[[shape]]
[role="xpack"]
[testenv="basic"]
=== Shape field type
++++
<titleabbrev>Shape</titleabbrev>
++++

The `shape` data type facilitates the indexing of and searching
with arbitrary `x, y` cartesian shapes such as rectangles and polygons. It can be
used to index and query geometries whose coordinates fall in a 2-dimensional planar
coordinate system.

You can query documents using this type using
<<query-dsl-shape-query,shape Query>>.

[[shape-mapping-options]]
[discrete]
==== Mapping Options

Like the <<geo-shape, geo_shape>> field type, the `shape` field mapping maps
http://geojson.org[GeoJSON] or https://docs.opengeospatial.org/is/12-063r5/12-063r5.html[Well-Known Text]
(WKT) geometry objects to the shape type. To enable it, users must explicitly map
fields to the shape type.

[cols="<,<,<",options="header",]
|=======================================================================
|Option |Description| Default

|`orientation` |Optionally define how to interpret vertex order for
polygons / multipolygons. This parameter defines one of two coordinate
system rules (Right-hand or Left-hand) each of which can be specified in three
different ways. 1. Right-hand rule: `right`, `ccw`, `counterclockwise`,
2. Left-hand rule: `left`, `cw`, `clockwise`. The default orientation
(`counterclockwise`) complies with the OGC standard which defines
outer ring vertices in counterclockwise order with inner ring(s) vertices (holes)
in clockwise order. Setting this parameter in the geo_shape mapping explicitly
sets vertex order for the coordinate list of a geo_shape field but can be
overridden in each individual GeoJSON or WKT document.
| `ccw`

|`ignore_malformed` |If true, malformed GeoJSON or WKT shapes are ignored. If
false (default), malformed GeoJSON and WKT shapes throw an exception and reject the
entire document.
| `false`

|`ignore_z_value` |If `true` (default) three dimension points will be accepted (stored in source)
but only latitude and longitude values will be indexed; the third dimension is ignored. If `false`,
geo-points containing any more than latitude and longitude (two dimensions) values throw an exception
and reject the whole document.
| `true`

|`coerce` |If `true` unclosed linear rings in polygons will be automatically closed.
| `false`

|=======================================================================

[[shape-indexing-approach]]
[discrete]
==== Indexing approach
Like `geo_shape`, the `shape` field type is indexed by decomposing geometries into
a triangular mesh and indexing each triangle as a 7 dimension point in a BKD tree.
The coordinates provided to the indexer are single precision floating point values so
the field guarantees the same accuracy provided by the java virtual machine (typically
`1E-38`). For polygons/multi-polygons the performance of the tessellator primarily
depends on the number of vertices that define the geometry.

*IMPORTANT NOTES*

`CONTAINS` relation query - `shape` queries with `relation` defined as `contains` are supported
for indices created with ElasticSearch 7.5.0 or higher.

[discrete]
===== Example

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
PUT /example
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "geometry": {
        "type": "shape"
      }
    }
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// TESTSETUP

This mapping definition maps the geometry field to the shape type. The indexer uses single
precision floats for the vertex values so accuracy is guaranteed to the same precision as
`float` values provided by the java virtual machine approximately (typically 1E-38).

[[shape-input-structure]]
[discrete]
==== Input Structure

Shapes can be represented using either the http://geojson.org[GeoJSON]
or https://docs.opengeospatial.org/is/12-063r5/12-063r5.html[Well-Known Text]
(WKT) format. The following table provides a mapping of GeoJSON and WKT
to Elasticsearch types:

[cols="<,<,<,<",options="header",]
|=======================================================================
|GeoJSON Type |WKT Type |Elasticsearch Type |Description

|`Point` |`POINT` |`point` |A single `x, y` coordinate.
|`LineString` |`LINESTRING` |`linestring` |An arbitrary line given two or more points.
|`Polygon` |`POLYGON` |`polygon` |A _closed_ polygon whose first and last point
must match, thus requiring `n + 1` vertices to create an `n`-sided
polygon and a minimum of `4` vertices.
|`MultiPoint` |`MULTIPOINT` |`multipoint` |An array of unconnected, but likely related
points.
|`MultiLineString` |`MULTILINESTRING` |`multilinestring` |An array of separate linestrings.
|`MultiPolygon` |`MULTIPOLYGON` |`multipolygon` |An array of separate polygons.
|`GeometryCollection` |`GEOMETRYCOLLECTION` |`geometrycollection` | A shape collection similar to the
`multi*` shapes except that multiple types can coexist (e.g., a Point and a LineString).
|`N/A` |`BBOX` |`envelope` |A bounding rectangle, or envelope, specified by
specifying only the top left and bottom right points.
|=======================================================================

[NOTE]
=============================================
For all types, both the inner `type` and `coordinates` fields are required.

In GeoJSON and WKT, and therefore Elasticsearch, the correct *coordinate order is (X, Y)*
within coordinate arrays. This differs from many Geospatial APIs (e.g., `geo_shape`) that
typically use the colloquial latitude, longitude (Y, X) ordering.
=============================================

[[point-shape]]
[discrete]
===== http://geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#id2[Point]

A point is a single coordinate in cartesian `x, y` space. It may represent the
location of an item of interest in a virtual world or projected space. The
following is an example of a point in GeoJSON.

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : {
    "type" : "point",
    "coordinates" : [-377.03653, 389.897676]
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------

The following is an example of a point in WKT:

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : "POINT (-377.03653 389.897676)"
}
--------------------------------------------------

[discrete]
[[linestring]]
===== http://geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#id3[LineString]

A `linestring` defined by an array of two or more positions. By
specifying only two points, the `linestring` will represent a straight
line. Specifying more than two points creates an arbitrary path. The
following is an example of a LineString in GeoJSON.

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : {
    "type" : "linestring",
    "coordinates" : [[-377.03653, 389.897676], [-377.009051, 389.889939]]
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------

The following is an example of a LineString in WKT:

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : "LINESTRING (-377.03653 389.897676, -377.009051 389.889939)"
}
--------------------------------------------------

[discrete]
[[polygon]]
===== http://geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#id4[Polygon]

A polygon is defined by a list of a list of points. The first and last
points in each (outer) list must be the same (the polygon must be
closed). The following is an example of a Polygon in GeoJSON.

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : {
    "type" : "polygon",
    "coordinates" : [
      [ [1000.0, -1001.0], [1001.0, -1001.0], [1001.0, -1000.0], [1000.0, -1000.0], [1000.0, -1001.0] ]
    ]
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------

The following is an example of a Polygon in WKT:

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : "POLYGON ((1000.0 -1001.0, 1001.0 -1001.0, 1001.0 -1000.0, 1000.0 -1000.0, 1000.0 -1001.0))"
}
--------------------------------------------------

The first array represents the outer boundary of the polygon, the other
arrays represent the interior shapes ("holes"). The following is a GeoJSON example
of a polygon with a hole:

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : {
    "type" : "polygon",
    "coordinates" : [
      [ [1000.0, -1001.0], [1001.0, -1001.0], [1001.0, -1000.0], [1000.0, -1000.0], [1000.0, -1001.0] ],
      [ [1000.2, -1001.2], [1000.8, -1001.2], [1000.8, -1001.8], [1000.2, -1001.8], [1000.2, -1001.2] ]
    ]
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------

The following is an example of a Polygon with a hole in WKT:

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : "POLYGON ((1000.0 1000.0, 1001.0 1000.0, 1001.0 1001.0, 1000.0 1001.0, 1000.0 1000.0), (1000.2 1000.2, 1000.8 1000.2, 1000.8 1000.8, 1000.2 1000.8, 1000.2 1000.2))"
}
--------------------------------------------------

*IMPORTANT NOTE:* WKT does not enforce a specific order for vertices.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946#section-3.1.6[GeoJSON] mandates that the
outer polygon must be counterclockwise and interior shapes must be clockwise,
which agrees with the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
https://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfa[Simple Feature Access]
specification for vertex ordering.

By default Elasticsearch expects vertices in counterclockwise (right hand rule)
order. If data is provided in clockwise order (left hand rule) the user can change
the `orientation` parameter either in the field mapping, or as a parameter provided
with the document.

The following is an example of overriding the `orientation` parameters on a document:

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : {
    "type" : "polygon",
    "orientation" : "clockwise",
    "coordinates" : [
      [ [1000.0, 1000.0], [1000.0, 1001.0], [1001.0, 1001.0], [1001.0, 1000.0], [1000.0, 1000.0] ]
    ]
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------

[discrete]
[[multipoint]]
===== http://geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#id5[MultiPoint]

The following is an example of a list of geojson points:

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : {
    "type" : "multipoint",
    "coordinates" : [
      [1002.0, 1002.0], [1003.0, 2000.0]
    ]
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------

The following is an example of a list of WKT points:

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : "MULTIPOINT (1002.0 2000.0, 1003.0 2000.0)"
}
--------------------------------------------------

[discrete]
[[multilinestring]]
===== http://geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#id6[MultiLineString]

The following is an example of a list of geojson linestrings:

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : {
    "type" : "multilinestring",
    "coordinates" : [
      [ [1002.0, 200.0], [1003.0, 200.0], [1003.0, 300.0], [1002.0, 300.0] ],
      [ [1000.0, 100.0], [1001.0, 100.0], [1001.0, 100.0], [1000.0, 100.0] ],
      [ [1000.2, 100.2], [1000.8, 100.2], [1000.8, 100.8], [1000.2, 100.8] ]
    ]
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------

The following is an example of a list of WKT linestrings:

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : "MULTILINESTRING ((1002.0 200.0, 1003.0 200.0, 1003.0 300.0, 1002.0 300.0), (1000.0 100.0, 1001.0 100.0, 1001.0 100.0, 1000.0 100.0), (1000.2 0.2, 1000.8 100.2, 1000.8 100.8, 1000.2 100.8))"
}
--------------------------------------------------

[discrete]
[[multipolygon]]
===== http://geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#id7[MultiPolygon]

The following is an example of a list of geojson polygons (second polygon contains a hole):

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : {
    "type" : "multipolygon",
    "coordinates" : [
      [ [[1002.0, 200.0], [1003.0, 200.0], [1003.0, 300.0], [1002.0, 300.0], [1002.0, 200.0]] ],
      [ [[1000.0, 200.0], [1001.0, 100.0], [1001.0, 100.0], [1000.0, 100.0], [1000.0, 100.0]],
        [[1000.2, 200.2], [1000.8, 100.2], [1000.8, 100.8], [1000.2, 100.8], [1000.2, 100.2]] ]
    ]
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------

The following is an example of a list of WKT polygons (second polygon contains a hole):

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : "MULTIPOLYGON (((1002.0 200.0, 1003.0 200.0, 1003.0 300.0, 1002.0 300.0, 102.0 200.0)), ((1000.0 100.0, 1001.0 100.0, 1001.0 100.0, 1000.0 100.0, 1000.0 100.0), (1000.2 100.2, 1000.8 100.2, 1000.8 100.8, 1000.2 100.8, 1000.2 100.2)))"
}
--------------------------------------------------

[discrete]
[[geometry_collection]]
===== http://geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#geometrycollection[Geometry Collection]

The following is an example of a collection of geojson geometry objects:

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : {
    "type": "geometrycollection",
    "geometries": [
      {
        "type": "point",
        "coordinates": [1000.0, 100.0]
      },
      {
        "type": "linestring",
        "coordinates": [ [1001.0, 100.0], [1002.0, 100.0] ]
      }
    ]
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------

The following is an example of a collection of WKT geometry objects:

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : "GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POINT (1000.0 100.0), LINESTRING (1001.0 100.0, 1002.0 100.0))"
}
--------------------------------------------------

[discrete]
===== Envelope

Elasticsearch supports an `envelope` type, which consists of coordinates
for upper left and lower right points of the shape to represent a
bounding rectangle in the format `[[minX, maxY], [maxX, minY]]`:

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : {
    "type" : "envelope",
    "coordinates" : [ [1000.0, 100.0], [1001.0, 100.0] ]
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------

The following is an example of an envelope using the WKT BBOX format:

*NOTE:* WKT specification expects the following order: minLon, maxLon, maxLat, minLat.

[source,console]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /example/_doc
{
  "location" : "BBOX (1000.0, 1002.0, 2000.0, 1000.0)"
}
--------------------------------------------------

[discrete]
==== Sorting and Retrieving index Shapes

Due to the complex input structure and index representation of shapes,
it is not currently possible to sort shapes or retrieve their fields
directly. The `shape` value is only retrievable through the `_source`
field.
