodynamic sound mode in graphene becomes overdamped at sufficiently large momentum scales. Extending the linearized theory beyond the hydrodynamic regime, we connect the diffusive hydrodynamic charge density fluctuations with plasmons. △ Less

Submitted 19 March, 2021; v1 submitted 7 November, 2020; originally announced November 2020.

Comments: 17 pages, 11 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. B 103, 115402 (2021)

Charged particle identification with the liquid xenon calorimeter of the CMD-3 detector

Authors: V. L. Ivanov, G. V. Fedotovich, R. R. Akhmetshin, A. N. Amirkhanov, A. V. Anisenkov, V. M. Aulchenko, N. S. Bashtovoy, A. E. Bondar, A. V. Bragin, S. I. Eidelman, D. A. Epifanov, L. B. Epshteyn, A. L. Erofeev, S. E. Gayazov, A. A. Grebenuk, S. S. Gribanov, D. N. Grigoriev, F. V. Ignatov, S. V. Karpov, V. F. Kazanin, A. A. Korobov, A. N. Kozyrev, E. A. Kozyrev, P. P. Krokovny, A. E. Kuzmenko , et al. (21 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The paper describes a method of the charged particle identification, developed for the \mbox{CMD-3} detector, installed at the VEPP-2000 $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. The method is based on the application of the boosted decision trees classifiers, trained for the optimal separation of electrons, muons, pions and kaons in the momentum range from 100 to $1200~{\rm MeV}/c$. The input variables for the clas… ▽ More The paper describes a method of the charged particle identification, developed for the \mbox{CMD-3} detector, installed at the VEPP-2000 $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. The method is based on the application of the boosted decision trees classifiers, trained for the optimal separation of electrons, muons, pions and kaons in the momentum range from 100 to $1200~{\rm MeV}/c$. The input variables for the classifiers are linear combinations of the energy depositions of charged particles in 12 layers of the liquid xenon calorimeter of the \mbox{CMD-3}. The event samples for training of the classifiers are taken from the simulation. Various issues of the detector response tuning in simulation and calibration of the calorimeter strip channels are considered. Application of the method is illustrated by the examples of separation of the $e^+e^-(γ)$ and $π^+π^-(γ)$ final states and of selection of the $K^+K^-$ final state at high energies. △ Less

Submitted 12 August, 2020; originally announced August 2020.

Next Frontiers in Particle Physics Detectors: INSTR2020 Summary and a Look into the Future

Authors: Maxim Titov

Abstract: The physics goals of high luminosity particle accelerators, from LHC to HL-LHC and to the next generation of lepton colliders, have set quite stringent constraints on the future needs at the Instrumentation Frontier. Many technologies are reaching their sensitivity limit and new approaches need to be developed to overcome the currently irreducible technological challenges. The timescales spanned b… ▽ More The physics goals of high luminosity particle accelerators, from LHC to HL-LHC and to the next generation of lepton colliders, have set quite stringent constraints on the future needs at the Instrumentation Frontier. Many technologies are reaching their sensitivity limit and new approaches need to be developed to overcome the currently irreducible technological challenges. The timescales spanned by future projects in particle physics, ranging from few years to many decades, constitute a challenge in itself, in addition to the complexity and diversity of the required accelerator and detector R&D. This paper summarizes advances and recent trends in the instrumentation techniques for particle physics experiments, largely based on the presentations given at the International Conference "Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics" (INSTR-20), held at BINP Novosibirsk, Russia, from 24 to 28 February, 2020. △ Less

Submitted 28 June, 2020; v1 submitted 15 June, 2020; originally announced June 2020.

Comments: 45 pages, 17 figures. This paper summarizes advances and recent trends in the instrumentation techniques for particle physics experiments, largely based on the presentations given at the International Conference "Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics" (INSTR-20), held at BINP Novosibirsk, Russia, from 24 to 28 February, 2020

Giant nonlocality in nearly compensated 2D semimetals

Authors: S. Danz, M. Titov, B. N. Narozhny

Abstract: In compensated two-component systems in confined, two-dimensional geometries, nonlocal response may appear due to external magnetic field. Within a phenomenological two-fluid framework, we demonstrate the evolution of charge flow profiles and the emergence of a giant nonlocal pattern dominating charge transport in magnetic field. Applying our approach to the specific case of intrinsic graphene, we… ▽ More In compensated two-component systems in confined, two-dimensional geometries, nonlocal response may appear due to external magnetic field. Within a phenomenological two-fluid framework, we demonstrate the evolution of charge flow profiles and the emergence of a giant nonlocal pattern dominating charge transport in magnetic field. Applying our approach to the specific case of intrinsic graphene, we suggest a simple physical explanation for the experimental observation of giant nonlocality. Our results provide an intuitive way to predict the outcome of future experiments exploring the rich physics of many-body electron systems in confined geometries as well as to design possible applications. △ Less

Submitted 11 February, 2020; v1 submitted 27 December, 2019; originally announced December 2019.

Comments: 5 pages, 5 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. B 102, 081114 (2020)

New Technologies for Discovery

Authors: Z. Ahmed, A. Apresyan, M. Artuso, P. Barry, E. Bielejec, F. Blaszczyk, T. Bose, D. Braga, S. A. Charlebois, A. Chatterjee, A. Chavarria, H. -M. Cho, S. Dalla Torre, M. Demarteau, D. Denisov, M. Diefenthaler, A. Dragone, F. Fahim, C. Gee, S. Habib, G. Haller, J. Hogan, B. J. P. Jones, M. Garcia-Sciveres, G. Giacomini , et al. (58 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: For the field of high energy physics to continue to have a bright future, priority within the field must be given to investments in the development of both evolutionary and transformational detector development that is coordinated across the national laboratories and with the university community, international partners and other disciplines. While the fundamental science questions addressed by hi… ▽ More For the field of high energy physics to continue to have a bright future, priority within the field must be given to investments in the development of both evolutionary and transformational detector development that is coordinated across the national laboratories and with the university community, international partners and other disciplines. While the fundamental science questions addressed by high energy physics have never been more compelling, there is acute awareness of the challenging budgetary and technical constraints when scaling current technologies. Furthermore, many technologies are reaching their sensitivity limit and new approaches need to be developed to overcome the currently irreducible technological challenges. This situation is unfolding against a backdrop of declining funding for instrumentation, both at the national laboratories and in particular at the universities. This trend has to be reversed for the country to continue to play a leadership role in particle physics, especially in this most promising era of imminent new discoveries that could finally break the hugely successful, but limited, Standard Model of fundamental particle interactions. In this challenging environment it is essential that the community invest anew in instrumentation and optimize the use of the available resources to develop new innovative, cost-effective instrumentation, as this is our best hope to successfully accomplish the mission of high energy physics. This report summarizes the current status of instrumentation for high energy physics, the challenges and needs of future experiments and indicates high priority research areas. △ Less

Submitted 10 August, 2019; v1 submitted 31 July, 2019; originally announced August 2019.

Comments: A report of the 2018 DPF Coordinating Panel for Advanced Detectors (CPAD) Community Workshop (101 pages)

Plasmon-polariton from a helical state in Dirac magnet

Authors: Ivan Iorsh, Gulnaz Rakhmanova, Mikhail Titov

Abstract: Optical field interacting with a topologically protected one-dimensional helical state is shown to support a one-dimensional plasmon-polariton that is characterized by a non-linear dispersion. In a two-dimensional Dirac magnet these electro-optical excitations are confined to domain walls, thus, offering a possibility to manipulate quantum optical states by altering magnetic domain configurations.… ▽ More Optical field interacting with a topologically protected one-dimensional helical state is shown to support a one-dimensional plasmon-polariton that is characterized by a non-linear dispersion. In a two-dimensional Dirac magnet these electro-optical excitations are confined to domain walls, thus, offering a possibility to manipulate quantum optical states by altering magnetic domain configurations. An exact spectral equation for such a topological plasmon-polariton is derived. △ Less

Submitted 9 May, 2019; v1 submitted 8 May, 2019; originally announced May 2019.

Novel Resistive-Plate WELL sampling element for (S)DHCAL

Authors: S. Bressler, P. Bhattacharya, A. Breskin, A. E. C. Coimbra, D. Shaked-Renous, A. Tesi, L. Moler, M. Chefdeville, G. Vouters, J. Karyotakis, C. Drancourt, M. Titov, T. Geralis

Abstract: Digital and Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeters (S)DHCAL were suggested for future Colliders as part of the particle-flow concept. Though studied mostly with RPC-based techniques, investigations have shown that MPGD-based sampling elements could outperform. An attractive, industry-produced, robust, particle-tracking detector for large-area coverage, e.g. in (S)DHCAL, could be the novel single-stage… ▽ More Digital and Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeters (S)DHCAL were suggested for future Colliders as part of the particle-flow concept. Though studied mostly with RPC-based techniques, investigations have shown that MPGD-based sampling elements could outperform. An attractive, industry-produced, robust, particle-tracking detector for large-area coverage, e.g. in (S)DHCAL, could be the novel single-stage Resistive Plate WELL (RPWELL). It is a single-sided THGEM coupled to the segmented readout electrode through a sheet of large bulk resistivity. We summarize here the preliminary test-beam results obtained with 6.5 mm thick (incl. electronics) {$48 \times 48\,\mathrm{cm^2}$}~RPWELL detectors. Two configurations are considered: a standalone RPWELL detector studied with 150 GeV muons and high-rate pions beams and RPWELL sampling element investigated within a small-(S)DHCAL prototype consisting of 7 resistive MICROMEGAS sampling elements followed by 5 RPWELL ones. The sampling elements were equipped with a Semi-Digital readout electronics based on the MICROROC chip. △ Less

Submitted 26 September, 2019; v1 submitted 11 April, 2019; originally announced April 2019.

Comments: 4 pages, 9 figures, Submitted to NIMA as VCI 2019 conference proceedings

The International Linear Collider: A Global Project

Authors: Philip Bambade, Tim Barklow, Ties Behnke, Mikael Berggren, James Brau, Philip Burrows, Dmitri Denisov, Angeles Faus-Golfe, Brian Foster, Keisuke Fujii, Juan Fuster, Frank Gaede, Paul Grannis, Christophe Grojean, Andrew Hutton, Benno List, Jenny List, Shinichiro Michizono, Akiya Miyamoto, Olivier Napoly, Michael Peskin, Roman Poeschl, Frank Simon, Jan Strube, Junping Tian , et al. (7 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The International Linear Collider (ILC) is now under consideration as the next global project in particle physics. In this report, we review of all aspects of the ILC program: the physics motivation, the accelerator design, the run plan, the proposed detectors, the experimental measurements on the Higgs boson, the top quark, the couplings of the W and Z bosons, and searches for new particles. We r… ▽ More The International Linear Collider (ILC) is now under consideration as the next global project in particle physics. In this report, we review of all aspects of the ILC program: the physics motivation, the accelerator design, the run plan, the proposed detectors, the experimental measurements on the Higgs boson, the top quark, the couplings of the W and Z bosons, and searches for new particles. We review the important role that polarized beams play in the ILC program. The first stage of the ILC is planned to be a Higgs factory at 250 GeV in the centre of mass. Energy upgrades can naturally be implemented based on the concept of a linear collider. We discuss in detail the ILC program of Higgs boson measurements and the expected precision in the determination of Higgs couplings. We compare the ILC capabilities to those of the HL-LHC and to those of other proposed e+e- Higgs factories. We emphasize throughout that the readiness of the accelerator and the estimates of ILC performance are based on detailed simulations backed by extensive RandD and, for the accelerator technology, operational experience. △ Less

Submitted 5 April, 2019; v1 submitted 4 March, 2019; originally announced March 2019.

Comments: 104 pages, 88 figures; v2: minor typo corrections; v3: many minor changes, including small corrections to the Tables and Figures in Section 11

Report number: DESY 19-037, FERMILAB-FN-1067-PPD, IFIC/19-10, IRFU-19-10, JLAB-PHY-19-2854, KEK Preprint 2018-92, LAL/RT 19-001, PNNL-SA-142168, SLAC-PUB-17412

The International Linear Collider. A European Perspective

Authors: Philip Bambade, Ties Behnke, Mikael Berggren, Ivanka Bozovic-Jelisavcic, Philip Burrows, Massimo Caccia, Paul Colas, Gerald Eigen, Lyn Evans, Angeles Faus-Golfe, Brian Foster, Juan Fuster, Frank Gaede, Christophe Grojean, Marek Idzik, Andrea Jeremie, Tadeusz Lesiak, Aharon Levy, Benno List, Jenny List, Joachim Mnich, Olivier Napoly, Carlo Pagani, Roman Poeschl, Francois Richard , et al. (9 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The International Linear Collider (ILC) being proposed in Japan is an electron-positron linear collider with an initial energy of 250 GeV. The ILC accelerator is based on the technology of superconducting radio-frequency cavities. This technology has reached a mature stage in the European XFEL project and is now widely used. The ILC will start by measuring the Higgs properties, providing high-prec… ▽ More The International Linear Collider (ILC) being proposed in Japan is an electron-positron linear collider with an initial energy of 250 GeV. The ILC accelerator is based on the technology of superconducting radio-frequency cavities. This technology has reached a mature stage in the European XFEL project and is now widely used. The ILC will start by measuring the Higgs properties, providing high-precision and model-independent determinations of its parameters. The ILC at 250 GeV will also search for direct new physics in exotic Higgs decays and in pair-production of weakly interacting particles. The use of polarised electron and positron beams opens new capabilities and scenarios that add to the physics reach. The ILC can be upgraded to higher energy, enabling precision studies of the top quark and measurement of the top Yukawa coupling and the Higgs self-coupling. The international -- including European -- interest for the project is very strong. Europe has participated in the ILC project since its early conception and plays a major role in its present development covering most of its scientific and technological aspects: physics studies, accelerator and detectors. The potential for a wide participation of European groups and laboratories is thus high, including important opportunities for European industry. Following decades of technical development, R&D, and design optimisation, the project is ready for construction and the European particle physics community, technological centers and industry are prepared to participate in this challenging endeavour. △ Less

Submitted 28 January, 2019; originally announced January 2019.

R&D Proposal, RD51 Extension Beyond 2018

Authors: S. Dalla Torre, E. Oliveri, L. Ropelewski, M. Titov

Abstract: The RD51 Collaboration, in charge of the development and dissemination of MicroPattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD) since 2008, proposes to extend its activity, after 2018, for a further five-year term. Since the RD51 initial years, the community of MPGD developers and users has grown considerably. It is reflected by the many MPGD-based applications in high energy and nuclear physics experiments as we… ▽ More The RD51 Collaboration, in charge of the development and dissemination of MicroPattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD) since 2008, proposes to extend its activity, after 2018, for a further five-year term. Since the RD51 initial years, the community of MPGD developers and users has grown considerably. It is reflected by the many MPGD-based applications in high energy and nuclear physics experiments as well as in other basic and applied-research fields. They rely on the parallel progress of detector concepts and associated technologies. The cultural, infrastructure and networking support offered by RD51 has been essential in this process. The rich portfolio of MPGD projects, under constant expansion, is accompanied by novel ideas on further developments and applications. The proposed next term of RD51 activities aims at bringing a number of detector concepts to maturity, initiating new projects and continuing the support to the community. Among leading proposed projects are ultrafast, high-rate MPGDs; discharge-free, high-resolution imaging detectors with resistive elements and high-granularity integrated electronics; novel noble-liquid detector concepts, including electroluminescence in gas bubbles; studies of environment-friendly counting gases and long-term sealed-mode operation; optical-readout detectors with radiation-hard imagers for fundamental research experiments, radiography and other domains. The proposed R&D program is also expected to enrich our basic knowledge in detector physics, to form a generation of young detector experts - paving the way to new detector concepts and applications. The vast R&D program requires acquiring additional, up-to-date expertise in advanced technologies. △ Less

Submitted 26 June, 2018; originally announced June 2018.

Report number: RD51 Note 2018-002

Counterflows in viscous electron-hole fluid

Authors: P. S. Alekseev, A. P. Dmitriev, I. V. Gornyi, V. Yu. Kachorovskii, B. N. Narozhny, M. Titov

Abstract: In ultra-pure conductors, collective motion of charge carriers at relatively high temperatures may become hydrodynamic such that electronic transport may be described similarly to a viscous flow. In confined geometries (e.g., in ultra-high quality nanostructures), the resulting flow is Poiseuille-like. When subjected to a strong external magnetic field, the electric current in semimetals is pushed… ▽ More In ultra-pure conductors, collective motion of charge carriers at relatively high temperatures may become hydrodynamic such that electronic transport may be described similarly to a viscous flow. In confined geometries (e.g., in ultra-high quality nanostructures), the resulting flow is Poiseuille-like. When subjected to a strong external magnetic field, the electric current in semimetals is pushed out of the bulk of the sample towards the edges. Moreover, we show that the interplay between viscosity and fast recombination leads to the appearance of counterflows. The edge currents possess a non-trivial spatial profile and consist of two stripe-like regions: the outer stripe carrying most of the current in the direction of the external electric field and the inner stripe with the counterflow. △ Less

Submitted 25 May, 2018; originally announced May 2018.

Comments: 10 pages, 5 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. B 98, 125111 (2018)

Nonmonotonic magnetoresistance of a two-dimensional viscous electron-hole fluid in a confined geometry

Authors: P. S. Alekseev, A. P. Dmitriev, I. V. Gornyi, V. Yu. Kachorovskii, B. N. Narozhny, M. Titov

Abstract: Ultra-pure conductors may exhibit hydrodynamic transport where the collective motion of charge carriers resembles the flow of a viscous fluid. In a confined geometry (e.g., in ultra-high quality nanostructures) the electronic fluid assumes a Poiseuille-like flow. Applying an external magnetic field tends to diminish viscous effects leading to large negative magnetoresistance. In two-component syst… ▽ More Ultra-pure conductors may exhibit hydrodynamic transport where the collective motion of charge carriers resembles the flow of a viscous fluid. In a confined geometry (e.g., in ultra-high quality nanostructures) the electronic fluid assumes a Poiseuille-like flow. Applying an external magnetic field tends to diminish viscous effects leading to large negative magnetoresistance. In two-component systems near charge neutrality the hydrodynamic flow of charge carriers is strongly affected by the mutual friction between the two constituents. At low fields, the magnetoresistance is negative, however at high fields the interplay between electron-hole scattering, recombination, and viscosity results in a dramatic change of the flow profile: the magnetoresistance changes its sign and eventually becomes linear in very high fields. This novel non-monotonic magnetoresistance can be used as a fingerprint to detect viscous flow in two-component conducting systems. △ Less

Submitted 9 November, 2017; originally announced November 2017.

Comments: 10 pages, 8 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. B 97, 085109 (2018)

A Time Projection Chamber with GEM-Based Readout

Authors: The LCTPC Collaboration, David Attié, Ties Behnke, Alain Bellerive, Oleg Bezshyyko, Deb Sankar Bhattacharya, Purba Bhattacharya, Sudeb Bhattacharya, Stefano Caiazza, Paul Colas, Gilles De Lentdecker, Klaus Dehmelt, Klaus Desch, Ralf Diener, Madhu Dixit, Ivor Fleck, Keisuke Fujii, Takahiro Fusayasu, Serguei Ganjour, Yuanning Gao, Philippe Gros, Peter Hayman, Vincent Hedberg, Katsumasa Ikematsu, Leif Jönsson , et al. (45 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: For the International Large Detector concept at the planned International Linear Collider, the use of time projection chambers (TPC) with micro-pattern gas detector readout as the main tracking detector is investigated. In this paper, results from a prototype TPC, placed in a 1 T solenoidal field and read out with three independent GEM-based readout modules, are reported. The TPC was exposed to a… ▽ More For the International Large Detector concept at the planned International Linear Collider, the use of time projection chambers (TPC) with micro-pattern gas detector readout as the main tracking detector is investigated. In this paper, results from a prototype TPC, placed in a 1 T solenoidal field and read out with three independent GEM-based readout modules, are reported. The TPC was exposed to a 6 GeV electron beam at the DESY II synchrotron. The efficiency for reconstructing hits, the measurement of the drift velocity, the space point resolution and the control of field inhomogeneities are presented. △ Less

Submitted 4 April, 2016; originally announced April 2016.

Comments: 22 pages, 19 figures

Report number: DESY 16-059

LEETECH facility as a flexible source of low energy electrons

Authors: D. Attie, S. Barsuk, O. Bezshyyko, L. Burmistrov, A. Chaus, P. Colas, O. Fedorchuk, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko, I. Kadenko, V. Krylov, V. Kubytskyi, R. Lopez, H. Monard, V. Rodin, M. Titov, D. Tomassini, A. Variola

Abstract: A new versatile facility LEETECH for detector R&D, tests and calibration is designed and constructed. It uses electrons produced by the photoinjector PHIL at LAL, Orsay and provides a powerful tool for wide range R&D studies of different detector concepts delivering "mono-chromatic" samples of low energy electrons with adjustable energy and intensity. Among other innovative instrumentation techniq… ▽ More A new versatile facility LEETECH for detector R&D, tests and calibration is designed and constructed. It uses electrons produced by the photoinjector PHIL at LAL, Orsay and provides a powerful tool for wide range R&D studies of different detector concepts delivering "mono-chromatic" samples of low energy electrons with adjustable energy and intensity. Among other innovative instrumentation techniques, LEETECH will be used for testing various gaseous tracking detectors and studying new Micromegas/InGrid concept which has very promising characteristics of spatial resolution and can be a good candidate for particle tracking and identification. In this paper the importance and expected characteristics of such facility based on detailed simulation studies are addressed. △ Less

Submitted 17 January, 2016; originally announced January 2016.

Proceedings of the third French-Ukrainian workshop on the instrumentation developments for HEP

Authors: F. Alessio, S. Ya. Barsuk, L. Berge, O. A. Bezshyyko, R. S. Boiko, I. Chaikovska, M. Chapellier, G. Charles, A. Chaus, R. Chehab, D. M. Chernyak, N. Coron, F. A. Danevich, N. Delerue, L. Devoyon, A. -A. Drillien, L. Dumoulin, C. Enss, O. Fedorchuk, A. Fleischmann, L. Gastaldo, A. Giuliani, D. Gray, M. Gros, S. Herve , et al. (48 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The reports collected in these proceedings have been presented in the third French-Ukrainian workshop on the instrumentation developments for high-energy physics held at LAL, Orsay on October 15-16. The workshop was conducted in the scope of the IDEATE International Associated Laboratory (LIA). Joint developments between French and Ukrainian laboratories and universities as well as new proposals h… ▽ More The reports collected in these proceedings have been presented in the third French-Ukrainian workshop on the instrumentation developments for high-energy physics held at LAL, Orsay on October 15-16. The workshop was conducted in the scope of the IDEATE International Associated Laboratory (LIA). Joint developments between French and Ukrainian laboratories and universities as well as new proposals have been discussed. The main topics of the papers presented in the Proceedings are developments for accelerator and beam monitoring, detector developments, joint developments for large-scale high-energy and astroparticle physics projects, medical applications. △ Less

Submitted 23 December, 2015; originally announced December 2015.

Comments: 3rd French-Ukrainian workshop on the instrumentation developments for High Energy Physics, October 15-16, 2015, LAL, Orsay, France, 94 pages

Collision-dominated nonlinear hydrodynamics in graphene

Authors: U. Briskot, M. Schütt, I. V. Gornyi, M. Titov, B. N. Narozhny, A. D. Mirlin

Abstract: We present an effective hydrodynamic theory of electronic transport in graphene in the interaction-dominated regime. We derive the emergent hydrodynamic description from the microscopic Boltzmann kinetic equation taking into account dissipation due to Coulomb interaction and find the viscosity of Dirac fermions in graphene for arbitrary densities. The viscous terms have a dramatic effect on transp… ▽ More We present an effective hydrodynamic theory of electronic transport in graphene in the interaction-dominated regime. We derive the emergent hydrodynamic description from the microscopic Boltzmann kinetic equation taking into account dissipation due to Coulomb interaction and find the viscosity of Dirac fermions in graphene for arbitrary densities. The viscous terms have a dramatic effect on transport coefficients in clean samples at high temperatures. Within linear response, we show that viscosity manifests itself in the nonlocal conductivity as well as dispersion of hydrodynamic plasmons. Beyond linear response, we apply the derived nonlinear hydrodynamics to the problem of hot spot relaxation in graphene. △ Less

Submitted 31 July, 2015; originally announced July 2015.

Comments: 17 pages, 5 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. B 92, 115426 (2015)

Perspectives of Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector Technologies for Future Physics Projects

Authors: Maxim Titov

Abstract: A centenary after the invention of the basic principle of gas amplification, gaseous detectors - are still the first choice whenever the large area coverage with low material budget is required. Advances in photo-lithography and micro-processing techniques in the chip industry during the past two decades triggered a major transition in the field of gas detectors from wire structures to Micro-Patte… ▽ More A centenary after the invention of the basic principle of gas amplification, gaseous detectors - are still the first choice whenever the large area coverage with low material budget is required. Advances in photo-lithography and micro-processing techniques in the chip industry during the past two decades triggered a major transition in the field of gas detectors from wire structures to Micro-Pattern Gas Detector (MPGD) concepts, revolutionizing cell-size limitations for many gas detector applications. The high radiation resistance and excellent spatial and time resolution make them an invaluable tool to confront future detector challenges at the frontiers of research. The design of the new micro-pattern devices appears suitable for industrial production. In 2008, the RD51 collaboration at CERN has been established to further advance technological developments of MPGDs and associated electronic-readout systems, for applications in basic and applied research. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art of the MPGD technologies and summarizes recent activities for the next generation of colliders within the framework of the RD51 collaboration. △ Less

Submitted 15 August, 2013; v1 submitted 14 August, 2013; originally announced August 2013.

Comments: Proceedings of the CMS Workshop, Perspectives on Physics and on CMS at Very High Luminosity, May 2012, Alushta, Ukraine

Performances of Anode-resistive Micromegas for HL-LHC

Authors: J. Manjarres, T. Alexopoulos, D. Attie, M. Boyer, J. Derre, G. Fanourakis, E. Ferrer-Ribas, J. Galan, E. Gazis, T. Geralis, A. Giganon, I. Giomataris, S. Herlant, F. Jeanneau, Ph. Schune, M. Titov, G. Tsipolitis

Abstract: Micromegas technology is a promising candidate to replace Atlas forward muon chambers -tracking and trigger- for future HL-LHC upgrade of the experiment. The increase on background and pile-up event probability requires detector performances which are currently under studies in intensive RD activities. We studied performances of four different resistive Micromegas detectors with different read-o… ▽ More Micromegas technology is a promising candidate to replace Atlas forward muon chambers -tracking and trigger- for future HL-LHC upgrade of the experiment. The increase on background and pile-up event probability requires detector performances which are currently under studies in intensive RD activities. We studied performances of four different resistive Micromegas detectors with different read-out strip pitches. These chambers were tested using \sim120 GeV momentum pions, at H6 CERN-SPS beam line in autumn 2010. For a strip pitch 500 micrometers we measure a resolution of \sim90 micrometers and a efficiency of ~98%. The track angle effect on the efficiency was also studied. Our results show that resistive techniques induce no degradation on the efficiency or resolution, with respect to the standard Micromegas. In some configuration the resistive coating is able to reduce the discharge currents at least by a factor of 100.Micromegas technology is a promising candidate to replace Atlas forward muon chambers -tracking and trigger- for future HL-LHC upgrade of the experiment. The increase on background and pile-up event probability requires detector performances which are currently under studies in intensive RD activities. We studied performances of four different resistive Micromegas detectors with different read-out strip pitches. These chambers were tested using \sim120 GeV momentum pions, at H6 CERN-SPS beam line in autumn 2010. For a strip pitch 500 micrometers we measure a resolution of \sim90 micrometers and a efficiency of \sim98%. The track angle effect on the efficiency was also studied. Our results show that resistive techniques induce no degradation on the efficiency or resolution, with respect to the standard Micromegas. In some configuration the resistive coating is able to reduce the discharge currents at least by a factor of 100. △ Less

Submitted 6 February, 2012; originally announced February 2012.

Comments: "Presented at the 2011 Hadron Collider Physics symposium (HCP-2011), Paris, France, November 14-18 2011, 3 pages, 6 figures. "

Performances and ageing study of resistive-anodes Micromegas detectors for HL-LHC environment

Authors: F. Jeanneau, T. Alexopoulos, D. Attié, M. Boyer, J. Derré, G. Fanourakis, E. Ferrer-Ribas, J. Galán, E. Gazis, T. Geralis, A. Giganon, I. Giomataris, S. Herlant, J. Manjarrés, E. Ntomari, Ph. Schune, M. Titov, G. Tsipolitis

Abstract: With the tenfold luminosity increase envisaged at the HL-LHC, the background (photons, neutrons, ...) and the event pile-up probability are expected to increase in proportion in the different experiments, especially in the forward regions like, for instance, the muons chambers of the ATLAS detector. Detectors based on the Micromegas principle should be good alternatives for the detector upgrade in… ▽ More With the tenfold luminosity increase envisaged at the HL-LHC, the background (photons, neutrons, ...) and the event pile-up probability are expected to increase in proportion in the different experiments, especially in the forward regions like, for instance, the muons chambers of the ATLAS detector. Detectors based on the Micromegas principle should be good alternatives for the detector upgrade in the HL-LHC framework because of a good spatial (<100 \mum) and time (few ns) resolutions, high-rate capability, radiation hardness, good robustness and the possibility to build large areas. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that it is possible to reduce the discharge probability and protect the electronics by using a resistive anode plane in a high flux hadrons environment. Several prototypes of 10x10 cm2, with different pitches (0.5 to 2 mm) and different resistive layers have been tested at CERN (pi+@SPS). Several tests have been performed with a telescope at different voltages to assess the performances of the detectors in terms of position resolution and efficiency. The spark behaviour in these conditions has also been evaluated. Resistive coating has been shown to be a successful method to reduce the effect of sparks on the efficiency of micromegas. A good spatial resolution (~80 \mum) can be reached with a resistive strip coating detector of 1mm pitch and a high efficiency (> 98%) can be achieved with resistive-anode micromegas detector. An X-rays irradiation has been also performed, showing no ageing effect after more than 21 days exposure and an integrated charge of almost 1C. △ Less

Submitted 9 January, 2012; originally announced January 2012.

Aging studies of Micromegas prototypes for the HL-LHC

Authors: J. Galan, D. Attie, J. Derre, E. Ferrer Ribas, A. Giganon, I. Giomataris, F. Jeanneau, J. Manjarres, R. de Oliveira, P. Schune, M. Titov, J. Wotschack

Abstract: The micromegas technology is a promising candidate to replace the forward muon chambers for the luminosity upgrade of ATLAS. The LHC accelerator luminosity will be five times the nominal one, increasing background and pile-up event probability. This requires detector performances which are currently under study in intensive R&D activities. Aging is one of the key issues for a high-luminosity LHC a… ▽ More The micromegas technology is a promising candidate to replace the forward muon chambers for the luminosity upgrade of ATLAS. The LHC accelerator luminosity will be five times the nominal one, increasing background and pile-up event probability. This requires detector performances which are currently under study in intensive R&D activities. Aging is one of the key issues for a high-luminosity LHC application. For this reason, we study the properties of resistive micromegas detectors under intense X-ray radiation and under thermal neutrons in different CEA-Saclay facilities. This study is complementary to those already performed using fast neutrons. △ Less

Submitted 25 November, 2011; originally announced November 2011.

Comments: Proceedings of the MPGD2011 Conference

Gaseous Detectors: recent developments and applications

Authors: Maxim Titov

Abstract: Since long time, the compelling scientific goals of future high energy physics experiments were a driving factor in the development of advanced detector technologies. A true innovation in detector instrumentation concepts came in 1968, with the development of a fully parallel readout for a large array of sensing elements - the Multiwire Proportional Chamber (MWPC), which earned Georges Charpak a N… ▽ More Since long time, the compelling scientific goals of future high energy physics experiments were a driving factor in the development of advanced detector technologies. A true innovation in detector instrumentation concepts came in 1968, with the development of a fully parallel readout for a large array of sensing elements - the Multiwire Proportional Chamber (MWPC), which earned Georges Charpak a Nobel prize in physics in 1992. Since that time radiation detection and imaging with fast gaseous detectors, capable of economically covering large detection volume with low mass budget, have been playing an important role in many fields of physics. Advances in photo-lithography and micro-processing techniques in the chip industry during the past decade triggered a major transition in the field of gas detectors from wire structures to Micro-Pattern Gas Detector (MPGD) concepts, revolutionizing cell size limitations for many gas detector applications. The high radiation resistance and excellent spatial and time resolution make them an invaluable tool to confront future detector challenges at the next generation of colliders. The design of the new micro-pattern devices appears suitable for industrial production. Novel structures where MPGDs are directly coupled to the CMOS pixel readout represent an exciting field allowing timing and charge measurements as well as precise spatial information in 3D. Originally developed for the high energy physics, MPGD applications has expanded to nuclear physics, UV and visible photon detection, astroparticle and neutrino physics, neutron detection and medical physics. △ Less

Submitted 24 August, 2010; v1 submitted 22 August, 2010; originally announced August 2010.

Comments: 23 pages, 13 figures, Invited Lectures at the 2009 Trans-European School of High Energy Physics, Zakopane, Poland, July 8-14(2009)

Radiation hardness qualification of PbWO4 scintillation crystals for the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

Authors: The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter Group, P. Adzic, N. Almeida, D. Andelin, I. Anicin, Z. Antunovic, R. Arcidiacono, M. W. Arenton, E. Auffray, S. Argiro, A. Askew, S. Baccaro, S. Baffioni, M. Balazs, D. Bandurin, D. Barney, L. M. Barone, A. Bartoloni, C. Baty, S. Beauceron, K. W. Bell, C. Bernet, M. Besancon, B. Betev, R. Beuselinck , et al. (245 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Ensuring the radiation hardness of PbWO4 crystals was one of the main priorities during the construction of the electromagnetic calorimeter of the CMS experiment at CERN. The production on an industrial scale of radiation hard crystals and their certification over a period of several years represented a difficult challenge both for CMS and for the crystal suppliers. The present article reviews t… ▽ More Ensuring the radiation hardness of PbWO4 crystals was one of the main priorities during the construction of the electromagnetic calorimeter of the CMS experiment at CERN. The production on an industrial scale of radiation hard crystals and their certification over a period of several years represented a difficult challenge both for CMS and for the crystal suppliers. The present article reviews the related scientific and technological problems encountered. △ Less

Submitted 21 December, 2009; originally announced December 2009.

Comments: 24 pages, 19 figures, available on CMS information server at http://cms.cern.ch/iCMS/

Report number: CMS Note 2009/016

Journal ref: JINST 5:P03010,2010

Development of one-coordinate gaseous detector for wide angle diffraction studies

Authors: V. M. Aulchenko, P. A. Papushev, M. R. Sharafutdinov, L. I. Shekhtman, V. M. Titov, B. P. Tolochko, V. V. Zhulanov

Abstract: A one-coordinate gaseous detector of soft X-ray photons for wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) studies is being developed. The detector operates in counting mode and is based on multi-stage Gas Electron Multiplier(GEM). Full size detector is assembled and has 67 degrees aperture with 350mm distance to the source, readout multi-strip structure with 2048 strips at 0.2mm pitch and is partially equi… ▽ More A one-coordinate gaseous detector of soft X-ray photons for wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) studies is being developed. The detector operates in counting mode and is based on multi-stage Gas Electron Multiplier(GEM). Full size detector is assembled and has 67 degrees aperture with 350mm distance to the source, readout multi-strip structure with 2048 strips at 0.2mm pitch and is partially equipped with readout electronics in the central part. Main parameters of the detector have been measured with 8keV X-ray beam at VEPP-3 synchrotron ring. Spatial resolution of 470 um (FWHM) has been demonstrated that will allow to distinguish diffraction spots at 0.1 degrees. △ Less

Submitted 28 November, 2007; originally announced November 2007.

Journal ref: JINST3:P04008,2008

Resolution Studies of GEM/Timepix Detector with 5 GeV electrons

Authors: A. Bamberger, K. Desch, U. Renz, M. Titov, N. Vlasov, P. Wienemann, S. Zimmermann, A. Zwerger

Abstract: This contribution investigates a prototype of a TPC readout with a highly pixelated CMOS ASIC, which is an option for charged particles tracking of the ILC. A triple GEM stack was joined with a TimePix and MediPix2 chip (pixel size of 55$\times$55 $μm^2$) and its readout properties were investigated with 5 GeV electrons. The spatial resolution of the cluster center reconstruction was determined… ▽ More This contribution investigates a prototype of a TPC readout with a highly pixelated CMOS ASIC, which is an option for charged particles tracking of the ILC. A triple GEM stack was joined with a TimePix and MediPix2 chip (pixel size of 55$\times$55 $μm^2$) and its readout properties were investigated with 5 GeV electrons. The spatial resolution of the cluster center reconstruction was determined as a function of drift distance using different cluster alhoritms and compared with Monte Carlo predictions. △ Less

Submitted 18 September, 2007; originally announced September 2007.

Comments: Contributed paper to the Linear Collider Workshop (LCWS), Hamburg, May 31-June 4, (2007)

Journal ref: ECONF C0705302:TRK32,2007

New Developments and Future Perspectives of Gaseous Detectors

Authors: Maxim Titov

Abstract: Gaseous detectors are fundamental components of all present and planned high energy physics experiments. Over the past decade two representatives (GEM, Micromegas) of the Micro-Pattern Gas Detector (MPGD) concept have become increasingly important; the high radiation resistance and excellent spatial and time resolution make them an invaluable tool to confront future detector challenges at the… ▽ More Gaseous detectors are fundamental components of all present and planned high energy physics experiments. Over the past decade two representatives (GEM, Micromegas) of the Micro-Pattern Gas Detector (MPGD) concept have become increasingly important; the high radiation resistance and excellent spatial and time resolution make them an invaluable tool to confront future detector challenges at the next generation of colliders. Novel structures where GEM and Micromegas are directly coupled to the CMOS multi-pixel readout represent an exciting field and allow to reconstruct fine-granularity, two-dimensional images of physics events. Originally developed for the high energy physics, MPGD applications have expanded to astrophysics, neutrino physics, neutron detection and medical imaging. △ Less

Submitted 24 June, 2007; originally announced June 2007.

Comments: CEA SACLAY, DAPNIA, France and Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg. Invited Plenary Talk at the 2007 Vienna Instrumentation Conference, February 19-24, 2007

Journal ref: Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A581:25-37,2007

Readout of GEM Detectors Using the Medipix2 CMOS Pixel Chip

Authors: A. Bamberger, K. Desch, U. Renz, M. Titov, N. Vlasov, P. Wienemann, A. Zwerger

Abstract: We have operated a Medipix2 CMOS readout chip, with amplifying, shaping and charge discriminating front-end electronics integrated on the pixel-level, as a highly segmented direct charge collecting anode in a three-stage gas electron multiplier (Triple-GEM) to detect the ionization from $^{55}$Fe X-rays and electrons from $^{106}$Ru. The device allows to perform moderate energy spectroscopy meas… ▽ More We have operated a Medipix2 CMOS readout chip, with amplifying, shaping and charge discriminating front-end electronics integrated on the pixel-level, as a highly segmented direct charge collecting anode in a three-stage gas electron multiplier (Triple-GEM) to detect the ionization from $^{55}$Fe X-rays and electrons from $^{106}$Ru. The device allows to perform moderate energy spectroscopy measurements (20 % FWHM at 5.9 keV $X$-rays) using only digital readout and two discriminator thresholds. Being a truly 2D-detector, it allows to observe individual clusters of minimum ionizing charged particles in $Ar/CO_2$ (70:30) and $He/CO_2$ (70:30) mixtures and to achieve excellent spatial resolution for position reconstruction of primary clusters down to $\sim 50 μm$, based on the binary centroid determination method. △ Less

Submitted 23 November, 2006; originally announced November 2006.

Comments: 18 pages, 14 pictures. submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A

Journal ref: Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A573:361-370,2007

Radiation Damage and Long-Term Aging in Gas Detectors

Authors: Maxim Titov

Abstract: Aging phenomena constitute one of the most complex and serious potential problems which could limit, or severely impair, the use of gaseous detectors in unprecedented harsh radiation environments. Long-term operation in high-intensity experiments of the LHC-era not only demands extraordinary radiation hardness of construction materials and gas mixtures but also very specific and appropriate asse… ▽ More Aging phenomena constitute one of the most complex and serious potential problems which could limit, or severely impair, the use of gaseous detectors in unprecedented harsh radiation environments. Long-term operation in high-intensity experiments of the LHC-era not only demands extraordinary radiation hardness of construction materials and gas mixtures but also very specific and appropriate assembly procedures and quality checks during detector construction and testing. Recent experimental data from hadron beams is discussed. It is shown that the initial stage of radiation tests, usually performed under isolated laboratory conditions, may not offer the full information needed to extrapolate to the long-term performance of real and full-size detectors at high energy physics facilities. Major factors, closely related to the capability of operating at large localized ionization densities, and which could lead to operation instabilities and subsequent aging phenomena in gaseous detectors, are summarized. Finally, an overview of aging experience with state-of-the-art gas detectors in experiments with low- and high-intensity radiation environments is given with a goal of providing a set of rules, along with some caveat, for the construction and operation of gaseous detectors in high luminosity experiments. △ Less

Submitted 17 March, 2004; v1 submitted 9 March, 2004; originally announced March 2004.

Comments: 19 pages, 6 figures. Presented at the 42nd workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project 'Innovative Detector for Supercolliders', September 28 - October 4 (2003), Erice, Italy

Journal ref: ICFA Instrum.Bull.26:002,2004