Showing 1–9 of 9 results for author: Serin, L

Beam-test evaluation of pre-production Low Gain Avalanche Detectors for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector

Authors: A. Aboulhorma, M. Ait Tamlihat, H. M. Alfanda, O. Atanova, N. Atanov, I. Azzouzi, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, T. Beau, D. Benchekroun, F. Bendebba, G. Bergamin, Y. Bimgdi, A. Blot, A. Boikov, J. Bonis, D. Boumediene, C. Brito, A. S. Brogna, A. M. Burger, L. Cadamuro, Y. Cai, N. Cartalade, R. Casanova Mohr, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, Y. Che , et al. (207 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS experiment as part of the Phase-II upgrade for the High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). It will mitigate pile-up effects in the forward region, and measure per bunch luminosity. The design of HGTD is based on Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) sensors. This paper presents the results of beam-test campaigns conduc… ▽ More The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS experiment as part of the Phase-II upgrade for the High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). It will mitigate pile-up effects in the forward region, and measure per bunch luminosity. The design of HGTD is based on Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) sensors. This paper presents the results of beam-test campaigns conducted at CERN and DESY in 2023 and 2024 on single LGADs from HGTD pre-production test structures, before and after neutron irradiation up to fluences of $2.5 \times 10^{15}~\mathrm{n_{eq}/cm^2}$. The tested LGADs can meet HGTD requirements in terms of charge collection, time resolution, and hit efficiency, even under HL-LHC end-of-life conditions, supporting their deployment in the final detector. △ Less

Submitted 30 January, 2026; v1 submitted 1 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Thermal Cycling Reliability of Hybrid Pixel Sensor Modules for The ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector

Authors: Y. Li, A. Aboulhorma, M. Ait Tamlihat, H. M. Alfanda, N. Atanov, O. Atanova, I. Azzouzi, J. Barreiro Guimarães Da Costa, T. Beau, D. Benchekroun, F. Bendebba, Y. Bimgdi, A. Blot, A. Boikov, J. Bonis, D. Boumediene, C. Brito, A. S. Brogna, A. M. Burger, L. Cadamuro, Y. Cai, N. Cartalade, R. Casanova Mohr, Y. Che, X. Chen , et al. (203 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The reliability of bump connection structures has become a critical aspect of future silicon detectors for particle physics. The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) for the ATLAS experiment at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider will require 8032 hybrid pixel sensor modules, composed of two Low Gain Avalanche Diode sensors bump-bonded to two readout ASICs and glued to a passive PCB. The… ▽ More The reliability of bump connection structures has become a critical aspect of future silicon detectors for particle physics. The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) for the ATLAS experiment at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider will require 8032 hybrid pixel sensor modules, composed of two Low Gain Avalanche Diode sensors bump-bonded to two readout ASICs and glued to a passive PCB. The detector will operate at low temperature (-30 degrees Celsius) to mitigate the impact of irradiation. The thermomechanical reliability of flip-chip bump connections in HGTD modules is a critical concern, particularly due to their characteristically lower bump density (pixel pitch dimensions of 1.3 mm by 1.3 mm). This paper elaborates on the challenges arising from this design characteristic. Finite element analysis and experimental testing were employed to investigate failure modes in the flip-chip bump structures under thermal cycling from -45 degrees Celsius to 40 degrees Celsius and to guide the module redesign. The optimized design demonstrates significantly enhanced robustness and is projected to fulfill the full lifetime requirements of the HGTD. △ Less

Submitted 17 September, 2025; originally announced September 2025.

Comments: 15 pages, 12 figures, 7 tables

Performance of a front-end prototype ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector

Authors: C. Agapopoulou, L. A. Beresford, D. E. Boumediene, L. Castillo García, S. Conforti, C. de la Taille, L. D. Corpe, M. J. Da Cunha Sargedas de Sousa, P. Dinaucourt, A. Falou, V. Gautam, D. Gong, C. Grieco, S. Grinstein, S. Guindon, A. Howard, O. Kurdysh, E. Kuwertz, C. Li, N. Makovec, B. Markovic, G. Martin-Chassal, R. Mazzini, C. Milke, M. Morenas , et al. (12 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This paper presents the design and characterisation of a front-end prototype ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector, which is planned for the High-Luminosity phase of the LHC. This prototype, called ALTIROC1, consists of a 5$\times$5-pad matrix and contains the analog part of the single-channel readout (preamplifier, discriminator, two TDCs and SRAM). Two preamplifier architectures (t… ▽ More This paper presents the design and characterisation of a front-end prototype ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector, which is planned for the High-Luminosity phase of the LHC. This prototype, called ALTIROC1, consists of a 5$\times$5-pad matrix and contains the analog part of the single-channel readout (preamplifier, discriminator, two TDCs and SRAM). Two preamplifier architectures (transimpedance and voltage) were implemented and tested. The ASIC was characterised both alone and as a module when connected to a 5$\times$5-pad array of LGAD sensors. In calibration measurements, the ASIC operating alone was found to satisfy the technical requirements for the project, with similar performances for both preamplifier types. In particular, the jitter was found to be 15$\pm$1~ps (35$\pm$1~ps) for an injected charge of 10~fC (4~fC). A degradation in performance was observed when the ASIC was connected to the LGAD array. This is attributed to digital couplings at the entrance of the preamplifiers. When the ASIC is connected to the LGAD array, the lowest detectable charge increased from 1.5~fC to 3.4~fC. As a consequence, the jitter increased for an injected charge of 4~fC. Despite this increase, ALTIROC1 still satisfies the maximum jitter specification (below 65~ps) for the HGTD project. This coupling issue also affects the time over threshold measurements and the time-walk correction can only be performed with transimpedance preamplifiers. Beam test measurements with a pion beam at CERN were also undertaken to evaluate the performance of the module. The best time resolution obtained using only ALTIROC TDC data was 46.3$\pm$0.7~ps for a restricted time of arrival range where the coupling issue is minimized. The residual time-walk contribution is equal to 23~ps and is the dominant electronic noise contribution to the time resolution at 15~fC. △ Less

Submitted 25 July, 2023; v1 submitted 15 June, 2023; originally announced June 2023.

Comments: 20 pages, 15 figures Second version submitted to JINST including minor changes applied to address journal's comments

Signal formation and sharing in AC-LGADs using the ALTIROC 0 front-end chip

Authors: G. D'Amen, W. Chen, C. De La Taille, G. Giacomini, D. Marchand, M. Morenas, C. Munoz Camacho, E. Rossi, N. Seguin-Moreau, L. Serin, A. Tricoli, P. -K. Wang

Abstract: The development of detectors that provide high resolution in four dimensions has attracted wide-spread interest in the scientific community for applications in high-energy physics, nuclear physics, medical imaging, mass spectroscopy as well as quantum information. However, finding a technology capable of fulfilling such aspiration proved to be an arduous task. Among other silicon-based candidates,… ▽ More The development of detectors that provide high resolution in four dimensions has attracted wide-spread interest in the scientific community for applications in high-energy physics, nuclear physics, medical imaging, mass spectroscopy as well as quantum information. However, finding a technology capable of fulfilling such aspiration proved to be an arduous task. Among other silicon-based candidates, the Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) has already shown excellent timing performances but proved to be unsuitable for fine pixelization. Therefore, the AC-coupled LGAD (AC-LGAD) approach was introduced to provide high resolution in both time and space, making it a promising candidate for future 4D detectors. However, appropriate readout electronics must be developed to match the sensor's fast-time and fine-pitch capabilities. This is currently a major technological challenge. In this paper, we test AC-LGAD prototypes read out by the fast-time ASIC ALTIROC 0, originally developed for the readout of DC-coupled LGADs for the ATLAS experiment at the HL-LHC. Signal generated by either betas from a $^{90}$Sr source or a focused infra-red laser were analyzed. This paper details the first successful readout of an AC-LGAD sensor using a readout chip. This result will pave the way for the design and construction of a new generation of AC-LGAD-based 4D detectors. △ Less

Submitted 15 September, 2022; originally announced September 2022.

Beam test results of IHEP-NDL Low Gain Avalanche Detectors(LGAD)

Authors: S. Xiao, S. Alderweireldt, S. Ali, C. Allaire, C. Agapopoulou, N. Atanov, M. K. Ayoub, G. Barone, D. Benchekroun, A. Buzatu, D. Caforio, L. Castillo García, Y. Chan, H. Chen, V. Cindro, L. Ciucu, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, H. Cui, F. Davó Miralles, Y. Davydov, G. d'Amen, C. de la Taille, R. Kiuchi, Y. Fan, A. Falou , et al. (75 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: To meet the timing resolution requirement of up-coming High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), a new detector based on the Low-Gain Avalanche Detector(LGAD), High-Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD), is under intensive research in ATLAS. Two types of IHEP-NDL LGADs(BV60 and BV170) for this update is being developed by Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of Chinese Academic of Sciences (CAS) cooperated wi… ▽ More To meet the timing resolution requirement of up-coming High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), a new detector based on the Low-Gain Avalanche Detector(LGAD), High-Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD), is under intensive research in ATLAS. Two types of IHEP-NDL LGADs(BV60 and BV170) for this update is being developed by Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of Chinese Academic of Sciences (CAS) cooperated with Novel Device Laboratory (NDL) of Beijing Normal University and they are now under detailed study. These detectors are tested with $5GeV$ electron beam at DESY. A SiPM detector is chosen as a reference detector to get the timing resolution of LGADs. The fluctuation of time difference between LGAD and SiPM is extracted by fitting with a Gaussian function. Constant fraction discriminator (CFD) method is used to mitigate the effect of time walk. The timing resolution of $41 \pm 1 ps$ and $63 \pm 1 ps$ are obtained for BV60 and BV170 respectively. △ Less

Submitted 14 May, 2020; originally announced May 2020.

Performance of a Front End prototype ASIC for picosecond precision time measurements with LGAD sensors

Authors: C. Agapopoulou, S. Blin, A. Blot, L. Castillo Garcia, M. Chmeissani, S. Conforti di Lorenzo, C. de La Taille, P. Dinaucourt, A. Fallou, J. Garcia Rodriguez, V. Gkougkousis, C. Grieco, S. Grinstein, S. Guindon, N. Makovec, G. Martin-Chassard, G. Pellegrini, A. Rummler, S. Sacerdoti, N. Seguin Moreau, L. Serin, A. Tricoli

Abstract: For the High-Luminosity phase of LHC, the ATLAS experiment is proposing the addition of a High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) in the forward region to mitigate the effects of the increased pile-up. The chosen detection technology is Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) silicon sensors that can provide an excellent timing resolution below 50 ps. The front-end read-out ASIC must maintain the perfo… ▽ More For the High-Luminosity phase of LHC, the ATLAS experiment is proposing the addition of a High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) in the forward region to mitigate the effects of the increased pile-up. The chosen detection technology is Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) silicon sensors that can provide an excellent timing resolution below 50 ps. The front-end read-out ASIC must maintain the performance of the sensor, while keeping low power consumption. This paper presents the results on the first prototype of a front-end ASIC, named ALTIROC0, which contains the analog stages (preamplifier and discriminator) of the read-out chip. The ASIC was characterised both alone and as part of a module with a 2$\times$2 LGAD array of 1.1$\times$1.1 mm$^2$ pads bump-bonded to it. The various contributions of the electronics to the time resolution were investigated in test-bench measurements with a calibration setup. Both when the ASIC is alone or with a bump-bonded sensor, the jitter of the ASIC is better than 20 ps for an injected charge of 10 fC. The time walk effect that arises from the different response of the preamplifier for various injected charges can be corrected up to 10 ps using a Time Over Threshold measurement. The combined performance of the ASIC and the LGAD sensor, which was measured during a beam test campaign in October 2018 with pions of 120 GeV energy at the CERN SPS, is around 40 ps for all measured modules. All tested modules show good efficiency and time resolution uniformity. △ Less

Submitted 7 July, 2020; v1 submitted 14 February, 2020; originally announced February 2020.

Comments: 23 pages, 27 figures

Journal ref: 2020 JINST 15 P07007

Beam test measurements of Low Gain Avalanche Detector single pads and arrays for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector

Authors: C. Allaire, J. Benitez, M. Bomben, G. Calderini, M. Carulla, E. Cavallaro, A. Falou, D. Flores, P. Freeman, Z. Galloway, E. L. Gkougkousis, H. Grabas, S. Grinstein, B. Gruey, S. Guindon, A. M. Henriques Correia, S. Hidalgo, A. Kastanas, C. Labitan, D. Lacour, J. Lange, F. Lanni, B. Lenzi, Z. Luce, N. Makovec , et al. (19 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: For the high luminosity upgrade of the LHC at CERN, ATLAS is considering the addition of a High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) in front of the end cap and forward calorimeters at |z| = 3.5 m and covering the region 2.4 < |η| < 4 to help reducing the effect of pile-up. The chosen sensors are arrays of 50 μm thin Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD). This paper presents results on single LGAD sen… ▽ More For the high luminosity upgrade of the LHC at CERN, ATLAS is considering the addition of a High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) in front of the end cap and forward calorimeters at |z| = 3.5 m and covering the region 2.4 < |η| < 4 to help reducing the effect of pile-up. The chosen sensors are arrays of 50 μm thin Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD). This paper presents results on single LGAD sensors with a surface area of 1.3x1.3 mm2 and arrays with 2x2 pads with a surface area of 2x2 mm^2 or 3x3 mm^2 each and different implant doses of the p+ multiplication layer. They are obtained from data collected during a beam test campaign in Autumn 2016 with a pion beam of 120 GeV energy at the CERN SPS. In addition to several quantities measured inclusively for each pad, the gain, efficiency and time resolution have been estimated as a function of the position of the incident particle inside the pad by using a beam telescope with a position resolution of few μm. Different methods to measure the time resolution are compared, yielding consistent results. The sensors with a surface area of 1.3x1.3 mm^2 have a time resolution of about 40 ps for a gain of 20 and of about 27 ps for a gain of 50 and fulfill the HGTD requirements. Larger sensors have, as expected, a degraded time resolution. All sensors show very good efficiency and time resolution uniformity. △ Less

Submitted 9 August, 2018; v1 submitted 2 April, 2018; originally announced April 2018.

Journal ref: JINST 13 P06017 (2018)

A Layer Correlation technique for pion energy calibration at the 2004 ATLAS Combined Beam Test

Authors: E. Abat, J. M. Abdallah, T. N. Addy, P. Adragna, M. Aharrouche, A. Ahmad, T. P. A. Akesson, M. Aleksa, C. Alexa, K. Anderson, A. Andreazza, F. Anghinolfi, A. Antonaki, G. Arabidze, E. Arik, T. Atkinson, J. Baines, O. K. Baker, D. Banfi, S. Baron, A. J. Barr, R. Beccherle, H. P. Beck, B. Belhorma, P. J. Bell , et al. (460 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: A new method for calibrating the hadron response of a segmented calorimeter is developed and successfully applied to beam test data. It is based on a principal component analysis of energy deposits in the calorimeter layers, exploiting longitudinal shower development information to improve the measured energy resolution. Corrections for invisible hadronic energy and energy lost in dead material in… ▽ More A new method for calibrating the hadron response of a segmented calorimeter is developed and successfully applied to beam test data. It is based on a principal component analysis of energy deposits in the calorimeter layers, exploiting longitudinal shower development information to improve the measured energy resolution. Corrections for invisible hadronic energy and energy lost in dead material in front of and between the calorimeters of the ATLAS experiment were calculated with simulated Geant4 Monte Carlo events and used to reconstruct the energy of pions impinging on the calorimeters during the 2004 Barrel Combined Beam Test at the CERN H8 area. For pion beams with energies between 20 GeV and 180 GeV, the particle energy is reconstructed within 3% and the energy resolution is improved by between 11% and 25% compared to the resolution at the electromagnetic scale. △ Less

Submitted 12 May, 2011; v1 submitted 20 December, 2010; originally announced December 2010.

Comments: 36 pages, 12 figures, accepted by JINST

Report number: ATL-COM-CAL-2010-006

Journal ref: JINST 6 (2011) P06001

Response Uniformity of the ATLAS Liquid Argon Electromagnetic Calorimeter

Authors: M. Aharrouche, J. Colas, L. Di Ciaccio, M. El Kacimi, O. Gaumer, M. Gouanere, D. Goujdami, R. Lafaye, S. Laplace, C. Le Maner, L. Neukermans, P. Perrodo, L. Poggioli, D. Prieur, H. Przysiezniak, G. Sauvage, I. Wingerter-Seez, R. Zitoun, F. Lanni, L. Lu, H. Ma, S. Rajago palan, H. Takai, A. Belymam, D. Benchekroun , et al. (77 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The construction of the ATLAS electromagnetic liquid argon calorimeter modules is completed and all the modules are assembled and inserted in the cryostats. During the production period four barrel and three endcap modules were exposed to test beams in order to assess their performance, ascertain the production quality and reproducibility, and to scrutinize the complete energy reconstruction cha… ▽ More The construction of the ATLAS electromagnetic liquid argon calorimeter modules is completed and all the modules are assembled and inserted in the cryostats. During the production period four barrel and three endcap modules were exposed to test beams in order to assess their performance, ascertain the production quality and reproducibility, and to scrutinize the complete energy reconstruction chain from the readout and calibration electronics to the signal and energy reconstruction. It was also possible to check the full Monte Carlo simulation of the calorimeter. The analysis of the uniformity, resolution and extraction of constant term is presented. Typical non-uniformities of 0.5% and typical global constant terms of 0.6% are measured for the barrel and end-cap modules. △ Less

Submitted 7 September, 2007; originally announced September 2007.

Comments: Accepted by NIM A

Journal ref: Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A582:429-455,2007