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Astrophysics > Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

arXiv:2510.09118 (astro-ph)
[Submitted on 10 Oct 2025]

Title:Cosmology Likelihood for Observables in \Euclid (CLOE). 1. Theoretical recipe

Authors:Euclid Collaboration: V. F. Cardone (1 and 2), S. Joudaki (3 and 4 and 5 and 6), L. Blot (7 and 8), M. Bonici (5 and 9), S. Camera (10 and 11 and 12), G. Cañas-Herrera (13 and 14 and 15), P. Carrilho (16), S. Casas (17), S. Davini (18), S. Di Domizio (19 and 18), S. Farrens (20), L. W. K. Goh (20), S. Gouyou Beauchamps (21 and 22), S. Ilić (23 and 24), F. Keil (24), A. M. C. Le Brun (8), M. Martinelli (1 and 2), C. Moretti (25 and 26 and 27 and 28 and 29), V. Pettorino (13), A. Pezzotta (30 and 31), A. G. Sánchez (31), Z. Sakr (32 and 24 and 33), D. Sciotti (1 and 2), K. Tanidis (34), I. Tutusaus (24), V. Ajani (20 and 35 and 36), M. Crocce (22 and 21), C. Giocoli (37 and 38), L. Legrand (39 and 40), M. Lembo (41 and 42), G. F. Lesci (43 and 37), D. Navarro Girones (15), A. Nouri-Zonoz (44), S. Pamuk (45), M. Tsedrik (16 and 46), J. Bel (47), C. Carbone (9), C. A. J. Duncan (16 and 48), M. Kilbinger (20), F. Lacasa (49 and 50), M. Lattanzi (42), D. Sapone (51), E. Sellentin (52 and 15), P. L. Taylor (53 and 54), N. Aghanim (50), B. Altieri (55), L. Amendola (32), S. Andreon (56), N. Auricchio (37), H. Aussel (20), C. Baccigalupi (28 and 27 and 29 and 25), M. Baldi (57 and 37 and 38), S. Bardelli (37), P. Battaglia (37), A. Biviano (27 and 28), E. Branchini (19 and 18 and 56), M. Brescia (58 and 59), J. Brinchmann (60 and 61), V. Capobianco (12), J. Carretero (3 and 62), M. Castellano (1), G. Castignani (37), S. Cavuoti (59 and 63), K. C. Chambers (64), A. Cimatti (65), C. Colodro-Conde (66), G. Congedo (16), C. J. Conselice (48), L. Conversi (67 and 55), Y. Copin (68), F. Courbin (69 and 70), H. M. Courtois (71), M. Cropper (72), A. Da Silva (73 and 74), H. Degaudenzi (75), G. De Lucia (27), A. M. Di Giorgio (76), M. Douspis (50), F. Dubath (75), X. Dupac (55), S. Dusini (77), A. Ealet (68), S. Escoffier (78), M. Farina (76), R. Farinelli (37), F. Faustini (1 and 79), S. Ferriol (68), F. Finelli (37 and 80), P. Fosalba (21 and 22), S. Fotopoulou (81), M. Frailis (27), E. Franceschi (37), M. Fumana (9), S. Galeotta (27), B. Gillis (16), P. Gómez-Alvarez (82 and 55), J. Gracia-Carpio (31), B. R. Granett (56), A. Grazian
(83), F. Grupp (31 and 84), L. Guzzo (85 and 56 and 86), S. V. H. Haugan (87), H. Hoekstra (15), W. Holmes (88), I. M. Hook (89), F. Hormuth (90), A. Hornstrup (91 and 92), K. Jahnke (93), M. Jhabvala (94), E. Keihänen (95), S. Kermiche (78), A. Kiessling (88), B. Kubik (68), M. Kümmel (84), M. Kunz (44), H. Kurki-Suonio (96 and 97), O. Lahav (98), P. Liebing (72), P. B. Lilje (87), V. Lindholm (96 and 97), I. Lloro (99), G. Mainetti (100), D. Maino (85 and 9 and 86), E. Maiorano (37), O. Mansutti (27), S. Marcin (101), O. Marggraf (102), N. Martinet (103), F. Marulli (43 and 37 and 38), R. Massey (104), S. Maurogordato (105), E. Medinaceli (37), S. Mei (106 and 107), Y. Mellier (108 and 109), M. Meneghetti (37 and 38), E. Merlin (1), G. Meylan (110), A. Mora (111), M. Moresco (43 and 37), L. Moscardini (43 and 37 and 38), R. Nakajima (102), C. Neissner (112 and 62), S.-M. Niemi (13), C. Padilla (112), S. Paltani (75), F. Pasian (27), K. Pedersen (113), W. J. Percival (5 and 6 and 114), S. Pires (20), G. Polenta (79), M. Poncet (115), L. A. Popa (116), L. Pozzetti (37), G. D. Racca (13 and 15), F. Raison (31), R. Rebolo (66 and 117 and 118), A. Renzi (119 and 77), J. Rhodes (88), G. Riccio (59), E. Romelli (27), M. Roncarelli (37), R. Saglia (84 and 31), B. Sartoris (84 and 27), R. Scaramella (1 and 2), J. A. Schewtschenko (16), P. Schneider (102), T. Schrabback (120), A. Secroun (78), E. Sefusatti (27 and 28 and 29), G. Seidel (93), S. Serrano (21 and 121 and 22), P. Simon (102), C. Sirignano (119 and 77), G. Sirri (38), L. Stanco (77), J. Steinwagner (31), P. Tallada-Crespí (3 and 62), A. N. Taylor (16), I. Tereno (73 and 122), S. Toft (123 and 124), R. Toledo-Moreo (125), F. Torradeflot (62 and 3), L. Valenziano (37 and 80), J. Valiviita (96 and 97), T. Vassallo (84 and 27), G. Verdoes Kleijn (126), A. Veropalumbo (56 and 18 and 19), Y. Wang (127), J. Weller (84 and 31), A. Zacchei (27 and 28), G. Zamorani (37), F. M. Zerbi (56), E. Zucca (37), V. Allevato (59), M. Ballardini (41 and 42 and 37), M. Bolzonella (37), E. Bozzo (75), C. Burigana (128 and 80), R. Cabanac (24), M. Calabrese (129 and 9), A. Cappi (37 and 105), D. Di Ferdinando (38), J. A. Escartin Vigo (31), L. Gabarra (34), W. G. Hartley (75), J. Martín-Fleitas (111), S. Matthew (16), M. Maturi (32 and 130), N. Mauri (65 and 38), R. B. Metcalf (43 and 37), M. Pöntinen (96), C. Porciani (102), I. Risso (131), V. Scottez (108 and 132), M. Sereno (37 and 38), M. Tenti (38), M. Viel (28 and 27 and 25 and 29 and 26), M. Wiesmann (87), Y. Akrami (133 and 134), S. Alvi (41), I. T. Andika (135 and 136), S. Anselmi (77 and 119 and 137), M. Archidiacono (85 and 86), F. Atrio-Barandela (138), A. Balaguera-Antolinez (66 and 139), M. Bethermin (140), S. Borgani (141 and 28 and 27 and 29 and 26), M. L. Brown (48), S. Bruton (142), A. Calabro (1), B. Camacho Quevedo (21 and 22), F. Caro (1), C. S. Carvalho (122), T. Castro (27 and 29 and 28 and 26), F. Cogato (43 and 37), S. Conseil (68), S. Contarini (31), A. R. Cooray (143), O. Cucciati (37), F. De Paolis (144 and 145 and 146), G. Desprez (126), A. Díaz-Sánchez (147), J. J. Diaz (66), J. M. Diego (45), P. Dimauro (1 and 148), A. Enia (57 and 37), Y. Fang (84), A. G. Ferrari (38), P. G. Ferreira (34), A. Finoguenov (96), A. Fontana (1), A. Franco (145 and 144 and 146), K. Ganga (106), J. García-Bellido (133), T. Gasparetto (27), V. Gautard (149), E. Gaztanaga (22 and 21 and 4), F. Giacomini (38), F. Gianotti (37), G. Gozaliasl (150 and 96), A. Gruppuso (37 and 38), M. Guidi (57 and 37), C. M. Gutierrez (151), C. Hernández-Monteagudo (118 and 66), H. Hildebrandt (152), J. Hjorth (113), J. J. E. Kajava (153 and 154), Y. Kang (75), V. Kansal (155 and 156), D. Karagiannis (41 and 157), K. Kiiveri (95), C. C. Kirkpatrick (95), S. Kruk (55), F. Lepori (158), G. Leroy (159 and 104), J. Lesgourgues (17), L. Leuzzi (43 and 37), T. I. Liaudat (160), S. J. Liu (76), A. Loureiro (161 and 162), J. Macias-Perez (163), G. Maggio (27), M. Magliocchetti (76), F. Mannucci (164), R. Maoli (165 and 1), C. J. A. P. Martins (166 and 60), L. Maurin (50), M. Migliaccio (167 and 168), M. Miluzio (55 and 169), P. Monaco (141 and 27 and 29 and 28), G. Morgante (37), S. Nadathur (4), K. Naidoo (4), A. Navarro-Alsina (102), S. Nesseris (133), L. Pagano (41 and 42), F. Passalacqua (119 and 77), K. Paterson (93), L. Patrizii (38), A. Pisani (78), D. Potter (158), S. Quai (43 and 37), M. Radovich (83), P. Reimberg (108), S. Sacquegna (144 and 145 and 146), M. Sahlén (170), D. B. Sanders (64), E. Sarpa (25 and 26 and 29), J. Schaye (15), A. Schneider (158), M. Schultheis (105), A. Silvestri (14), L. C. Smith (171), C. Tao (78), G. Testera (18), R. Teyssier (172), S. Tosi (19 and 18 and 56), A. Troja (119 and 77), M. Tucci (75), C. Valieri (38), A. Venhola (173), D. Vergani (37), F. Vernizzi (174), G. Verza (175), N. A. 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Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy, (3) Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain, (4) Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, (5) Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada, (6) Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada, (7) Center for Data-Driven Discovery, Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan, (8) Laboratoire d'etude de l'Univers et des phenomenes eXtremes, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, (9) INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, (10) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy, (11) INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. 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Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain, (63) INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy, (64) Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, (65) Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, (66) Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Vía Láctea, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, (67) European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy, (68) Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, (69) Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, (70) Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain, (71) UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France, (72) Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK, (73) Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, (74) Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, (75) Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, (76) INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy, (77) INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, (78) Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, (79) Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy, (80) INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, (81) School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK, (82) FRACTAL S.L.N.E., calle Tulipán 2, Portal 13 1A, 28231, Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain, (83) INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy, (84) Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany, (85) Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, (86) INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, (87) Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. 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Lignan 39, I-11020, Nus (Aosta Valley), Italy, (130) Zentrum für Astronomie, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, (131) INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, and INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, (132) ICL, Junia, Université Catholique de Lille, LITL, 59000 Lille, France, (133) Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, (134) CERCA/ISO, Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA, (135) Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, (136) Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, (137) Laboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, (138) Departamento de Física Fundamental. Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de la Merced s/n. 37008 Salamanca, Spain, (139) Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, (140) Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France, (141) Dipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy, (142) California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, (143) Department of Physics \& Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA, (144) Department of Mathematics and Physics E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, CP-I93, 73100, Lecce, Italy, (145) INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Arnesano, CP-193, 73100, Lecce, Italy, (146) INAF-Sezione di Lecce, c/o Dipartimento Matematica e Fisica, Via per Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy, (147) Departamento Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain, (148) Observatorio Nacional, Rua General Jose Cristino, 77-Bairro Imperial de Sao Cristovao, Rio de Janeiro, 20921-400, Brazil, (149) CEA Saclay, DFR/IRFU, Service d'Astrophysique, Bat. 709, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, (150) Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400, Espoo, FI-00 076, Finland, (151) Instituto de Astrofí sica de Canarias, c/ Via Lactea s/n, La Laguna 38200, Spain. Departamento de Astrofí sica de la Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Francisco Sanchez, La Laguna, 38200, Spain, (152) Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), German Centre for Cosmological Lensing (GCCL), 44780 Bochum, Germany, (153) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vesilinnantie 5, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland, (154) Serco for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain, (155) ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Melbourne, Australia, (156) Centre for Astrophysics \& Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia, (157) Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa, (158) Department of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, (159) Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK, (160) IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, (161) Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden, (162) Astrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK, (163) Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France, (164) INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. 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View a PDF of the paper titled Cosmology Likelihood for Observables in \Euclid (CLOE). 1. Theoretical recipe, by Euclid Collaboration: V. F. Cardone (1 and 2) and 1245 other authors
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Abstract:As the statistical precision of cosmological measurements increases, the accuracy of the theoretical description of these measurements needs to increase correspondingly in order to infer the underlying cosmology that governs the Universe. To this end, we have created the Cosmology Likelihood for Observables in Euclid (CLOE), which is a novel cosmological parameter inference pipeline developed within the Euclid Consortium to translate measurements and covariances into cosmological parameter constraints. In this first in a series of six papers, we describe the theoretical recipe of this code for the Euclid primary probes. These probes are composed of the photometric 3x2pt observables of cosmic shear, galaxy-galaxy lensing, and galaxy clustering, along with spectroscopic galaxy clustering. We provide this description in both Fourier and configuration space for standard and extended summary statistics, including the wide range of systematic uncertainties that affect them. This includes systematic uncertainties such as intrinsic galaxy alignments, baryonic feedback, photometric and spectroscopic redshift uncertainties, shear calibration uncertainties, sample impurities, photometric and spectroscopic galaxy biases, as well as magnification bias. The theoretical descriptions are further able to accommodate both Gaussian and non-Gaussian likelihoods and extended cosmologies with non-zero curvature, massive neutrinos, evolving dark energy, and simple forms of modified gravity. These theoretical descriptions that underpin CLOE will form a crucial component in revealing the true nature of the Universe with next-generation cosmological surveys such as Euclid.
Comments: First in a series of six papers presenting CLOE, the Euclid likelihood code; 27 pages, 10 figures, A&A submitted
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
Cite as: arXiv:2510.09118 [astro-ph.CO]
  (or arXiv:2510.09118v1 [astro-ph.CO] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2510.09118
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From: Vincenzo F. Cardone Dr [view email]
[v1] Fri, 10 Oct 2025 08:17:44 UTC (1,915 KB)
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