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Development of a Modular Current-Mode NaI(Tl) Detector Array for Parity Odd (n,γ) Cross Section Measurements
Authors:
J. T. Mills,
J. G. Otero Munoz,
K. Dickerson,
I. Britt,
A. Couture,
J. Doskow,
J. Fry,
I. Ide,
M. Kitaguchi,
R. Kobayashi,
M. Luxnat,
A. Moseley,
R. Nakabe,
I. Novikov,
K. Oikawa,
T. Oku,
T. Okudaira,
A. Quintinar-Peña,
A. Richburg,
S. Samiei,
D. Schaper,
H. M. Shimizu,
D. Slone,
W. M. Snow,
S. Takada
, et al. (4 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The Neutron Optics Parity and Time-Reversal Violation Experiment (NOPTREX) Collaboration has developed a modular array of 24 NaI(Tl) detectors to measure parity and time-reversal symmetry violation in neutron-nucleus interactions. These detectors feature custom electronics that allow for operation in pulse or current mode. This paper describes the design, construction, characterization, and testin…
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The Neutron Optics Parity and Time-Reversal Violation Experiment (NOPTREX) Collaboration has developed a modular array of 24 NaI(Tl) detectors to measure parity and time-reversal symmetry violation in neutron-nucleus interactions. These detectors feature custom electronics that allow for operation in pulse or current mode. This paper describes the design, construction, characterization, and testing of the detectors in this array. We demonstrate the ability of the array to detect parity-odd asymmetries in neutron resonances by observing the known 0.7 eV parity-violating resonance in 139La in measurements at LANSCE.
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Submitted 7 April, 2026;
originally announced April 2026.
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The ILD Detector: A Versatile Detector for an Electron-Positron Collider at Energies up to 1 TeV
Authors:
H. Abramowicz,
D. Ahmadi,
J. Alcaraz,
O. Alonso,
L. Andricek,
J. Anguiano,
O. Arquero,
F. Arteche,
D. Attie,
O. Bach,
M. Basso,
J. Baudot,
A. Bean,
T. Behnke,
A. Bellerive,
Y. Benhammou,
M. Berggren,
G. Bertolone,
M. Besancon,
A. Besson,
O. Bezshyyko,
G. Blazey,
B. Bliewert,
J. Bonis,
R. Bosley
, et al. (254 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The International Large Detector, ILD, is a detector concept for an experiment at a future high energy lepton collider. The detector has been optimised for precision physics in a range of energies from 90~GeV to about 1~TeV. ILD features a high precision, large volume combined silicon and gaseous tracking system, together with a high granularity calorimeter, all inside a central solenoidal magneti…
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The International Large Detector, ILD, is a detector concept for an experiment at a future high energy lepton collider. The detector has been optimised for precision physics in a range of energies from 90~GeV to about 1~TeV. ILD features a high precision, large volume combined silicon and gaseous tracking system, together with a high granularity calorimeter, all inside a central solenoidal magnetic field. The paradigm of particle flow has been the guiding principle of the design of ILD. ILD is based mostly on technologies which have been demonstrated by extensive research and test programs. The ILD concept is proposed both for linear and circular lepton collider, be it at CERN or elsewhere. The concept has been developed by a group of nearly 60 institutes from around the world, and offers a well developed and powerful environment for science and technology studies at lepton colliders. In this document, the required performance of the detector, the proposed implementation and the readiness of the different technologies needed for the implementation are discussed.
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Submitted 6 June, 2025;
originally announced June 2025.
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Experimental Studies on Spatial Resolution of a Delay-Line Current-Biased Kinetic-Inductance Detector
Authors:
The Dang Vu,
Hiroaki Shishido,
Kazuya Aizawa,
Takayuki Oku,
Kenichi Oikawa,
Masahide Harada,
Kenji M. Kojima,
Shigeyuki Miyajima,
Kazuhiko Soyama,
Tomio Koyama,
Mutsuo Hidaka,
Soh Y. Suzuki,
Manobu M. Tanaka,
Masahiko Machida,
Shuichi Kawamata,
Takekazu Ishida
Abstract:
A current-biased kinetic inductance detector (CB-KID) is a novel superconducting detector to construct a neutron transmission imaging system. The characteristics of a superconducting neutron detector have been systematically studied to improve spatial resolution of our CB-KID neutron detector. In this study, we investigated the distribution of spatial resolutions under different operating conditio…
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A current-biased kinetic inductance detector (CB-KID) is a novel superconducting detector to construct a neutron transmission imaging system. The characteristics of a superconducting neutron detector have been systematically studied to improve spatial resolution of our CB-KID neutron detector. In this study, we investigated the distribution of spatial resolutions under different operating conditions and examined the homogeneity of spatial resolutions in the detector in detail. We used a commercial standard Gd Siemens-star pattern as a conventional method to estimate the spatial resolution, and a lab-made 10B-dot array intended to examine detailed profiles on a distribution of spatial resolutions. We found that discrepancy in propagation velocities in the detector affected the uniformity of the spatial resolutions in neutron imaging. We analyzed the ellipsoidal line profiles along the circumferences of several different test circles in the Siemens-star image to find a distribution of spatial resolutions. Note that we succeeded in controlling the detector temperature precisely enough to realize stable propagation velocities of the signals in the detector to achieve the best spatial resolution with a delay-line CB-KID technique.
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Submitted 16 April, 2025;
originally announced April 2025.
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Demonstration of Near-Epithermal Neutron Reflective Optics
Authors:
Takuhiro Fujiie,
Ryota Abe,
Masahiro Hino,
Mayu Hishida,
Takuya Hosobata,
Masaaki Kitaguchi,
Rintaro Nakabe,
Kenichi Oikawa,
Takuya Okudaira,
Joseph D. Parker,
Kenji Sakai,
Hirohiko M. Shimizu,
Yusuke Tsuchikawa,
Yutaka Yamagata
Abstract:
Specular reflection of neutrons on material surfaces has been demonstrated in the energy range of 0.09-0.7 eV. The results suggest that the applicable energy range of reflective neutron optics can be extended to the near-epithermal region by using existing techniques.
Specular reflection of neutrons on material surfaces has been demonstrated in the energy range of 0.09-0.7 eV. The results suggest that the applicable energy range of reflective neutron optics can be extended to the near-epithermal region by using existing techniques.
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Submitted 27 March, 2024;
originally announced March 2024.
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Orientation mapping of YbSn$_3$ single crystals based on Bragg-dip analysis using a delay-line superconducting sensor
Authors:
Hiroaki Shishido,
The Dang Vu,
Kazuya Aizawa,
Kenji M. Kojima,
Tomio Koyama,
Kenichi Oikawa,
Masahide Harada,
Takayuki Oku,
Kazuhiko Soyama,
Shigeyuki Miyajima,
Mutsuo Hidaka,
Soh Y. Suzuki,
Manobu M. Tanaka,
Shuichi Kawamata,
Takekazu Ishida
Abstract:
Recent progress in high-power pulsed neutron sources has stimulated the development of the Bragg-dip and Bragg-edge analysis methods using a two-dimensional neutron detector with high temporal resolution to resolve the neutron energy by the time-of-flight method. The delay-line current-biased kinetic-inductance detector (CB-KID) is a two-dimensional superconducting sensor with a high temporal reso…
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Recent progress in high-power pulsed neutron sources has stimulated the development of the Bragg-dip and Bragg-edge analysis methods using a two-dimensional neutron detector with high temporal resolution to resolve the neutron energy by the time-of-flight method. The delay-line current-biased kinetic-inductance detector (CB-KID) is a two-dimensional superconducting sensor with a high temporal resolution and multi-hit capability. We demonstrate that the delay-line CB-KID with a $^{10}$B neutron conversion layer can be applied to high-spatial-resolution neutron transmission imaging and spectroscopy up to 100\,eV. Dip structures in the transmission spectrum induced by Bragg diffraction and nuclear resonance absorption in YbSn$_3$ single crystals. We successfully drew the orientation mapping of YbSn$_3$ crystals based on the analysis of observed Bragg-dip positions in the transmission spectrum.
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Submitted 9 August, 2023;
originally announced August 2023.
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High Spatial Resolution Neutron Transmission Imaging Using a Superconducting Two-Dimensional Detector
Authors:
Hiroaki Shishido,
Kazuma Nishimura,
The Dang Vu,
Kazuya Aizawa,
Kenji M. Kojima,
Tomio Koyama,
Kenichi Oikawa,
Masahide Harada,
Takayuki Oku,
Kazuhiko Soyama,
Shigeyuki Miyajima,
Mutsuo Hidaka,
Soh Y. Suzuki,
Manobu M. Tanaka,
Shuichi Kawamata,
Takekazu Ishida
Abstract:
Neutron imaging is one of the most powerful tools for nondestructive inspection owing to the unique characteristics of neutron beams, such as high permeability for many heavy metals, high sensitivity for certain light elements, and isotope selectivity owing to a specific nuclear reaction between an isotope and neutrons. In this study, we employed a superconducting detector, current-biased kinetic-…
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Neutron imaging is one of the most powerful tools for nondestructive inspection owing to the unique characteristics of neutron beams, such as high permeability for many heavy metals, high sensitivity for certain light elements, and isotope selectivity owing to a specific nuclear reaction between an isotope and neutrons. In this study, we employed a superconducting detector, current-biased kinetic-inductance detector (CB-KID) for neutron imaging using a pulsed neutron source. We employed the delay-line method, and high spatial resolution imaging with only four reading channels was achieved. We also performed wavelength-resolved neutron imaging by the time-of-flight method for the pulsed neutron source. We obtained the neutron transmission images of a Gd-Al alloy sample, inside which single crystals of GdAl3 were grown, using the delay-line CB-KID. Single crystals were well imaged, in both shapes and distributions, throughout the Al-Gd alloy. We identified Gd nuclei via neutron transmissions that exhibited characteristic suppression above the neutron wavelength of 0.03 nm. In addition, the ^{155}Gd resonance dip, a dip structure of the transmission caused by the nuclear reaction between an isotope and neutrons, was observed even when the number of events was summed over a limited area of 15 X 12 um^2. Gd selective imaging was performed using the resonance dip of ^{155}Gd, and it showed clear Gd distribution even with a limited neutron wavelength range of 1 pm.
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Submitted 8 October, 2021;
originally announced October 2021.
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Homogeneity of neutron transmission imaging over a large sensitive area with a four-channel superconducting detector
Authors:
The Dang Vu,
Hiroaki Shishido,
Kenji M. Kojima,
Tomio Koyama,
Kenichi Oikawa,
Masahide Harada,
Shigeyuki Miyajima,
Takayuki Oku,
Kazuhiko Soyama,
Kazuya Aizawa,
Mutsuo Hidaka,
Soh Y. Suzuki,
Manobu M. Tanaka,
Alex Malins,
Masahiko Machida,
Takekazu Ishida
Abstract:
We previously proposed a method to detect neutrons by using a current-biased kinetic inductance detector (CB-KID), where neutrons are converted into charged particles using a 10B conversion layer. The charged particles are detected based on local changes in kinetic inductance of X and Y superconducting meanderlines under a modest DC bias current. The system uses a delay-line method to locate the p…
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We previously proposed a method to detect neutrons by using a current-biased kinetic inductance detector (CB-KID), where neutrons are converted into charged particles using a 10B conversion layer. The charged particles are detected based on local changes in kinetic inductance of X and Y superconducting meanderlines under a modest DC bias current. The system uses a delay-line method to locate the positions of neutron-10B reactions by acquiring the four arrival timestamps of signals that propagate from hot spots created by a passing charged particle to the end electrodes of the meanderlines. Unlike conventional multi-pixel imaging systems, the CB-KID system performs high spatial resolution imaging over a 15 mm x 15 mm sensitive area using only four channel readouts. Given the large sensitive area, it is important to check the spatial homogeneity and linearity of detected neutron positions when imaging with CB-KID. To this end we imaged a pattern of 10B dot absorbers with a precise dot pitch to investigate the spatial homogeneity of the detector. We confirmed the spatial homogeneity of detected dot positions based on the distribution of measured dot pitches across the sensitive area of the detector. We demonstrate potential applications of the system by taking a clear transmission image of tiny metallic screws and nuts and a ladybug. The image was useful for characterizing the ladybug noninvasively. Detection efficiencies were low when the detector was operated at 4 K, so we plan to explore raising the operating temperature towards the critical temperature of the detector as a means to improve counting rates.
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Submitted 14 October, 2020;
originally announced October 2020.
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Energy-resolved neutron imaging with high spatial resolution using a superconducting delay-line kinetic inductance detector
Authors:
Yuki Iizawa,
Hiroaki Shishido,
Kazuma Nishimura,
The Dang Vu,
Kenji M. Kojima,
Tomio Koyama,
Kenichi Oikawa,
Masahide Harada,
Shigeyuki Miyajima,
Mutsuo Hidaka,
Takayuki Oku,
Kazuhiko Soyama,
Kazuya Aizawa,
Soh Y. Suzuki,
Takekazu Ishida
Abstract:
Neutron imaging is one of the key technologies for non-destructive transmission testing. Recent progress in the development of intensive neutron sources allows us to perform energy-resolved neutron imaging with high spatial resolution. Substantial efforts have been devoted to developing a high spatial and temporal resolution neutron imager. We have been developing a neutron imager aiming at conduc…
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Neutron imaging is one of the key technologies for non-destructive transmission testing. Recent progress in the development of intensive neutron sources allows us to perform energy-resolved neutron imaging with high spatial resolution. Substantial efforts have been devoted to developing a high spatial and temporal resolution neutron imager. We have been developing a neutron imager aiming at conducting high spatial and temporal resolution imaging based on a delay-line neutron detector, called the current-biased kinetic-inductance detector, with a conversion layer $^{10}$B. The detector allowed us to obtain a neutron transmission image with four signal readout lines. Herein, we expanded the sensor active area, and improved the spatial resolution of the detector. We examined the capability of high spatial resolution neutron imaging over the sensor active area of 15 $\times$ 15 mm$^2$ for various samples, including biological and metal ones. We also demonstrated an energy-resolved neutron image in which stainless-steel specimens were discriminating of other specimens with the aid of the Bragg edge transmission.
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Submitted 6 November, 2019;
originally announced November 2019.
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Development of energy-resolved neutron imaging detectors at RADEN
Authors:
Joseph Don Parker,
Masahide Harada,
Hirotoshi Hayashida,
Kosuke Hiroi,
Tetsuya Kai,
Yoshihiro Matsumoto,
Takeshi Nakatani,
Kenichi Oikawa,
Mariko Segawa,
Takenao Shinohara,
Yuhua Su,
Atsushi Takada,
Taito Takemura,
Tomoyuki Taniguchi,
Toru Tanimori,
Yoshiaki Kiyanagi
Abstract:
Energy-resolved neutron imaging at a pulsed source utilizes the energy-dependent neutron transmission measured via time-of-flight to extract quantitative information about the internal microstructure of an object. At the RADEN instrument at J-PARC in Japan, we use cutting-edge detectors employing micro-pattern detectors or fast Li-glass scintillators and fast, all-digital data acquisition to perfo…
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Energy-resolved neutron imaging at a pulsed source utilizes the energy-dependent neutron transmission measured via time-of-flight to extract quantitative information about the internal microstructure of an object. At the RADEN instrument at J-PARC in Japan, we use cutting-edge detectors employing micro-pattern detectors or fast Li-glass scintillators and fast, all-digital data acquisition to perform such measurements, while continuing their development toward better utilization of the intense neutron source. In particular, for the Micro-Pixel Chamber based Neutron Imaging Detector (μNID), a micro-pattern detector with a 400 μm pitch and employing 3He for neutron conversion, we have successfully improved the spatial resolution from 200 to 100 μm, increased the detection efficiency from 18 to 26% for thermal neutrons, and increased the maximum count rate from 0.4 to 1 Mcps. We are also testing a new readout element with a 215 μm pitch for further improved spatial resolution, and a μNID with boron-based neutron converter for increased rate performance.
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Submitted 25 June, 2018;
originally announced June 2018.
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Observation of lattice waves through observation of the photoluminescence Blinking in InGaN Quantum Well devices
Authors:
R. Micheletto,
K. Oikawa,
C. Feldmeier
Abstract:
The photoluminescence of III-V wide band-gap semiconductors as InGaN is characterized by local intensity fluctuations, known as 'blinking points', that despite decades of research are not yet completely understood. In this letter we report experimental data and a theoretical interpretation that suggests they are caused by the interference of thermal vibrations of the Quantum Well lattice. With far…
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The photoluminescence of III-V wide band-gap semiconductors as InGaN is characterized by local intensity fluctuations, known as 'blinking points', that despite decades of research are not yet completely understood. In this letter we report experimental data and a theoretical interpretation that suggests they are caused by the interference of thermal vibrations of the Quantum Well lattice. With far-field optical tests we could observe the lower frequency tail of these interference waves and study their dynamics as they propagate up to distances of several tens of microns.
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Submitted 23 February, 2012;
originally announced February 2012.