Power transients faults on high voltage lines are prominently due to high frequency transients. These transients affect the predicted life and efficiency of equipment. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is helpful in analysing the effect of high frequencies and Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) provide support in diagnosis and detection of deformation in a transformers. The major aim of this study is to analyse the incorporation of frequencies based on resonating core of a particular transformer. Using transfer function method an impedance (...) change in transformer has been observed when equipment is subjected to high voltage transients. The effect of change in impedance is that it degrade the life of a core with respect to time. In this paper, research that has been done already on Transformers of different ratings i.e. 100, 50 and 30 kVA are studied and then an experiment is performed on 50-kVA transformer. It was concluded that the core of a transformer having rating equal or less than 50 kVA practically shows single resonance behavior while above 50 kVA for instance 100-kVA transformer core resonates twice. In actual, result defines the core deviating frequency with respect to the rating of a transformer. (shrink)

Book Name MUHAMMAD: A PROPHET FOR OUR TIME Review written by Mr Kashif Iqbal.

The incident of 1971 is a historical concern. Both wings of Pakistan were united at the time of the creation of Pakistan but some policies that were adopted after the creation of Pakistan were inadequate to resolve the growing differences between the both wings. Writers are divided regarding the causes of the Fall of Dhaka. Indian involvement has been highlighted frequently and it is also said that East Bengal was on the distance of 1000 km from West Pakistan. Apart from (...) these causes, this study will highlight a new perspective regarding the separation of East Bengal. From 1947 to 1971 the central governments of Pakistan took some measure regarding formulating policies and the policies were not sufficient to bring people of the both wings closer. Thus, the major policies and their consequences would be analysed in this paper. Further, this research would be a new one in a sense that there would be a general description of the policies from both wings. (shrink)

General elections in Pakistan were held first time 7 December 1970. These were the decisive elections in a way that the democratic future of Pakistan was depended on the elections. The repercussions of the elections were so drastic. The present study will highlight and discuss the role of symbols and slogans that were used during the election years. The analytical and comparative study will show that the symbols used in the elections played very important role. There would also be discussion (...) that how these election symbols and slogans mold the situation in the favour of the political parties. In this way, the aim and objective of the study would be that it will made researchers able to look the elections scenario in a broad perspective. (shrink)

Preface to First Issue- It is with great humility and enthusiasm that I present the inaugural issue of the India Independent Philosophical Journal. This peer-reviewed platform is a testament to the enduring power of free inquiry, rigorous analysis, and thoughtful dialogue—values that lie at the heart of both Indian and world philosophy. At this pivotal moment, I offer my sincere and profound gratitude to all the esteemed members of the Editorial and Advisory Board, whose scholarship, insights, and rigorous reviews have (...) greatly enriched the quality and integrity of this issue. Their thoughtful engagement with submitted papers, valuable suggestions, and philosophical rigor have helped shape this journal into a credible academic forum from its very inception. I am especially grateful to Prof. (Dr.) Jatashankar Tiwari, an eminent scholar and a guiding force in the field of Indian philosophy. As a former member of the Governing Body of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research (ICPR), Government of India, his long-standing academic contributions and institutional experience have greatly enriched the philosophical community. His continued encouragement, critical insights, and moral support have been instrumental in shaping the vision and direction of this journal from its inception. I am deeply thankful to Prof. (Dr.) Dwarka Nath, former Head of the Department of Philosophy at DDU Gorakhpur University, for his scholarly suggestions and continued guidance, which have helped refine the academic quality of this journal. I also extend my sincere gratitude to Prof. (Dr.) Prashant Shukla, Associate Professor at the University of Lucknow, whose rigorous feedback and insightful review process have contributed significantly to maintaining the philosophical depth and precision in the published articles. My heartfelt thanks also go to our distinguished editorial board members: • Prof. (Dr.) Shivani Sharma • Prof. (Dr.) Gopalchandra Misra • Prof. (Dr.) C. Upendra • Dr. Surendra Pratap Singh • Prof. (Dr.) Mario Lupoli (International Member) Each of you has contributed not only through intellectual guidance but also by offering careful peer review and helping improve the scholarly standards of the journal. Your collective presence reflects the interdisciplinary and pluralistic spirit we wish to cultivate. Dr. Dhananjay Trivedi Chief Editor India Independent Philosophical Journal, Assistant Professor, Gyanmanjari Innovative University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat. (shrink)

In the digital academic ecosystem, author name consistency significantly influences discoverability, citation indexing, and search engine ranking. This short paper examines the impact of minor name variations—specifically Dr. Sunil Kapoor Bhopal and Dr Sunil Kapoor Bhopal — on search engine optimization (SEO) and academic visibility. The study highlights how punctuation and formatting differences affect indexing behavior in platforms such as Google Scholar. The findings suggest that deliberate inclusion of name variants can improve search reach and mitigate identity fragmentation.

Editorial -/- The India Independent Philosophical Journal is pleased to present Volume 2, Issue I (January 2026). Following the successful publication of its inaugural volume, the journal continues its commitment to promoting high-quality, peer-reviewed philosophical research rooted in both Indian and global intellectual traditions. This issue brings together scholarly contributions that address a broad spectrum of philosophical concerns, including Indian philosophy, comparative and contemporary thought, ethics, philosophy of mind, consciousness studies, existentialism, and emerging debates related to science, technology, and artificial (...) intelligence. The diversity of themes and methodological approaches represented here reflects the journal’s objective of encouraging rigorous, critical, and interdisciplinary philosophical inquiry. All manuscripts published in this issue have undergone a double-blind peer-review process, with each submission evaluated by independent subject experts. The editorial decision-making has been guided by criteria of originality, conceptual clarity, methodological soundness, and scholarly relevance. Through this process, the journal seeks to uphold academic integrity and contribute constructively to ongoing philosophical discourse. The Editorial Team expresses its sincere appreciation to the members of the Editorial and Advisory Board and to the reviewers for their careful assessments and valuable recommendations, which have been instrumental in maintaining the academic standards of the journal. The editors also thank the contributors for their original research and for engaging thoughtfully with the review process. As the journal moves forward, it remains committed to fostering philosophical scholarship that is reflective, inclusive, and socially relevant. The India Independent Philosophical Journal aims to serve as a credible academic platform for sustained dialogue across traditions and disciplines, and it welcomes future contributions that advance philosophical understanding in meaningful ways. -/- Dr. Dhananjay Trivedi Chief Editor India Independent Philosophical Journal -/- . (shrink)

The study explores how Indian philosophical ethics can provide a transformative foundation for contemporary cybersecurity governance. Modern digital systems are dominated by technocratic and legalistic frameworks that emphasise compliance and control but often neglect moral consciousness and collective welfare. Drawing upon the concepts of Dharma, Nyāya, Nīti, Ahimsa, and Lokasaṃgraha, this research reinterprets cybersecurity as a moral ecosystem sustained by duty, justice, prudence, and non-harm. The work introduces an original theoretical construct- the Dharma-Centric Governance Model (DCGM)- developed by Dr. Dhananjay (...) Trivedi. The DCGM integrates Indian ethical philosophy with international standards such as the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation, a European Union law), NIST framework (National Institute of Standards and Technology, a US agency), and India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act. It rests upon five axioms and operates through five interdependent layers: ontological, normative, procedural, technical, and civic. The model operationalises Dharma through practical mechanisms, including Dharma Audits and Ethical Impact Assessments. Through comparative analysis of global cyber incidents and Indian regulatory contexts, the research demonstrates that sustainable cybersecurity requires ethical sovereignty, a state’s capacity to exercise digital power with moral restraint. The study concludes that Dharma offers not only a philosophical ideal but also a pragmatic blueprint for global digital governance. By fusing timeless moral principles with modern regulatory design, the research proposes a new paradigm of ethical cyber governance that aligns technological innovation with human values and universal welfare. (shrink)

There has recently been an explosion of formal models of signalling, which have been developed to learn about different aspects of meaning. This paper discusses whether that success can also be used to provide an original naturalistic theory of meaning in terms of information or some related notion. In particular, it argues that, although these models can teach us a lot about different aspects of content, at the moment they fail to support the idea that meaning just is some kind (...) of information. As an alternative, I suggest a more modest approach to the relationship between informational notions used in models and semantic properties in the natural world. (shrink)

Why has the concept of duḥkha (suffering) and its cessation (duḥkha-nivṛtti) been primarily explored through the lens of Buddhist philosophy, while the profound philosophical treatments found in the Shrimadbhagwad Gita and the Yoga-Sutra of Patanjali have received comparatively limited attention? Why is there a scarcity of comparative studies that examine these two foundational Hindu texts specifically in relation to duḥkha from the Purusha-Prakriti perspective? Among the few available works, why do most tend to focus on therapeutic or medical interpretations, aimed (...) at patient comfort, rather than engaging with the philosophical and spiritual dimensions of suffering and its transcendence? In this context, what philosophical frameworks do the Gita and the Yoga-Sutra offer to understand the nature, origin, and cessation of duḥkha? How do these texts differ or converge in their interpretations of suffering and the means to overcome it? And in what ways can their insights, when studied comparatively, contribute to a deeper and more holistic understanding of liberation (mokṣa)? This study seeks to explore these critical questions by uncovering the philosophical foundation of duḥkha and duḥkha-nivṛtti in both texts, thereby filling a significant gap in existing scholarship and offering fresh perspectives on suffering, consciousness, and spiritual well-being. (shrink)

This paper examines Aristotle’s two famous claims that man is by nature a political animal, and that he is the only animal who possesses speech and reason (logos). Aristotle’s thesis that man is by nature a political animal is inextricably linked with his thesis that the polis exists by nature. This paper examines the argument that Aristotle develops in Pol. I. 2 to support these two theses. It argues a) that the definition of man as an animal who possesses logos (...) is part of this argument, b) that in the chapter Aristotle understands the term “political animal” not in a broad biological sense but in a narrow sense, c) that Aristotle’s thesis that the polis is “by nature prior to the household and to the individual” is not an independent third theorem – as David Keyt and Fred D. Miller claim – but is part of this argument. (shrink)

The Learning Management System (LMS) Portal is a comprehensive web-based platform designed to facilitate educational institutions in managing and delivering digital learning content. It allows administrators to manage courses, instructors to upload learning materials and assignments, and students to access resources, submit work, and track their progress. The portal simplifies communication between students and educators and supports remote learning environments. With user-friendly interfaces and real-time interaction features, it bridges the gap between traditional classrooms and modern e-learning practices.

The contemporary debate centering round the circumference of feminist discourse has of late been very potent in addressing the issues of certain prejudiced notions in our existing patriarchal structure. This paper is an attempt to show the ongoing paradox existing in the world of feminism which has thoroughly critiqued the patriarchal culture and has naturalized sexual identities, thereby glorifying man’s supremacy and dominion. The patriarchal culture lionized the ideals of brevity, courageousness, and intellect and thought of these as the only (...) special possessions of man in society. The qualities of being submissive, kind and caring in nature is considered to be “ideal” and exclusive qualities of a woman. Even though these qualities are “ideal” to women, they are discarded from being considered as universal in nature and are thought of as insignificant in the mainstream societal structure. These qualities are treated as inferior, and exclusively womanly and hence cannot make their stand in the conventional patriarchal social order. For this reason a dilemmatic situation arises here. My effort is to show that this dilemma cannot be exposed in the sense of gender specific human qualities. (shrink)

ABSTRACT -/- Ayurveda is science of living being with an aim to live healthy life and curing of ailments. Arogyata (healthy life) is root to achieve the purushartha chatushtaya which are dharma(religious rituals), artha, kama and moksha. Kama in society is taken in sexual lust but Vatsayan has described kama as the enjoyment of appropriate objects by the five senses of hear- ing, feeling, seeing, tasting, and smelling, assisted by the mind together with the soul. The ingre- dient in this (...) is a peculiar contact between the organ of sense and its object, and the consciousness of pleasure which arises from that contact is called Kama. A well organised, controlled form of kama comes under brahmacharya. Acharya Charaka has specified brahmacharya among three subpillars which assists in healthy living being. Brahmacharya leads to conservation of shukra dhatu which is essence of ahara. This shukra dhatu is responsible for bala, virya, yash, dhairya, preeti. Development of these qualities assists higher faculty buddhi or pragya not to indulge in pragyaparadh leading to correct decisionary power and patience. Healthy state of mind is achieved with this brahmacharya. Through this paper a review over various parameters of brah- macharya have been discussed and concluded. -/- Keywords: Kama, dhairya, pragyaparadh, health, shukra dhatu. (shrink)

The paper examines Martha Nussbaum’s «Aristotelian Social Democracy», and in particular her appropriation of Aristotle’s political philosophy. The paper questions Nussbaum’s claim that Aristotle’s account of human nature and her capabilities approach are not metaphysical. It critically analyses Nussbaum’s egalitarian interpretation of Aristotle’s doctrine of distributive justice, laying out the primary reasons supporting the thesis that Nussbaum’s «Aristotelian Social Democracy» is incompatible with Aristotle’s non-egalitarian political philosophy.

The paper concentrates on the most pressing question of Indian philosophy: what is the exact connotation of a word or what sort of entity helps us to identify the meaning of a word? The paper focuses on the clash between Realism (Nyāya) and Apoha vāda (Buddhist) regarding the debate whether the meaning of a word is particular/universal or both. The paper asserts that though Naiyāyikas and Mīmāṁsakas challenged against Buddhist Apoha vāda, yet they realized that to establish an opinion in (...) support of a word that conceptually denotes a negative meaning first would be a very difficult task. (shrink)

The fundamental principle holds a strong ground in Ayurveda. Every medical stream has its own science in which its matter is developed, evolved and explained. From creation of living to issues of health, disease and its treatment these fundamental principles are the root. These can be enumerated as Tridosha, Panchamahabhuta, Prakriti, Ojas, Dhatu, Mala, Agni, Manas, Atma etc. They are most unique and original approach to the material creation and it has all scope to incorporate the modern development in the (...) elemental physics. The aim of Ayurveda is to maintain the proper equilibrium of dosa, dhatus, and mala constituent in order to preserve health in a healthy person and cure a disease in a diseased person.The presence of cognition as well as the absence of cognition is an indication of the mind. In the presence of senses with senses object and soul the man does not perceive a thing in the absence of mind that is to say that senses are unable to grasp the object in the absence of Manas. The term Ojas has been used in Ayurveda for the factor which prevents decay and degeneratioif the body and provides strength and support against a disease. Concept of Agni which incorporates all activities and factors responsible for digestion and metabolism in the living organism as known today, knowledge to these fundamental principles is a key to health and diseases .Maintenances of health depend on good and sound knowledge of these. Detail will be given in full paper. Keywords: Ayurveda, health, dosa, Agni, mind. (shrink)

This paper examines the teleological structure of human reason through a comparative analysis of Thomas Aquinas’s doctrine of participation and Ludwig Feuerbach’s theory of anthropological projection, focusing on the perennial question of whether inquiry into God can transcend human-centered cognition. Beginning from the observation that asking “why” presupposes intelligibility and causal explanation, the paper investigates whether this explanatory impulse is rooted in the metaphysical structure of the rational soul or merely reflects psychological and cultural phenomena. Aquinas’s account situates human reason (...) within a metaphysics of creation ex nihilo, where all beings participate in God’s act of being, and the intellect is naturally ordered toward the First Cause and ultimately fulfilled in the beatific vision through divine illumination. Feuerbach, by contrast, interprets theology as anthropology, arguing that God is an inevitable projection of human ideals—reason, will, and affect—externalized to satisfy psychological needs for meaning and infinity. By juxtaposing Aquinas’s participatory epistemology with Feuerbach’s projection thesis, the paper analyzes the limits of human knowledge, the role of abstraction and analogy, and the extent to which human cognition can apprehend God without collapsing into anthropocentrism. A concluding thought experiment concerning the extinction of humanity is employed to test the ontological independence of God from human cognition. The paper argues that while anthropocentrism is unavoidable in the mode of human knowing, Aquinas’s framework preserves divine independence by grounding intelligibility in God as Pure Act, whereas Feuerbach’s account renders theology contingent upon human psychology alone. (shrink)

The paper concentrates on an appreciation of W.V. Quine’s thought on meaning and how it escalates beyond the meaning holism and confirmation holism, thereby paving the way for a ‘meaning nihilism’ and ‘confirmation rejectionism’. My effort would be to see that how could the acceptance of radical naturalism in Quine’s theory of meaning escorts him to the indeterminacy thesis of meaning. There is an interesting shift from epistemology to language as Quine considers that a person who is aware of linguistic (...) trick can be the master of referential language. Another important question is that how could Quine’s radical translation thesis reduce into semantic indeterminacy that is a consequence of his confirmation methord. Even I think that the notion and the analysis of meaning became hopelessly vague in Quine’s later work. I further argue on Quine’s position of meaning that I call, following Hilary Putnam, ‘meaning nihilism’. It seems to me that Quine had no belief like ‘meaning consists in’, or ‘meaning depends on’ something. Through this argument, I would like to challenge the confirmation holism that was foisted by Fodor on Quine’s thesis. My attempt would be to scrutinize Putnam’s point of view that Quine was neither a confirmation holist nor a meaning holist. I think that both Putnam and Quine denied the concept of constitutive connection of meaning as a second grade notion not only from the realm of semantic, but also from the perspective of epistemology. So, linguistic meaning cannot be formed by any sample of its uses. For Quine, the concept of meaning in metaphysics is heuristic and need not be taken seriously in any ‘science worthy’ literature. (shrink)

This article examines Nietzsche’s understanding of happiness and a good life going back to the ancient roots of his thought. It claims that his understanding is oriented by the category of a “form of life” (bios), which is central for Plato’s and Aristotle’s thought on a good and happy life. Like Nietzsche, both ancient philosophers place a life of contemplation at the top of the hierarchy of forms of life. The article argues that Nietzsche should be interpreted as a proponent (...) of a heroic art of living and of heroic philosophical cognition that are connected to his ideal “to live dangerously”. (shrink)

The present article concentrates on understanding the limits of language from the realm of meaning theory as portrayed by Wittgenstein. In the Tractatus, Wittgenstein’s picture theory provides a glimpse of reality by indicating that a picture could be true or false from the perspective of reality. He talks about an internal limitation of language rather than an external limitation of language. In Wittgenstein’s later works like Philosophical Investigations, the concept of picture theory has faded away, and he deeply becomes more (...) interested in the ‘use theory of meaning’ and ‘language game.’ My other attempt in this paper is to show Husserl’s theory of meaning and try to find out its compatibility with Wittgenstein’s thoughts. Husserl thinks that as a part of phenomenological experience, ‘meaning’ should be an act character that Wittgenstein rejected as an appeal of inner experience. Like Mohanty, I also attempt to show the Husserlian idea of meaning as an essence that is related to the meaning rather than linguistics. Both the giants are talking about description of language from different levels. My effort would be to illustrate how these two giant thinkers proclaim their meaning theories in such a way that leads to a well-known internalism versus externalism debate in the philosophy of mind and language. (shrink)

Ayurveda is the science of living being. With the aim of health and procurement of disease it almost covers all facets of life. It includes health of an individual at physical, mental, spiritual, social level. Ayurvedic classics includes brihatrayee samhita like Charak, Sushruta and Ashtanga Hridaya. A review based study of music (geet, sangeet) was done in these classics to explore whether these classics includes any form of music as therapy or not. Based on review of these classics it was (...) found that music in form of geet (vocal or instrument) has been given in contexts like vajikara(aphrodisiac), vata/pitta prakriti (basic consititutional make up), gandharva sattva, madyapana (intake of alcohol), therapy for rajyakshma (immune deficiency diseases), sanyasa (syncope/coma), jivadan (haemetemesis) etc. various swara have been correlated with their pacifying power of three sharirikadoshas viz. vata, pitta and kapha. Also a relationship between various raga of indian classical music have been said to be based on time of its singing which may be used as a therapy to pacify the dearrangement of prevalent doshas. several articles have shown music as therapy in sleep disorder, psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia, cardiovascular, cancer etc. with this paper a perspective of Ayurveda have been explored in music therapeutics. (shrink)

This paper investigates how unity and distinction coexist within a single being by examining Aristotelian metaphysics of act and potency and their development in Thomistic theology. It argues that identity is the persistence of a substance through change, grounded in the actualization of potency by form. In human beings, this unity-in-difference is achieved through the rational soul, which unifies bodily, intellectual, and affective capacities within a composite being. Drawing on Aquinas, the paper contrasts this created, composite unity with divine unity, (...) where God exists as Pure Act without potency or composition. The study further explains how human identity participates analogically in divine unity, while remaining ontologically dependent and metaphysically distinct from God. Finally, the paper clarifies the contrast between human unity and the Trinitarian unity of God, where real distinctions of persons exist without division of essence, thereby highlighting the metaphysical difference between created participation and uncreated simplicity. (shrink)

Ayurveda is science of living being. Aim of Ayurveda is mantainance of healthy life and pacification of diseases of diseased ones. Dharma, artha, kama and moksha these four are together called chaturvidha purushartha which is achieved by arogya (health).Ayurveda holds view of its independent darshanika viewthough it has shades of nearly all six astika darshanas. Mimamsa’s first verse implies its motto to explore Dharma. Ayurveda considers dharma as one of basic component to health. Dharma has been described under trieshana by (...) acharya Bhela. Various conducts are described under sadavritta, achararasayana, moksha marga, naishtikichikitsa. Ayurveda describes three types of treatment which are yuktivyapshraya, daivavyapashraya and sattvavajaya. This daivyapashraya includes mantra, ausadhi, mani, mangal, bali, upahaar, homa, niyama,prayashchita, upawaas, swastyayana, pranipata, gamana etc. These type of methods are widely described in karma kanda of mimamsa darshana. This treatment method has been used in curing of diseases like unmada,graharoga. Methods of yagya has been described as well as used in putreshti and punsawansamskara described in charakasamhita. With this paper karma kanda widely used in treatment has been described in Ayurveda. (shrink)

This paper examines the ethical vision of Maximus the Confessor as a theocentric alternative to both classical anthropocentric ethics and modern normative moral theories. Situating Maximus within the Byzantine synthesis of Greek philosophy and Christian theology, the study analyzes his doctrine of theosis, virtue ethics, and the logoi as a participatory metaphysical framework uniting ethics, cosmology, and Christology. Drawing on Platonic, Aristotelian, Stoic, Neoplatonic, and Patristic sources, Maximus redefines human telos as divinization through the synergy of human freedom and divine (...) grace, rather than eudaimonia, duty, or utility. The paper contrasts this vision with modern ethical systems such as utilitarianism, Kantian deontology, and Rawlsian justice, arguing that their separation of ethics from metaphysics results in moral fragmentation. It further traces Maximus’s influence on Russian Orthodox thought through figures such as Gregory Palamas, Vladimir Solovyov, and Nikolai Berdyaev. The paper concludes that Maximus offers a coherent moral realism grounded in divine participation, capable of addressing modern nihilism, ethical individualism, and contemporary moral challenges by restoring a unified teleological vision of human purpose and cosmic order. (shrink)

The cardinal role that notions of respect and self-respect play in Rawls’s A Theory of Justice has already been abundantly examined in the literature. However, it has hardly been noticed that these notions are also central for Michael Walzer’s Spheres of Justice. Respect and self-respect are not only central topics of his chapter on “recognition”, but constitute a central aim of his whole theory of justice. This paper substantiates this thesis and elucidates Walzer’s criticism of Rawls’s that we need to (...) distinguish between “self-respect” and “self-esteem”. (shrink)

In recent years, there has been a huge resurrection of interest in the idea of ‘analysis,’ encompassing on analytic philosophy. As with any major philosophical movement, it is futile to define or classify any precision of what makes someone an analytic thinker. However, drawing on the startling works by Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein, Dummett and Putnam I clear up some strands, portended by the observation that language is the sole medium of analytic philosophy, so the main focus of analytic philosophy is (...) to understand the structure of language, thought, and meaning. Analytic philosophy pursues a critical analysis on the interface between word and world interrelation in terms of natural language guided by analysis, reasons, clarity and reflective thoughts. In this paper, I will reflect on what this means and why analytic philosophy deserves an initial importance. (shrink)

This adhyatma gyana is also a part of Ayurveda because it is related to human health especially with mental health; A group of diseases is described independently in Sushruta as adhyatmika dukha. Contemporary books also mention adhyatmika dukha and adhyatma has been described in details. The subject matter of adhyatma has been mentioned from different point of view, but in fact the adhyatma is related to atman, as it is knowledge of atman and its related subjects are the knowledgeable materials (...) of adhyatma. Here in thispaper is a brief review of adhyatma ,terminology and its different prospects in ayurveda. (shrink)

My essay will be divided as follows: -/- #1 Analysis of Thomas Kuhn's notion of scientific revolutions; #2 Critical soft spots found in both Kuhn and Polanyi; #3 How Polanyi can enrich Kuhn's description of scientific discoveries.

This paper argues that all synthetic a priori knowledge, as articulated by Immanuel Kant, depends on the mind’s active power of synthesis, which in turn presupposes the transcendental unity of consciousness (apperception). Through an analysis of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and Prolegomena, the paper explains how sensibility, understanding, and reason jointly structure experience via a priori forms, categories, and rules, making necessary and universal knowledge possible. It then applies this Kantian framework to contemporary discussions of Artificial Intelligence, arguing that (...) AI systems, while capable of complex data processing, lack the unified self-consciousness required for genuine synthetic a priori judgment. Because AI operates through empirical correlations and distributed computational processes rather than a singular “I think,” it cannot replicate the active, non-empirical conditions of human cognition. The paper concludes that Kant’s Copernican Revolution remains philosophically significant for clarifying the limits of artificial cognitive agency and the irreducibility of human consciousness. (shrink)

Modern physics provides a complete and empirically robust structural description of reality—specifying relational geometry, dynamics, and lawful regularities—yet remains silent on the intrinsic existential nature that instantiates those relations. Consciousness resists exhaustive reduction to physical processes without leaving an explanatory gap. This paper proposes a minimal ontology in which consciousness is the fundamental, undifferentiated, atemporal, absolute existential ground. Reality manifests as an ordering-constraint sequential differentiation against this absolute, yielding proper time. Physical theories exhaustively describe the emergent differentiated relational structure. Life/subjectivity (...) arises if and only if there exists localized, non-degenerate, entropy-ordered traversal of biological structure, accounting for subjectively experienced relative time. Entropy functions purely as an ordering constraint—enabling memory, causality, and directionality without dynamical causation or metaphysical becoming. Temporal flow thus emerges from ordering within an otherwise static block universe. The framework upholds physical causal closure, introduces no modifications to existing physics, and resolves longstanding conceptual difficulties—including space-time dimensionality, the hard problem paradoxes, quantum measurement, cosmological gradients, personal identity, and false positives (rocks, black holes, Boltzmann brains, equilibrium states, simple machines)—through constraints alone. (shrink)

In the era of big data and distributed ecosystems, understanding the origin, flow, and transformation of data across complex infrastructures is critical for ensuring transparency, accountability, and informed decision-making. As data-driven enterprises increasingly rely on hybrid cloud architectures, data lakes, and real-time pipelines, the complexity of tracking data movement and transformations grows exponentially. Traditional data lineage solutions, often based on static metadata extraction or rule-based approaches, are insufficient in dynamically evolving environments and fail to provide granular, context-aware insights. This research (...) introduces an AI-augmented, cognitive graph-based framework for autonomous data lineage, designed to enhance data traceability in large-scale and heterogeneous data ecosystems. The framework leverages cutting-edge machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), and graph-based reasoning techniques to enable intelligent discovery, semantic interpretation, and continuous monitoring of data assets throughout their lifecycle. The core of the solution lies in the construction of a dynamic cognitive graph that represents relationships between datasets, processes, systems, and users, enriched with contextual annotations and temporal dimensions. Our architecture incorporates self-learning mechanisms, enabling adaptive lineage discovery and automated anomaly detection. By applying reinforcement learning and stream analytics, the framework not only maps data flows in real time but also evolves with system changes, schema variations, and business logic updates. It provides both forward and backward traceability, supports impact analysis, and enhances compliance auditing capabilities. Furthermore, our system is capable of processing both structured and unstructured metadata, employing advanced NLP models to extract implicit lineage information from data dictionaries, SQL queries, and documentation. The result is a holistic, intelligent, and scalable data lineage solution that reduces manual intervention, mitigates operational risks, and supports regulatory compliance frameworks such as GDPR, HIPAA, and SOX. Experimental evaluations conducted in hybrid cloud environments using tools such as Apache Kafka, Neo4j, Spark, and Python-based ML libraries demonstrate a significant improvement in lineage coverage, anomaly detection accuracy, and system scalability. Compared to conventional lineage tools, our AI-augmented framework delivers a 30% increase in traceability precision and a 40% reduction in manual effort required for lineage tracking and governance. This research lays the foundation for a new paradigm in data governance, where AI not only enhances observability but enables autonomous cognition within data infrastructure. The framework is poised to play a critical role in enabling data democratization, operational agility, and enterprise-wide data literacy. (shrink)

Strategic Cost Management (SCM) is a key area of financial planning that enables companies to maximize the utilization of resources, enhance profitability, and reach long-term financial wellness. Differing from traditional cost-cutting, SCM integrates costing, budgeting, and decision-making as an essential part of an overall strategic framework. Techniques such as Activity-Based Costing (ABC), Target Costing, and Life Cycle Costing help organizations determine drivers of cost and align their cost structures with company objectives. SCM also helps in developing budget models, risk minimization (...) strategies, and financial projections that help in ensuring sustainable business development. In spite of its strategic advantage, most companies persist in applying aged practices that only care about reducing costs in the short term at the expense of the long run. The benefits of tools like AI-based cost analysis and real-time financial surveillance are not tapped to their fullest potential, particularly among small and medium-sized firms (SMEs), due to resource inadequacies and skilled manpower deficits. This research delves into SCM's contributions to financial planning and decision-making and provides implementable recommendations to companies, finance professionals, and policymakers. (shrink)

We normally function through the mind without knowing the mechanics of understanding. This book teaches us how to make thoughts and how to control once mind, so that we can live peaceful life and achieve the highest goal of life, i.e. self-realization. Book also deals with the fundamentals of life and spirituality. Book has written in a simple language so that most of the peoples will understand the real essence of the life. The author has discussed about the complex messages (...) of the Vedanta, in a thoughtful manner. The author discusses about Jiva, Jagat, Ishvara and Spiritual life in his book by referencing verses from the Bhagwat Gita, Vedanta and Shrimad Bhagwat Mahapuran in very simple language. The purpose of writing this book is to understand our intrinsic nature. Book is so enriched with the wisdom that everyone should read it at least once. (shrink)

Everything and every word about spirituality have already been said but the practical utility of spiritual wisdom in day to day life to achieve success and live a blissful life is lacking. Spiritual wisdom not only shows us the path of salvation and freedom but also helps us to figure out the solutions for every problem in all walks of human life and civilization. Spirituality is a well-defined, scientific way to get any goal in life whether it is for justified (...) worldly desires or to fulfil the urge of salvation with a blissful route. The book is an important read for the present generation, i.e. our youth as well as the persons those who want to touch the divinity within. Due to the universal nature of Spiritual Wisdom, it is bound to be on the shelves of the coming generation as spiritual science is not something that can be restricted to any one generation. The book itself contains the aura of mysticism and a touch of the great teaching taken from the scriptures. The book will teach how spiritual wisdom may change a person’s life. (shrink)

As in today's fast-changing technological context, organizations more and more need cost-effectiveness to maintain competitiveness and enhance organizational performance. Leading drivers of these trends are automation, cloud technology, data-based decision-making, and agile. Automation improves performance through minimizing redundancy and human mistake, especially supply chain, financial, and customer care processes. Predictive analysis also helps maintain cost savings with forecasting demand and optimization of assets. Cloud computing offers scalable and elastic infrastructure solutions, reducing the costs of traditional IT. Companies such as Netflix (...) and Amazon Web Services illustrate how cloud platforms facilitate dynamic resource allocation and cost-efficient service delivery. Datadriven decision-making enables businesses to gain a deeper understanding of consumer behaviour and market trends. Businesses such as Tesla and Google use big data analytics to optimize supply chains and minimize operational waste, improving responsiveness and profitability. Remote and blended work arrangements, enabled by tools like Zoom and Microsoft Teams, minimize overhead for office space and transportation, with additional saving opportunities. Lean and agile systems, embraced by companies like Toyota and Tesla, enhance flexibility and minimize waste through production and project management. Cybersecurity is an ongoing issue as digital integration continues to grow. Investments made by companies such as IBM and Microsoft in sophisticated security systems reduce financial and reputational risks. Although these measures have definite advantages, difficulties like large initial investment, resistance to change, and data security threats remain. Phased implementation facilitates smooth transitions. Finally, organizations adopting smart technologies and innovation stand a better chance of realizing sustainable cost reductions and long-term profitability. (shrink)