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MATHUSLA: An External Long-Lived Particle Detector to Maximize the Discovery Potential of the HL-LHC
Authors:
Branden Aitken,
Cristiano Alpigiani,
Juan Carlos Arteaga-Velázquez,
Mitchel Baker,
Kincso Balazs,
Jared Barron,
Brian Batell,
Austin Batz,
Yan Benhammou,
Tamara Alice Bud,
Karen Salomé Caballero-Mora,
John Paul Chou,
David Curtin,
Albert de Roeck,
Miriam Diamond,
Mariia Didenko,
Keith R. Dienes,
William Dougherty,
Liam Andrew Dougherty,
Marco Drewes,
Sameer Erramilli,
Erez Etzion,
Arturo Fernández Téllez,
Grace Finlayson,
Oliver Fischer
, et al. (48 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present the current status of the MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) long-lived particle (LLP) detector at the HL-LHC, covering the design, fabrication and installation at CERN Point 5. MATHUSLA40 is a 40 m-scale detector with an air-filled decay volume that is instrumented with scintillator tracking detectors, to be located near CMS. Its large size, close pr…
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We present the current status of the MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) long-lived particle (LLP) detector at the HL-LHC, covering the design, fabrication and installation at CERN Point 5. MATHUSLA40 is a 40 m-scale detector with an air-filled decay volume that is instrumented with scintillator tracking detectors, to be located near CMS. Its large size, close proximity to the CMS interaction point and about 100 m of rock shielding from LHC backgrounds allows it to detect LLP production rates and lifetimes that are one to two orders of magnitude beyond the ultimate reach of the LHC main detectors. This provides unique sensitivity to many LLP signals that are highly theoretically motivated, due to their connection to the hierarchy problem, the nature of dark matter, and baryogenesis. Data taking is projected to commence with the start of HL-LHC operations. We summarize the new 40m design for the detector that was recently presented in the MATHUSLA Conceptual Design Report, alongside new realistic background and signal simulations that demonstrate high efficiency for the main target LLP signals in a background-free HL-LHC search. We argue that MATHUSLA's uniquely robust expansion of the HL-LHC physics reach is a crucial ingredient in CERN's mission to search for new physics and characterize the Higgs boson with precision.
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Submitted 1 April, 2025;
originally announced April 2025.
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Conceptual Design Report for the MATHUSLA Long-Lived Particle Detector near CMS
Authors:
Branden Aitken,
Cristiano Alpigiani,
Juan Carlos Arteaga-Velázquez,
Mitchel Baker,
Kincso Balazs,
Jared Barron,
Brian Batell,
Austin Batz,
Yan Benhammou,
Tamara Alice Bud,
Karen Salomé Caballero-Mora,
John Paul Chou,
David Curtin,
Albert de Roeck,
Miriam Diamond,
Mariia Didenko,
Keith R. Dienes,
William Dougherty,
Liam Andrew Dougherty,
Marco Drewes,
Sameer Erramilli,
Erez Etzion,
Arturo Fernández Téllez,
Grace Finlayson,
Oliver Fischer
, et al. (48 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) for the MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) long-lived particle detector at the HL-LHC, covering the design, fabrication and installation at CERN Point 5. MATHUSLA is a 40 m-scale detector with an air-filled decay volume that is instrumented with scintillator tracking detectors, to be located near CMS. Its large size,…
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We present the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) for the MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) long-lived particle detector at the HL-LHC, covering the design, fabrication and installation at CERN Point 5. MATHUSLA is a 40 m-scale detector with an air-filled decay volume that is instrumented with scintillator tracking detectors, to be located near CMS. Its large size, close proximity to the CMS interaction point and about 100 m of rock shielding from HL-LHC backgrounds allows it to detect LLP production rates and lifetimes that are one to two orders of magnitude beyond the ultimate sensitivity of the HL-LHC main detectors for many highly motivated LLP signals. Data taking is projected to commence with the start of HL-LHC operations. We present a new 40m design for the detector: its individual scintillator bars and wavelength-shifting fibers, their organization into tracking layers, tracking modules, tower modules and the veto detector; define a high-level design for the supporting electronics, DAQ and trigger system, including supplying a hardware trigger signal to CMS to record the LLP production event; outline computing systems, civil engineering and safety considerations; and present preliminary cost estimates and timelines for the project. We also conduct detailed simulation studies of the important cosmic ray and HL-LHC muon backgrounds, implementing full track/vertex reconstruction and background rejection, to ultimately demonstrate high signal efficiency and $\ll 1$ background event in realistic LLP searches for the main physics targets at MATHUSLA. This sensitivity is robust with respect to detector design or background simulation details. Appendices provide various supplemental information.
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Submitted 26 March, 2025;
originally announced March 2025.
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Science and Project Planning for the Forward Physics Facility in Preparation for the 2024-2026 European Particle Physics Strategy Update
Authors:
Jyotismita Adhikary,
Luis A. Anchordoqui,
Akitaka Ariga,
Tomoko Ariga,
Alan J. Barr,
Brian Batell,
Jianming Bian,
Jamie Boyd,
Matthew Citron,
Albert De Roeck,
Milind V. Diwan,
Jonathan L. Feng,
Christopher S. Hill,
Yu Seon Jeong,
Felix Kling,
Steven Linden,
Toni Mäkelä,
Kostas Mavrokoridis,
Josh McFayden,
Hidetoshi Otono,
Juan Rojo,
Dennis Soldin,
Anna Stasto,
Sebastian Trojanowski,
Matteo Vicenzi
, et al. (1 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The recent direct detection of neutrinos at the LHC has opened a new window on high-energy particle physics and highlighted the potential of forward physics for groundbreaking discoveries. In the last year, the physics case for forward physics has continued to grow, and there has been extensive work on defining the Forward Physics Facility and its experiments to realize this physics potential in a…
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The recent direct detection of neutrinos at the LHC has opened a new window on high-energy particle physics and highlighted the potential of forward physics for groundbreaking discoveries. In the last year, the physics case for forward physics has continued to grow, and there has been extensive work on defining the Forward Physics Facility and its experiments to realize this physics potential in a timely and cost-effective manner. Following a 2-page Executive Summary, we present the status of the FPF, beginning with the FPF's unique potential to shed light on dark matter, new particles, neutrino physics, QCD, and astroparticle physics. We summarize the current designs for the Facility and its experiments, FASER2, FASER$ν$2, FORMOSA, and FLArE, and conclude by discussing international partnerships and organization, and the FPF's schedule, budget, and technical coordination.
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Submitted 19 May, 2025; v1 submitted 6 November, 2024;
originally announced November 2024.
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The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC
Authors:
Jonathan L. Feng,
Felix Kling,
Mary Hall Reno,
Juan Rojo,
Dennis Soldin,
Luis A. Anchordoqui,
Jamie Boyd,
Ahmed Ismail,
Lucian Harland-Lang,
Kevin J. Kelly,
Vishvas Pandey,
Sebastian Trojanowski,
Yu-Dai Tsai,
Jean-Marco Alameddine,
Takeshi Araki,
Akitaka Ariga,
Tomoko Ariga,
Kento Asai,
Alessandro Bacchetta,
Kincso Balazs,
Alan J. Barr,
Michele Battistin,
Jianming Bian,
Caterina Bertone,
Weidong Bai
, et al. (211 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located several hundred meters from the ATLAS interaction point and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe Standard Mod…
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High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located several hundred meters from the ATLAS interaction point and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe Standard Model (SM) processes and search for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). In this report, we review the status of the civil engineering plans and the experiments to explore the diverse physics signals that can be uniquely probed in the forward region. FPF experiments will be sensitive to a broad range of BSM physics through searches for new particle scattering or decay signatures and deviations from SM expectations in high statistics analyses with TeV neutrinos in this low-background environment. High statistics neutrino detection will also provide valuable data for fundamental topics in perturbative and non-perturbative QCD and in weak interactions. Experiments at the FPF will enable synergies between forward particle production at the LHC and astroparticle physics to be exploited. We report here on these physics topics, on infrastructure, detector, and simulation studies, and on future directions to realize the FPF's physics potential.
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Submitted 9 March, 2022;
originally announced March 2022.
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Physics Opportunities for the Fermilab Booster Replacement
Authors:
John Arrington,
Joshua Barrow,
Brian Batell,
Robert Bernstein,
Nikita Blinov,
S. J. Brice,
Ray Culbertson,
Patrick deNiverville,
Vito Di Benedetto,
Jeff Eldred,
Angela Fava,
Laura Fields,
Alex Friedland,
Andrei Gaponenko,
Corrado Gatto,
Stefania Gori,
Roni Harnik,
Richard J. Hill,
Daniel M. Kaplan,
Kevin J. Kelly,
Mandy Kiburg,
Tom Kobilarcik,
Gordan Krnjaic,
Gabriel Lee,
B. R. Littlejohn
, et al. (27 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
This white paper presents opportunities afforded by the Fermilab Booster Replacement and its various options. Its goal is to inform the design process of the Booster Replacement about the accelerator needs of the various options, allowing the design to be versatile and enable, or leave the door open to, as many options as possible. The physics themes covered by the paper include searches for dark…
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This white paper presents opportunities afforded by the Fermilab Booster Replacement and its various options. Its goal is to inform the design process of the Booster Replacement about the accelerator needs of the various options, allowing the design to be versatile and enable, or leave the door open to, as many options as possible. The physics themes covered by the paper include searches for dark sectors and new opportunities with muons.
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Submitted 8 March, 2022;
originally announced March 2022.
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The Forward Physics Facility: Sites, Experiments, and Physics Potential
Authors:
Luis A. Anchordoqui,
Akitaka Ariga,
Tomoko Ariga,
Weidong Bai,
Kincso Balazs,
Brian Batell,
Jamie Boyd,
Joseph Bramante,
Mario Campanelli,
Adrian Carmona,
Francesco G. Celiberto,
Grigorios Chachamis,
Matthew Citron,
Giovanni De Lellis,
Albert De Roeck,
Hans Dembinski,
Peter B. Denton,
Antonia Di Crecsenzo,
Milind V. Diwan,
Liam Dougherty,
Herbi K. Dreiner,
Yong Du,
Rikard Enberg,
Yasaman Farzan,
Jonathan L. Feng
, et al. (56 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposal to create a cavern with the space and infrastructure to support a suite of far-forward experiments at the Large Hadron Collider during the High Luminosity era. Located along the beam collision axis and shielded from the interaction point by at least 100 m of concrete and rock, the FPF will house experiments that will detect particles outside the acc…
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The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposal to create a cavern with the space and infrastructure to support a suite of far-forward experiments at the Large Hadron Collider during the High Luminosity era. Located along the beam collision axis and shielded from the interaction point by at least 100 m of concrete and rock, the FPF will house experiments that will detect particles outside the acceptance of the existing large LHC experiments and will observe rare and exotic processes in an extremely low-background environment. In this work, we summarize the current status of plans for the FPF, including recent progress in civil engineering in identifying promising sites for the FPF and the experiments currently envisioned to realize the FPF's physics potential. We then review the many Standard Model and new physics topics that will be advanced by the FPF, including searches for long-lived particles, probes of dark matter and dark sectors, high-statistics studies of TeV neutrinos of all three flavors, aspects of perturbative and non-perturbative QCD, and high-energy astroparticle physics.
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Submitted 25 May, 2022; v1 submitted 22 September, 2021;
originally announced September 2021.
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An Update to the Letter of Intent for MATHUSLA: Search for Long-Lived Particles at the HL-LHC
Authors:
Cristiano Alpigiani,
Juan Carlos Arteaga-Velázquez,
Austin Ball,
Liron Barak,
Jared Barron,
Brian Batell,
James Beacham,
Yan Benhammo,
Karen Salomé Caballero-Mora,
Paolo Camarri,
Roberto Cardarelli,
John Paul Chou,
Wentao Cui,
David Curtin,
Miriam Diamond,
Keith R. Dienes,
Liam Andrew Dougherty,
Giuseppe Di Sciascio,
Marco Drewes,
Erez Etzion,
Rouven Essig,
Jared Evans,
Arturo Fernández Téllez,
Oliver Fischer,
Jim Freeman
, et al. (58 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report on recent progress in the design of the proposed MATHUSLA Long Lived Particle (LLP) detector for the HL-LHC, updating the information in the original Letter of Intent (LoI), see CDS:LHCC-I-031, arXiv:1811.00927. A suitable site has been identified at LHC Point 5 that is closer to the CMS Interaction Point (IP) than assumed in the LoI. The decay volume has been increased from 20 m to 25 m…
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We report on recent progress in the design of the proposed MATHUSLA Long Lived Particle (LLP) detector for the HL-LHC, updating the information in the original Letter of Intent (LoI), see CDS:LHCC-I-031, arXiv:1811.00927. A suitable site has been identified at LHC Point 5 that is closer to the CMS Interaction Point (IP) than assumed in the LoI. The decay volume has been increased from 20 m to 25 m in height. Engineering studies have been made in order to locate much of the decay volume below ground, bringing the detector even closer to the IP. With these changes, a 100 m x 100 m detector has the same physics reach for large c$τ$ as the 200 m x 200 m detector described in the LoI and other studies. The performance for small c$τ$ is improved because of the proximity to the IP. Detector technology has also evolved while retaining the strip-like sensor geometry in Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) described in the LoI. The present design uses extruded scintillator bars read out using wavelength shifting fibers and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). Operations will be simpler and more robust with much lower operating voltages and without the use of greenhouse gases. Manufacturing is straightforward and should result in cost savings. Understanding of backgrounds has also significantly advanced, thanks to new simulation studies and measurements taken at the MATHUSLA test stand operating above ATLAS in 2018. We discuss next steps for the MATHUSLA collaboration, and identify areas where new members can make particularly important contributions.
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Submitted 3 September, 2020;
originally announced September 2020.
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Physics Opportunities with the FCC-hh Injectors
Authors:
B. Goddard,
G. Isidori,
F. Teubert,
M. Bai,
A. Ball,
B. Batell,
T. Bowcock,
G. Cavoto,
A. Ceccucci,
M. Chrzaszcz,
A. Golutvin,
W. Herr,
J. Jowett,
M. Moulson,
T. Nakada,
J. Rojo,
Y. Semertzidis
Abstract:
In this chapter we explore a few examples of physics opportunities using the existing chain of accelerators at CERN, including potential upgrades. In this context the LHC ring is also considered as a part of the injector system. The objective is to find examples that constitute sensitive probes of New Physics that ideally cannot be done elsewhere or can be done significantly better at theCERN acce…
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In this chapter we explore a few examples of physics opportunities using the existing chain of accelerators at CERN, including potential upgrades. In this context the LHC ring is also considered as a part of the injector system. The objective is to find examples that constitute sensitive probes of New Physics that ideally cannot be done elsewhere or can be done significantly better at theCERN accelerator complex. Some of these physics opportunities may require a more flexible injector complex with additional functionality than that just needed to inject protons into the FCC-hh at the right energy, intensity and bunch structure. Therefore it is timely to discuss these options concurrently with the conceptual design of the FCC-hh injector system.
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Submitted 22 June, 2017;
originally announced June 2017.
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Project X: Physics Opportunities
Authors:
Andreas S. Kronfeld,
Robert S. Tschirhart,
Usama Al-Binni,
Wolfgang Altmannshofer,
Charles Ankenbrandt,
Kaladi Babu,
Sunanda Banerjee,
Matthew Bass,
Brian Batell,
David V. Baxter,
Zurab Berezhiani,
Marc Bergevin,
Robert Bernstein,
Sudeb Bhattacharya,
Mary Bishai,
Thomas Blum,
S. Alex Bogacz,
Stephen J. Brice,
Joachim Brod,
Alan Bross,
Michael Buchoff,
Thomas W. Burgess,
Marcela Carena,
Luis A. Castellanos,
Subhasis Chattopadhyay
, et al. (111 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Part 2 of "Project X: Accelerator Reference Design, Physics Opportunities, Broader Impacts". In this Part, we outline the particle-physics program that can be achieved with Project X, a staged superconducting linac for intensity-frontier particle physics. Topics include neutrino physics, kaon physics, muon physics, electric dipole moments, neutron-antineutron oscillations, new light particles, had…
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Part 2 of "Project X: Accelerator Reference Design, Physics Opportunities, Broader Impacts". In this Part, we outline the particle-physics program that can be achieved with Project X, a staged superconducting linac for intensity-frontier particle physics. Topics include neutrino physics, kaon physics, muon physics, electric dipole moments, neutron-antineutron oscillations, new light particles, hadron structure, hadron spectroscopy, and lattice-QCD calculations. Part 1 is available as arXiv:1306.5022 [physics.acc-ph] and Part 3 is available as arXiv:1306.5024 [physics.acc-ph].
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Submitted 1 October, 2016; v1 submitted 20 June, 2013;
originally announced June 2013.