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# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.7
# Opt-in extension dependencies at build time (space-separated directory names).
# Example: docker build --build-arg OPENCLAW_EXTENSIONS="diagnostics-otel matrix" .
#
# Multi-stage build produces a minimal runtime image without build tools,
# source code, or Bun. Works with Docker, Buildx, and Podman.
# The ext-deps stage extracts only the package.json files we need from the
# bundled plugin workspace tree, so the main build layer is not invalidated by
# unrelated plugin source changes.
#
# Two runtime variants:
# Default (bookworm): docker build .
# Slim (bookworm-slim): docker build --build-arg OPENCLAW_VARIANT=slim .
ARG OPENCLAW_EXTENSIONS=""
ARG OPENCLAW_VARIANT=default
ARG OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_PLUGIN_DIR=extensions
ARG OPENCLAW_DOCKER_APT_UPGRADE=1
ARG OPENCLAW_NODE_BOOKWORM_IMAGE="node:24-bookworm@sha256:3a09aa6354567619221ef6c45a5051b671f953f0a1924d1f819ffb236e520e6b"
ARG OPENCLAW_NODE_BOOKWORM_DIGEST="sha256:3a09aa6354567619221ef6c45a5051b671f953f0a1924d1f819ffb236e520e6b"
ARG OPENCLAW_NODE_BOOKWORM_SLIM_IMAGE="node:24-bookworm-slim@sha256:e8e2e91b1378f83c5b2dd15f0247f34110e2fe895f6ca7719dbb780f929368eb"
ARG OPENCLAW_NODE_BOOKWORM_SLIM_DIGEST="sha256:e8e2e91b1378f83c5b2dd15f0247f34110e2fe895f6ca7719dbb780f929368eb"
# Base images are pinned to SHA256 digests for reproducible builds.
# Trade-off: digests must be updated manually when upstream tags move.
# To update, run: docker buildx imagetools inspect node:24-bookworm (or podman)
# and replace the digest below with the current multi-arch manifest list entry.
FROM ${OPENCLAW_NODE_BOOKWORM_IMAGE} AS ext-deps
ARG OPENCLAW_EXTENSIONS
ARG OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_PLUGIN_DIR
COPY ${OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_PLUGIN_DIR} /tmp/${OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_PLUGIN_DIR}
# Copy package.json for opted-in extensions so pnpm resolves their deps.
RUN mkdir -p /out && \
for ext in $OPENCLAW_EXTENSIONS; do \
if [ -f "/tmp/${OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_PLUGIN_DIR}/$ext/package.json" ]; then \
mkdir -p "/out/$ext" && \
cp "/tmp/${OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_PLUGIN_DIR}/$ext/package.json" "/out/$ext/package.json"; \
fi; \
done
# ── Stage 2: Build ──────────────────────────────────────────────
FROM ${OPENCLAW_NODE_BOOKWORM_IMAGE} AS build
ARG OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_PLUGIN_DIR
# Install Bun (required for build scripts). Retry the whole bootstrap flow to
# tolerate transient 5xx failures from bun.sh/GitHub during CI image builds.
RUN set -eux; \
for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do \
if curl --retry 5 --retry-all-errors --retry-delay 2 -fsSL https://bun.sh/install | bash; then \
break; \
fi; \
if [ "$attempt" -eq 5 ]; then \
exit 1; \
fi; \
sleep $((attempt * 2)); \
done
ENV PATH="/root/.bun/bin:${PATH}"
RUN corepack enable
WORKDIR /app
COPY package.json pnpm-lock.yaml pnpm-workspace.yaml .npmrc ./
COPY ui/package.json ./ui/package.json
COPY patches ./patches
COPY scripts/postinstall-bundled-plugins.mjs scripts/npm-runner.mjs ./scripts/
COPY --from=ext-deps /out/ ./${OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_PLUGIN_DIR}/
# Reduce OOM risk on low-memory hosts during dependency installation.
# Docker builds on small VMs may otherwise fail with "Killed" (exit 137).
RUN --mount=type=cache,id=openclaw-pnpm-store,target=/root/.local/share/pnpm/store,sharing=locked \
NODE_OPTIONS=--max-old-space-size=2048 pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
COPY . .
# Normalize extension paths now so runtime COPY preserves safe modes
# without adding a second full extensions layer.
RUN for dir in /app/${OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_PLUGIN_DIR} /app/.agent /app/.agents; do \
if [ -d "$dir" ]; then \
find "$dir" -type d -exec chmod 755 {} +; \
find "$dir" -type f -exec chmod 644 {} +; \
fi; \
done
# A2UI bundle may fail under QEMU cross-compilation (e.g. building amd64
# on Apple Silicon). CI builds natively per-arch so this is a no-op there.
# Stub it so local cross-arch builds still succeed.
RUN pnpm canvas:a2ui:bundle || \
(echo "A2UI bundle: creating stub (non-fatal)" && \
mkdir -p src/canvas-host/a2ui && \
echo "/* A2UI bundle unavailable in this build */" > src/canvas-host/a2ui/a2ui.bundle.js && \
echo "stub" > src/canvas-host/a2ui/.bundle.hash && \
rm -rf vendor/a2ui apps/shared/OpenClawKit/Tools/CanvasA2UI)
RUN pnpm build:docker
# Force pnpm for UI build (Bun may fail on ARM/Synology architectures)
ENV OPENCLAW_PREFER_PNPM=1
RUN pnpm ui:build
# Prune dev dependencies and strip build-only metadata before copying
# runtime assets into the final image.
FROM build AS runtime-assets
RUN CI=true pnpm prune --prod && \
find dist -type f \( -name '*.d.ts' -o -name '*.d.mts' -o -name '*.d.cts' -o -name '*.map' \) -delete
# ── Runtime base images ─────────────────────────────────────────
FROM ${OPENCLAW_NODE_BOOKWORM_IMAGE} AS base-default
ARG OPENCLAW_NODE_BOOKWORM_DIGEST
LABEL org.opencontainers.image.base.name="docker.io/library/node:24-bookworm" \
org.opencontainers.image.base.digest="${OPENCLAW_NODE_BOOKWORM_DIGEST}"
FROM ${OPENCLAW_NODE_BOOKWORM_SLIM_IMAGE} AS base-slim
ARG OPENCLAW_NODE_BOOKWORM_SLIM_DIGEST
LABEL org.opencontainers.image.base.name="docker.io/library/node:24-bookworm-slim" \
org.opencontainers.image.base.digest="${OPENCLAW_NODE_BOOKWORM_SLIM_DIGEST}"
# ── Stage 3: Runtime ────────────────────────────────────────────
FROM base-${OPENCLAW_VARIANT}
ARG OPENCLAW_VARIANT
ARG OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_PLUGIN_DIR
ARG OPENCLAW_DOCKER_APT_UPGRADE
# OCI base-image metadata for downstream image consumers.
# If you change these annotations, also update:
# - docs/install/docker.md ("Base image metadata" section)
# - https://docs.openclaw.ai/install/docker
LABEL org.opencontainers.image.source="https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw" \
org.opencontainers.image.url="https://openclaw.ai" \
org.opencontainers.image.documentation="https://docs.openclaw.ai/install/docker" \
org.opencontainers.image.licenses="MIT" \
org.opencontainers.image.title="OpenClaw" \
org.opencontainers.image.description="OpenClaw gateway and CLI runtime container image"
WORKDIR /app
# Install system utilities present in bookworm but missing in bookworm-slim.
# On the full bookworm image these are already installed (apt-get is a no-op).
# Smoke workflows can opt out of distro upgrades to cut repeated CI time while
# keeping the default runtime image behavior unchanged.
RUN --mount=type=cache,id=openclaw-bookworm-apt-cache,target=/var/cache/apt,sharing=locked \
--mount=type=cache,id=openclaw-bookworm-apt-lists,target=/var/lib/apt,sharing=locked \
apt-get update && \
if [ "${OPENCLAW_DOCKER_APT_UPGRADE}" != "0" ]; then \
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get upgrade -y --no-install-recommends; \
fi && \
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
procps hostname curl git lsof openssl
RUN chown node:node /app
COPY --from=runtime-assets --chown=node:node /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=runtime-assets --chown=node:node /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=runtime-assets --chown=node:node /app/package.json .
COPY --from=runtime-assets --chown=node:node /app/openclaw.mjs .
COPY --from=runtime-assets --chown=node:node /app/${OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_PLUGIN_DIR} ./${OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_PLUGIN_DIR}
COPY --from=runtime-assets --chown=node:node /app/skills ./skills
COPY --from=runtime-assets --chown=node:node /app/docs ./docs
# In npm-installed Docker images, prefer the copied source extension tree for
# bundled discovery so package metadata that points at source entries stays valid.
ENV OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_PLUGINS_DIR=/app/${OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_PLUGIN_DIR}
# Keep pnpm available in the runtime image for container-local workflows.
# Use a shared Corepack home so the non-root `node` user does not need a
# first-run network fetch when invoking pnpm.
ENV COREPACK_HOME=/usr/local/share/corepack
RUN install -d -m 0755 "$COREPACK_HOME" && \
corepack enable && \
for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do \
if corepack prepare "$(node -p "require('./package.json').packageManager")" --activate; then \
break; \
fi; \
if [ "$attempt" -eq 5 ]; then \
exit 1; \
fi; \
sleep $((attempt * 2)); \
done && \
chmod -R a+rX "$COREPACK_HOME"
# Install additional system packages needed by your skills or extensions.
# Example: docker build --build-arg OPENCLAW_DOCKER_APT_PACKAGES="python3 wget" .
ARG OPENCLAW_DOCKER_APT_PACKAGES=""
RUN --mount=type=cache,id=openclaw-bookworm-apt-cache,target=/var/cache/apt,sharing=locked \
--mount=type=cache,id=openclaw-bookworm-apt-lists,target=/var/lib/apt,sharing=locked \
if [ -n "$OPENCLAW_DOCKER_APT_PACKAGES" ]; then \
apt-get update && \
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $OPENCLAW_DOCKER_APT_PACKAGES; \
fi
# Optionally install Chromium and Xvfb for browser automation.
# Build with: docker build --build-arg OPENCLAW_INSTALL_BROWSER=1 ...
# Adds ~300MB but eliminates the 60-90s Playwright install on every container start.
# Must run after node_modules COPY so playwright-core is available.
ARG OPENCLAW_INSTALL_BROWSER=""
RUN --mount=type=cache,id=openclaw-bookworm-apt-cache,target=/var/cache/apt,sharing=locked \
--mount=type=cache,id=openclaw-bookworm-apt-lists,target=/var/lib/apt,sharing=locked \
if [ -n "$OPENCLAW_INSTALL_BROWSER" ]; then \
apt-get update && \
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends xvfb && \
mkdir -p /home/node/.cache/ms-playwright && \
PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_PATH=/home/node/.cache/ms-playwright \
node /app/node_modules/playwright-core/cli.js install --with-deps chromium && \
chown -R node:node /home/node/.cache/ms-playwright; \
fi
# Optionally install Docker CLI for sandbox container management.
# Build with: docker build --build-arg OPENCLAW_INSTALL_DOCKER_CLI=1 ...
# Adds ~50MB. Only the CLI is installed — no Docker daemon.
# Required for agents.defaults.sandbox to function in Docker deployments.
ARG OPENCLAW_INSTALL_DOCKER_CLI=""
ARG OPENCLAW_DOCKER_GPG_FINGERPRINT="9DC858229FC7DD38854AE2D88D81803C0EBFCD88"
RUN --mount=type=cache,id=openclaw-bookworm-apt-cache,target=/var/cache/apt,sharing=locked \
--mount=type=cache,id=openclaw-bookworm-apt-lists,target=/var/lib/apt,sharing=locked \
if [ -n "$OPENCLAW_INSTALL_DOCKER_CLI" ]; then \
apt-get update && \
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
ca-certificates curl gnupg && \
install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings && \
# Verify Docker apt signing key fingerprint before trusting it as a root key.
# Update OPENCLAW_DOCKER_GPG_FINGERPRINT when Docker rotates release keys.
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg -o /tmp/docker.gpg.asc && \
expected_fingerprint="$(printf '%s' "$OPENCLAW_DOCKER_GPG_FINGERPRINT" | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' | tr -d '[:space:]')" && \
actual_fingerprint="$(gpg --batch --show-keys --with-colons /tmp/docker.gpg.asc | awk -F: '$1 == "fpr" { print toupper($10); exit }')" && \
if [ -z "$actual_fingerprint" ] || [ "$actual_fingerprint" != "$expected_fingerprint" ]; then \
echo "ERROR: Docker apt key fingerprint mismatch (expected $expected_fingerprint, got ${actual_fingerprint:-<empty>})" >&2; \
exit 1; \
fi && \
gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg /tmp/docker.gpg.asc && \
rm -f /tmp/docker.gpg.asc && \
chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg && \
printf 'deb [arch=%s signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian bookworm stable\n' \
"$(dpkg --print-architecture)" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list && \
apt-get update && \
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
docker-ce-cli docker-compose-plugin; \
fi
# Expose the CLI binary without requiring npm global writes as non-root.
RUN ln -sf /app/openclaw.mjs /usr/local/bin/openclaw \
&& chmod 755 /app/openclaw.mjs
ENV NODE_ENV=production
# Security hardening: Run as non-root user
# The node:24-bookworm image includes a 'node' user (uid 1000)
# This reduces the attack surface by preventing container escape via root privileges
USER node
# Start gateway server with default config.
# Binds to loopback (127.0.0.1) by default for security.
#
# IMPORTANT: With Docker bridge networking (-p 18789:18789), loopback bind
# makes the gateway unreachable from the host. Either:
# - Use --network host, OR
# - Override --bind to "lan" (0.0.0.0) and set auth credentials
#
# Built-in probe endpoints for container health checks:
# - GET /healthz (liveness) and GET /readyz (readiness)
# - aliases: /health and /ready
# For external access from host/ingress, override bind to "lan" and set auth.
HEALTHCHECK --interval=3m --timeout=10s --start-period=15s --retries=3 \
CMD node -e "fetch('http://127.0.0.1:18789/healthz').then((r)=>process.exit(r.ok?0:1)).catch(()=>process.exit(1))"
CMD ["node", "openclaw.mjs", "gateway", "--allow-unconfigured"]