Showing 1–45 of 45 results for author: Osborne, J

MuCol Milestone Report No. 7: Consolidated Parameters

Authors: Rebecca Taylor, Antoine Chancé, Dario Augusto Giove, Natalia Milas, Roberto Losito, Donatella Lucchesi, Chris Rogers, Lucio Rossi, Daniel Schulte, Carlotta Accettura, Simon Adrian, Rohit Agarwal, Claudia Ahdida, Chiara Aime, Avni Aksoy, Gian Luigi Alberghi, Simon Albright, Siobhan Alden, Luca Alfonso, Muhammad Ali, Anna Rita Altamura, Nicola Amapane, Kathleen Amm, David Amorim, Paolo Andreetto , et al. (437 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This document is comprised of a collection of consolidated parameters for the key parts of the muon collider. These consolidated parameters follow on from the October 2024 Preliminary Parameters Report. Attention has been given to a high-level consistent set of baseline parameters throughout all systems of the complex, following a 10 TeV center-of-mass design. Additional details of the designs con… ▽ More This document is comprised of a collection of consolidated parameters for the key parts of the muon collider. These consolidated parameters follow on from the October 2024 Preliminary Parameters Report. Attention has been given to a high-level consistent set of baseline parameters throughout all systems of the complex, following a 10 TeV center-of-mass design. Additional details of the designs contributing to this baseline design are featured in the appendix. Likewise, explorative variations from this baseline set can be found in the appendix. The data is collected from a collaborative spreadsheet and transferred to overleaf. △ Less

Submitted 31 October, 2025; originally announced October 2025.

Towards a 384-channel magnetoencephalography system based on optically pumped magnetometers

Authors: Holly Schofield, Ryan M. Hill, Lukas Rier, Ewan Kennett, Gonzalo Reina Rivero, Joseph Gibson, Ashley Tyler, Zoe Tanner, Frank Worcester, Tyler Hayward, James Osborne, Cody Doyle, Vishal Shah, Elena Boto, Niall Holmes, Matthew J. Brookes

Abstract: Magnetoencephalography using optically pumped magnetometers (OPM-MEG) is gaining significant traction as a neuroimaging tool, with the potential for improved performance and practicality compared to conventional instrumentation. However, OPM-MEG has so far lagged conventional-MEG in terms of the number of independent measurements of magnetic field that can be made across the scalp (i.e. the number… ▽ More Magnetoencephalography using optically pumped magnetometers (OPM-MEG) is gaining significant traction as a neuroimaging tool, with the potential for improved performance and practicality compared to conventional instrumentation. However, OPM-MEG has so far lagged conventional-MEG in terms of the number of independent measurements of magnetic field that can be made across the scalp (i.e. the number of channels). This is important since increasing channel count offers improvements in sensitivity, spatial resolution and coverage. Unfortunately, increasing channel count also poses significant technical and practical challenges. Here, we describe a new OPM-MEG array which exploits triaxial sensors and integrated miniaturised electronic control units to measure MEG data from up to 384 channels. We also introduce a high-speed calibration method to ensure the that the fields measured by this array are high fidelity. The system was validated using a phantom, with results showing that dipole localisation accuracy is better than 1 mm, and correlation between the measured magnetic fields and a dipole model is >0.998. We then demonstrate utility in human MEG acquisition: via measurement of visual gamma oscillations we demonstrate the improvements in sensitivity that are afforded by high channel density, and via a moviewatching paradigm we quantify improvements in spatial resolution. In sum, we show the first OPM-MEG system with a channel count larger than that of typical conventional MEG devices. This represents a significant step on the path towards OPMs becoming the sensor of choice for MEG measurement. △ Less

Submitted 3 September, 2025; originally announced September 2025.

Comments: 31 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to Imaging Neuroscience

Improving the atomic modelling for solar UV radiative transfer calculations

Authors: R. P. Dufresne, G. Del Zanna, C. M. J. Osborne

Abstract: Radiative transfer calculations have been produced over the years for many lines and continua in the UV wavelength range of solar and cool stellar atmospheres for a variety of conditions. Despite significant improvements in computing power and availability of atomic data over time, atomic models are often still limited in size and rely on approximations for data. There have also been inconsistenci… ▽ More Radiative transfer calculations have been produced over the years for many lines and continua in the UV wavelength range of solar and cool stellar atmospheres for a variety of conditions. Despite significant improvements in computing power and availability of atomic data over time, atomic models are often still limited in size and rely on approximations for data. There have also been inconsistencies in the way photo-ionisation and radiative recombination have been treated. Here, we incorporate into the Lightweaver radiative transfer code new data and updated modelling of atomic processes for the low charge states of C, Si and S. Data are taken from the CHIANTI database and other widely-available sources for the relevant elements. We show the significant impact this has on the UV continua in the 1100-1700Å region, especially for Si. The results are in much better agreement with averaged, quiet Sun observations, and remove the need to invoke "missing opacity" to resolve discrepancies. The present treatment has important implications for radiative transfer calculations and the model atmospheres used as inputs. △ Less

Submitted 8 August, 2025; originally announced August 2025.

Comments: 15 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables, accepted in MNRAS

The Muon Collider

Authors: Carlotta Accettura, Simon Adrian, Rohit Agarwal, Claudia Ahdida, Chiara Aime', Avni Aksoy, Gian Luigi Alberghi, Siobhan Alden, Luca Alfonso, Muhammad Ali, Anna Rita Altamura, Nicola Amapane, Kathleen Amm, David Amorim, Paolo Andreetto, Fabio Anulli, Ludovica Aperio Bella, Rob Appleby, Artur Apresyan, Pouya Asadi, Mohammed Attia Mahmoud, Bernhard Auchmann, John Back, Anthony Badea, Kyu Jung Bae , et al. (433 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Muons offer a unique opportunity to build a compact high-energy electroweak collider at the 10 TeV scale. A Muon Collider enables direct access to the underlying simplicity of the Standard Model and unparalleled reach beyond it. It will be a paradigm-shifting tool for particle physics representing the first collider to combine the high-energy reach of a proton collider and the high precision of an… ▽ More Muons offer a unique opportunity to build a compact high-energy electroweak collider at the 10 TeV scale. A Muon Collider enables direct access to the underlying simplicity of the Standard Model and unparalleled reach beyond it. It will be a paradigm-shifting tool for particle physics representing the first collider to combine the high-energy reach of a proton collider and the high precision of an electron-positron collider, yielding a physics potential significantly greater than the sum of its individual parts. A high-energy muon collider is the natural next step in the exploration of fundamental physics after the HL-LHC and a natural complement to a future low-energy Higgs factory. Such a facility would significantly broaden the scope of particle colliders, engaging the many frontiers of the high energy community. The last European Strategy for Particle Physics Update and later the Particle Physics Project Prioritisation Panel in the US requested a study of the muon collider, which is being carried on by the International Muon Collider Collaboration. In this comprehensive document we present the physics case, the state of the work on accelerator design and technology, and propose an R\&D project that can make the muon collider a reality. △ Less

Submitted 30 April, 2025; originally announced April 2025.

Comments: 406 pages, supplementary report to the European Strategy for Particle Physics - 2026 update

LEP3: A High-Luminosity e+e- Higgs and ElectroweakFactory in the LHC Tunnel

Authors: C. Anastopoulos, R. Assmann, A. Ball, O. Bruning, O. Buchmueller, T. Camporesi, P. Collier, J Dainton, G. Davies, J. R. Ellis, B. Goddard, L. Gouskos, M. Klute, M. Koratzinos, G. Landsberg, K. Long, L. Malgeri, F. Maltoni, F. Moortgat, C. Mariotti, S. Myers, J. A. Osborne, M. Pierini, D. R. Tovey, D. Treille , et al. (3 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: As stated in the 2019 European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP), it is of the utmost importance that the HL-LHC upgrade of the accelerator and the experiments be successfully completed in a timely manner. All necessary efforts should be devoted to achieving this goal. We also recall two of the principal recommendations of the 2019 ESPP for future accelerator initiatives, namely that 1) An elec… ▽ More As stated in the 2019 European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP), it is of the utmost importance that the HL-LHC upgrade of the accelerator and the experiments be successfully completed in a timely manner. All necessary efforts should be devoted to achieving this goal. We also recall two of the principal recommendations of the 2019 ESPP for future accelerator initiatives, namely that 1) An electron-positron Higgs factory is the highest priority for the next collider (Rec. c). 2) Europe, together with its international partners, should investigate the technical and financial feasibility of a future hadron collider at CERN with a centre-of-mass energy of at least 100 TeV and with an electron-positron Higgs and electroweak factory as a possible first stage (Rec. e). A major objective in particle physics is always to operate an accelerator that allows a leap of an order of magnitude in the constituent centre-of-mass energy with respect to the previous one. We support FCC-ee and FCC-hh as the preferred option for CERN future, as it addresses both of the above recommendations. The guidance for the 2025 ESPP requests, in addition to the preferred option, the inclusion of ``prioritised alternatives to be pursued if the chosen preferred option turns out not to be feasible or competitive''. Proposed alternatives to the preferred FCC option include linear, muon colliders and LHeC accelerators. In response to this request we propose reusing the existing LHC tunnel for an electron-positron collider, called LEP3, as a back-up alternative if the FCC cannot proceed. LEP3 leverages much of the R\&D conducted for FCC-ee, offers high-precision studies of Z, W, and Higgs bosons below the tt threshold, and offers potential physics performance comparable or superior to other fallback options at a lower cost while supporting continued R\&D towards a next-generation energy frontier machine. △ Less

Submitted 4 November, 2025; v1 submitted 1 April, 2025; originally announced April 2025.

Comments: 11 pages, 3 tables

The Compact Linear e$^+$e$^-$ Collider (CLIC)

Authors: Erik Adli, Gerardo D'Auria, Nuria Catalan Lasheras, Vera Cilento, Roberto Corsini, Dominik Dannheim, Steffen Doebert, Mick Draper, Angeles Faus-Golfe, Edward Fraser Mactavish, Alexej Grudiev, Andrea Latina, Lucie Linssen, John Andrew Osborne, Yannis Papaphilippou, Philipp Roloff, Aidan Robson, Carlo Rossi, Andre Sailer, Daniel Schulte, Eva Sicking, Steinar Stapnes, Igor Syratchev, Rogelio Tomas Garcia, Walter Wuensch

Abstract: The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear e$^+$e$^-$ collider studied by the international CLIC and CLICdp collaborations. CLIC uses a two-beam acceleration scheme, in which normal-conducting high-gradient 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current drive beam. CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages. The initial 380 GeV stage, with a si… ▽ More The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear e$^+$e$^-$ collider studied by the international CLIC and CLICdp collaborations. CLIC uses a two-beam acceleration scheme, in which normal-conducting high-gradient 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current drive beam. CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages. The initial 380 GeV stage, with a site length of 11 km, optimally combines the exploration of Higgs and top-quark physics, including a top threshold scan near 350 GeV. A higher-energy stage, still using the initial single drive-beam complex, can be optimised for any energy up to 2 TeV. Parameters are presented in detail for a 1.5 TeV stage, with a site length of 29 km. Since the 2018 ESPPU reporting, significant effort was invested in CLIC accelerator optimisation, technology developments and system tests, including collaboration with new-generation light sources and free-electron lasers. CLIC implementation aspects at CERN have covered detailed studies of civil engineering, electrical networks, cooling and ventilation, scheduling, and costing. The CLIC baseline at 380 GeV is now 100 Hz operation, with a luminosity of 4.5$\times 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ and a power consumption of 166 MW. Compared to the 2018 design, this gives three times higher luminosity-per-power. The new baseline has two beam-delivery systems, allowing for two detectors operating in parallel. The cost estimate of the 380 GeV baseline is approximately 7.2 billion CHF. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start as early as ~2034/35 with first beams following a decade later. This report summarises the CLIC project, its implementation and running scenarios, with emphasis on new developments and recent progress. It concludes with an update on the CLIC detector studies and on the physics potential in light of the improved accelerator performance. △ Less

Submitted 3 September, 2025; v1 submitted 31 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

The Linear Collider Facility (LCF) at CERN

Authors: H. Abramowicz, E. Adli, F. Alharthi, M. Almanza-Soto, M. M. Altakach, S. Ampudia Castelazo, D. Angal-Kalinin, J. A. Anguiano, R. B. Appleby, O. Apsimon, A. Arbey, O. Arquero, D. Attié, J. L. Avila-Jimenez, H. Baer, Y. Bai, C. Balazs, P. Bambade, T. Barklow, J. Baudot, P. Bechtle, T. Behnke, A. B. Bellerive, S. Belomestnykh, Y. Benhammou , et al. (386 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: In this paper we outline a proposal for a Linear Collider Facility as the next flagship project for CERN. It offers the opportunity for a timely, cost-effective and staged construction of a new collider that will be able to comprehensively map the Higgs boson's properties, including the Higgs field potential, thanks to a large span in centre-of-mass energies and polarised beams. A comprehensive pr… ▽ More In this paper we outline a proposal for a Linear Collider Facility as the next flagship project for CERN. It offers the opportunity for a timely, cost-effective and staged construction of a new collider that will be able to comprehensively map the Higgs boson's properties, including the Higgs field potential, thanks to a large span in centre-of-mass energies and polarised beams. A comprehensive programme to study the Higgs boson and its closest relatives with high precision requires data at centre-of-mass energies from the Z pole to at least 1 TeV. It should include measurements of the Higgs boson in both major production mechanisms, ee -> ZH and ee -> vvH, precision measurements of gauge boson interactions as well as of the W boson, Higgs boson and top-quark masses, measurement of the top-quark Yukawa coupling through ee ->ttH, measurement of the Higgs boson self-coupling through HH production, and precision measurements of the electroweak couplings of the top quark. In addition, ee collisions offer discovery potential for new particles complementary to HL-LHC. △ Less

Submitted 19 June, 2025; v1 submitted 31 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

Comments: Submission to the ESPPU, as updated version May 26

Report number: DESY-25-054

HALHF: a hybrid, asymmetric, linear Higgs factory using plasma- and RF-based acceleration. Backup Document

Authors: Erik Adli, Joshua Appleby, Timothy L. Barklow, Marica Biagini, Jonas Björklund Svensson, Mikael Berggren, Simone Bettoni, Stewart Boogert, Philip Burrows, Allen Caldwell, Jian Bin Ben Chen, Vera Cilento, Laura Corner, Richard D'Arcy, Steffen Doebert, Wang Dou, Pierre Drobniak, Calvin Dyson, Sinead Farrington, John Farmer, Angeles Faus-Golfe, Manuel Formela, Arianne Formenti, Louis Forrester, Brian Foster , et al. (37 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This document expands on the Comprehensive Summary submitted to the EPPSU 2026. It contains details on aspects of the HALHF project that could not be fitted into the Summary. Some sections contain work that is still preliminary and/or status reports on current progress. This document expands on the Comprehensive Summary submitted to the EPPSU 2026. It contains details on aspects of the HALHF project that could not be fitted into the Summary. Some sections contain work that is still preliminary and/or status reports on current progress. △ Less

Submitted 30 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

Comments: Submitted to the European Particle Physics Strategy Update 2026

A Linear Collider Vision for the Future of Particle Physics

Authors: H. Abramowicz, E. Adli, F. Alharthi, M. Almanza-Soto, M. M. Altakach, W. Altmannshofer, S. Ampudia Castelazo, D. Angal-Kalinin, J. A. Anguiano, R. B. Appleby, O. Apsimon, A. Arbey, F. Arco, O. Arquero, A. Aryshev, S. Asai, D. Attie, J. L. Avila-Jimenez, H. Baer, J. A. Bagger, Y. Bai, I. R. Bailey, C. Balazs, P. Bambade, T. Barklow , et al. (426 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: In this paper we review the physics opportunities at linear $e^+e^-$ colliders with a special focus on high centre-of-mass energies and beam polarisation, take a fresh look at the various accelerator technologies available or under development and, for the first time, discuss how a facility first equipped with a technology mature today could be upgraded with technologies of tomorrow to reach much… ▽ More In this paper we review the physics opportunities at linear $e^+e^-$ colliders with a special focus on high centre-of-mass energies and beam polarisation, take a fresh look at the various accelerator technologies available or under development and, for the first time, discuss how a facility first equipped with a technology mature today could be upgraded with technologies of tomorrow to reach much higher energies and/or luminosities. In addition, we will discuss detectors and alternative collider modes, as well as opportunities for beyond-collider experiments and R\&D facilities as part of a linear collider facility (LCF). The material of this paper will support all plans for $e^+e^-$ linear colliders and additional opportunities they offer, independently of technology choice or proposed site, as well as R\&D for advanced accelerator technologies. This joint perspective on the physics goals, early technologies and upgrade strategies has been developed by the LCVision team based on an initial discussion at LCWS2024 in Tokyo and a follow-up at the LCVision Community Event at CERN in January 2025. It heavily builds on decades of achievements of the global linear collider community, in particular in the context of CLIC and ILC. △ Less

Submitted 23 December, 2025; v1 submitted 25 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

Comments: Community document for EPPSU, major updates of several sections, in particular the global interpretation section

HALHF: a hybrid, asymmetric, linear Higgs factory using plasma- and RF-based acceleration

Authors: Erik Adli, Joshua Appleby, Timothy L. Barklow, Marica Biagini, Jonas Björklund Svensson, Mikael Berggren, Simone Bettoni, Stewart Boogert, Philip Burrows, Allen Caldwell, Jian Bin Ben Chen, Vera Cilento, Laura Corner, Richard D'Arcy, Steffen Doebert, Wang Dou, Pierre Drobniak, Calvin Dyson, Sinead Farrington, John Farmer, Angeles Faus-Golfe, Manuel Formela, Arianne Formenti, Louis Forrester, Brian Foster , et al. (37 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: HALHF is a hybrid linear collider that uses electron-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration to accelerate electrons to high energy while using radio-frequency cavity technology to accelerate positrons. The most cost-effective solution collides low-energy positrons with high-energy electrons, producing a boost to the final state in the electron direction with $γ= 1.67$. The current HALHF baseline des… ▽ More HALHF is a hybrid linear collider that uses electron-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration to accelerate electrons to high energy while using radio-frequency cavity technology to accelerate positrons. The most cost-effective solution collides low-energy positrons with high-energy electrons, producing a boost to the final state in the electron direction with $γ= 1.67$. The current HALHF baseline design produces a luminosity comparable to that of the baseline ILC but with a greatly reduced construction and carbon footprint and hence much lower cost than the mature linear-collider designs ILC and CLIC. Costs for HALHF are evaluated, together with that for the approximate 15-year R\&D programme necessary to realise HALHF. Time scales and cost for the R\&D are estimated. Upgrade paths for HALHF technology from a 250~GeV Higgs factory, through 380 and 550~GeV, up to 10~TeV are sketched. △ Less

Submitted 30 March, 2025; v1 submitted 25 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

Comments: Submitted to the European Strategy for Particle Physics, 2026 Update

MuCol Milestone Report No. 5: Preliminary Parameters

Authors: Carlotta Accettura, Simon Adrian, Rohit Agarwal, Claudia Ahdida, Chiara Aimé, Avni Aksoy, Gian Luigi Alberghi, Siobhan Alden, Luca Alfonso, Nicola Amapane, David Amorim, Paolo Andreetto, Fabio Anulli, Rob Appleby, Artur Apresyan, Pouya Asadi, Mohammed Attia Mahmoud, Bernhard Auchmann, John Back, Anthony Badea, Kyu Jung Bae, E. J. Bahng, Lorenzo Balconi, Fabrice Balli, Laura Bandiera , et al. (369 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This document is comprised of a collection of updated preliminary parameters for the key parts of the muon collider. The updated preliminary parameters follow on from the October 2023 Tentative Parameters Report. Particular attention has been given to regions of the facility that are believed to hold greater technical uncertainty in their design and that have a strong impact on the cost and power… ▽ More This document is comprised of a collection of updated preliminary parameters for the key parts of the muon collider. The updated preliminary parameters follow on from the October 2023 Tentative Parameters Report. Particular attention has been given to regions of the facility that are believed to hold greater technical uncertainty in their design and that have a strong impact on the cost and power consumption of the facility. The data is collected from a collaborative spreadsheet and transferred to overleaf. △ Less

Submitted 5 November, 2024; originally announced November 2024.

Determining sensor geometry and gain in a wearable MEG system

Authors: Ryan M. Hill, Gonzalo Reina Rivero, Ashley J. Tyler, Holly Schofield, Cody Doyle, James Osborne, David Bobela, Lukas Rier, Joseph Gibson, Zoe Tanner, Elena Boto, Richard Bowtell, Matthew J. Brookes, Vishal Shah, Niall Holmes

Abstract: Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are compact and lightweight sensors that can measure magnetic fields generated by current flow in neuronal assemblies in the brain. Such sensors enable construction of magnetoencephalography (MEG) instrumentation, with significant advantages over conventional MEG devices including adaptability to head size, enhanced movement tolerance, lower complexity and imp… ▽ More Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are compact and lightweight sensors that can measure magnetic fields generated by current flow in neuronal assemblies in the brain. Such sensors enable construction of magnetoencephalography (MEG) instrumentation, with significant advantages over conventional MEG devices including adaptability to head size, enhanced movement tolerance, lower complexity and improved data quality. However, realising the potential of OPMs depends on our ability to perform system calibration, which means finding sensor locations, orientations, and the relationship between the sensor output and magnetic field (termed sensor gain). Such calibration is complex in OPMMEG since, for example, OPM placement can change from subject to subject (unlike in conventional MEG where sensor locations or orientations are fixed). Here, we present two methods for calibration, both based on generating well-characterised magnetic fields across a sensor array. Our first device (the HALO) is a head mounted system that generates dipole like fields from a set of coils. Our second (the matrix coil (MC)) generates fields using coils embedded in the walls of a magnetically shielded room. Our results show that both methods offer an accurate means to calibrate an OPM array (e.g. sensor locations within 2 mm of the ground truth) and that the calibrations produced by the two methods agree strongly with each other. When applied to data from human MEG experiments, both methods offer improved signal to noise ratio after beamforming suggesting that they give calibration parameters closer to the ground truth than factory settings and presumed physical sensor coordinates and orientations. Both techniques are practical and easy to integrate into real world MEG applications. This advances the field significantly closer to the routine use of OPMs for MEG recording. △ Less

Submitted 11 October, 2024; originally announced October 2024.

Comments: 36 pages, 10 figures

Interim report for the International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC)

Authors: C. Accettura, S. Adrian, R. Agarwal, C. Ahdida, C. Aimé, A. Aksoy, G. L. Alberghi, S. Alden, N. Amapane, D. Amorim, P. Andreetto, F. Anulli, R. Appleby, A. Apresyan, P. Asadi, M. Attia Mahmoud, B. Auchmann, J. Back, A. Badea, K. J. Bae, E. J. Bahng, L. Balconi, F. Balli, L. Bandiera, C. Barbagallo , et al. (362 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) [1] was established in 2020 following the recommendations of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP) and the implementation of the European Strategy for Particle Physics-Accelerator R&D Roadmap by the Laboratory Directors Group [2], hereinafter referred to as the the European LDG roadmap. The Muon Collider Study (MuC) covers the accele… ▽ More The International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) [1] was established in 2020 following the recommendations of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP) and the implementation of the European Strategy for Particle Physics-Accelerator R&D Roadmap by the Laboratory Directors Group [2], hereinafter referred to as the the European LDG roadmap. The Muon Collider Study (MuC) covers the accelerator complex, detectors and physics for a future muon collider. In 2023, European Commission support was obtained for a design study of a muon collider (MuCol) [3]. This project started on 1st March 2023, with work-packages aligned with the overall muon collider studies. In preparation of and during the 2021-22 U.S. Snowmass process, the muon collider project parameters, technical studies and physics performance studies were performed and presented in great detail. Recently, the P5 panel [4] in the U.S. recommended a muon collider R&D, proposed to join the IMCC and envisages that the U.S. should prepare to host a muon collider, calling this their "muon shot". In the past, the U.S. Muon Accelerator Programme (MAP) [5] has been instrumental in studies of concepts and technologies for a muon collider. △ Less

Submitted 28 January, 2025; v1 submitted 17 July, 2024; originally announced July 2024.

Comments: This document summarises the International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) progress and status of the Muon Collider R&D programme

An impulsive geomagnetic effect from an early-impulsive flare

Authors: Hugh S. Hudson, Edward. W. Cliver, Lyndsay Fletcher, Declan A. Diver, Peter T. Gallagher, Ying Li, Christopher M. J. Osborne, Craig Stark, Yang Su

Abstract: The geomagnetic "solar flare effect" (SFE) results from excess ionization in the Earth's ionosphere, famously first detected at the time of the Carrington flare in 1859. This indirect detection of a flare constituted one of the first cases of "multimessenger astronomy," whereby solar ionizing radiation stimulates ionospheric currents. Well-observed SFEs have few-minute time scales and perturbation… ▽ More The geomagnetic "solar flare effect" (SFE) results from excess ionization in the Earth's ionosphere, famously first detected at the time of the Carrington flare in 1859. This indirect detection of a flare constituted one of the first cases of "multimessenger astronomy," whereby solar ionizing radiation stimulates ionospheric currents. Well-observed SFEs have few-minute time scales and perturbations of >10 nT, with the greatest events reaching above 100 nT. In previously reported cases the SFE time profiles tend to resemble those of solar soft X-ray emission, which ionizes the D-region; there is also a less-well-studied contribution from Lyman-alpha. We report here a specific case, from flare SOL2024-03-10 (M7.4), in which an impulsive SFE deviated from this pattern. This flare contained an "early impulsive" component of exceptionally hard radiation, extending up to gamma-ray energies above 1 MeV, distinctly before the bulk of the flare soft X-ray emission. We can characterize the spectral distribution of this early-impulsive component in detail, thanks to the modern extensive wavelength coverage. A more typical gradual SFE occurred during the flare's main phase. We suggest that events of this type warrant exploration of the solar physics in the "impulse response" limit of very short time scales. △ Less

Submitted 12 July, 2024; originally announced July 2024.

Comments: MNRAS to be published

Model-free reinforcement learning with noisy actions for automated experimental control in optics

Authors: Lea Richtmann, Viktoria-S. Schmiesing, Dennis Wilken, Jan Heine, Aaron Tranter, Avishek Anand, Tobias J. Osborne, Michèle Heurs

Abstract: Setting up and controlling optical systems is often a challenging and tedious task. The high number of degrees of freedom to control mirrors, lenses, or phases of light makes automatic control challenging, especially when the complexity of the system cannot be adequately modeled due to noise or non-linearities. Here, we show that reinforcement learning (RL) can overcome these challenges when coupl… ▽ More Setting up and controlling optical systems is often a challenging and tedious task. The high number of degrees of freedom to control mirrors, lenses, or phases of light makes automatic control challenging, especially when the complexity of the system cannot be adequately modeled due to noise or non-linearities. Here, we show that reinforcement learning (RL) can overcome these challenges when coupling laser light into an optical fiber, using a model-free RL approach that trains directly on the experiment without pre-training on simulations. By utilizing the sample-efficient algorithms Soft Actor-Critic (SAC), Truncated Quantile Critics (TQC), or CrossQ, our agents learn to couple with 90% efficiency. A human expert reaches this efficiency, but the RL agents are quicker. In particular, the CrossQ agent outperforms the other agents in coupling speed while requiring only half the training time. We demonstrate that direct training on an experiment can replace extensive system modeling. Our result exemplifies RL's potential to tackle problems in optics, paving the way for more complex applications where full noise modeling is not feasible. △ Less

Submitted 17 August, 2025; v1 submitted 24 May, 2024; originally announced May 2024.

Comments: 10 pages + 12 pages appendices, 2 + 12 figures

ACM Class: J.2; I.2.1

The FASER Detector

Authors: FASER Collaboration, Henso Abreu, Elham Amin Mansour, Claire Antel, Akitaka Ariga, Tomoko Ariga, Florian Bernlochner, Tobias Boeckh, Jamie Boyd, Lydia Brenner, Franck Cadoux, David W. Casper, Charlotte Cavanagh, Xin Chen, Andrea Coccaro, Olivier Crespo-Lopez, Stephane Debieux, Monica D'Onofrio, Liam Dougherty, Candan Dozen, Abdallah Ezzat, Yannick Favre, Deion Fellers, Jonathan L. Feng, Didier Ferrere , et al. (72 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: FASER, the ForwArd Search ExpeRiment, is an experiment dedicated to searching for light, extremely weakly-interacting particles at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Such particles may be produced in the very forward direction of the LHC's high-energy collisions and then decay to visible particles inside the FASER detector, which is placed 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point, aligned… ▽ More FASER, the ForwArd Search ExpeRiment, is an experiment dedicated to searching for light, extremely weakly-interacting particles at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Such particles may be produced in the very forward direction of the LHC's high-energy collisions and then decay to visible particles inside the FASER detector, which is placed 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point, aligned with the beam collisions axis. FASER also includes a sub-detector, FASER$ν$, designed to detect neutrinos produced in the LHC collisions and to study their properties. In this paper, each component of the FASER detector is described in detail, as well as the installation of the experiment system and its commissioning using cosmic-rays collected in September 2021 and during the LHC pilot beam test carried out in October 2021. FASER will start taking LHC collision data in 2022, and will run throughout LHC Run 3. △ Less

Submitted 23 July, 2022; originally announced July 2022.

Comments: 92 pages, 72 Figures

Report number: CERN-FASER-2022-001

Journal ref: JINST 19 (2024) P05066

An Energy Recovery Linac for the LHeC

Authors: S. Alex Bogacz, Bernhard J. Holzer, John A. Osborne

Abstract: The LHeC provides an intense, high energy electron beam to collide with the LHC. It represents the highest energy application of energy recovery linac (ERL) technology which is increasingly recognized as one of the major pilot technologies for the development of particle physics because it utilizes and stimulates superconducting RF technology progress, and it increases intensity while keeping the… ▽ More The LHeC provides an intense, high energy electron beam to collide with the LHC. It represents the highest energy application of energy recovery linac (ERL) technology which is increasingly recognized as one of the major pilot technologies for the development of particle physics because it utilizes and stimulates superconducting RF technology progress, and it increases intensity while keeping the power consumption low. The LHeC instantaneous luminosity is determined through the integrated luminosity goal. The electron beam energy is chosen to achieve TeV cms collision energy and enable competitive searches and precision Higgs boson measurements. The wall-plug power has been constrained to 100 MW. Two super-conducting linacs of about 900 m length, which are placed opposite to each other, accelerate the passing electrons by 8.3 GeV each. This leads to a final electron beam energy of about 50 GeV in a 3-turn racetrack energy recovery linac configuration. △ Less

Submitted 15 June, 2022; originally announced June 2022.

Comments: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2007.14491

Study of alternative locations for the SPS Beam Dump Facility

Authors: Oliver Aberle, Claudia Ahdida, Pablo Arrutia, Kincso Balazs, Johannes Bernhard, Markus Brugger, Marco Calviani, Yann Dutheil, Rui Franqueira Ximenes, Matthew Fraser, Frederic Galleazzi, Simone Gilardoni, Jean-Louis Grenard, Tina Griesemer, Richard Jacobsson, Verena Kain, Damien Lafarge, Simon Marsh, Jose Maria Martin Ruiz, Ramiro Francisco Mena Andrade, Yvon Muttoni, Angel Navascues Cornago, Pierre Ninin, John Osborne, Rebecca Ramjiawan , et al. (4 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: As part of the main focus of the BDF Working Group in 2021, this document reports on the study of alternative locations and possible optimisation that may accompany the reuse of existing facilities with the aim of significantly reducing the costs of the facility. Building on the BDF/SHiP Comprehensive Design Study (CDS), the assessment rests on the generic requirements and constraints that allow p… ▽ More As part of the main focus of the BDF Working Group in 2021, this document reports on the study of alternative locations and possible optimisation that may accompany the reuse of existing facilities with the aim of significantly reducing the costs of the facility. Building on the BDF/SHiP Comprehensive Design Study (CDS), the assessment rests on the generic requirements and constraints that allow preserving the physics reach of the facility by making use of the $4\times 10^{19}$ protons per year at 400\,GeV that are currently not exploited at the SPS and for which no existing facility is compatible. The options considered involve the underground areas TCC4, TNC, and ECN3. Recent improvements of the BDF design at the current location (referred to as `TT90-TCC9-ECN4') are also mentioned together with ideas for yet further improvements. The assessments of the alternative locations compiled the large amount of information that is already available together with a set of conceptual studies that were performed during 2021. The document concludes with a qualitative comparison of the options, summarising the associated benefits and challenges of each option, such that a recommendation can be made about which location is to be pursued. The most critical location-specific studies required to specify the implementation and cost for each option are identified so that the detailed investigation of the retained option can be completed before the end of 2022. △ Less

Submitted 7 April, 2022; originally announced April 2022.

Report number: CERN-SPSC-2022-009

The CLIC project

Authors: O. Brunner, P. N. Burrows, S. Calatroni, N. Catalan Lasheras, R. Corsini, G. D'Auria, S. Doebert, A. Faus-Golfe, A. Grudiev, A. Latina, T. Lefevre, G. Mcmonagle, J. Osborne, Y. Papaphilippou, A. Robson, C. Rossi, R. Ruber, D. Schulte, S. Stapnes, I. Syratchev, W. Wuensch

Abstract: The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a multi-TeV high-luminosity linear e$^+$e$^-$-collider under development by the CLIC accelerator collaboration, hosted by CERN. The CLIC accelerator has been optimised for three energy stages at centre-of-mass energies 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV. CLIC uses a novel two-beam acceleration technique, with normal-conducting accelerating structures operating in the… ▽ More The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a multi-TeV high-luminosity linear e$^+$e$^-$-collider under development by the CLIC accelerator collaboration, hosted by CERN. The CLIC accelerator has been optimised for three energy stages at centre-of-mass energies 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV. CLIC uses a novel two-beam acceleration technique, with normal-conducting accelerating structures operating in the range of 70-100 MV/m. The report describes recent achievements in accelerator design, technology development and prototyping, system tests and beam tests. Large-scale CLIC-specific beam tests have taken place, for example, at the CLIC Test Facility CTF3 at CERN, at the Accelerator Test Facility ATF2 at KEK, at the FACET facility at SLAC and at the FERMI facility in Trieste. Together, they demonstrate that all implications of the CLIC design parameters are well understood and reproducible in beam tests and prove that the CLIC performance goals are realistic. The implementation of CLIC near CERN has been investigated. Focusing on a staged approach starting at 380 GeV, this includes civil engineering aspects, electrical networks, cooling and ventilation and installation scheduling, transport. All CLIC studies have put emphasis on optimising cost and energy efficiency, and the resulting power and cost estimates are reported. The report follows very closely the accelerator project description in the CLIC Summary Report for the European Particle Physics Strategy update 2018-19. Detailed studies of the physics potential and detector for CLIC, and R&D on detector technologies, have been carried out by the CLIC detector and physics (CLICdp) collaboration. CLIC provides excellent sensitivity to Beyond Standard Model physics, through direct searches and via a broad set of precision measurements of Standard Model processes, particularly in the Higgs and top-quark sectors. △ Less

Submitted 18 April, 2022; v1 submitted 17 March, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Comments: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1812.06018, arXiv:1903.08655

The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC

Authors: Jonathan L. Feng, Felix Kling, Mary Hall Reno, Juan Rojo, Dennis Soldin, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Jamie Boyd, Ahmed Ismail, Lucian Harland-Lang, Kevin J. Kelly, Vishvas Pandey, Sebastian Trojanowski, Yu-Dai Tsai, Jean-Marco Alameddine, Takeshi Araki, Akitaka Ariga, Tomoko Ariga, Kento Asai, Alessandro Bacchetta, Kincso Balazs, Alan J. Barr, Michele Battistin, Jianming Bian, Caterina Bertone, Weidong Bai , et al. (211 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located several hundred meters from the ATLAS interaction point and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe Standard Mod… ▽ More High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located several hundred meters from the ATLAS interaction point and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe Standard Model (SM) processes and search for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). In this report, we review the status of the civil engineering plans and the experiments to explore the diverse physics signals that can be uniquely probed in the forward region. FPF experiments will be sensitive to a broad range of BSM physics through searches for new particle scattering or decay signatures and deviations from SM expectations in high statistics analyses with TeV neutrinos in this low-background environment. High statistics neutrino detection will also provide valuable data for fundamental topics in perturbative and non-perturbative QCD and in weak interactions. Experiments at the FPF will enable synergies between forward particle production at the LHC and astroparticle physics to be exploited. We report here on these physics topics, on infrastructure, detector, and simulation studies, and on future directions to realize the FPF's physics potential. △ Less

Submitted 9 March, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Comments: 429 pages, contribution to Snowmass 2021

Report number: UCI-TR-2022-01, CERN-PBC-Notes-2022-001, FERMILAB-PUB-22-094-ND-SCD-T, INT-PUB-22-006, BONN-TH-2022-04

The Forward Physics Facility: Sites, Experiments, and Physics Potential

Authors: Luis A. Anchordoqui, Akitaka Ariga, Tomoko Ariga, Weidong Bai, Kincso Balazs, Brian Batell, Jamie Boyd, Joseph Bramante, Mario Campanelli, Adrian Carmona, Francesco G. Celiberto, Grigorios Chachamis, Matthew Citron, Giovanni De Lellis, Albert De Roeck, Hans Dembinski, Peter B. Denton, Antonia Di Crecsenzo, Milind V. Diwan, Liam Dougherty, Herbi K. Dreiner, Yong Du, Rikard Enberg, Yasaman Farzan, Jonathan L. Feng , et al. (56 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposal to create a cavern with the space and infrastructure to support a suite of far-forward experiments at the Large Hadron Collider during the High Luminosity era. Located along the beam collision axis and shielded from the interaction point by at least 100 m of concrete and rock, the FPF will house experiments that will detect particles outside the acc… ▽ More The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposal to create a cavern with the space and infrastructure to support a suite of far-forward experiments at the Large Hadron Collider during the High Luminosity era. Located along the beam collision axis and shielded from the interaction point by at least 100 m of concrete and rock, the FPF will house experiments that will detect particles outside the acceptance of the existing large LHC experiments and will observe rare and exotic processes in an extremely low-background environment. In this work, we summarize the current status of plans for the FPF, including recent progress in civil engineering in identifying promising sites for the FPF and the experiments currently envisioned to realize the FPF's physics potential. We then review the many Standard Model and new physics topics that will be advanced by the FPF, including searches for long-lived particles, probes of dark matter and dark sectors, high-statistics studies of TeV neutrinos of all three flavors, aspects of perturbative and non-perturbative QCD, and high-energy astroparticle physics. △ Less

Submitted 25 May, 2022; v1 submitted 22 September, 2021; originally announced September 2021.

Comments: revised version, accepted by Physics Reports

Report number: BNL-222142-2021-FORE, CERN-PBC-Notes-2021-025, DESY-21-142, FERMILAB-CONF-21-452-AE-E-ND-PPD-T, KYUSHU-RCAPP-2021-01, LU TP 21-36, PITT-PACC-2118, SMU-HEP-21-10, UCI-TR-2021-22

Journal ref: Phys. Rept. 968 (2022), 1-50

Are there radio-loud and radio-quiet Gamma-Ray Bursts?

Authors: Joshua Alexander Osborne, Fatemeh Bagheri, Amir Shahmoradi

Abstract: The potential existence of two separate classes of Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts (LGRBs) with and without radio afterglow emission, corresponding to radio-bright/loud and radio-dark/quiet populations, has been recently argued and favored in the GRB literature. The radio-quiet LGRBs have been found to have, on average, lower total isotropic gamma-ray emissions (Eiso) and shorter intrinsic prompt g… ▽ More The potential existence of two separate classes of Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts (LGRBs) with and without radio afterglow emission, corresponding to radio-bright/loud and radio-dark/quiet populations, has been recently argued and favored in the GRB literature. The radio-quiet LGRBs have been found to have, on average, lower total isotropic gamma-ray emissions (Eiso) and shorter intrinsic prompt gamma-ray duration (e.g., T90z). In addition, a redshift-T90z anti-correlation has been discovered among the radio-loud LGRBs, which is reportedly missing in the radio-quiet class. Here we discuss the significance of the differences between the energetics and temporal properties of the two proposed classes of radio-loud and radio-quiet LGRBs. We show that much of the proposed evidence in support of the two distinct radio populations of LGRBs can be explained away in terms of selection effects and sample incompleteness. Our arguments are based on the recent discovery of the relatively-strong highly-significant positive correlation between the total isotropic emission (Eiso) and the intrinsic prompt duration (T90z) that is present in both populations of short-hard and long-soft GRBs, predicted, quantified, and reported for the first time by Shahmoradi (2013) and Shahmoradi and Nemiroff (2015). △ Less

Submitted 17 October, 2020; originally announced October 2020.

How unbiased statistical methods lead to biased scientific discoveries: A case study of the Efron-Petrosian statistic applied to the luminosity-redshift evolution of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Authors: Christopher Bryant, Joshua Alexander Osborne, Amir Shahmoradi

Abstract: Statistical methods are frequently built upon assumptions that limit their applicability to certain problems and conditions. Failure to recognize these limitations can lead to conclusions that may be inaccurate or biased. An example of such methods is the non-parametric Efron-Petrosian test statistic used in the studies of truncated data. We argue and show how the inappropriate use of this statist… ▽ More Statistical methods are frequently built upon assumptions that limit their applicability to certain problems and conditions. Failure to recognize these limitations can lead to conclusions that may be inaccurate or biased. An example of such methods is the non-parametric Efron-Petrosian test statistic used in the studies of truncated data. We argue and show how the inappropriate use of this statistical method can lead to biased conclusions when the assumptions under which the method is valid do not hold. We do so by reinvestigating the evidence recently provided by multiple independent reports on the evolution of the luminosity/energetics distribution of cosmological Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts (LGRBs) with redshift. We show that the effects of detection threshold has been likely significantly underestimated in the majority of previous studies. This underestimation of detection threshold leads to severely-incomplete LGRB samples that exhibit strong apparent luminosity-redshift or energetics-redshift correlations. We further confirm our findings by performing extensive Monte Carlo simulations of the cosmic rates and the luminosity/energy distributions of LGRBs and their detection process. △ Less

Submitted 6 October, 2020; originally announced October 2020.

A primary electron beam facility at CERN -- eSPS Conceptual design report

Authors: M. Aicheler, T. Akesson, F. Antoniou, A. Arnalich, P. A. Arrutia Sota, P. Bettencourt Moniz Cabral, D. Bozzini, M. Brugger, O. Brunner, P. N. Burrows, R. Calaga, M. J. Capstick, R. Corsini, S. Doebert, L. A. Dougherty, Y. Dutheil, L. A. Dyks, O. Etisken, L. Evans, A. Farricker, R. Fernandez Ortega, M. A. Fraser, J. Gall, S. J. Gessner, B. Goddard , et al. (30 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The design of a primary electron beam facility at CERN is described. The study has been carried out within the framework of the wider Physics Beyond Colliders study. It re-enables the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) as an electron accelerator, and leverages the development invested in Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) technology for its injector and as an accelerator research and development infrastru… ▽ More The design of a primary electron beam facility at CERN is described. The study has been carried out within the framework of the wider Physics Beyond Colliders study. It re-enables the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) as an electron accelerator, and leverages the development invested in Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) technology for its injector and as an accelerator research and development infrastructure. The facility would be relevant for several of the key priorities in the 2020 update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, such as an electron-positron Higgs factory, accelerator R\&D, dark sector physics, and neutrino physics. In addition, it could serve experiments in nuclear physics. The electron beam delivered by this facility would provide access to light dark matter production significantly beyond the targets predicted by a thermal dark matter origin, and for natures of dark matter particles that are not accessible by direct detection experiments. It would also enable electro-nuclear measurements crucial for precise modelling the energy dependence of neutrino-nucleus interactions, which is needed to precisely measure neutrino oscillations as a function of energy. The implementation of the facility is the natural next step in the development of X-band high-gradient acceleration technology, a key technology for compact and cost-effective electron/positron linacs. It would also become the only facility with multi-GeV drive bunches and truly independent electron witness bunches for plasma wakefield acceleration. A second phase capable to deliver positron witness bunches would make it a complete facility for plasma wakefield collider studies. [...] △ Less

Submitted 21 December, 2020; v1 submitted 15 September, 2020; originally announced September 2020.

A Multilevel Empirical Bayesian Approach to Estimating the Unknown Redshifts of 1366 BATSE Catalog Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts

Authors: Joshua A. Osborne, Amir Shahmoradi, Robert J. Nemiroff

Abstract: We present a catalog of the probabilistic redshift estimates and for 1366 individual Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts (LGRBs) detected by the Burst And Transient Source Experiment (BATSE). This result is based on a careful selection and modeling of the population distribution of 1366 BATSE LGRBs in the 5-dimensional space of redshift and the four intrinsic prompt gamma-ray emission properties: the i… ▽ More We present a catalog of the probabilistic redshift estimates and for 1366 individual Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts (LGRBs) detected by the Burst And Transient Source Experiment (BATSE). This result is based on a careful selection and modeling of the population distribution of 1366 BATSE LGRBs in the 5-dimensional space of redshift and the four intrinsic prompt gamma-ray emission properties: the isotropic 1024ms peak luminosity, the total isotropic emission, the spectral peak energy, as well as the intrinsic duration, while carefully taking into account the effects of sample incompleteness and the LGRB-detection mechanism of BATSE. Two fundamental plausible assumptions underlie our purely-probabilistic approach: 1. LGRBs trace, either exactly or closely, the Cosmic Star Formation Rate and 2. the joint 4-dimensional distribution of the aforementioned prompt gamma-ray emission properties is well-described by a multivariate log-normal distribution. Our modeling approach enables us to constrain the redshifts of individual BATSE LGRBs to within $0.36$ and $0.96$ average uncertainty ranges at $50\%$ and $90\%$ confidence levels, respectively. Our redshift predictions are completely at odds with the previous redshift estimates of BATSE LGRBs that were computed via the proposed phenomenological high-energy relations, specifically, the apparently-strong correlation of LGRBs' peak luminosity with the spectral peak energy, lightcurve variability, and the spectral lag. The observed discrepancies between our predictions and the previous works can be explained by the strong influence of detector threshold and sample-incompleteness in shaping these phenomenologically-proposed high-energy correlations in the literature. △ Less

Submitted 1 June, 2020; originally announced June 2020.

Comments: 53 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to the Astrophysical Journal. This article is a continuation of and builds upon arXiv:1903.06989 [astro-ph.HE]

SND@LHC

Authors: SHiP Collaboration, C. Ahdida, A. Akmete, R. Albanese, A. Alexandrov, M. Andreini, A. Anokhina, S. Aoki, G. Arduini, E. Atkin, N. Azorskiy, J. J. Back, A. Bagulya, F. Baaltasar Dos Santos, A. Baranov, F. Bardou, G. J. Barker, M. Battistin, J. Bauche, A. Bay, V. Bayliss, G. Bencivenni, A. Y. Berdnikov, Y. A. Berdnikov, M. Bertani , et al. (319 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We propose to build and operate a detector that, for the first time, will measure the process $pp\toνX$ at the LHC and search for feebly interacting particles (FIPs) in an unexplored domain. The TI18 tunnel has been identified as a suitable site to perform these measurements due to very low machine-induced background. The detector will be off-axis with respect to the ATLAS interaction point (IP1)… ▽ More We propose to build and operate a detector that, for the first time, will measure the process $pp\toνX$ at the LHC and search for feebly interacting particles (FIPs) in an unexplored domain. The TI18 tunnel has been identified as a suitable site to perform these measurements due to very low machine-induced background. The detector will be off-axis with respect to the ATLAS interaction point (IP1) and, given the pseudo-rapidity range accessible, the corresponding neutrinos will mostly come from charm decays: the proposed experiment will thus make the first test of the heavy flavour production in a pseudo-rapidity range that is not accessible by the current LHC detectors. In order to efficiently reconstruct neutrino interactions and identify their flavour, the detector will combine in the target region nuclear emulsion technology with scintillating fibre tracking layers and it will adopt a muon identification system based on scintillating bars that will also play the role of a hadronic calorimeter. The time of flight measurement will be achieved thanks to a dedicated timing detector. The detector will be a small-scale prototype of the scattering and neutrino detector (SND) of the SHiP experiment: the operation of this detector will provide an important test of the neutrino reconstruction in a high occupancy environment. △ Less

Submitted 20 February, 2020; originally announced February 2020.

Comments: Letter of Intent

Report number: CERN-LHCC-2020-002, LHCC-I-035

Technical Proposal: FASERnu

Authors: FASER Collaboration, Henso Abreu, Marco Andreini, Claire Antel, Akitaka Ariga, Tomoko Ariga, Caterina Bertone, Jamie Boyd, Andy Buckley, Franck Cadoux, David W. Casper, Francesco Cerutti, Xin Chen, Andrea Coccaro, Salvatore Danzeca, Liam Dougherty, Candan Dozen, Peter B. Denton, Yannick Favre, Deion Fellers, Jonathan L. Feng, Didier Ferrere, Jonathan Gall, Iftah Galon, Stephen Gibson , et al. (47 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: FASERnu is a proposed small and inexpensive emulsion detector designed to detect collider neutrinos for the first time and study their properties. FASERnu will be located directly in front of FASER, 480 m from the ATLAS interaction point along the beam collision axis in the unused service tunnel TI12. From 2021-23 during Run 3 of the 14 TeV LHC, roughly 1,300 electron neutrinos, 20,000 muon neutri… ▽ More FASERnu is a proposed small and inexpensive emulsion detector designed to detect collider neutrinos for the first time and study their properties. FASERnu will be located directly in front of FASER, 480 m from the ATLAS interaction point along the beam collision axis in the unused service tunnel TI12. From 2021-23 during Run 3 of the 14 TeV LHC, roughly 1,300 electron neutrinos, 20,000 muon neutrinos, and 20 tau neutrinos will interact in FASERnu with TeV-scale energies. With the ability to observe these interactions, reconstruct their energies, and distinguish flavors, FASERnu will probe the production, propagation, and interactions of neutrinos at the highest human-made energies ever recorded. The FASERnu detector will be composed of 1000 emulsion layers interleaved with tungsten plates. The total volume of the emulsion and tungsten is 25cm x 25cm x 1.35m, and the tungsten target mass is 1.2 tonnes. From 2021-23, 7 sets of emulsion layers will be installed, with replacement roughly every 20-50 1/fb in planned Technical Stops. In this document, we summarize FASERnu's physics goals and discuss the estimates of neutrino flux and interaction rates. We then describe the FASERnu detector in detail, including plans for assembly, transport, installation, and emulsion replacement, and procedures for emulsion readout and analyzing the data. We close with cost estimates for the detector components and infrastructure work and a timeline for the experiment. △ Less

Submitted 9 January, 2020; originally announced January 2020.

Comments: 49 pages, 25 figures; submitted to the CERN LHCC on 28 October 2019

Report number: CERN-LHCC-2019-017, LHCC-P-015, UCI-TR-2019-25

SPS Beam Dump Facility -- Comprehensive Design Study

Authors: C. Ahdida, R. G. Alia, G. Arduini, A. Arnalich, P. Avigni, F. Bardou, M. Battistin, J. Bauche, M. Brugger, J. Busom, M. Calviani, M. Casolino, N. Colonna, L. Dougherty, Y. Dutheil, E. Fornasiere, M. A. Fraser, L. Gatignon, J. Gall, S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, J-L. Grenard, D. Grenier, C. Hessler, R. Jacobsson , et al. (23 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The proposed Beam Dump Facility (BDF) is foreseen to be located at the North Area of the SPS. It is designed to be able to serve both beam dump like and fixed target experiments. The SPS and the new facility would offer unique possibilities to enter a new era of exploration at the intensity frontier. Possible options include searches for very weakly interacting particles predicted by Hidden Sector… ▽ More The proposed Beam Dump Facility (BDF) is foreseen to be located at the North Area of the SPS. It is designed to be able to serve both beam dump like and fixed target experiments. The SPS and the new facility would offer unique possibilities to enter a new era of exploration at the intensity frontier. Possible options include searches for very weakly interacting particles predicted by Hidden Sector models, and flavour physics measurements. In the first instance, exploitation of the facility, in beam dump mode, is envisaged to be for the Search for Hidden Particle (SHiP) experiment. Following the first evaluation of the BDF in 2014-2016, CERN management launched a Comprehensive Design Study over three years for the facility. The BDF study team has since executed an in-depth feasibility study of proton delivery to target, the target complex, and the underground experimental area, including prototyping of key sub-systems and evaluations of the radiological aspects and safety. A first iteration of detailed integration and civil engineering studies have been performed in order to produce a realistic schedule and cost. This document gives a detailed overview of the proposed facility together with the results of the studies, and draws up a possible road map for a three-year Technical Design Report phase, followed by a 5 to 6 year construction phase. △ Less

Submitted 13 December, 2019; originally announced December 2019.

Comments: 589 pages

Report number: CERN-PBC-REPORT-2019-005; CERN-2020-002

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) - Project Implementation Plan

Authors: M. Aicheler, P. N. Burrows, N. Catalan, R. Corsini, M. Draper, J. Osborne, D. Schulte, S. Stapnes, M. J. Stuart

Abstract: The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $e^+e^-$ collider under development by international collaborations hosted by CERN. This document provides an overview of the design, technology, and implementation aspects of the CLIC accelerator. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass ener… ▽ More The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $e^+e^-$ collider under development by international collaborations hosted by CERN. This document provides an overview of the design, technology, and implementation aspects of the CLIC accelerator. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, for a site length ranging between 11 km and 50 km. CLIC uses a Two-Beam acceleration scheme, in which normal-conducting high-gradient 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current Drive Beam. For the first stage, an alternative with X-band klystron powering is also considered. CLIC accelerator optimisation, technical developments, and system tests have resulted insignificant progress in recent years. Moreover, this has led to an increased energy efficiency and reduced power consumption of around 170 MW for the 380 GeV stage, together with a reduced cost estimate of approximately 6 billion CHF. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start as early as 2026 and first beams would be available by 2035, marking the beginning of a physics programme spanning 25-30 years and providing excellent sensitivity to Beyond Standard Model physics, through direct searches and via a broad set of precision measurements of Standard Model processes, particularly in the Higgs and top-quark sectors. △ Less

Submitted 20 March, 2019; originally announced March 2019.

Comments: 247 p

Report number: CERN-2018-010-M

Efficient Learning for Deep Quantum Neural Networks

Authors: Kerstin Beer, Dmytro Bondarenko, Terry Farrelly, Tobias J. Osborne, Robert Salzmann, Ramona Wolf

Abstract: Neural networks enjoy widespread success in both research and industry and, with the imminent advent of quantum technology, it is now a crucial challenge to design quantum neural networks for fully quantum learning tasks. Here we propose the use of quantum neurons as a building block for quantum feed-forward neural networks capable of universal quantum computation. We describe the efficient traini… ▽ More Neural networks enjoy widespread success in both research and industry and, with the imminent advent of quantum technology, it is now a crucial challenge to design quantum neural networks for fully quantum learning tasks. Here we propose the use of quantum neurons as a building block for quantum feed-forward neural networks capable of universal quantum computation. We describe the efficient training of these networks using the fidelity as a cost function and provide both classical and efficient quantum implementations. Our method allows for fast optimisation with reduced memory requirements: the number of qudits required scales with only the width, allowing the optimisation of deep networks. We benchmark our proposal for the quantum task of learning an unknown unitary and find remarkable generalisation behaviour and a striking robustness to noisy training data. △ Less

Submitted 27 February, 2019; originally announced February 2019.

Journal ref: Nat. Commun. 11, 808 (2020)

Particle physics applications of the AWAKE acceleration scheme

Authors: A. Caldwell, J. Chappell, P. Crivelli, E. Depero, J. Gall, S. Gninenko, E. Gschwendtner, A. Hartin, F. Keeble, J. Osborne, A. Pardons, A. Petrenko, A. Scaachi, M. Wing

Abstract: The AWAKE experiment had a very successful Run 1 (2016-8), demonstrating proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration for the first time, through the observation of the modulation of a long proton bunch into micro-bunches and the acceleration of electrons up to 2 GeV in 10 m of plasma. The aims of AWAKE Run 2 (2021-4) are to have high-charge bunches of electrons accelerated to high energy, about 10… ▽ More The AWAKE experiment had a very successful Run 1 (2016-8), demonstrating proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration for the first time, through the observation of the modulation of a long proton bunch into micro-bunches and the acceleration of electrons up to 2 GeV in 10 m of plasma. The aims of AWAKE Run 2 (2021-4) are to have high-charge bunches of electrons accelerated to high energy, about 10 GeV, maintaining beam quality through the plasma and showing that the process is scalable. The AWAKE scheme is therefore a promising method to accelerate electrons to high energy over short distances and so develop a useable technology for particle physics experiments. Using proton bunches from the SPS, the acceleration of electron bunches up to about 50 GeV should be possible. Using the LHC proton bunches to drive wakefields could lead to multi-TeV electron bunches, e.g. with 3 TeV acceleration achieved in 4 km of plasma. This document outlines some of the applications of the AWAKE scheme to particle physics and shows that the AWAKE technology could lead to unique facilities and experiments that would otherwise not be possible. In particular, experiments are proposed to search for dark photons, measure strong field QED and investigate new physics in electron-proton collisions. The community is also invited to consider applications for electron beams up to the TeV scale. △ Less

Submitted 22 December, 2018; originally announced December 2018.

Comments: 12 pages, 8 figures, submitted to the European Particle Physics Strategy Update process. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1810.12254

Technical Proposal for FASER: ForwArd Search ExpeRiment at the LHC

Authors: FASER Collaboration, Akitaka Ariga, Tomoko Ariga, Jamie Boyd, Franck Cadoux, David W. Casper, Francesco Cerutti, Salvatore Danzeca, Liam Dougherty, Yannick Favre, Jonathan L. Feng, Didier Ferrere, Jonathan Gall, Iftah Galon, Sergio Gonzalez-Sevilla, Shih-Chieh Hsu, Giuseppe Iacobucci, Enrique Kajomovitz, Felix Kling, Susanne Kuehn, Mike Lamont, Lorne Levinson, Hidetoshi Otono, John Osborne, Brian Petersen , et al. (11 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: FASER is a proposed small and inexpensive experiment designed to search for light, weakly-interacting particles during Run 3 of the LHC from 2021-23. Such particles may be produced in large numbers along the beam collision axis, travel for hundreds of meters without interacting, and then decay to standard model particles. To search for such events, FASER will be located 480 m downstream of the ATL… ▽ More FASER is a proposed small and inexpensive experiment designed to search for light, weakly-interacting particles during Run 3 of the LHC from 2021-23. Such particles may be produced in large numbers along the beam collision axis, travel for hundreds of meters without interacting, and then decay to standard model particles. To search for such events, FASER will be located 480 m downstream of the ATLAS IP in the unused service tunnel TI12 and be sensitive to particles that decay in a cylindrical volume with radius R=10 cm and length L=1.5 m. FASER will complement the LHC's existing physics program, extending its discovery potential to a host of new, light particles, with potentially far-reaching implications for particle physics and cosmology. This document describes the technical details of the FASER detector components: the magnets, the tracker, the scintillator system, and the calorimeter, as well as the trigger and readout system. The preparatory work that is needed to install and operate the detector, including civil engineering, transport, and integration with various services is also presented. The information presented includes preliminary cost estimates for the detector components and the infrastructure work, as well as a timeline for the design, construction, and installation of the experiment. △ Less

Submitted 21 December, 2018; originally announced December 2018.

Comments: 82 pages, 62 figures; submitted to the CERN LHCC on 7 November 2018

Report number: CERN-LHCC-2018-036, LHCC-P-013, UCI-TR-2018-22, KYUSHU-RCAPP-2018-07

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) - 2018 Summary Report

Authors: The CLIC, CLICdp collaborations, :, T. K. Charles, P. J. Giansiracusa, T. G. Lucas, R. P. Rassool, M. Volpi, C. Balazs, K. Afanaciev, V. Makarenko, A. Patapenka, I. Zhuk, C. Collette, M. J. Boland, A. C. Abusleme Hoffman, M. A. Diaz, F. Garay, Y. Chi, X. He, G. Pei, S. Pei, G. Shu, X. Wang, J. Zhang , et al. (671 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $e^+e^-$ collider under development at CERN. Following the CLIC conceptual design published in 2012, this report provides an overview of the CLIC project, its current status, and future developments. It presents the CLIC physics potential and reports on design, technology, and implementation aspects of the accelerator and the… ▽ More The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $e^+e^-$ collider under development at CERN. Following the CLIC conceptual design published in 2012, this report provides an overview of the CLIC project, its current status, and future developments. It presents the CLIC physics potential and reports on design, technology, and implementation aspects of the accelerator and the detector. CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, respectively. CLIC uses a two-beam acceleration scheme, in which 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current drive beam. For the first stage, an alternative with X-band klystron powering is also considered. CLIC accelerator optimisation, technical developments and system tests have resulted in an increased energy efficiency (power around 170 MW) for the 380 GeV stage, together with a reduced cost estimate at the level of 6 billion CHF. The detector concept has been refined using improved software tools. Significant progress has been made on detector technology developments for the tracking and calorimetry systems. A wide range of CLIC physics studies has been conducted, both through full detector simulations and parametric studies, together providing a broad overview of the CLIC physics potential. Each of the three energy stages adds cornerstones of the full CLIC physics programme, such as Higgs width and couplings, top-quark properties, Higgs self-coupling, direct searches, and many precision electroweak measurements. The interpretation of the combined results gives crucial and accurate insight into new physics, largely complementary to LHC and HL-LHC. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start by 2026. First beams would be available by 2035, marking the beginning of a broad CLIC physics programme spanning 25-30 years. △ Less

Submitted 6 May, 2019; v1 submitted 14 December, 2018; originally announced December 2018.

Comments: 112 pages, 59 figures; published as CERN Yellow Report Monograph Vol. 2/2018; corresponding editors: Philip N. Burrows, Nuria Catalan Lasheras, Lucie Linssen, Marko Petrič, Aidan Robson, Daniel Schulte, Eva Sicking, Steinar Stapnes

Report number: CERN-2018-005-M

Updated baseline for a staged Compact Linear Collider

Authors: The CLIC, CLICdp collaborations, :, M. J. Boland, U. Felzmann, P. J. Giansiracusa, T. G. Lucas, R. P. Rassool, C. Balazs, T. K. Charles, K. Afanaciev, I. Emeliantchik, A. Ignatenko, V. Makarenko, N. Shumeiko, A. Patapenka, I. Zhuk, A. C. Abusleme Hoffman, M. A. Diaz Gutierrez, M. Vogel Gonzalez, Y. Chi, X. He, G. Pei, S. Pei, G. Shu , et al. (493 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a multi-TeV high-luminosity linear e+e- collider under development. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in a staged approach with three centre-of-mass energy stages ranging from a few hundred GeV up to 3 TeV. The first stage will focus on precision Standard Model physics, in particular Higgs and top-q… ▽ More The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a multi-TeV high-luminosity linear e+e- collider under development. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in a staged approach with three centre-of-mass energy stages ranging from a few hundred GeV up to 3 TeV. The first stage will focus on precision Standard Model physics, in particular Higgs and top-quark measurements. Subsequent stages will focus on measurements of rare Higgs processes, as well as searches for new physics processes and precision measurements of new states, e.g. states previously discovered at LHC or at CLIC itself. In the 2012 CLIC Conceptual Design Report, a fully optimised 3 TeV collider was presented, while the proposed lower energy stages were not studied to the same level of detail. This report presents an updated baseline staging scenario for CLIC. The scenario is the result of a comprehensive study addressing the performance, cost and power of the CLIC accelerator complex as a function of centre-of-mass energy and it targets optimal physics output based on the current physics landscape. The optimised staging scenario foresees three main centre-of-mass energy stages at 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV for a full CLIC programme spanning 22 years. For the first stage, an alternative to the CLIC drive beam scheme is presented in which the main linac power is produced using X-band klystrons. △ Less

Submitted 27 March, 2017; v1 submitted 26 August, 2016; originally announced August 2016.

Comments: 57 pages, 27 figures, 12 tables, published as CERN Yellow Report. Updated version: Minor layout changes for print version

Report number: CERN-2016-004

Software development practices in academia: a case study comparison

Authors: Derek Groen, Xiaohu Guo, James A. Grogan, Ulf D. Schiller, James M. Osborne

Abstract: Academic software development practices often differ from those of commercial development settings, yet only limited research has been conducted on assessing software development practises in academia. Here we present a case study of software development practices in four open-source scientific codes over a period of nine years, characterizing the evolution of their respective development teams, t… ▽ More Academic software development practices often differ from those of commercial development settings, yet only limited research has been conducted on assessing software development practises in academia. Here we present a case study of software development practices in four open-source scientific codes over a period of nine years, characterizing the evolution of their respective development teams, their scientific productivity, and the adoption (or discontinuation) of specific software engineering practises as the team size changes. We show that the transient nature of the development team results in the adoption of different development strategies. We relate measures of publication output to accumulated numbers of developers and find that for the projects considered the time-scale for returns on expended development effort is approximately three years. We discuss the implications of our findings for evaluating the performance of research software development, and in general any computationally oriented scientific project. △ Less

Submitted 17 June, 2015; originally announced June 2015.

Comments: 22 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, submitted

A facility to Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) at the CERN SPS

Authors: SHiP Collaboration, M. Anelli, S. Aoki, G. Arduini, J. J. Back, A. Bagulya, W. Baldini, A. Baranov, G. J. Barker, S. Barsuk, M. Battistin, J. Bauche, A. Bay, V. Bayliss, L. Bellagamba, G. Bencivenni, M. Bertani, O. Bezshyyko, D. Bick, N. Bingefors, A. Blondel, M. Bogomilov, A. Boyarsky, D. Bonacorsi, D. Bondarenko , et al. (211 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: A new general purpose fixed target facility is proposed at the CERN SPS accelerator which is aimed at exploring the domain of hidden particles and make measurements with tau neutrinos. Hidden particles are predicted by a large number of models beyond the Standard Model. The high intensity of the SPS 400~GeV beam allows probing a wide variety of models containing light long-lived exotic particles w… ▽ More A new general purpose fixed target facility is proposed at the CERN SPS accelerator which is aimed at exploring the domain of hidden particles and make measurements with tau neutrinos. Hidden particles are predicted by a large number of models beyond the Standard Model. The high intensity of the SPS 400~GeV beam allows probing a wide variety of models containing light long-lived exotic particles with masses below ${\cal O}$(10)~GeV/c$^2$, including very weakly interacting low-energy SUSY states. The experimental programme of the proposed facility is capable of being extended in the future, e.g. to include direct searches for Dark Matter and Lepton Flavour Violation. △ Less

Submitted 20 April, 2015; originally announced April 2015.

Comments: Technical Proposal

Report number: CERN-SPSC-2015-016, SPSC-P-350, 8 April 2015

Ultracold Chemistry and its Reaction Kinetics

Authors: Florian Richter, Daniel Becker, Cédric Bény, Torben A. Schulze, Silke Ospelkaus, Tobias J. Osborne

Abstract: We study the reaction kinetics of chemical processes occurring in the ultracold regime and systematically investigate their dynamics. Quantum entanglement is found to play a key role in driving an ultracold reaction towards a dynamical equilibrium. In case of multiple concurrent reactions Hamiltonian chaos dominates the phase space dynamics in the mean field approximation. We study the reaction kinetics of chemical processes occurring in the ultracold regime and systematically investigate their dynamics. Quantum entanglement is found to play a key role in driving an ultracold reaction towards a dynamical equilibrium. In case of multiple concurrent reactions Hamiltonian chaos dominates the phase space dynamics in the mean field approximation. △ Less

Submitted 8 January, 2015; v1 submitted 27 May, 2014; originally announced May 2014.

Comments: 15 pages, 5 figures

Journal ref: New J. Phys. 17 (2015) 055005

The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report - Volume 3.I: Accelerator R&D in the Technical Design Phase

Authors: Chris Adolphsen, Maura Barone, Barry Barish, Karsten Buesser, Philip Burrows, John Carwardine, Jeffrey Clark, Hélène Mainaud Durand, Gerry Dugan, Eckhard Elsen, Atsushi Enomoto, Brian Foster, Shigeki Fukuda, Wei Gai, Martin Gastal, Rongli Geng, Camille Ginsburg, Susanna Guiducci, Mike Harrison, Hitoshi Hayano, Keith Kershaw, Kiyoshi Kubo, Victor Kuchler, Benno List, Wanming Liu , et al. (19 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report (TDR) describes in four volumes the physics case and the design of a 500 GeV centre-of-mass energy linear electron-positron collider based on superconducting radio-frequency technology using Niobium cavities as the accelerating structures. The accelerator can be extended to 1 TeV and also run as a Higgs factory at around 250 GeV and on the… ▽ More The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report (TDR) describes in four volumes the physics case and the design of a 500 GeV centre-of-mass energy linear electron-positron collider based on superconducting radio-frequency technology using Niobium cavities as the accelerating structures. The accelerator can be extended to 1 TeV and also run as a Higgs factory at around 250 GeV and on the Z0 pole. A comprehensive value estimate of the accelerator is give, together with associated uncertainties. It is shown that no significant technical issues remain to be solved. Once a site is selected and the necessary site-dependent engineering is carried out, construction can begin immediately. The TDR also gives baseline documentation for two high-performance detectors that can share the ILC luminosity by being moved into and out of the beam line in a "push-pull" configuration. These detectors, ILD and SiD, are described in detail. They form the basis for a world-class experimental programme that promises to increase significantly our understanding of the fundamental processes that govern the evolution of the Universe. △ Less

Submitted 26 June, 2013; originally announced June 2013.

Comments: See also http://www.linearcollider.org/ILC/TDR . The full list of signatories is inside the Report

Report number: ILC-REPORT-2013-040; ANL-HEP-TR-13-20; BNL-100603-2013-IR; IRFU-13-59; CERN-ATS-2013-037; Cockcroft-13-10; CLNS 13/2085; DESY 13-062; FERMILAB TM-2554; IHEP-AC-ILC-2013-001; INFN-13-04/LNF; JAI-2013-001; JINR E9-2013-35; JLAB-R-2013-01; KEK Report 2013-1; KNU/CHEP-ILC-2013-1; LLNL-TR-635539; SLAC-R-1004; ILC-HiGrade-Report-2013-003

The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report - Volume 3.II: Accelerator Baseline Design

Authors: Chris Adolphsen, Maura Barone, Barry Barish, Karsten Buesser, Philip Burrows, John Carwardine, Jeffrey Clark, Hélène Mainaud Durand, Gerry Dugan, Eckhard Elsen, Atsushi Enomoto, Brian Foster, Shigeki Fukuda, Wei Gai, Martin Gastal, Rongli Geng, Camille Ginsburg, Susanna Guiducci, Mike Harrison, Hitoshi Hayano, Keith Kershaw, Kiyoshi Kubo, Victor Kuchler, Benno List, Wanming Liu , et al. (19 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report (TDR) describes in four volumes the physics case and the design of a 500 GeV centre-of-mass energy linear electron-positron collider based on superconducting radio-frequency technology using Niobium cavities as the accelerating structures. The accelerator can be extended to 1 TeV and also run as a Higgs factory at around 250 GeV and on the… ▽ More The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report (TDR) describes in four volumes the physics case and the design of a 500 GeV centre-of-mass energy linear electron-positron collider based on superconducting radio-frequency technology using Niobium cavities as the accelerating structures. The accelerator can be extended to 1 TeV and also run as a Higgs factory at around 250 GeV and on the Z0 pole. A comprehensive value estimate of the accelerator is give, together with associated uncertainties. It is shown that no significant technical issues remain to be solved. Once a site is selected and the necessary site-dependent engineering is carried out, construction can begin immediately. The TDR also gives baseline documentation for two high-performance detectors that can share the ILC luminosity by being moved into and out of the beam line in a "push-pull" configuration. These detectors, ILD and SiD, are described in detail. They form the basis for a world-class experimental programme that promises to increase significantly our understanding of the fundamental processes that govern the evolution of the Universe. △ Less

Submitted 26 June, 2013; originally announced June 2013.

Comments: See also http://www.linearcollider.org/ILC/TDR . The full list of signatories is inside the Report

Report number: ILC-REPORT-2013-040; ANL-HEP-TR-13-20; BNL-100603-2013-IR; IRFU-13-59; CERN-ATS-2013-037; Cockcroft-13-10; CLNS 13/2085; DESY 13-062; FERMILAB TM-2554; IHEP-AC-ILC-2013-001; INFN-13-04/LNF; JAI-2013-001; JINR E9-2013-35; JLAB-R-2013-01; KEK Report 2013-1; KNU/CHEP-ILC-2013-1; LLNL-TR-635539; SLAC-R-1004; ILC-HiGrade-Report-2013-003

TLEP: A High-Performance Circular e+e- Collider to Study the Higgs Boson

Authors: M. Koratzinos, A. P. Blondel, R. Aleksan, O. Brunner, A. Butterworth, P. Janot, E. Jensen, J. Osborne, F. Zimmermann, J. R. Ellis, M. Zanetti

Abstract: The recent discovery of a light Higgs boson has opened up considerable interest in circular e+e- Higgs factories around the world. We report on the progress of the TLEP concept since last year. TLEP is an e+e- circular collider capable of very high luminosities in a wide centre-of-mass (ECM) spectrum from 90 to 350 GeV. TLEP could be housed in a new 80 to 100 km tunnel in the Geneva region. The de… ▽ More The recent discovery of a light Higgs boson has opened up considerable interest in circular e+e- Higgs factories around the world. We report on the progress of the TLEP concept since last year. TLEP is an e+e- circular collider capable of very high luminosities in a wide centre-of-mass (ECM) spectrum from 90 to 350 GeV. TLEP could be housed in a new 80 to 100 km tunnel in the Geneva region. The design can be adapted to different ring circumference (e.g. LEP3 in the 27 km LHC tunnel). TLEP is an ideal complementary machine to the LHC thanks to high luminosity, exquisite determination of ECM and the possibility of four interaction points, both for precision measurements of the Higgs boson properties and for precision tests of the closure of the Standard Model from the Z pole to the top threshold. △ Less

Submitted 28 May, 2013; originally announced May 2013.

Comments: Contribution to IPAC13, 12-17 May 2013, Shanghai, China

The EUROnu Project

Authors: T. R. Edgecock, O. Caretta, T. Davenne, C. Densham, M. Fitton, D. Kelliher, P. Loveridge, S. Machida, C. Prior, C. Rogers, M. Rooney, J. Thomason, D. Wilcox, E. Wildner, I. Efthymiopoulos, R. Garoby, S. Gilardoni, C. Hansen, E. Benedetto, E. Jensen, A. Kosmicki, M. Martini, J. Osborne, G. Prior, T. Stora , et al. (146 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The EUROnu project has studied three possible options for future, high intensity neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe. The first is a Super Beam, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of pions created by bombarding targets with a 4 MW proton beam from the CERN High Power Superconducting Proton Linac. The far detector for this facility is the 500 kt MEMPHYS water Cherenkov, located in the… ▽ More The EUROnu project has studied three possible options for future, high intensity neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe. The first is a Super Beam, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of pions created by bombarding targets with a 4 MW proton beam from the CERN High Power Superconducting Proton Linac. The far detector for this facility is the 500 kt MEMPHYS water Cherenkov, located in the Fréjus tunnel. The second facility is the Neutrino Factory, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of μ+ and μ- beams in a storage ring. The far detector in this case is a 100 kt Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detector at a baseline of 2000 km. The third option is a Beta Beam, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of beta emitting isotopes, in particular 6He and 18Ne, also stored in a ring. The far detector is also the MEMPHYS detector in the Fréjus tunnel. EUROnu has undertaken conceptual designs of these facilities and studied the performance of the detectors. Based on this, it has determined the physics reach of each facility, in particular for the measurement of CP violation in the lepton sector, and estimated the cost of construction. These have demonstrated that the best facility to build is the Neutrino Factory. However, if a powerful proton driver is constructed for another purpose or if the MEMPHYS detector is built for astroparticle physics, the Super Beam also becomes very attractive. △ Less

Submitted 17 May, 2013; originally announced May 2013.

Comments: Results from the Framework Programme 7 project EUROnu, which studied three possible accelerator facilities for future high intensity neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 16 021002 (2013)

A Large Hadron Electron Collider at CERN

Authors: J. L. Abelleira Fernandez, C. Adolphsen, P. Adzic, A. N. Akay, H. Aksakal, J. L. Albacete, B. Allanach, S. Alekhin, P. Allport, V. Andreev, R. B. Appleby, E. Arikan, N. Armesto, G. Azuelos, M. Bai, D. Barber, J. Bartels, O. Behnke, J. Behr, A. S. Belyaev, I. Ben-Zvi, N. Bernard, S. Bertolucci, S. Bettoni, S. Biswal , et al. (184 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This document provides a brief overview of the recently published report on the design of the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), which comprises its physics programme, accelerator physics, technology and main detector concepts. The LHeC exploits and develops challenging, though principally existing, accelerator and detector technologies. This summary is complemented by brief illustrations of s… ▽ More This document provides a brief overview of the recently published report on the design of the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), which comprises its physics programme, accelerator physics, technology and main detector concepts. The LHeC exploits and develops challenging, though principally existing, accelerator and detector technologies. This summary is complemented by brief illustrations of some of the highlights of the physics programme, which relies on a vastly extended kinematic range, luminosity and unprecedented precision in deep inelastic scattering. Illustrations are provided regarding high precision QCD, new physics (Higgs, SUSY) and electron-ion physics. The LHeC is designed to run synchronously with the LHC in the twenties and to achieve an integrated luminosity of O(100) fb$^{-1}$. It will become the cleanest high resolution microscope of mankind and will substantially extend as well as complement the investigation of the physics of the TeV energy scale, which has been enabled by the LHC. △ Less

Submitted 9 January, 2013; v1 submitted 20 November, 2012; originally announced November 2012.

Accelerator experiments with soft protons and hyper-velocity dust particles: application to ongoing projects of future X-ray missions

Authors: E. Perinati, S. Diebold, E. Kendziorra, A. Santangelo, C. Tenzer, J. Jochum, S. Bugiel, R. Srama, E. Del Monte, M. Feroci, A. Rubini, A. Rachevski, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, I. Rashevskaya, A. Vacchi, P. Azzarello, E. Bozzo, J. -W. den Herder, S. Zane, S. Brandt, M. Hernanz, M. A. Leutenegger, R. L. Kelley, C. A. Kilbourne , et al. (9 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: We report on our activities, currently in progress, aimed at performing accelerator experiments with soft protons and hyper-velocity dust particles. They include tests of different types of X-ray detectors and related components (such as filters) and measurements of scattering of soft protons and hyper-velocity dust particles off X-ray mirror shells. These activities have been identified as a goal… ▽ More We report on our activities, currently in progress, aimed at performing accelerator experiments with soft protons and hyper-velocity dust particles. They include tests of different types of X-ray detectors and related components (such as filters) and measurements of scattering of soft protons and hyper-velocity dust particles off X-ray mirror shells. These activities have been identified as a goal in the context of a number of ongoing space projects in order to assess the risk posed by environmental radiation and dust and qualify the adopted instrumentation with respect to possible damage or performance degradation. In this paper we focus on tests for the Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) used aboard the LOFT space mission. We use the Van de Graaff accelerators at the University of Tübingen and at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPIK) in Heidelberg, for soft proton and hyper-velocity dust tests respectively. We present the experimental set-up adopted to perform the tests, status of the activities and some very preliminary results achieved at present time. △ Less

Submitted 14 September, 2012; originally announced September 2012.

Comments: Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 8443, Paper No. 8443-24, 2012

A High Luminosity e+e- Collider to study the Higgs Boson

Authors: A. Blondel, M. Koratzinos, R. W. Assmann, A. Butterworth, P. Janot, J. M. Jimenez, C. Grojean, A. Milanese, M. Modena, J. A. Osborne, F. Zimmermann, H. Piekarz, K. Oide, K. Yokoya, J. Ellis, M. Klute, M. Zanetti, M. Velasco, V. Telnov, L. Rivkin, Y. Cai

Abstract: A strong candidate for the Standard Model Scalar boson, H(126), has been discovered by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. In order to study this fundamental particle with unprecedented precision, and to perform precision tests of the closure of the Standard Model, we investigate the possibilities offered by An e+e- storage ring collider. We use a design inspired by the B-factories, takin… ▽ More A strong candidate for the Standard Model Scalar boson, H(126), has been discovered by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. In order to study this fundamental particle with unprecedented precision, and to perform precision tests of the closure of the Standard Model, we investigate the possibilities offered by An e+e- storage ring collider. We use a design inspired by the B-factories, taking into account the performance achieved at LEP2, and imposing a synchrotron radiation power limit of 100 MW. At the most relevant centre-of-mass energy of 240 GeV, near-constant luminosities of 10^34 cm^{-2}s^{-1} are possible in up to four collision points for a ring of 27km circumference. The achievable luminosity increases with the bending radius, and for 80km circumference, a luminosity of 5 10^34 cm^{-2}s^{-1} in four collision points appears feasible. Beamstrahlung becomes relevant at these high luminosities, leading to a design requirement of large momentum acceptance both in the accelerating system and in the optics. The larger machine could reach the top quark threshold, would yield luminosities per interaction point of 10^36 cm^{-2}s^{-1} at the Z pole (91 GeV) and 2 10^35 cm^{-2}s^{-1} at the W pair production threshold (80 GeV per beam). The energy spread is reduced in the larger ring with respect to what is was at LEP, giving confidence that beam polarization for energy calibration purposes should be available up to the W pair threshold. The capabilities in term of physics performance are outlined. △ Less

Submitted 1 April, 2013; v1 submitted 2 August, 2012; originally announced August 2012.

Comments: Submitted to the European Strategy Preparatory Group 01-04-2013 new version as re-submitted to PRSTAB

Report number: CERN-ATS-NOTE-2012-062 TECH

A Large Hadron Electron Collider at CERN: Report on the Physics and Design Concepts for Machine and Detector

Authors: J. L. Abelleira Fernandez, C. Adolphsen, A. N. Akay, H. Aksakal, J. L. Albacete, S. Alekhin, P. Allport, V. Andreev, R. B. Appleby, E. Arikan, N. Armesto, G. Azuelos, M. Bai, D. Barber, J. Bartels, O. Behnke, J. Behr, A. S. Belyaev, I. Ben-Zvi, N. Bernard, S. Bertolucci, S. Bettoni, S. Biswal, J. Blümlein, H. Böttcher , et al. (168 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The physics programme and the design are described of a new collider for particle and nuclear physics, the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), in which a newly built electron beam of 60 GeV, up to possibly 140 GeV, energy collides with the intense hadron beams of the LHC. Compared to HERA, the kinematic range covered is extended by a factor of twenty in the negative four-momentum squared,… ▽ More The physics programme and the design are described of a new collider for particle and nuclear physics, the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC), in which a newly built electron beam of 60 GeV, up to possibly 140 GeV, energy collides with the intense hadron beams of the LHC. Compared to HERA, the kinematic range covered is extended by a factor of twenty in the negative four-momentum squared, $Q^2$, and in the inverse Bjorken $x$, while with the design luminosity of $10^{33}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ the LHeC is projected to exceed the integrated HERA luminosity by two orders of magnitude. The physics programme is devoted to an exploration of the energy frontier, complementing the LHC and its discovery potential for physics beyond the Standard Model with high precision deep inelastic scattering measurements. These are designed to investigate a variety of fundamental questions in strong and electroweak interactions. The physics programme also includes electron-deuteron and electron-ion scattering in a $(Q^2, 1/x)$ range extended by four orders of magnitude as compared to previous lepton-nucleus DIS experiments for novel investigations of neutron's and nuclear structure, the initial conditions of Quark-Gluon Plasma formation and further quantum chromodynamic phenomena. The LHeC may be realised either as a ring-ring or as a linac-ring collider. Optics and beam dynamics studies are presented for both versions, along with technical design considerations on the interaction region, magnets and further components, together with a design study for a high acceptance detector. Civil engineering and installation studies are presented for the accelerator and the detector. The LHeC can be built within a decade and thus be operated while the LHC runs in its high-luminosity phase. It thus represents a major opportunity for progress in particle physics exploiting the investment made in the LHC. △ Less

Submitted 7 September, 2012; v1 submitted 13 June, 2012; originally announced June 2012.