Showing 1–8 of 8 results for author: Wrede, C

Object Detection with Deep Learning for Rare Event Search in the GADGET II TPC

Authors: Tyler Wheeler, S. Ravishankar, C. Wrede, A. Andalib, A. Anthony, Y. Ayyad, B. Jain, A. Jaros, R. Mahajan, L. Schaedig, A. Adams, S. Ahn, J. M. Allmond, D. Bardayan, D. Bazin, K. Bosmpotinis, T. Budner, S. R. Carmichael, S. M. Cha, A. Chen, K. A. Chipps, J. M. Christie, I. Cox, J. Dopfer, M. Friedman , et al. (28 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: In the pursuit of identifying rare two-particle events within the GADGET II Time Projection Chamber (TPC), this paper presents a comprehensive approach for leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and various data processing methods. To address the inherent complexities of 3D TPC track reconstructions, the data is expressed in 2D projections and 1D quantities. This approach capitalizes on t… ▽ More In the pursuit of identifying rare two-particle events within the GADGET II Time Projection Chamber (TPC), this paper presents a comprehensive approach for leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and various data processing methods. To address the inherent complexities of 3D TPC track reconstructions, the data is expressed in 2D projections and 1D quantities. This approach capitalizes on the diverse data modalities of the TPC, allowing for the efficient representation of the distinct features of the 3D events, with no loss in topology uniqueness. Additionally, it leverages the computational efficiency of 2D CNNs and benefits from the extensive availability of pre-trained models. Given the scarcity of real training data for the rare events of interest, simulated events are used to train the models to detect real events. To account for potential distribution shifts when predominantly depending on simulations, significant perturbations are embedded within the simulations. This produces a broad parameter space that works to account for potential physics parameter and detector response variations and uncertainties. These parameter-varied simulations are used to train sensitive 2D CNN object detectors. When combined with 1D histogram peak detection algorithms, this multi-modal detection framework is highly adept at identifying rare, two-particle events in data taken during experiment 21072 at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), demonstrating a 100% recall for events of interest. We present the methods and outcomes of our investigation and discuss the potential future applications of these techniques. △ Less

Submitted 28 January, 2025; originally announced January 2025.

Extension of the particle x-ray coincidence technique: The lifetimes and branching ratios apparatus

Authors: L. J. Sun, J. Dopfer, A. Adams, C. Wrede, A. Banerjee, B. A. Brown, J. Chen, E. A. M. Jensen, R. Mahajan, T. Rauscher, C. Sumithrarachchi, L. E. Weghorn, D. Weisshaar, T. Wheeler

Abstract: The particle x-ray coincidence technique (PXCT) was originally developed to measure average lifetimes in the $10^{-17}-10^{-15}$~s range for proton-unbound states populated by electron capture (EC). We have designed and built the Lifetimes and Branching Ratios Apparatus (LIBRA) to be used in the stopped-beam area at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams that extends PXCT to measure lifetimes and dec… ▽ More The particle x-ray coincidence technique (PXCT) was originally developed to measure average lifetimes in the $10^{-17}-10^{-15}$~s range for proton-unbound states populated by electron capture (EC). We have designed and built the Lifetimes and Branching Ratios Apparatus (LIBRA) to be used in the stopped-beam area at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams that extends PXCT to measure lifetimes and decay branching ratios of resonances populated by EC/$β^+$ decay. The first application of LIBRA aims to obtain essential nuclear data from $^{60}$Ga EC/$β^+$ decay to constrain the thermonuclear rates of the $^{59}$Cu$(p,γ)^{60}$Zn and $^{59}$Cu$(p,α)^{56}$Ni reactions, and in turn, the strength of the NiCu nucleosynthesis cycle, which is predicted to significantly impact the modeling of type I x-ray burst light curves and the composition of the burst ashes. Detailed theoretical calculations, Monte Carlo simulations, and performance tests with radioactive sources have been conducted to validate the feasibility of employing LIBRA for the $^{60}$Ga experiment. LIBRA can be utilized to measure most essential ingredients needed for charged-particle reaction rate calculations in a single experiment, in the absence of direct measurements, which are often impractical for radioactive reactants. △ Less

Submitted 24 May, 2025; v1 submitted 21 October, 2024; originally announced October 2024.

Time Projection Chamber for GADGET II

Authors: Ruchi Mahajan, T. Wheeler, E. Pollacco, C. Wrede, A. Adams, H. Alvarez-Pol, A. Andalib, A. Anthony, Y. Ayyad, D. Bazin, T. Budner, M. Cortesi, J. Dopfer, M. Friedman, A. Jaros, D. Perez-Loureiro, B. Mehl, R. De Oliveira, L. J. Sun, J. Surbrook

Abstract: Background: The established GADGET detection system, designed for measuring weak, low-energy $β$-delayed proton decays, features a gaseous Proton Detector with MICROMEGAS readout for calorimetric particle detection, surrounded by a Segmented Germanium Array for high-resolution prompt $γ$-ray detection. Purpose: To upgrade GADGET's Proton Detector to operate as a compact Time Projection Chamber (TP… ▽ More Background: The established GADGET detection system, designed for measuring weak, low-energy $β$-delayed proton decays, features a gaseous Proton Detector with MICROMEGAS readout for calorimetric particle detection, surrounded by a Segmented Germanium Array for high-resolution prompt $γ$-ray detection. Purpose: To upgrade GADGET's Proton Detector to operate as a compact Time Projection Chamber (TPC) for the detection, 3D imaging and identification of low-energy $β$-delayed single- and multi-particle emissions mainly of interest to astrophysical studies. Method: A new high granularity MM board with 1024 pads has been designed, fabricated, installed and tested. A high-density data acquisition system based on Generic Electronics for TPCs has been installed and optimized to record and process the gas avalanche signals collected on the readout pads. The TPC's performance has been tested using a $^{220}$Rn $α$-particle source and cosmic-ray muons. In addition, decay events in the TPC have been simulated by adapting the ATTPCROOT data analysis framework. Further, a novel application of 2D convolutional neural networks for GADGET II event classification is introduced. Results: The GADGET II TPC is capable of detecting and identifying $α$-particles, as well as measuring their track direction, range, and energy. It has also been demonstrated that the GADGET II TPC is capable of tracking cosmic-ray muons. In addition to being one of the first generation of micro pattern gaseous detectors to utilize a resistive anode applied to low-energy nuclear physics, the GADGET II TPC will also be the first TPC surrounded by a high-efficiency array of high-purity germanium $γ$-ray detectors. \textbf{Conclusions:} The TPC of GADGET II has been designed, fabricated, tested, and is ready for operation at the FRIB for radioactive beam-line experiments. △ Less

Submitted 19 December, 2023; originally announced January 2024.

Snowmass 2021 Instrumentation Frontier (IF5 - MPGDs) -- White Paper 2: Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors for Nuclear Physics

Authors: Fernando Barbosa, Daniel Bazin, Francesco Bossú, Marco Cortesi, Silvia Dalla Torre, Sergey Furletov, Yulia Furletova, Paul Gueye, Kondo Gnanvo, Marcus Hohlmann, Wolfgang Mittig, Damien Neyret, Matthiew Posik, Christopher Wrede

Abstract: Many current and future nuclear physics (NP) experiments across the United States have and are implementing micro-pattern gas detectors (MPGDs) to be used for tracking and PID purposes. MPGDs are capable of operating in high rate environments and providing excellent spatial resolution over a large-area with a low material budget. Summarized in this white paper is the role that MPGDs are playing in… ▽ More Many current and future nuclear physics (NP) experiments across the United States have and are implementing micro-pattern gas detectors (MPGDs) to be used for tracking and PID purposes. MPGDs are capable of operating in high rate environments and providing excellent spatial resolution over a large-area with a low material budget. Summarized in this white paper is the role that MPGDs are playing in NP experiments and the R&D which is needed to meet the requirements of future NP experiments. △ Less

Submitted 11 March, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Comments: contribution to Snowmass 2021

Final results for the neutron $β$-asymmetry parameter $A_0$ from the UCNA experiment

Authors: B. Plaster, E. Adamek, B. Allgeier, J. Anaya, H. O. Back, Y. Bagdasarova, D. B. Berguno, M. Blatnik, J. G. Boissevain, T. J. Bowles, L. J. Broussard, M. A. -P. Brown, R. Carr, D. J. Clark, S. Clayton, C. Cude-Woods, S. Currie, E. B. Dees, X. Ding, S. Du, B. W. Filippone, A. Garcia, P. Geltenbort, S. Hasan, A. Hawari , et al. (69 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The UCNA experiment was designed to measure the neutron $β$-asymmetry parameter $A_0$ using polarized ultracold neutrons (UCN). UCN produced via downscattering in solid deuterium were polarized via transport through a 7 T magnetic field, and then directed to a 1 T solenoidal electron spectrometer, where the decay electrons were detected in electron detector packages located on the two ends of the… ▽ More The UCNA experiment was designed to measure the neutron $β$-asymmetry parameter $A_0$ using polarized ultracold neutrons (UCN). UCN produced via downscattering in solid deuterium were polarized via transport through a 7 T magnetic field, and then directed to a 1 T solenoidal electron spectrometer, where the decay electrons were detected in electron detector packages located on the two ends of the spectrometer. A value for $A_0$ was then extracted from the asymmetry in the numbers of counts in the two detector packages. We summarize all of the results from the UCNA experiment, obtained during run periods in 2007, 2008--2009, 2010, and 2011--2013, which ultimately culminated in a 0.67\% precision result for $A_0$. △ Less

Submitted 10 April, 2019; originally announced April 2019.

Comments: 6 pages, 7 figures, to appear in proceedings of the International Workshop on Particle Physics at Neutron Sources 2018

GADGET: A Gas Amplifier Detector with Germanium Tagging

Authors: Moshe Friedman, David Pérez-Loureiro, Tamas Budner, Emanuel Pollacco, Chris Wrede, Marco Cortesi, Cathleen Fry, Brent Glassman, Madison Harris, Joe Heideman, Molly Janasik, Brian T Roeder, Michael Roosa, Antti Saastamoinen, Jordan Stomps, Jason Surbrook, Pranjal Tiwari, John Yurkon

Abstract: The Gas Amplifier Detector with Germanium Tagging (GADGET) is a new detection system devoted to the measurement of weak, low-energy $β$-delayed proton decays relevant for nuclear astrophysics studies. It is comprised of a new gaseous Proton Detector equipped with a Micromegas readout for charged particle detection, surrounded by the existing Segmented Germanium Array (SeGA) for the high-resolution… ▽ More The Gas Amplifier Detector with Germanium Tagging (GADGET) is a new detection system devoted to the measurement of weak, low-energy $β$-delayed proton decays relevant for nuclear astrophysics studies. It is comprised of a new gaseous Proton Detector equipped with a Micromegas readout for charged particle detection, surrounded by the existing Segmented Germanium Array (SeGA) for the high-resolution detection of the prompt $γ$-rays. In this work we describe in detail for the first time the design, construction, and operation of the GADGET system, including performance of the Proton Detector. We present the results of a recent commissioning experiment performed with \textsuperscript{25}Si beam at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). GADGET provided low-background, low-energy $β$-delayed proton detection with efficiency above 95\%, and relatively good efficiency for proton-gamma coincidences (2.7\% at 1.37 MeV). △ Less

Submitted 14 March, 2019; originally announced March 2019.

Search for dark matter decay of the free neutron from the UCNA experiment: n $\rightarrow χ+ e^+e^-$

Authors: X. Sun, E. Adamek, B. Allgeier, M. Blatnik, T. J. Bowles, L. J. Broussard, M. A. -P. Brown, R. Carr, S. Clayton, C. Cude-Woods, S. Currie, E. B. Dees, X. Ding, B. W. Filippone, A. García, P. Geltenbort, S. Hasan, K. P. Hickerson, J. Hoagland, R. Hong, G. E. Hogan, A. T. Holley, T. M. Ito, A. Knecht, C. -Y. Liu , et al. (35 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: It has been proposed recently that a previously unobserved neutron decay branch to a dark matter particle ($χ$) could account for the discrepancy in the neutron lifetime observed in experiments that use two different measurement techniques. One of the possible final states discussed includes a single $χ$ along with an $e^{+}e^{-}$ pair. We use data from the UCNA (Ultracold Neutron Asymmetry) exper… ▽ More It has been proposed recently that a previously unobserved neutron decay branch to a dark matter particle ($χ$) could account for the discrepancy in the neutron lifetime observed in experiments that use two different measurement techniques. One of the possible final states discussed includes a single $χ$ along with an $e^{+}e^{-}$ pair. We use data from the UCNA (Ultracold Neutron Asymmetry) experiment to set limits on this decay channel. Coincident electron-like events are detected with $\sim 4π$ acceptance using a pair of detectors that observe a volume of stored Ultracold Neutrons (UCNs). The summed kinetic energy ($E_{e^{+}e^{-}}$) from such events is used to set limits, as a function of the $χ$ mass, on the branching fraction for this decay channel. For $χ$ masses consistent with resolving the neutron lifetime discrepancy, we exclude this as the dominant dark matter decay channel at $\gg~5σ$ level for $100~\text{keV} < E_{e^{+}e^{-}} < 644~\text{keV}$. If the $χ+e^{+}e^{-}$ final state is not the only one, we set limits on its branching fraction of $< 10^{-4}$ for the above $E_{e^{+}e^{-}}$ range at $> 90\%$ confidence level. △ Less

Submitted 28 March, 2018; originally announced March 2018.

Comments: 5 pages, 5 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. C 97, 052501 (2018)

Simulation of a low-background proton detector for studying low-energy resonances relevant in thermonuclear reactions

Authors: D. Perez-Loureiro, C. Wrede

Abstract: A new detector is being developed at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) to measure low energy charged-particles from beta-delayed particle emission. These low energy particles are very important for nuclear astrophysics studies. The use of a gaseous system instead of a solid state detector decreases the sensitivity to betas while keeping high efficiency for higher mass charge… ▽ More A new detector is being developed at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) to measure low energy charged-particles from beta-delayed particle emission. These low energy particles are very important for nuclear astrophysics studies. The use of a gaseous system instead of a solid state detector decreases the sensitivity to betas while keeping high efficiency for higher mass charged particles like protons or alphas. This low sensitivity to betas minimizes their contribution to the background down to 150 keV. A detailed simulation tool based on \textsc{Geant4} has been developed for this future detector. △ Less

Submitted 23 June, 2016; originally announced June 2016.

Comments: 4 pages, 7 figures

Journal ref: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)