Text classification is one of the most important task in natural language processing, In this research, we carried out several experimental research on three (3) of the most popular Text classification NLP classifier in Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), and Support Vector Machine (SVN). In the presence of enough training data, Deep Learning CNN work best in all parameters for evaluation with 77% accuracy, followed by SVM with accuracy of 76%, and multinomial Bayes with least performance of (...) 69% accuracy. CNN has the best performance in the presence of large enough training dataset because of the presence of filter/ kernels which help to indentify patterns in text data regardless of their position in the sentence. -/- We repeated the training again with just one-third of our data, at this point SVM comes with the best performance, the performance of CNN noticeably drops but still better than Multinomial Naive Bayes, the reason why SVM works best when we reduce the training data was because of its ability to look for a hyper-plane that creates a boundary between different classes of data so as to properly classify them, so we believed that getting the hyper-plane was more efficient when we reduce the dataset, hence reason for the good performance. Multinomial Naive Bayes have the least performance which we attributed to its assumption of independency between the features which sometimes does not hold true. We concluded that availability of data should be an important factor when choosing classifier for Natural Language Processing Text Classification task. CNN should be use in the presence of enough dataset, and SVM should be use when data is not enough. Multinomial Naive Bayes must not be trusted with state of the art NLP task due to its assumption of independency between the features. (shrink)

Text classification is one of the most important task in natural language processing, In this research, we carried out several experimental research on three (3) of the most popular Text classification NLP classifier in Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), and Support Vector Machine (SVN). In the presence of enough training data, Deep Learning CNN work best in all parameters for evaluation with 77% accuracy, followed by SVM with accuracy of 76%, and multinomial Bayes with least performance of (...) 69% accuracy. CNN has the best performance in the presence of large enough training dataset because of the presence of filter/ kernels which help to indentify patterns in text data regardless of their position in the sentence. We repeated the training again with just one-third of our data, at this point SVM comes with the best performance, the performance of CNN noticeably drops but still better than Multinomial Naive Bayes, the reason why SVM works best when we reduce the training data was because of its ability to look for a hyper-plane that creates a boundary between different classes of data so as to properly classify them, so we believed that getting the hyper-plane was more efficient when we reduce the dataset, hence reason for the good performance. Multinomial Naive Bayes have the least performance which we attributed to its assumption of independency between the features which sometimes does not hold true. We concluded that availability of data should be an important factor when choosing classifier for Natural Language Processing Text Classification task. CNN should be use in the presence of enough dataset, and SVM should be use when data is not enough. Multinomial Naive Bayes must not be trusted with state of the art NLP task due to its assumption of independency between the features. (shrink)

Enterprise applications deployed in the cloud typically cause unneeded competition to develop between serverless technologies and containerization systems. The advantages of containers consist of specific control options and operational portability with reliable performance, although they cause orchestration complexities and higher operational costs. Serverless computing creates easy scalability and ease yet struggles with vendor constraints, startup, and reduced ability to manage executions. The article proposes a mixture of serverless functions and containerized services, which creates an optimal microservices architecture to enhance huge-scale (...) enterprise application costeffectiveness and scalability while delivering better performance. The article analyzes pure approach restrictions followed by technical hybrid architecture design and a workload-specific paradigm selection framework. The paper explores integration patterns and analyzes performance versus cost-effectiveness, followed by studies of real-world financial technology and e-commerce and healthcare sector implementations. The hybrid approach lets enterprises use serverless agility with container control to create a new generation of cloud-native architectures. (shrink)

The environment is under a serious threat, caused by human actions and inactions. One of such things that posed a threat is the human population which is estimated to be about 7.9 billion and it is increasing on a daily basis and the way humans deal with nature. However, the need for sustainability makes it necessary for every occupant of the earth to play a role in protecting the environment. There have been several campaigns and sensitisation by scientists to make (...) people understand the threat they are posing to the environment and the need to stop, then make sure they protect their environment from more damage. Despite all campaigns, seminars and conferences organised to sensitise the people on why they need to treat nature well for their own sake and that of other creatures, the issue keeps getting worse, and people are causing more damage to the environment. Since scientific sensitization seems not to be working, this paper suggests a religious approach to solving an environmental problem and specifically looks at how to tackle the issue from an Islamic point of view. The world Muslim is with an estimated population of about 1.907 billion. If these people follow the teachings of the holy Qur’an to protect nature, then the environmental crisis the world is currently facing will be reduced drastically. The hermeneutic approach is used to reiterate the Qur’an and the Hadith of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him), a prescription on the way the environment should be treated. (shrink)

Kwasi Wiredu, a prominent Ghanaian philosopher, having realised the damage the Western-style democracy has done to Africa, proposed an alternative form of democracy to salvage Africans from political depression. The alternative suggested by Wiredu to replace the majoritarian democracy adopted by Africa since its colonial era is Consensual Democracy. Since Wiredu suggested this form of democracy in his 1995 paper, titled “Democracy and Consensus: A Plea to Non-Party Polity,” there have been several arguments condemning the system as not compatible with (...) contemporary African societies. This paper explores Wiredu's critique of Western-style democracy and builds on that to say that, despite its inadequacies, consensual democracy is more African than majoritarian democracy and should be worked on rather than discarded. In doing this, the paper explains Wiredu's vision for Africa and examines the implications of his ideas for the political landscape of the continent. By delving into Wiredu's philosophical contributions, this work seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on democracy and governance in Africa. (shrink)

Neo-consensual democracy is a political theory that stands in place of consensual democracy, suggested by Kwasi Wiredu to replace majoritarian democracy. This theory seeks to balance in a complex contemporary African society the competing interests of different groups through a process of consensus-building. African societies with multi-ethnic groups practised consensual democracy in the pre-colonial era, which was replaced with Majoritarian democracy by the colonialists. Since the adoption of majoritarian democracy, Africa has faced different political issues ranging from political instability to (...) ethnic and tribal clashes. These two major challenges are the result of the majority-minority dichotomy and the individualistic tendency created by majoritarian democracy. These challenges created division and poverty among Africans. Critics, however, argued that consensual democracy, as practised in pre-colonial Africa, cannot fit contemporary Africa due to its complex nature. The majority of Africans no longer live in their villages as they used to in pre-colonial settings; rather, more people now live in urban cities. The ideas of lineage heads, village councils, and village heads are no longer obtainable in most contemporary societies. This paper provides the theory and practice of neo-consensual democracy, which is a modification of consensual democracy. This paper also examines its strengths, weaknesses, and applicability to contemporary political contexts. However, this idea is prone to further development in terms of practical applications. (shrink)

The advent of the internet has brought with it a lot of good and evil, part of the evil the internet brought is fake news. News and information travel these days on social media faster than the conventional media and online news consumers are prone to more fake news than before because many of the sources or agents are hiding. It has become very difficult to know which news is fake and which is real, irrespective of where it emanates from. (...) The issue of fake news has become a new trend in political discourse as a means to mudsling opponents. Fake news has resulted in depression, war, manipulation of due process and the like. It is for this reasonthat this work attempts to expose its epistemological import. The question raised in this work is, what does it mean for a piece of news to be fake? How can it be curbed? In addressing these questions, we identified two factors in determining authentic information: the perceptual traits of the media house and the character traits of its agent. The aim is to use indices of virtue epistemology to determine which news we are supposed to believe as the real news and which one we are not supposed to believe. We argue that motivation, interest and intention of media agents and houses should be taken into consideration as parameters for measuring the genuineness of information. This work concludes that inculcating character traits and perceptual traits, as suggested in virtue epistemology to media practices can help to reduce the spread of fake news and its menace. (shrink)

The emergence of orthodox medicine, which came through Africa's contact with Western civilisation, diverted the attention of Africans from the use of African medicine to the use of orthodox medicine. The European colonizers for their economic gains, condemned African medicine and referred to it as fetish, evil, inaccurate, ineffective, and superstitious. This paper seeks to make a case for a return to the homoeopathic form of treatment with the use of African medicine as against allopathic (orthodox medicine) introduced to the (...) continent. Though African medicine is characterised by some inadequacies, it is still better than orthodox medicine with an allopathic form of treatment and side effects. The paper argued that a more intensive effort, if applied to African medicine, will make it capable of being a better alternative form of treatment for health issues in Africa. To this end, the paper suggests measures needed to strengthen Afro-medical practices and articulates the possible benefits of such an approach. The paper concludes that properly harnessed, African medicine has prospective end results as a form of alternative medicine in Africa. (shrink)

The significance of hair is deeply rooted in African ontology. It depicts leadership status and when shaved off completely, may sometimes signify mourning or lack of dignity. In Benin-city of Edo state in Nigeria, Chiefs who are mostly men are identified by their unique hair-styles. It shows their position of leadership in the society and when a king dies, all the men in the kingdom are expected to shave off their hair as a sign of respect for the departed king. (...) In the culture of the Yoruba people of Nigeria, hair is highly celebrated by the women as it is seen as a crown of glory upon their heads. With advancement in globalisation and cross-cultural relationships, the culture of hair and its ontological significances are gradually being eroded as expressed in Chimamanda Adichie‟s „Americanah‟. For this reason, the hair, being a very important symbol of cultural identity has become a key role in understanding the issues with identity crises in Africa. The paper analyses the ontological significances of hair in Africa, evaluates the issues involved in the misrepresentation of African hair as presented in some African literature as well as interrogates the issues of identity crises occasioned by African hair. (shrink)

This study investigated the consumption pattern of wild edible green leafy vegetables found in Osogbo Local Government Area of Osun State using a descriptive survey research design. The sample size for this study was two hundred and eleven (211) respondents. A four-likert scale structured questionnaire containing twenty-four (24) items was used for data collection. Data were analysed using mean scores and standard deviation. The findings of the study revealed that ”Yarin,” “Worowo,” “Gbure,” and “Ebolo" are major wild edible green leafy (...) vegetables found in the study area, and their consumption is quite low. The finding showed that wild edible green leafy vegetables have benefits such as alleviating malnutrition at no cost and can be a good source of income. The findings also showed that urbanisation's preference for cultivated vegetables over wild edible green leafy vegetables, as well as uncultured ideas like ignorance and poverty and well-researched information about cultivated leafy vegetables, are among the factors influencing the intake of wild edible green leafy vegetables. The findings of this study asserted that wild edible green leafy vegetables, when compared with cultivated ones, can alleviate malnutrition, prevent micronutrient deficiency, and equally serve as a source of income at little or no cost. Therefore, it was recommended that there is a need to explore, analyse, and document that wild green edible leafy vegetables are nutritious, health-promoting, and easy to cultivate, and bring out substantial yields even under difficult climatic and edaphic conditions. (shrink)

This paper interrogates Abdul Rasheed Abiodun Adeoye’s ‘neo-alienation’ directorial style’ as a viable directing technique on African theatre stage. The ‘neo-alienation’ style is an offshoot of Bertolt Brecht’s epic theatre that enhances the total theatre aesthetics and encourages actors’-audience’s relationship. It is a directorial style that has been tested severally on the Nigerian stage and proved worthy of exploration. Using the participant-observation and the deductive research methods, the theory shall be examined in relation to its usage in the production (...) of Adeoye’s The Smart Game- (A Neo- Alienation Script) and Wole Soyinka’s The Lion and the Jewel as directed by AbdulRasheed Abiodun Adeoye in 2002 and 2004 respectively. Thus, the study aims to archive and document the ‘neo alienation’ directing theory because of its immense aesthetics values to African plays and theatre directors. The study also showcases Adeoye as a conscientious theatre director, in whose works, other directors can learn from. The study concludes that the ‘neo-alienation’ aesthetics has been found to be a unique style full of theatrical spectacles that are capable of adding aesthetics and enhance African productions if explored. It is, therefore, recommended that Nigerian and African directors should work towards propounding at least a directorial style each which will add value to African theatre; the study also suggests that directors who have evolved their own directorial styles should endeavor to have them documented for posterity. (shrink)

In this article I critically discuss Professor Oladele Abiodun Balogun’s reflections on the proper final ends of doing philosophy and related sorts of abstract, speculative, or theoretical inquiry. Professor Balogun appears to argue that one should undertake philosophical studies only insofar as they are likely to make a practical difference to people’s lives, particularly by contributing to politico-economic development, or, in other words, that one should eschew seeking knowledge for its own sake. However, there is one line of thought (...) from Professor Balogun, about philosophy being able to make life meaningful, that I argue ultimately––perhaps contrary to his intentions––entails that it can be appropriate to some degree to pursue philosophy that is unlikely to ameliorate poverty and similar social ills. My central aims in this article are to identify Professor Balogun’s strongest argument against pursuing any knowledge for its own sake and to argue that an appeal to meaningfulness constitutes a strong, competing reason to seek out some of it. (shrink)