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The Cryogenic System of DMRadio-50L
Authors:
V. Ankel,
C. Bartram,
J. Begin,
C. Bell,
S. Chaudhuri,
H. -M. Cho,
J. Corbin,
W. Craddock,
S. Cuadra,
A. Droster,
J. Echevers,
E. Engelhardt,
J. T. Fry,
J. Fu,
K. D. Irwin,
A. Keller,
R. Kolevatov,
A. Kunder,
D. Li,
M. Marangola,
N. Otto,
K. M. W. Pappas,
E. Pariset,
S. Puranam,
P. Quassolo
, et al. (14 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The DMRadio-50L experiment is designed to search for axion dark matter in the 5 kHz - 5 MHz frequency range using a lumped-element LC resonator and a toroidal magnet and to serve as a testbed for quantum sensors. This paper describes the custom cryogenic system developed to meet the stringent requirements of the experiment within a standard laboratory environment. The system is designed to cool a…
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The DMRadio-50L experiment is designed to search for axion dark matter in the 5 kHz - 5 MHz frequency range using a lumped-element LC resonator and a toroidal magnet and to serve as a testbed for quantum sensors. This paper describes the custom cryogenic system developed to meet the stringent requirements of the experiment within a standard laboratory environment. The system is designed to cool a 200 kg detector assembly to temperatures as low as 50 mK while providing sufficient cooling power at multiple temperature stages. We present the conceptual design, technical implementation, and measured performance of the hybrid cryogenic system, which combines a horizontal dilution refrigerator with a large vertical payload cryostat.
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Submitted 6 July, 2026;
originally announced July 2026.
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DMRadio-Core: A new approach for GUT-scale axion searches
Authors:
V. Ankel,
C. Bartram,
J. Begin,
C. Bell,
S. Chaudhuri,
H. -M. Cho,
J. Corbin,
W. Craddock,
S. Cuadra,
A. Droster,
J. Echevers,
E. Engelhardt,
J. T. Fry,
K. D. Irwin,
A. Keller,
R. Kolevatov,
A. Kunder,
N. Kurita,
N. Otto,
E. Pariset,
S. Puranam,
P. Quassolo,
N. M. Rapidis,
C. P. Salemi,
M. Simanovskaia
, et al. (11 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Searches for QCD axions with masses in the neV/$c^2$ mass range are strongly motivated by new physics at the GUT scale and by well-motivated pre-inflationary axion symmetry breaking scales. This parameter space is challenging to probe due to the small axion-photon couplings, which typically require large, high-field magnets with substantial stored energy. In this paper, we propose a new experiment…
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Searches for QCD axions with masses in the neV/$c^2$ mass range are strongly motivated by new physics at the GUT scale and by well-motivated pre-inflationary axion symmetry breaking scales. This parameter space is challenging to probe due to the small axion-photon couplings, which typically require large, high-field magnets with substantial stored energy. In this paper, we propose a new experimental geometry based on a narrow-bore, segmented solenoid that optimizes the collection of the axion-induced signal using LC resonators outside the high-field region of the magnet bore. This alternative optimization significantly reduces the required stored magnetic energy while preserving sensitivity, enabling a near-term experiment in the 30-200 MHz (120-830 neV/$c^2$) range, with a cost-effective, staged scaling to a GUT-scale experiment in the 100 kHz-30 MHz (0.4-120 neV/$c^2$) range.
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Submitted 9 July, 2026; v1 submitted 17 April, 2026;
originally announced April 2026.
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Electromagnetic modeling and science reach of DMRadio-m$^3$
Authors:
DMRadio Collaboration,
A. AlShirawi,
V. Ankel,
C. Bartram,
J. Begin,
C. Bell,
J. N. Benabou,
L. Brouwer,
S. Chaudhuri,
H. -M. Cho,
J. Corbin,
W. Craddock,
S. Cuadra,
A. Droster,
J. Echevers,
J. W. Foster,
J. T. Fry,
P. W. Graham,
R. Henning,
K. D. Irwin,
F. Kadribasic,
Y. Kahn,
A. Keller,
R. Kolevatov,
S. Kuenstner
, et al. (23 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
DMRadio-m$^3$ is an experiment that is designed to be sensitive to KSVZ and DFSZ QCD axion models in the 10--200\,MHz (41 neV$/c^2$ -- 0.83 $μ$eV/$c^2$) range. The experiment uses a solenoidal dc magnetic field to convert an axion dark-matter signal to an ac electromagnetic response in a coaxial copper pickup. The current induced by this axion signal is measured by dc SQUIDs. In this work, we pres…
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DMRadio-m$^3$ is an experiment that is designed to be sensitive to KSVZ and DFSZ QCD axion models in the 10--200\,MHz (41 neV$/c^2$ -- 0.83 $μ$eV/$c^2$) range. The experiment uses a solenoidal dc magnetic field to convert an axion dark-matter signal to an ac electromagnetic response in a coaxial copper pickup. The current induced by this axion signal is measured by dc SQUIDs. In this work, we present the electromagnetic modeling of the response of the experiment to an axion signal over the full frequency range of DMRadio-m$^3$, which extends from the low-frequency, lumped-element limit to a regime where the axion Compton wavelength is only a factor of two larger than the detector size. With these results, we determine the live time and sensitivity of the experiment. The primary science goal of sensitivity to DFSZ axions across 30--200 MHz can be achieved with a $3σ$ live scan time of 2.9 years.
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Submitted 6 May, 2025; v1 submitted 27 February, 2023;
originally announced February 2023.