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Astrophysics > Earth and Planetary Astrophysics

arXiv:2509.00762 (astro-ph)
[Submitted on 31 Aug 2025]

Title:Improved characterization of the TOI-2141 system: a dense sub-Neptune with non-transiting inner and outer companions

Authors:R. Luque, K. W. F. Lam, J. Cabrera, A. Bonfanti, Y. N. E. Eschen, G. Olofsson, W. Benz, N. Billot, A. Brandeker, A. C. M. Correia, L. Fossati, D. Gandolfi, H. P. Osborn, C. Pezzotti, S. G. Sousa, T. G. Wilson, S. Wolf, Y. Alibert, R. Alonso, J. Asquier, T. Bárczy, D. Barrado, S. C. C. Barros, W. Baumjohann, F. Biondi, L. Borsato, C. Broeg, A. Collier Cameron, Sz. Csizmadia, P. E. Cubillos, M. B. Davies, M. Deleuil, A. Deline, O. D. S. Demangeon, B.-O. Demory, A. Derekas, B. Edwards, J. A. Egger, D. Ehrenreich, A. Erikson, A. Fortier, M. Fridlund, K. Gazeas, M. Gillon, M. Güdel, M. N. Günther, A. Heitzmann, Ch. Helling, K. G. Isaak, T. Keller, L. L. Kiss, J. Korth, J. Laskar, A. Lecavelier des Etangs, A. Leleu, M. Lendl, D. Magrin, G. Mantovan, P. F. L. Maxted, B. Merín, C. Mordasini, V. Nascimbeni, R. Ottensamer, I. Pagano, E. Pallé, G. Peter, D. Piazza, G. Piotto, D. Pollacco, D. Queloz, R. Ragazzoni, N. Rando, H. Rauer, I. Ribas, N. C. Santos, G. Scandariato, D. Ségransan, A. E. Simon, A. M. S. Smith, M. Stalport, S. Sulis, Gy. M. Szabó, S. Udry, B. Ulmer, S. Ulmer-Moll, V. Van Grootel, J. Venturini, E. Villaver, N. A. Walton, D. Wolter
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Abstract:We aim to refine the fundamental parameters of the TOI-2141 planetary system, which includes a transiting sub-Neptune orbiting a Sun-like star in a relatively long orbit of 18.26 days, by combining new photometric and spectroscopic observations. We analyze new space-based photometry from TESS and CHEOPS as well as 61 radial velocity measurements from HARPS-N. We perform individual and joint photometric and RV analyses using several modeling tools within a Bayesian model comparison framework. We refine the radius and mass of the transiting planet TOI-2141 b to 3.15 $\pm$ 0.04 $R_\oplus$ and 20.1 $\pm$ 1.6 $M_\oplus$, respectively, five and two times more precise than the previously reported values. Our radial velocity analysis reveals two additional non-transiting companions with orbital periods of 5.46 and 60.45 days. Despite the innermost planet's high geometric transit probability, we find no evidence for transits in the photometric data. The bulk properties of TOI-2141 b suggest a significant volatile envelope atop an Earth-like core, with modeling indicating a hydrogen-rich atmosphere that may have experienced mild photoevaporation over the system's history. Planets b and c must exhibit a modest mutual inclination of at least 2.4 degrees.
Comments: Accepted for publication in A&A
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP); Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Cite as: arXiv:2509.00762 [astro-ph.EP]
  (or arXiv:2509.00762v1 [astro-ph.EP] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.00762
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite
Journal reference: A&A 704, A174 (2025)
Related DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202556515
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From: Rafael Luque [view email]
[v1] Sun, 31 Aug 2025 09:24:26 UTC (8,145 KB)
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