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Nuclear Experiment

arXiv:2508.20844 (nucl-ex)
[Submitted on 28 Aug 2025 (v1), last revised 29 Oct 2025 (this version, v2)]

Title:First Evidence of Solar Neutrino Interactions on $^{13}$C

Authors:SNO+ Collaboration: M. Abreu, A. Allega, M. R. Anderson, S. Andringa, D. M. Asner, D. J. Auty, A. Bacon, T. Baltazar, F. Barão, N. Barros, R. Bayes, E. W. Beier, A. Bialek, S. D. Biller, E. Caden, M. Chen, S. Cheng, B. Cleveland, D. Cookman, J. Corning, S. DeGraw, R. Dehghani, J. Deloye, M. M. Depatie, F. Di Lodovico, C. Dima, J. Dittmer, K. H. Dixon, M. S. Esmaeilian, E. Falk, N. Fatemighomi, R. Ford, A. Gaur, O. I. González-Reina, D. Gooding, C. Grant, J. Grove, S. Hall, A. L. Hallin, D. Hallman, M. R. Hebert, W. J. Heintzelman, R. L. Helmer, C. Hewitt, B. Hreljac, P. Huang, R. Hunt-Stokes, A. S. Inácio, C. J. Jillings, S. Kaluzienski, T. Kaptanoglu, J. Kladnik, J. R. Klein, L. L. Kormos, B. Krar, C. Kraus, C. B. Krauss, T. Kroupová, C. Lake, L. Lebanowski, C. Lefebvre, V. Lozza, M. Luo, S. Maguire, A. Maio, S. Manecki, J. Maneira, R. D. Martin, N. McCauley, A. B. McDonald, G. Milton, D. Morris, M. Mubasher, S. Naugle, L. J. Nolan, H. M. O'Keeffe, G. D. Orebi Gann, S. Ouyang, J. Page, S. Pal, K. Paleshi, W. Parker, L. J. Pickard, B. Quenallata, P. Ravi, A. Reichold, S. Riccetto, J. Rose, R. Rosero, J. Shen, J. Simms, P. Skensved, M. Smiley, R. Tafirout, B. Tam, J. Tseng, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, J. G. C. Veinot, C. J. Virtue
, F. Wang, M. Ward, J. J. Weigand, J. D. Wilson, J. R. Wilson, A. Wright, S. Yang, Z. Ye, M. Yeh, S. Yu, Y. Zhang, K. Zuber, A. Zummo
et al. (13 additional authors not shown)  You must enable JavaScript to view entire author list.
View a PDF of the paper titled First Evidence of Solar Neutrino Interactions on $^{13}$C, by SNO+ Collaboration: M. Abreu and 111 other authors
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Abstract:The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of $^{8}\text{B}$ solar neutrinos interacting on $^{13}\text{C}$ nuclei. The charged current interaction proceeds through $^{13}\text{C} + \nu_e \rightarrow {}^{13}\text{N} + e^-$ which is followed, with a 10 minute half-life, by ${}^{13}\text{N} \rightarrow {}^{13}\text{C} + e^+ +\nu_e .$ The detection strategy is based on the delayed coincidence between the electron and the positron. Evidence for the charged current signal is presented with a significance of 4.2$\sigma$. Using the natural abundance of $^{13}\text{C}$ present in the scintillator, 5.7 tonnes of $^{13}\text{C}$ over 231 days of data were used in this analysis. The 5.6$^{+3.0}_{-2.3}$ observed events in the data set are consistent with the expectation of 4.7$^{+0.6}_{-1.3}$ events. This result is the second real-time measurement of CC interactions of $^{8}\text{B}$ neutrinos with nuclei and constitutes the lowest energy observation of neutrino interactions on $^{13}\text{C}$ generally. This enables the first direct measurement of the CC $\nu_e$ reaction to the ground state of ${}^{13}\text{N}$, yielding an average cross section of $(16.1 ^{+8.5}_{-6.7} (\text{stat.}) ^{+1.6}_{-2.7} (\text{syst.}) )\times 10^{-43}$ cm$^{2}$ over the relevant $^{8}\text{B}$ solar neutrino energies.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
Cite as: arXiv:2508.20844 [nucl-ex]
  (or arXiv:2508.20844v2 [nucl-ex] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.20844
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite
Related DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/1frl-95gj
DOI(s) linking to related resources

Submission history

From: Gulliver Milton Mr [view email]
[v1] Thu, 28 Aug 2025 14:34:09 UTC (177 KB)
[v2] Wed, 29 Oct 2025 16:20:40 UTC (188 KB)
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