Showing 1–4 of 4 results for author: Su, Q P

Nanoscale Fluorescence Thermometry: Probes, Recent Advances and Emerging Directions

Authors: Md Shakhawath Hossain, Nhat Minh Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Anh Mai, Trung Vuong Doan, Chaohao Chen, Qian Peter Su, Jiayan Liao, Yongliang Chen, Quynh Le-Van, Vu Khac Dat, Toan Dinh, Xiaoxue Xu, Toan Trong Tran

Abstract: The transition of materials and devices to nanometer, atomic, and quantum scales makes thermal characterization increasingly challenging, driving the need for advanced nanoscale thermometry. Fluorescence nanothermometry has emerged as a powerful approach, enabling remote, spatially resolved temperature measurements with sub-micrometer-to-nanometer precision across applications in nanoelectronics,… ▽ More The transition of materials and devices to nanometer, atomic, and quantum scales makes thermal characterization increasingly challenging, driving the need for advanced nanoscale thermometry. Fluorescence nanothermometry has emerged as a powerful approach, enabling remote, spatially resolved temperature measurements with sub-micrometer-to-nanometer precision across applications in nanoelectronics, microfluidics, and biological systems. In these systems, temperature is inferred from variations in fluorescence observables, including spectral position, intensity, linewidth, and excited-state dynamics. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of fluorescence nanothermometry, covering fundamental mechanisms, material platforms, recent advances, and emerging applications. It further presents a critical evaluation of key challenges and discusses emerging strategies and future research directions toward achieving robust, real-time thermometry. It is anticipated that this review will stimulate further advances in material platforms and system design, accelerating the development of accurate, scalable, and application-ready nanoscale thermometers. △ Less

Submitted 22 April, 2026; originally announced April 2026.

Harnessing Non-Boltzmann Steady States in Lanthanide Nanocrystals for Mid-Infrared Optoelectronics

Authors: Xinyang Yu, Yin Huang, Karin Yamamura, Chenyi Wang, Lei Ding, Mehran Kianinia, Yang Yu, Jiyun Kim, Baolei Liu, Xiaoxue Xu, Otto Cranwell Schaeper, Yue Bian, Lan Fu, Guochen Bao, Qian Peter Su, Fan Wang, Igor Aharonovich, Chaohao Chen

Abstract: Converting mid-infrared (MIR) radiation to visible or near-infrared wavelengths is essential for imaging and sensing, yet achieving sensitive, low-power, and scalable detection remains challenging. Lanthanide nanocrystals provide an alternative through ratiometric luminescence but are typically constrained by Boltzmann statistics, which tie population distributions to lattice temperature and limit… ▽ More Converting mid-infrared (MIR) radiation to visible or near-infrared wavelengths is essential for imaging and sensing, yet achieving sensitive, low-power, and scalable detection remains challenging. Lanthanide nanocrystals provide an alternative through ratiometric luminescence but are typically constrained by Boltzmann statistics, which tie population distributions to lattice temperature and limit signal contrast. Here we show that MIR irradiation rebalances dissipative relaxation pathways, driving lanthanide emitters into a non-Boltzmann steady state that enables non-thermal control of population distributions. This allows emission behaviors inaccessible under thermal equilibrium. We exploit this regime to achieve linear MIR detection with respect to MIR power across 6.8 to 8.6 micrometers. The ratiometric response is intrinsically independent of the pump power, enabling operation at an ultralow excitation power of 10 uW, several orders of magnitude lower than conventional approaches. Using standard silicon photodetectors, we then demonstrate room-temperature MIR imaging with detection limits approaching 4 nW um-2. Our results establish lanthanide nanoparticles as an efficient platform for MIR conversion and sensing in nanophotonic systems. △ Less

Submitted 23 March, 2026; v1 submitted 20 March, 2026; originally announced March 2026.

Comments: 12 pages, 4 figures

Laser-Induced Heating in Diamonds: Influence of Substrate Thermal Conductivity and Interfacial Polymer Layers

Authors: Md Shakhawath Hossain, Jiatong Xu, Thi Ngoc Anh Mai, Nhat Minh Nguyen, Trung Vuong Doan, Chaohao Chen, Qian Peter Su, Yongliang Chen, Evgeny Ekimov, Toan Dinh, Xiaoxue Xu, Toan Trong Tran

Abstract: Diamonds hosting color centers possess intrinsically high thermal conductivity; therefore, laser-induced heating has often received little attention. However, when placed on substrates with low thermal conductivity, localized heating of diamonds under laser excitation can become significant, and the presence of an interfacial polymer layer between substrate and diamond further amplifies this effec… ▽ More Diamonds hosting color centers possess intrinsically high thermal conductivity; therefore, laser-induced heating has often received little attention. However, when placed on substrates with low thermal conductivity, localized heating of diamonds under laser excitation can become significant, and the presence of an interfacial polymer layer between substrate and diamond further amplifies this effect. Yet, the relationship between substrate thermal conductivity, polymer thickness, and laser heating remains to be established. Here, a systematic investigation is presented on laser-induced heating of silicon-vacancy diamond on substrates with varying thermal conductivity and interfacial polymer thickness. Results reveal that even at a low excitation power of 737~$μ$W/$μ$m$^2$, thin amorphous holey carbon -- the lowest-conductivity substrate ($\sim$0.2~W~m$^{-1}$~K$^{-1}$) studied -- exhibits substantial heating, while glass ($\sim$1.4~W~m$^{-1}$~K$^{-1}$) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, $\sim$0.35~W~m$^{-1}$~K$^{-1}$) show noticeable heating only above 2.95~mW/$μ$m$^2$. For polymer interlayers, a thickness of just 2.2~$μ$m induces significant heating at 2.95~mW/$μ$m$^2$ and above, highlighting strong influence of both substrate and polymer thickness on local heating response. Experimental findings are further validated using COMSOL Multiphysics simulations with a steady-state 3D heat transfer model. These results provide practical guidance for substrate selection and sample preparation, enabling optimization of conditions for optical thermometry and quantum sensing applications. △ Less

Submitted 16 October, 2025; originally announced October 2025.

Upconversion nonlinear structured illumination microscopy

Authors: Baolei Liu, Chaohao Chen, Xiangjun Di, Jiayan Liao, Shihui Wen, Qian Peter Su, Xuchen Shan, Zai-Quan Xu, Lining Arnold Ju, Fan Wang, Dayong Jin

Abstract: Video-rate super-resolution imaging through biological tissue can visualize and track biomolecule interplays and transportations inside cellular organisms. Structured illumination microscopy allows for wide-field super resolution observation of biological samples but is limited by the strong absorption and scattering of light by biological tissues, which degrades its imaging resolution. Here we re… ▽ More Video-rate super-resolution imaging through biological tissue can visualize and track biomolecule interplays and transportations inside cellular organisms. Structured illumination microscopy allows for wide-field super resolution observation of biological samples but is limited by the strong absorption and scattering of light by biological tissues, which degrades its imaging resolution. Here we report a photon upconversion scheme using lanthanide-doped nanoparticles for wide-field super-resolution imaging through the biological transparent window, featured by near-infrared and low-irradiance nonlinear structured illumination. We demonstrate that the 976 nm excitation and 800 nm up-converted emission can mitigate the aberration. We found that the nonlinear response of upconversion emissions from single nanoparticles can effectively generate the required high spatial frequency components in Fourier domain. These strategies lead to a new modality in microscopy with a resolution of 130 nm, 1/7th of the excitation wavelength, and a frame rate of 1 fps. △ Less

Submitted 13 February, 2020; originally announced February 2020.