Showing 1–50 of 547 results for author: Jiang, J

Highly organized smectic-like packing in vapor-deposited glasses of a liquid crystal

Authors: Ankit Gujral, Jaritza Gomez, Jing Jiang, Chengbin Huang, Kathryn A. OHara, Michael F. Toney, Michael L. Chabinyc, Lian Yu, M. D. Ediger

Abstract: Glasses of a model smectic liquid crystal-forming molecule, itraconazole, were prepared by vapor deposition onto substrates with temperatures ranging from Tsubstrate = 0.78 Tg to 1.02 Tg, where Tg = 330 K is the glass transition temperature. The films were characterized using x-ray scattering techniques. For Tsubstrate near and below Tg, glasses with layered smectic-like structures can be prepared… ▽ More Glasses of a model smectic liquid crystal-forming molecule, itraconazole, were prepared by vapor deposition onto substrates with temperatures ranging from Tsubstrate = 0.78 Tg to 1.02 Tg, where Tg = 330 K is the glass transition temperature. The films were characterized using x-ray scattering techniques. For Tsubstrate near and below Tg, glasses with layered smectic-like structures can be prepared and the layer spacing can be tuned by 16% through choice of Tsubstrate. Remarkably, glasses prepared with Tsubstrate above Tg exhibit much higher structural organization than a thermally annealed film. These results are explained by a mechanism based upon preferred molecular orientation and enhanced molecular motion at the free surface, indicating that molecular organization in the glass is independent of the anchoring preferred at the substrate. These results suggest new strategies of optimizing molecular packing within active layers of organic electronic and optoelectronic devices. △ Less

Submitted 20 August, 2026; originally announced August 2026.

Comments: 7 figures, 50 references, 35 pages; Supplemental information (3 figures)

Journal ref: Chem. Mater. 2017, 29, 849-858

Quantum-Device Simulation of Optical Decoherence of Hole-Spin Qubits in Self-Assembled Quantum Dots

Authors: Jyun-Jie Jiang, Pericles Philippopoulos, Félix Beaudoin, Hong Guo

Abstract: Spin-photon interfaces are essential for communications between distant spin qubits in quantum technologies, but the interband optical excitation can also damp electrically driven hole-spin Rabi oscillations in semiconductor self-assembled quantum dots (SAQDs). We report a device-level modeling workflow that integrates realistic SAQD geometry and multiband electronic-structure analysis with models… ▽ More Spin-photon interfaces are essential for communications between distant spin qubits in quantum technologies, but the interband optical excitation can also damp electrically driven hole-spin Rabi oscillations in semiconductor self-assembled quantum dots (SAQDs). We report a device-level modeling workflow that integrates realistic SAQD geometry and multiband electronic-structure analysis with models of electrically driven spin control, interband optical transitions, and open-system dynamics. This workflow enables device-level estimation of Rabi-oscillation damping arising from repeated interband absorption-emission cycles. As an example, for a gated GaAs SAQD subjected to a uniform magnetic field $B_0$ along the growth direction of the SAQD, we predict the Rabi frequency of the hole spin qubit and its damping under external illumination. At $B_0=2$ T, the calculations yield a hole-spin Rabi frequency of 37.3 MHz. When the electrically driven SAQD is illuminated by a broadband LED centered at a wavelength of 790 nm, increasing the optical power from 0.3 to 1.5 mW shortens the Rabi-oscillation decay time from 90.3 to 17.5 ns. Increasing the SAQD height reduces the electron-hole overlap and thus the emission rate, but the resulting redshift moves the interband transitions into stronger spectral overlap with the LED spectrum, thereby increasing the rate of repeated absorption-emission cycles and enhancing photon-induced Rabi-oscillation damping. The results show that geometry, spin-control conditions, and illumination spectrum should be co-optimized in semiconductor spin-photon devices. △ Less

Submitted 9 August, 2026; originally announced August 2026.

Gate-tunable electronic properties of epitaxial Bi (111) films using a printable hexagonal boron nitride ionogel

Authors: Jagannath Jena, Heather E. Kurtz, Siddhesh Ambhire, Justin S. Wood, Fateme Mahdikhany, Junyi Yang, Eugene Ark, Vinod K. Sangwan, J. Samuel Jiang, Steven S. -L. Zhang, Mark C. Hersam, Anand Bhattacharya

Abstract: Achieving effective electrostatic control of carrier transport in semimetals remains challenging due to strong screening and multiband effects. We report efficient low voltage top gated control of electronic transport in epitaxial Bi (111) thin films grown on GaAs (111) substrates using a printable hexagonal boron nitride ionogel. Magnetotransport measurements reveal pronounced nonlinear Hall cond… ▽ More Achieving effective electrostatic control of carrier transport in semimetals remains challenging due to strong screening and multiband effects. We report efficient low voltage top gated control of electronic transport in epitaxial Bi (111) thin films grown on GaAs (111) substrates using a printable hexagonal boron nitride ionogel. Magnetotransport measurements reveal pronounced nonlinear Hall conductivities arising from multiband electron and hole contributions. Remarkably, the application of a small gate voltage (less than 0.4 V in magnitude) leads to a systematic evolution of the low field Hall conductivity slope and the electron-hole compensation point. The response to gate voltage depends upon thickness and temperature. The observed behavior cannot be explained by a conventional Fermi level shift with rigid bands and instead indicates a non rigid band response associated with multiband effects and a gat tunable Rashba spin orbit coupling. Our results establish printable ionogel gating as a powerful approach to tune multiband transport in topological semimetals. △ Less

Submitted 7 August, 2026; originally announced August 2026.

Comments: 19 pages, including 4 Figures and References

An Experimental Scheme for Testing Molecular Rectification with Only Micrometer-Scale Fabrication Requirements

Authors: Jiantang Jiang

Abstract: In our previous work, we proposed a theoretical model capable of inducing sustained directed transport without consuming information or external energy. However, the experimental verification schemes proposed previously were technically challenging, and the model has therefore not yet been experimentally tested. In this work, we propose a greatly simplified experimental design. By introducing hydr… ▽ More In our previous work, we proposed a theoretical model capable of inducing sustained directed transport without consuming information or external energy. However, the experimental verification schemes proposed previously were technically challenging, and the model has therefore not yet been experimentally tested. In this work, we propose a greatly simplified experimental design. By introducing hydrophilic functional groups onto the tip of a gold needle through surface modification and pressing the needle against one of two liquid-vapor interfaces, the compressed interface is maintained at a higher ionic concentration than the other interface, thereby sustaining a concentration difference between them. This design reduces the fabrication requirement from the nanometer scale to the micrometer scale, substantially lowering experimental complexity and facilitating experimental examination of the proposed mechanism. △ Less

Submitted 24 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Ferrimagnetic Skyrmions in a Tetragonal Mn1.9Co0.1Sb Single Crystal at Room Temperature

Authors: Huanhuan Zhang, YaJiao Ke, Weiwei Wang, Lingyao Kong, Lin Chen, Sheng Qiu, Jialiang Jiang, Yongsen Zhang, Youhong Peng, Yaodong Wu, Mingliang Tian, Haifeng Du, Jin Tang

Abstract: The development of room temperature small-sized ferrimagnetic skyrmion materials is significant for topological spintronic device applications. As a room temperature ferrimagnetic material, the tetragonal Mn1.9Co0.1Sb crystal exhibits multiple phase transitions, including spin reorientation transitions. However, the magnetic spin textures and their evolution mechanisms during magnetic phase transi… ▽ More The development of room temperature small-sized ferrimagnetic skyrmion materials is significant for topological spintronic device applications. As a room temperature ferrimagnetic material, the tetragonal Mn1.9Co0.1Sb crystal exhibits multiple phase transitions, including spin reorientation transitions. However, the magnetic spin textures and their evolution mechanisms during magnetic phase transitions in Mn1.9Co0.1Sb crystals remain unexplored. Using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, we discovered and verified dipolar skyrmion behavior and its magnetic evolution at room temperature. We established a stable phase diagram of magnetic textures as functions of temperature and magnetic field, while also investigating the evolution mechanisms of spin textures across multiple temperature-induced magnetic phase transitions. Through micromagnetic simulations, a ferrimagnetic configuration with in-plane ferromagnetic coupling and interlayer antiferromagnetic arrangement was established, which stands in contrast to synthetic ferrimagnetic/antiferromagnetic systems that exhibit interlayer antiferromagnetic coupling via the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction. We determined that the intrinsic frequency of ferrimagnetic skyrmions can reach the THz regime due to strong interlayer antiparallel exchange interactions. These findings highlight the diversity of room temperature ferrimagnetic skyrmion regulation behaviors in Mn1.9Co0.1Sb and their dynamic evolution characteristics, opening new avenues for developing novel spintronic devices with enhanced functionalities capable of operating under ambient conditions. △ Less

Submitted 23 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Journal ref: Advanced Functional Materials 36(33)(2026)

Enhanced Curie temperature and room-temperature 50-nm skyrmions achieved in hexagonal ferromagnet Mn5Ge3+x synthesized via a high-pressure method

Authors: Yongsen Zhang, Wei Liu, Meng Shi, Shuisen Zhang, Sheng Qiu, Yaodong Wu, Jialiang Jiang, Huanhuan Zhang, Hui Han, Kang Wang, Dingfu Shao, Zhenfa Zi, Chao Ma, Haifeng Du, Mingliang Tian, Shouguo Wang, Jin Tang

Abstract: The development of new high-temperature ultrasmall-size skyrmion materials holds immense significance for the promising applications of topological spintronic devices. In this study, we demonstrate that a high-pressure synthesis technique can significantly elevate the Curie temperature of Mn5Ge3+x crystals, from 294 K to 350 K. This enhancement is attributed to the combined effects of lattice cont… ▽ More The development of new high-temperature ultrasmall-size skyrmion materials holds immense significance for the promising applications of topological spintronic devices. In this study, we demonstrate that a high-pressure synthesis technique can significantly elevate the Curie temperature of Mn5Ge3+x crystals, from 294 K to 350 K. This enhancement is attributed to the combined effects of lattice contraction and increased Ge content, the conclusion supported by Density Functional Theory calculations. Additionally, our real-space magnetic imaging reveals the stability of dipolar skyrmions with diameters of approximately 50 nm at room temperature. Our micromagnetic simulations closely replicate the diverse experimental topological magnetic textures observed. Furthermore, magnetotransport measurements indicate the potential for the electrical distinction between various topological magnetic textures in skyrmion-based devices. We also report deterministic manipulations on single dipolar skyrmions in confined nanostructures by using in-plane currents. The observation, electrical manipulation, and electrical detection of room-temperature ultrasmall topological magnetic textures underscore the potential of Mn5Ge3+x as a promising platform for spintronic device applications. △ Less

Submitted 23 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Journal ref: Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 69, 247511 (2026)

Current-induced creation and dynamics of embedded magnetic skyrmion bags

Authors: Yaodong Wu, Jialiang Jiang, Lingyao Kong, Meng Shi, Shouguo Wang, Mingliang Tian, Haifeng Du, Jin Tang

Abstract: Magnetic skyrmion bags-vortex-like structures hosting multiple skyrmions with tunable topological charge (Q)-hold significant promise for next-generation spintronic computing. However, while their creation using magnetic fields has been demonstrated, their direct electrical generation remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we report the direct current-induced formation and manipulation of embedde… ▽ More Magnetic skyrmion bags-vortex-like structures hosting multiple skyrmions with tunable topological charge (Q)-hold significant promise for next-generation spintronic computing. However, while their creation using magnetic fields has been demonstrated, their direct electrical generation remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we report the direct current-induced formation and manipulation of embedded skyrmion bags in a FeGe nanoplate under zero magnetic field. Using in-situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, we capture the transformation of a distorted helical ground state into embedded skyrmion bags with diverse configurations, driven by nanosecond current pulses. Theoretical analysis indicates that this process is driven by the spin-transfer-torque-induced fracture of the helical state. Furthermore, we demonstrate electrically-induced transitions between skyrmion bags of different Q, leading to the stabilization of complex three-dimensional topological structures, including experimental signatures of magnetic monopoles and bobbers. Our work establishes a foundation for all-electrical control of high-Q topological spin textures and topological defects, paving the way for their application in functional spintronic devices. △ Less

Submitted 23 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Journal ref: Nature Communications 2026

Moiré Phonon Condensation in Magic-Angle Twisted Bilayer Graphene

Authors: Zhanghao Zhouyin, Jyun-jie Jiang, Xianghua Kong, Hong Guo

Abstract: Twisted bilayer graphene reconstructs from weak breathing corrugation to large common bending near the magic angle, but the origin of this collective crossover has remained unclear. Here we show that the crossover is a soft-mode condensation of layer-symmetric $A_1$ moiré flexural phonons: these modes soften on the breathing branch, lose stiffness near the magic angle, and freeze into the bending… ▽ More Twisted bilayer graphene reconstructs from weak breathing corrugation to large common bending near the magic angle, but the origin of this collective crossover has remained unclear. Here we show that the crossover is a soft-mode condensation of layer-symmetric $A_1$ moiré flexural phonons: these modes soften on the breathing branch, lose stiffness near the magic angle, and freeze into the bending morphology. We call this mechanism Moiré Phonon Condensation (MPC). At $θ=1.08^\circ$, it is extremely surprising that displacements of all 11164 atoms in the moiré supercell, with a maximum atomic position shift of 2.30 Angstrom, is captured by only two $A_1$ phonon modes at more than $99.5\%$ spectral weight. A first-harmonic continuum theory identifies a dimensionless control parameter of the phenomenon, showing that as the twist approaches the magic angle, the growing moiré length scale amplifies a smooth stress-bending competition until the flexural stiffness changes sign. Mode-resolved tight-binding calculations further show that the condensed phonon coordinates are electronically active. This work identifies MPC as a twist-controlled structural order parameter for moiré reconstruction. △ Less

Submitted 7 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Comments: 7 pages, 4 figures

Selective stabilization of antiferromagnetic orders in FeTe films via local strain engineering

Authors: Hao Xu, Jing Jiang, Xuesong Gai, Haicheng Lin, Kai Liu, Zhong-Yi Lu, Kai Chang, Chong Liu

Abstract: The parent compound FeTe hosts a complex magnetic landscape that is highly susceptible to lattice distortions. Although theoretical models have predicted a bicollinear to dimer antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase transition under tensile strain, its experimental realization and deterministic control has remained elusive owing to severe magnetic frustration. Here, combining high-resolution scanning tunne… ▽ More The parent compound FeTe hosts a complex magnetic landscape that is highly susceptible to lattice distortions. Although theoretical models have predicted a bicollinear to dimer antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase transition under tensile strain, its experimental realization and deterministic control has remained elusive owing to severe magnetic frustration. Here, combining high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate the selective stabilization of bicollinear and dimer AFM orders in few-layer FeTe films via local uniaxial strain engineering. By mapping the strain fields near dislocation areas in FeTe films and FeTe/FeSe heterostructures, we establish a direct correspondence between specific strain components and the resulting magnetic ground states. We find that uniaxial compression along the Fe-Fe next-nearest-neighbor direction stabilizes the bicollinear AFM order, with the stripe orientation aligning parallel to the compression axis. Crucially, we report the experimental realization of the long-range dimer AFM order, which emerges under anisotropic strain along the Fe-Fe nearest-neighbor direction. This phase manifests as a distinct $\sqrt{2} \times \sqrt{2}$ electronic reconstruction and shares a common Neel temperature with the bicollinear phase. Our findings reveal that anisotropic strain effectively lifts the magnetic degeneracy among competing states. This work provides a robust strategy for the manipulation of elusive magnetic orders and offers insights into the interplay between lattice, spin, and electronic degrees of freedom in iron-based superconductors. △ Less

Submitted 11 June, 2026; originally announced June 2026.

Artificial Intelligence for Instability in Inorganic Perovskites: From Mechanism Discovery to Engineering Strategies

Authors: Xue Zhao, Chuan-Xin Cui, Zi-Hao Xu, Yuan-Long Pang, Jun-Jie Li, Jin-Wu Jiang

Abstract: Three-dimensional all-inorganic halide perovskites, represented by CsPbX$_3$ (X = Cl, Br, I), have attracted broad interest in photovoltaics, photodetectors, and light-emitting devices because of their outstanding optoelectronic properties. Their practical deployment, however, remains limited by instability under thermal, chemical, optical, and electrical stress. Conventional studies have establis… ▽ More Three-dimensional all-inorganic halide perovskites, represented by CsPbX$_3$ (X = Cl, Br, I), have attracted broad interest in photovoltaics, photodetectors, and light-emitting devices because of their outstanding optoelectronic properties. Their practical deployment, however, remains limited by instability under thermal, chemical, optical, and electrical stress. Conventional studies have established important experimental and theoretical foundations, but they still struggle with multimodal data, coupled degradation pathways, protocol dependence, sparse statistics, and uncertainty quantification. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a practical route to address these limitations. This review summarizes recent progress in AI-assisted studies of instability in 3D CsPbX$_3$ and organizes the discussion around four linked tasks, including stability discrimination and diagnosis, microscopic mechanism analysis, consequence and reliability modeling, and engineering stability enhancement. We further discuss the main limitations of current methods, especially in data quality, protocol consistency, benchmark design, interpretability, and transferability across domains. Finally, we outline future directions for the field, including standardized data infrastructures, interpretable cross-scale models, and tighter integration of AI with automated experiments and physics-based modeling. The aim of this review is to provide a coherent and practically useful framework for researchers seeking to use AI to understand, predict, and mitigate instability in inorganic perovskites. △ Less

Submitted 8 June, 2026; originally announced June 2026.

Comments: 6 figures

Tailoring pure valley-Zeeman spin-orbit coupling in WSe$_2$-encapsulated monolayer graphene

Authors: Yaqing Han, Siqi Jiang, Jingkuan Xiao, Jiawei Jiang, Yulu Liu, Jiabei Huang, Yu Du, Di Zhang, Fuzhuo Lian, Wanting Xu, Siqin Wang, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Xiaoxiang Xi, Alexander S. Mayorov, Renjun Du, Kai Chang, Hongxin Yang, Lei Wang, Geliang Yu

Abstract: Engineering proximity effects in twisted van der Waals heterostructures offers a powerful platform for designing electronic properties. While theoretical predictions of quantum interference in transition metal dichalcogenide-encapsulated graphene can selectively control the spin-orbit coupling component, experimental realizations have remained elusive. Here, we report pure valley-Zeeman spin-orbit… ▽ More Engineering proximity effects in twisted van der Waals heterostructures offers a powerful platform for designing electronic properties. While theoretical predictions of quantum interference in transition metal dichalcogenide-encapsulated graphene can selectively control the spin-orbit coupling component, experimental realizations have remained elusive. Here, we report pure valley-Zeeman spin-orbit coupling in monolayer graphene, achieved by encapsulation between two parallel twisted WSe$_2$ monolayers. We observed a symmetry-enforced reordering of Landau levels, which is driven by the competition between the fixed valley-Zeeman energy and the magnetic-field-dependent cyclotron energy. This reordering is characterized by a transition from symmetry-broken states in the quantum Hall effect to a restored fourfold degeneracy with integer or half-integer quantum Hall sequences. We also demonstrate the ability to completely quench the proximity spin-orbit coupling by tuning the encapsulated geometry. △ Less

Submitted 2 June, 2026; originally announced June 2026.

Comments: accepted in Physical Review Letters

Atomic Structure of Amorphous Optical Coatings of TiO$_2$-doped GeO$_2$ by Grazing-Incidence Total X-ray Scattering Measurements

Authors: K. Prasai, J. Jiang, K. Lee, L. Yang, M. Chicoine, S. Khadka, A. Markosyan, A. Mehta, C. S. Menoni, S. Patel, F. Schiettekatte, B. Shyam, G. Vajente, H-P Cheng, M. M. Fejer, R. Bassiri

Abstract: Reducing coating thermal noise in future gravitational-wave detectors requires identifying the atomic motifs that control mechanical loss in amorphous optical coatings. We combine grazing-incidence X-ray pair distribution function measurements with atomic-structure modeling to study amorphous TiO$_2$-doped GeO$_2$ films over Ti cation concentrations from $\sim$11 % to $\sim$48 %, before and after… ▽ More Reducing coating thermal noise in future gravitational-wave detectors requires identifying the atomic motifs that control mechanical loss in amorphous optical coatings. We combine grazing-incidence X-ray pair distribution function measurements with atomic-structure modeling to study amorphous TiO$_2$-doped GeO$_2$ films over Ti cation concentrations from $\sim$11 % to $\sim$48 %, before and after annealing. The structural analysis reveals systematic composition- and annealing-dependent changes in short- and intermediate-range order. Increasing Ti content raises the average Ti coordination and promotes edge- and face-sharing polyhedral connections, while Ge remains predominantly fourfold coordinated. Annealing reduces these compact shared-polyhedron motifs and sharpens the first sharp diffraction peak, indicating a more relaxed intermediate-range network. Among the structural descriptors examined, the clearest correlation with the annealing-induced reduction in mechanical loss is the decrease in edge- and face-sharing polyhedra. These results connect composition, annealing, atomic structure, and mechanical dissipation in TiO$_2$-doped GeO$_2$, providing microscopic guidance for optimizing low-noise mirror coatings. △ Less

Submitted 25 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

Colossal Type-II Multiferroic Polarization Driven by Collinear Spin Orders

Authors: Chengxi Huang, Xinhai Tu, Jintao Jiang, Xiangang Wan, Erjun Kan

Abstract: Achieving strong magnetoelectric coupling (MEC) together with large ferroelectric polarization remains a central challenge in type-II multiferroics. In conventional spin-driven multiferroics, the induced polarization is usually mediated by spin-orbit coupling (SOC) or spin-lattice coupling (SLC). Since many representative systems are based on 3d transition-metal ions, where SOC is relatively weak… ▽ More Achieving strong magnetoelectric coupling (MEC) together with large ferroelectric polarization remains a central challenge in type-II multiferroics. In conventional spin-driven multiferroics, the induced polarization is usually mediated by spin-orbit coupling (SOC) or spin-lattice coupling (SLC). Since many representative systems are based on 3d transition-metal ions, where SOC is relatively weak and SLC-induced lattice distortions are often limited, their polarizations are typically much smaller than those of proper ferroelectrics. Moreover, electric polarizations in type-II multiferroics are generally induced by spiral spin orders stabilized by competing magnetic interactions, which often leads to relatively low magnetic transition temperatures. In this Letter, using spin-group symmetry, we propose an SOC- and SLC-independent route to MEC in collinear 3d magnetic systems. We show that, even for a noncentrosymmetric lattice structure, different collinear magnetic configurations can either forbid or allow electric polarization, indicating direct magnetic control of polarization and hence strong MEC. The first-principles calculations excluding SOC on monolayer 2H-VS2 support this picture: a collinear stripy antiferromagnetic order induces an in-plane ferroelectric polarization up to 25.00 μC/cm2, about two orders of magnitude larger than that of typical type-II multiferroics. Furthermore, our microscopic model suggests that the induced polarization originates from SOC-independent p-d hybridization governed by electronic hopping. Our results suggest a possible route toward type-II multiferroics combining strong MEC with large electronic polarization in collinear 3d magnetic systems. △ Less

Submitted 22 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

Comments: 15pages, 3 figures

Topological phononics

Authors: Zeguo Chen, Tiantian Zhang, Xulong Wang, Jiangxu Li, Zhi-Kang Lin, Feng Gao, Li-Wei Wang, Yizhou Liu, Qi Wang, Xiujuan Zhang, Guancong Ma, Xingqiu Chen, Minghui Lu, Yanfeng Chen, Jian-Hua Jiang

Abstract: Topological phononics extends the foundational concepts of topological condensed matter physics to the realm of lattice vibrations and classical mechanical waves, unlocking robust, defect-immune states and phenomena beyond the reach of conventional phononic engineering. This review provides a unified, systematic framework for understanding topological phonons across natural and artificial systems,… ▽ More Topological phononics extends the foundational concepts of topological condensed matter physics to the realm of lattice vibrations and classical mechanical waves, unlocking robust, defect-immune states and phenomena beyond the reach of conventional phononic engineering. This review provides a unified, systematic framework for understanding topological phonons across natural and artificial systems, spanning solid-state materials, acoustic/mechanical metamaterials, and non-Hermitian platforms. We cover the core theoretical principles -- from Berry curvature and symmetry-protected topological invariants to bulk-boundary correspondence -- alongside experimental advances in probing topological phonon states via inelastic scattering and momentum-resolved techniques for solid-state phonons as well as pump-probe measurements in acoustic/mechanical metamaterials. Key topics include Weyl/Dirac/nodal-line phonons in crystalline solids, symmetry-engineered topological phases in metamaterials, non-Hermitian effects (exceptional points, skin effect), and emergent directions such as Floquet engineering, synthetic dimensions, and real-space topological textures (skyrmions, merons). We also highlight technological applications in robust waveguides, on-chip surface-acoustic-wave devices, and acoustofluidics, while outlining future challenges and opportunities in quantum phononics, nonlinear topological phenomena, and interdisciplinary integration with photonics and electronics. This review serves as a comprehensive guide across physics, materials science, and engineering, bridging fundamental theory with cutting-edge experiments and innovations in topological phononics. △ Less

Submitted 20 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

Comments: All comments are welcome

Electric-field control of hydrogen bonding via interfacial charge at atomic resolution

Authors: Nassar Doudin, Jian Jiang, Chun Tang, Xiao Cheng Zeng, Mohammed Th. Hassan

Abstract: Hydrogen-bond networks govern molecular structure and function across chemistry, biology and materials science, yet their deterministic control at the atomic scale remains a central challenge (1-9).Here, we directly visualize how an external electric field enables reversible control of a hydrogen-bond network in monolayer ice on graphite through interfacial charge redistribution. Low-temperature s… ▽ More Hydrogen-bond networks govern molecular structure and function across chemistry, biology and materials science, yet their deterministic control at the atomic scale remains a central challenge (1-9).Here, we directly visualize how an external electric field enables reversible control of a hydrogen-bond network in monolayer ice on graphite through interfacial charge redistribution. Low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy reveals a field-driven transition from a mobile, physisorbed, non-wetting water phase to an ordered hexagonal monolayer, enabling deterministic nucleation, growth and complete wetting on an otherwise inert surface. Systematic variation of the field induces continuous lattice strain coexisting with discrete conductance states, revealing coupled structural and electronic responses. Reversal of the field polarity drives collective dipolar inversion, enabling switching between symmetry-equivalent configurations without disrupting the lattice. Supported by first-principles theory and bias-dependent imaging, these effects arise from field-induced modification of the interfacial electronic structure rather than purely geometric or orientational effects. These results establish interfacial charge redistribution as a general mechanism for electrically programming hydrogen-bond networks, providing a route to control molecular organization, electronic properties and collective dipolar order at interfaces. △ Less

Submitted 27 April, 2026; originally announced April 2026.

Comments: 29 pages, 4 gigures

Charge Transport Capacity as a Probe of Resonances in Models of Many-Body Localization

Authors: Jessica Kaijia Jiang, Federica Maria Surace, Olexei I. Motrunich

Abstract: The fate of Many-Body Localization (MBL) in the thermodynamic limit remains elusive, partly because numerical studies suffer from unexplained finite-size effects. We introduce and numerically study the charge transport capacity (CTC) -- a quantity that upper bounds the number of particles that can ever be transported across a central cut of a 1D lattice. For ergodic systems, the CTC is linear with… ▽ More The fate of Many-Body Localization (MBL) in the thermodynamic limit remains elusive, partly because numerical studies suffer from unexplained finite-size effects. We introduce and numerically study the charge transport capacity (CTC) -- a quantity that upper bounds the number of particles that can ever be transported across a central cut of a 1D lattice. For ergodic systems, the CTC is linear with the system size $L$, while we expect it to be $O(1)$ for localized models. Surprisingly, in the interacting Anderson model for numerically accessible $L$, the disorder-averaged CTC is small, but grows with $L$ at an increasing rate. Moreover, this growth rate appears to be independent of the disorder strength $W$ at very large $W$. We find that, for these system sizes, this growth occurs because, as $L$ increases, many-body resonances that transport more charge across the cut become more likely. Using a perturbative model for the weakly interacting regime, we provide an understanding of the microscopic origins of the growth of these charge transport resonances (CTRs). We find that the CTRs are sensitive to charge configurations over a spatial region whose size is set by the range of the resonance, not by $W$, and that numerics cannot access system sizes where their behavior will converge. However, this effective model is consistent with a regime of strong disorder where, for large $L$, resonances are exponentially suppressed in their size. Finally, we study measures of average charge transport and suggest that for strong enough disorder, average product states can only transfer $O(1)$ charge. Our work suggests that the unsettled growth of short-ranged many-body resonances with $L$ contributes to the numerical drift towards thermalization at numerically accessible system sizes, and provides an understanding of how they can remain controlled or eventually destabilize the MBL phase. △ Less

Submitted 26 June, 2026; v1 submitted 20 April, 2026; originally announced April 2026.

Comments: 52 pages, 27 figures

Non-Hermitian reshaping of high-order Landau modes

Authors: Zhihao Wang, Jie Jiang, Yanji Zheng, Wen Zhao, Chenyang Wang, Zhiwei Guo, Yong-Chun Liu, Shuang Zhang, Cuicui Lu

Abstract: When charged particles are subjected to strong magnetic fields, they form discrete energy levels known as Landau levels. The Landau levels consist of a series of degenerate states of Landau modes, making them a promising platform for large-capacity information processing. However, to date, exploiting the high-order Landau modes and control their spatial distributions has remained elusive. Here, we… ▽ More When charged particles are subjected to strong magnetic fields, they form discrete energy levels known as Landau levels. The Landau levels consist of a series of degenerate states of Landau modes, making them a promising platform for large-capacity information processing. However, to date, exploiting the high-order Landau modes and control their spatial distributions has remained elusive. Here, we propose to construct magnetic fields, electric fields, and imaginary momentum simultaneously to reshape high-order Landau modes in non-Hermitian systems. By building a non-Hermitian electric circuit platform, we experimentally realize pseudomagnetic fields via inhomogeneous coupling and pseudoelectric fields via a gradient on-site potential, while simultaneously introducing an imaginary momentum via non-reciprocal coupling. We directly observe multi-frequency single-peak localization of high-order Landau modes. Our work provides a universal method for manipulating high-order Landau modes and exploring applications in nonHermitian systems, such as frequency multiplexing and wave packet reshaping. △ Less

Submitted 15 April, 2026; originally announced April 2026.

Vortex-driven superconducting diode effect in asymmetric multilayer heterostructures

Authors: Jiong Li, Ji Jiang, Qing-Hu Chen

Abstract: The superconducting diode effect (SDE), characterized by nonreciprocal critical currents, has attracted growing attention due to its potential applications in quantum technologies and energy-efficient devices. In this work, we explore the microscopic mechanism of the SDE by simulating asymmetric multilayer heterostructures within time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory. We systematically vary the la… ▽ More The superconducting diode effect (SDE), characterized by nonreciprocal critical currents, has attracted growing attention due to its potential applications in quantum technologies and energy-efficient devices. In this work, we explore the microscopic mechanism of the SDE by simulating asymmetric multilayer heterostructures within time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory. We systematically vary the layer thickness, external magnetic field and stacking order in a trilayer structure composed of niobium, vanadium, and tantalum, which share a similar structure to that in the pioneering experimental work, to clarify the role of vortex dynamics. Our simulations reveal a pronounced SDE originating from the interplay of Lorentz forces and asymmetric vortex dynamics, which strongly depend on layer stacking order. Besides, by simply changing the stacking order of the constituent layers, the SDE can be entirely suppressed. These findings offer insights into the microscopic mechanisms of the SDE and provide a feasible approach for controlling and eliminating the SDE in practical superconducting devices. △ Less

Submitted 26 March, 2026; originally announced March 2026.

Comments: 12 pages, 10 figures

Journal ref: Communications Physics 9, 49 (2026)

Data-knowledge dual-driven intelligent framework for full-chain, experiment-efficient synthesis of 2D dendrites

Authors: Wenqiang Huang, Xuhang Gu, Susu Fang, Shen'ao Xue, Huanhuan Xing, Junjie Jiang, Junying Zhang, Shen Zhou, Zheng Luo, Jin Zhang, Fangping Ouyang, Shanshan Wang

Abstract: Exemplified by the chemical vapor deposition growth of two-dimensional dendrites, which has potential applications in catalysis and presents a parameter-intensive, data-scarce and reaction process-complex model problem, we devise a machine intelligence-empowered framework for the full chain support of material synthesis, encompassing rapid process optimization, accurate customized synthesis, and c… ▽ More Exemplified by the chemical vapor deposition growth of two-dimensional dendrites, which has potential applications in catalysis and presents a parameter-intensive, data-scarce and reaction process-complex model problem, we devise a machine intelligence-empowered framework for the full chain support of material synthesis, encompassing rapid process optimization, accurate customized synthesis, and comprehensive mechanism deciphering.First, active learning is integrated into the experimental workflow, identifying an optimal recipe for the growth of highly-branched, electrocatalytically-active ReSe2 dendrites through 60 experiments (4 iterations), which account for less than 1.3% of the numerous possible parameter combinations.Then, a prediction accuracy-guided data augmentation strategy is developed combined with a tree-based machine learning (ML) algorithm, unveiling a non-linear correlation between 5 process variables and fractal dimension (DF) of ReSe2 dendrites with only 9 experiment additions, which guides the synthesis of various user-defined DF. Finally, we construct a data-knowledge dual-driven mechanism model by integration of cross-scale characterizations, interpretable ML models, and domain knowledge in thermodynamics and kinetics, unraveling synergistic contributions of multiple process parameters to the product morphology. This work demonstrates the ML potential to transform the research paradigm and is adaptable to broader material synthesis. △ Less

Submitted 17 August, 2026; v1 submitted 17 March, 2026; originally announced March 2026.

Comments: 57 pages, 30 figures

Journal ref: Science Bulletin (2026)

Constructing Exceptional Knots and Links with Arbitrary Braiding Topology

Authors: Bin Jiang, Aolong Guo, Qilin Cai, Jian-Hua Jiang

Abstract: Exceptional knots and links represent a remarkable class of non-Hermitian metals in which exceptional degeneracies form knotted or linked manifolds in momentum space. Here, we report a universal construction framework for realizing exceptional knots and links with arbitrary braiding topology in 3D minimal two-band non-Hermitian systems. Our approach combines braid theory with semiholomorphic polyn… ▽ More Exceptional knots and links represent a remarkable class of non-Hermitian metals in which exceptional degeneracies form knotted or linked manifolds in momentum space. Here, we report a universal construction framework for realizing exceptional knots and links with arbitrary braiding topology in 3D minimal two-band non-Hermitian systems. Our approach combines braid theory with semiholomorphic polynomials to establish a direct correspondence between braid words and non-Hermitian Bloch Hamiltonians. This framework enables the realization of a broad variety of exceptional configurations, including torus knots, lemniscate knots, nonfibred knots, hyperbolic knots, and multi-component links, within explicit tight-binding Hamiltonians. Furthermore, we demonstrate controllable topological transitions in which exceptional knots can be continuously untied through redistribution and reconnection of exceptional points, accompanied by transient exceptional chains and changes in spectral complex energy braiding. Our results establish a universal route toward programmable non-Hermitian knot topology and provide a versatile platform for exploring knotted band degeneracies and their associated physical phenomena across photonic, acoustic, mechanical, and cold-atom systems. △ Less

Submitted 18 June, 2026; v1 submitted 4 March, 2026; originally announced March 2026.

Comments: Commemts are welcome

Percolation-driven $β$ -relaxation enables resonant acceleration of crystallization in amorphous phase-change materials

Authors: Yu-Yao Liu, Liang Gao, Jun-Ying Jiang, Yiming Zhou, Jan Luebben, Di Zhao, Xiaoling Lu, Maximilian J. Müller, Ulrich Boettger, Jiang-Jing Wang, Hai-Bin Yu, Shuai Wei

Abstract: Amorphous phase-change materials enable fast and reversible switching in optical and electronic devices, yet crystallization kinetics are still controlled primarily through empirical thermal protocols. Here we identify a microscopic picture governing crystallization in the prototypical phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5, in which crystallization pathways are organized by the percolation of mobile ato… ▽ More Amorphous phase-change materials enable fast and reversible switching in optical and electronic devices, yet crystallization kinetics are still controlled primarily through empirical thermal protocols. Here we identify a microscopic picture governing crystallization in the prototypical phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5, in which crystallization pathways are organized by the percolation of mobile atomic networks associated with $β$-relaxation. We show that this percolation transition distinguishes the dominance of diffusion-driven and diffusionless nucleation and growth during crystallization processes. We further demonstrate that frequency-selected ultrasonic excitation, applied in conjunction with heating, accelerates crystallization by enhancing percolation-mediated atomic dynamics. This acceleration is maximized near the $β$-relaxation frequency, consistent with resonant excitation of mobile atoms. Our results establish a direct link between glassy relaxation, atomic-scale percolation, and crystallization, and introduce a new route to modulating phase-change kinetics through targeted excitation of fundamental glassy dynamics. △ Less

Submitted 2 March, 2026; originally announced March 2026.

Comments: 17 pages,4 figures

Self-sustained Molecular Rectification without External Driving or Information

Authors: Jiantang Jiang

Abstract: Rectifying thermal white noise into directed motion is generally believed to require the consumption of energy or information, as exemplified by Maxwell's demon-type feedback controllers. Here we demonstrate a molecular rectification mechanism that operates without any external energy or information flow. An ion-induced asymmetry between two liquid-vapor interfaces creates unequal surface barriers… ▽ More Rectifying thermal white noise into directed motion is generally believed to require the consumption of energy or information, as exemplified by Maxwell's demon-type feedback controllers. Here we demonstrate a molecular rectification mechanism that operates without any external energy or information flow. An ion-induced asymmetry between two liquid-vapor interfaces creates unequal surface barriers, enabling the harvesting and redistribution of surface energy released during condensation. Molecular dynamics simulations show that this intrinsic kinetic asymmetry sustains a persistent net water flux. Our results suggest that asymmetric potential energy landscape alone can rectify thermal fluctuations, revising the conventional understanding of noise-driven transport. △ Less

Submitted 1 March, 2026; originally announced March 2026.

Reversible tuning of magnetic order and intrinsic superconductivity in strained FeTe films via stoichiometry control

Authors: Hao Xu, Jing Jiang, Xuesong Gai, Rui-Qi Cao, Kaiwei Chen, Xiao-Xiao Man, Haicheng Lin, Peng Deng, Ke He, Kai Liu, Dapeng Zhao, Zhong-Yi Lu, Kai Chang, Chong Liu

Abstract: FeTe is a prototypical parent compound of iron-based superconductors. While bulk FeTe is non-superconducting with a long-range bicollinear antiferromagnetic order, superconductivity has been achieved in thin films. However, the approaches usually involve complex oxygen incorporation or interfacial effects, the microscopic mechanisms of which remain elusive. Here, we prepare high-purity, bare FeTe… ▽ More FeTe is a prototypical parent compound of iron-based superconductors. While bulk FeTe is non-superconducting with a long-range bicollinear antiferromagnetic order, superconductivity has been achieved in thin films. However, the approaches usually involve complex oxygen incorporation or interfacial effects, the microscopic mechanisms of which remain elusive. Here, we prepare high-purity, bare FeTe thin films on SrTiO3 and investigate their magnetic and superconducting states combining both microscopic and macroscopic characterizations. By reducing the interstitial Fe impurities, we successfully suppress the long-range antiferromagnetic order, enhance the quasiparticle coherence and induce superconductivity at ~10 K. Moreover, this process is readily reversible by tuning the Fe concentration. Our findings reveal that precise stoichiometric control is sufficient to induce intrinsic superconductivity in strained FeTe thin films. This work provides insights into the competition between magnetism and superconductivity in iron chalcogenides, and supplies methods for developing stable, high-purity superconducting FeTe films. △ Less

Submitted 22 May, 2026; v1 submitted 15 February, 2026; originally announced February 2026.

Comments: 5 figures,1 table

Journal ref: ACS Nano (2026)

Towards Agentic Intelligence for Materials Science

Authors: Huan Zhang, Yizhan Li, Wenhao Huang, Ziyu Hou, Yu Song, Xuye Liu, Farshid Effaty, Jinya Jiang, Sifan Wu, Qianggang Ding, Izumi Takahara, Leonard R. MacGillivray, Teruyasu Mizoguchi, Tianshu Yu, Lizi Liao, Yuyu Luo, Yu Rong, Jia Li, Ying Diao, Heng Ji, Bang Liu

Abstract: The convergence of artificial intelligence and materials science presents a transformative opportunity, but achieving true acceleration in discovery requires moving beyond task-isolated, fine-tuned models toward agentic systems that plan, act, and learn across the full discovery loop. This survey advances a unique pipeline-centric view that spans from corpus curation and pretraining, through domai… ▽ More The convergence of artificial intelligence and materials science presents a transformative opportunity, but achieving true acceleration in discovery requires moving beyond task-isolated, fine-tuned models toward agentic systems that plan, act, and learn across the full discovery loop. This survey advances a unique pipeline-centric view that spans from corpus curation and pretraining, through domain adaptation and instruction tuning, to goal-conditioned agents interfacing with simulation and experimental platforms. Unlike prior reviews, we treat the entire process as an end-to-end system to be optimized for tangible discovery outcomes rather than proxy benchmarks. This perspective allows us to trace how upstream design choices-such as data curation and training objectives-can be aligned with downstream experimental success through effective credit assignment. To bridge communities and establish a shared frame of reference, we first present an integrated lens that aligns terminology, evaluation, and workflow stages across AI and materials science. We then analyze the field through two focused lenses: From the AI perspective, the survey details LLM strengths in pattern recognition, predictive analytics, and natural language processing for literature mining, materials characterization, and property prediction; from the materials science perspective, it highlights applications in materials design, process optimization, and the acceleration of computational workflows via integration with external tools (e.g., DFT, robotic labs). Finally, we contrast passive, reactive approaches with agentic design, cataloging current contributions while motivating systems that pursue long-horizon goals with autonomy, memory, and tool use. This survey charts a practical roadmap towards autonomous, safety-aware LLM agents aimed at discovering novel and useful materials. △ Less

Submitted 6 February, 2026; v1 submitted 29 January, 2026; originally announced February 2026.

Comments: 81 pages

Topological Semimetal Transport Modulated by Interstitial Fe in Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_{2+δ}As$_2$ Superconductors

Authors: Ze-Xian Deng, Qiang-Jun Cheng, Jing Jiang, Yong-Wei Wang, Xi Zhou, Ming-Qiang Ren, Cong Cong Lou, Xiao-Xiang Chen, Bin-Jie Wu, Zeng-Wei Zhu, Qing-Hua Zhang, Lin Gu, Ding Zhang, Kai Liu, Xu-Cun Ma, Qi-Kun Xue, Can-Li Song

Abstract: Topological semimetals are renowned for exhibiting large, unsaturated magnetoresistance arising from ultrahigh carrier mobility and electron-hole compensation. However, such behaviors remain poorly understood in iron-based superconductors that have been recently recognized to harbor rich nontrivial topology. Here, we combine angle-resolved magneto-transport measurements with first principles calcu… ▽ More Topological semimetals are renowned for exhibiting large, unsaturated magnetoresistance arising from ultrahigh carrier mobility and electron-hole compensation. However, such behaviors remain poorly understood in iron-based superconductors that have been recently recognized to harbor rich nontrivial topology. Here, we combine angle-resolved magneto-transport measurements with first principles calculations to reveal the emergence and tunability of topological semimetals in ferropnictide Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_{2+δ}As$_2$ epitaxial films, modulated by interstitial Fe. These states exhibit ultralow residual resistivity, coexisting high-mobility electron and hole carriers, and linear positive magnetoresistance below 110 K. Remarkably, the magnetoresistance becomes more pronounced when the magnetic field is applied parallel to the film plane, reaching an unsaturated 1206% at 56 T. Furthermore, superconductivity persists in these ferropnictide films, establishing them as a tunable platform for investigating the interplay among electron correlation, topology, and superconductivity. △ Less

Submitted 22 January, 2026; originally announced January 2026.

Comments: 18 pages, 4 figures, Supplemental Material

Programmable branched flow of light

Authors: Shan-shan Chang, Daxing Xiong, Ze-huan Zheng, Li-Wei Wang, Yan-qing Lu, Lu-Jian Chen, Jian-Hua Jiang, Jin-hui Chen

Abstract: We demonstrate deterministic control of branched flow of light using anisotropic nematic liquid crystals. By sculpting the director field via photoalignment, we create spatially programmable optical potentials that govern light scattering and propagation. This platform enables configurable, anisotropic branched flow of light and reveals a universal scaling law for its characteristic features, dire… ▽ More We demonstrate deterministic control of branched flow of light using anisotropic nematic liquid crystals. By sculpting the director field via photoalignment, we create spatially programmable optical potentials that govern light scattering and propagation. This platform enables configurable, anisotropic branched flow of light and reveals a universal scaling law for its characteristic features, directly connecting disordered photonics with mesoscopic wave transport. Under extreme anisotropy, we observe a pronounced directional channeling effect, driven by anomalous symmetry-breaking velocity diffusion, which concentrates light propagation along preferential directions while suppressing transverse spreading. These findings establish a tunable material platform for harnessing branched flow of light, opening pathways toward on-chip photonic circuits that exploit disorder-guided transport, scattering-resilient endoscopic imaging, and adaptive optical interfaces in complex media. △ Less

Submitted 20 January, 2026; originally announced January 2026.

Comments: Comments are welcome

Entanglement dynamics driven by topology and non-Hermiticity

Authors: Li-Wei Wang, Bolun Hu, Haixiao Zhang, Kefan Sun, Ying Cheng, Jian-Hua Jiang

Abstract: The interplay between topology and non-Hermiticity gives rise to exotic dynamic phenomena that challenge conventional wave-packet propagation and entanglement dynamics. While recent studies have established the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) as a key mechanism for anomalous wave dynamics, a unified framework for characterizing and controlling entanglement evolution in non-Hermitian topological s… ▽ More The interplay between topology and non-Hermiticity gives rise to exotic dynamic phenomena that challenge conventional wave-packet propagation and entanglement dynamics. While recent studies have established the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) as a key mechanism for anomalous wave dynamics, a unified framework for characterizing and controlling entanglement evolution in non-Hermitian topological systems remains underdeveloped. Here, by combining theory and experiments, we demonstrate that entanglement entropy (EE) and transport currents serve as robust dynamic probes to distinguish various non-Hermitian topological regimes. Using a generalized non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model implemented in an acoustic analog platform, we identify three dynamic phases, bulk-like, edge-like, and skin-like regimes, each exhibiting unique EE signatures and transport characteristics. In particular, skin-like dynamics exhibit periodic information shuttling with finite, oscillatory EE, while edge-like dynamics lead to complete EE suppression. We further map the dynamic phase diagram and show that EE scaling and temporal profiles directly reflect the competition between coherent delocalization and NHSE-driven localization. Our results establish a programmable approach to steering entanglement and transport via tailored non-Hermitian couplings, offering a pathway for engineering quantum information dynamics in synthetic phononic, photonic, and quantum simulators. △ Less

Submitted 30 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Gate-imprinted memory and light-induced erasure of superconductivity at KTaO$_3$-based interfaces

Authors: Zhihao Chen, Pengxu Ran, Ming Dong Dong, Jiexiong Sun, Fengmiao Li, Zhixin Yao, Lei Liu, Jie Wu, Juan Jiang, Zhi Gang Cheng

Abstract: Realizing non-volatile control of superconductivity is a key step toward integrating memory and quantum functionality in future information technologies. KTaO$_3$-based heterostructures uniquely host interfacial two-dimensional superconductivity and quantum paraelectric lattice background. The coupling between these two degrees of freedom potentially provides a promising route to encode memory int… ▽ More Realizing non-volatile control of superconductivity is a key step toward integrating memory and quantum functionality in future information technologies. KTaO$_3$-based heterostructures uniquely host interfacial two-dimensional superconductivity and quantum paraelectric lattice background. The coupling between these two degrees of freedom potentially provides a promising route to encode memory into the superconducting state. Here we reveal two intertwined phenomena in AlO$_x$/KTaO$_3$ heterostructures: a gate-imprinted memory in which electrostatic gate cycling promotes superconductivity, and its erasure by optical illumination at cryogenic temperatures. These phenomena arise from a previously unrecognized interplay between the superconducting interface and emergent lattice excitations including polar-nanoregion reorientation and charge trapping/detrapping by oxygen vacancies. These results demonstrate configurable superconductivity at correlated oxide interfaces, opening a pathway to enrich dissipationless transport with non-volatile controls for superconducting elements. △ Less

Submitted 18 August, 2026; v1 submitted 22 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Topological surface phonons modulate thermal transport in semiconductor thin films

Authors: Zhe Su, Shuoran Song, Qi Wang, Jian-Hua Jiang

Abstract: While phonon topology in crystalline solids has been extensively studied, its influence on thermal transport-especially in nanostructures-remains elusive. Here, by combining first-principles-based machine learning potentials with the phonon Boltzmann transport equation and molecular dynamics simulations, we systematically investigate the role of topological surface phonons in the in-plane thermal… ▽ More While phonon topology in crystalline solids has been extensively studied, its influence on thermal transport-especially in nanostructures-remains elusive. Here, by combining first-principles-based machine learning potentials with the phonon Boltzmann transport equation and molecular dynamics simulations, we systematically investigate the role of topological surface phonons in the in-plane thermal transport of semiconductor thin films (Si, 4H -SiC, and c-BN). These topological surface phonons, originating from nontrivial acoustic phonon nodal lines, not only serve as key scattering channels for dominant acoustic phonons but also contribute substantially to the overall thermal conductivity. Remarkably, for these thin semiconductor films below 10 nm this contribution can be as large as over 30% of the in-plane thermal conductivity at 300 K, and the largest absolute contribution can reach 82 W/m-K, highlighting their significant role in nanoscale thermal transport in semiconductors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both temperature and biaxial strain provide effective means to modulate this contribution. Our work establishes a direct link between topological surface phonons and nanoscale thermal transport, offering the first quantitative assessment of their role and paving the way for topology-enabled thermal management in semiconductors. △ Less

Submitted 4 June, 2026; v1 submitted 21 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Fresnel Magnetic Imaging of Ultrasmall Skyrmion Lattices

Authors: Yongsen Zhang, Wei Liu, Meng Shi, Yaodong Wu, Jialiang Jiang, Sheng Qiu, Huanhuan Zhang, Hui Han, Mingliang Tian, Haifeng Du, Shouguo Wang, Jin Tang

Abstract: Magnetic skyrmions with ultrasmall nanometric dimensions hold significant promise for next-generation high-density spintronic devices. Direct real-space imaging of these topological spin textures is critical for elucidating their emergent properties at the nanoscale. Here, we present Lorentz transmission electron microscopy studies of nanometric skyrmion lattices in B20-structured Mn0.5Fe0.5Ge cry… ▽ More Magnetic skyrmions with ultrasmall nanometric dimensions hold significant promise for next-generation high-density spintronic devices. Direct real-space imaging of these topological spin textures is critical for elucidating their emergent properties at the nanoscale. Here, we present Lorentz transmission electron microscopy studies of nanometric skyrmion lattices in B20-structured Mn0.5Fe0.5Ge crystals using Fresnel mode. According to conventional chiral discrimination methods relying on static bright-dark contrast, we demonstrate an abnormal periodic chiral-reversal phenomenon retrieved through the transport of intensity equation analysis of defocus-dependent Fresnel images. Through systematic off-axis electron holography experiments and numerical simulations, we attribute these chiral misinterpretations to the sinusoidal modulation mechanism of the contrast transfer functionthat correlates with both defocus values and skyrmion dimensions. Our findings establish quantitative limitations of conventional Fresnel contrast analysis for ultrasmall skyrmions while revealing fundamental insights into defocus-mediated phase-to-intensity conversion processes in nanoscale magnetic imaging. △ Less

Submitted 11 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Comments: Published in Advanced Science

Investigating the origin of topological-Hall-like resistivity in Zn-doped Mn2Sb ferrimagnet

Authors: BoCheng Yu, JiaLiang Jiang, Jing Meng, XiaoYan Zhu, Jie Ma, HaiFeng Du, QingFeng Zhan, Jin Tang, Yang Xu, Tian Shang

Abstract: Skyrmions and other chiral spin textures have been extensively studied as potential building blocks for novel spintronic devices. Hall-resistivity anomalies that deviate from magnetization scaling, known as the topological Hall effect, have been widely employed as evidence for the presence of chiral spin textures in magnetic materials. However, recent studies on magnetic thin films have revealed a… ▽ More Skyrmions and other chiral spin textures have been extensively studied as potential building blocks for novel spintronic devices. Hall-resistivity anomalies that deviate from magnetization scaling, known as the topological Hall effect, have been widely employed as evidence for the presence of chiral spin textures in magnetic materials. However, recent studies on magnetic thin films have revealed a drawback of this approach, as the presumed topological Hall contribution may in fact originate from trivial mechanisms. Here, we investigate the magnetic and transport properties of a Zn-doped Mn2Sb ferrimagnet, whose related compounds have previously been suggested to exhibit a topological Hall effect arising from chiral spin textures. Hall-resistivity anomalies are also observed in our sample, yet they show little correlation with the magnetic or metamagnetic transitions and are therefore clearly distinct from those in magnetic compounds hosting chiral spin textures. Most importantly, additional Lorentz transmission electron microscopy measurements rule out the existence of chiral spin textures in this ferrimagnet. Therefore, instead of a nontrivial origin, we attribute the Hall-resistivity anomalies to the combined effect of multiple anomalous Hall channels resulting from sample inhomogeneity. Our work shows that the difficulties of identifying chiral spin textures through transport measurements also apply to bulk systems, prompting some existing results to be revisited. △ Less

Submitted 11 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Comments: 15 figures, 49 pages; accepted by Rare Metals

Journal ref: Rare Metals 45, e70165 (2026)

Deterministic Electrical Control of Single Magnetic Bubbles in Nanostructured Cells

Authors: Jialiang Jiang, Yaodong Wu, Lingyao Kong, Yongsen Zhang, Sheng Qiu, Huanhuan Zhang, Yihao Wang, Junbo Li, Yimin Xiong, Shouguo Wang, Mingliang Tian, Haifeng Du, Jin Tang

Abstract: Localized particle-like spin textures have been found to exhibit emergent electromagnetic properties, which hold promise for the development of intriguing spintronic devices. Among these textures, magnetic bubbles represent localized spin configurations that could serve as data bits. However, the precise methods for their electrical manipulation remain uncertain. Here, we demonstrate the determini… ▽ More Localized particle-like spin textures have been found to exhibit emergent electromagnetic properties, which hold promise for the development of intriguing spintronic devices. Among these textures, magnetic bubbles represent localized spin configurations that could serve as data bits. However, the precise methods for their electrical manipulation remain uncertain. Here, we demonstrate the deterministic electrical manipulations and detections of single magnetic bubbles in kagome-latticed Fe3Sn2 magnetic nanostructured cells. The current-induced dynamics of magnetic bubbles were explored using nanosecond pulsed currents. We show single pulsed currents with low and high densities can be applied for the creation and deletion of a single bubble, respectively. The mutual writing-deleting operations on single bubbles are attributed to the thermal heating and non-thermal spin-transfer torque effects in combination with micromagnetic simulations. We also realized the in-situ detection of a single bubble using the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect through a standard four-probe method. Our results could propel the development of bubble-based spintronic devices. △ Less

Submitted 10 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Comments: Published in Advanced Functional Materials

Creating and Deleting a Single Dipolar Skyrmion by Surface Spin Twists

Authors: Jin Tang, Jialiang Jiang, Yaodong Wu, Lingyao Kong, Yihao Wang, Junbo Li, Y. Soh, Yimin Xiong, Shouguo Wang, Mingliang Tian, Haifeng Du

Abstract: We report deterministic operations on single dipolar skyrmions confined in nanostructured cuboids using in-plane currents. We achieve highly reversible writing and deleting of skyrmions in the simple cuboid without any artificial defects or pinning sites. The current-induced creation of skyrmions is well-understood through the spin-transfer torque acting on surface spin twists of the spontaneous 3… ▽ More We report deterministic operations on single dipolar skyrmions confined in nanostructured cuboids using in-plane currents. We achieve highly reversible writing and deleting of skyrmions in the simple cuboid without any artificial defects or pinning sites. The current-induced creation of skyrmions is well-understood through the spin-transfer torque acting on surface spin twists of the spontaneous 3D ferromagnetic state, caused by the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction of the uniaxial Fe3Sn2 magnet with a low-quality factor. Current-induced deletions of skyrmions result from the combined effects of magnetic hysteresis and Joule thermal heating. Our results are replicated consistently through 3D micromagnetic simulations. Our approach offers a viable method for achieving reliable single-bit operations in skyrmionic devices for applications such as random-access memories. △ Less

Submitted 9 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Comments: Published in Nano Letters

Current-controlled creations, deletions, and topological transformations of a single magnetic antiskyrmion in nanostructured cells

Authors: Yaodong Wu, Jialiang Jiang, Lingyao Kong, Wei Liu, Huanhuan Zhang, Shouguo Wang, Mingliang Tian, Haifeng Du, Jin Tang

Abstract: Topological magnetic solitons have emerged as promising candidates for information carriers in spintronic devices, thanks to their fascinating electromagnetic properties. For fundamental device applications, the ability to electrically manipulate individual solitons is crucial. However, electrical manipulation of single antiskyrmions has been rarely demonstrated. In this work, we present current-c… ▽ More Topological magnetic solitons have emerged as promising candidates for information carriers in spintronic devices, thanks to their fascinating electromagnetic properties. For fundamental device applications, the ability to electrically manipulate individual solitons is crucial. However, electrical manipulation of single antiskyrmions has been rarely demonstrated. In this work, we present current-controlled manipulations, encompassing the creation, deletion, and topological transformation of a single antiskyrmion within FeNiPdP nanostructured cells at room temperature. This nanostructure is uniquely designed with dimensions of about 400 nm in width and length, enabling the stabilization of a single antiskyrmion. By simply adjusting the density of nanosecond single-pulsed currents, we achieve the reversible creation and deletion of single antiskyrmions. Moreover, we uncover a rich variety of current-controlled topological transformations among individual antiskyrmions, skyrmions, bubbles, and ferromagnetic states. Our experimental findings are corroborated by micromagnetic simulations, highlighting the pivotal role of current-induced combined effects, such as spin transfer torque and Joule heating. Our results hold potential for advancing antiskyrmion-based device applications. △ Less

Submitted 9 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Comments: Published in Nature Communications

Skyrmion Sliding Switch in a 90-nm-Wide Nanostructured Chiral Magnet

Authors: Yaodong Wu, Jialiang Jiang, Weiwei Wang, Lingyao Kong, Shouguo Wang, Mingliang Tian, Haifeng Du, Jin Tang

Abstract: Magnetic skyrmions, renowned for their fascinating electromagnetic properties, hold potential for next-generation topological spintronic devices. Recent advancements have unveiled a rich tapestry of 3D topological magnetism. Nevertheless, the practical application of 3D topological magnetism in the development of topological spintronic devices remains a challenge. Here, we showcase the experimenta… ▽ More Magnetic skyrmions, renowned for their fascinating electromagnetic properties, hold potential for next-generation topological spintronic devices. Recent advancements have unveiled a rich tapestry of 3D topological magnetism. Nevertheless, the practical application of 3D topological magnetism in the development of topological spintronic devices remains a challenge. Here, we showcase the experimental utilization of 3D topological magnetism through the exploitation of skyrmion-edge attractive interactions in 90-nm-wide confined chiral FeGe and CoZnMn magnetic nanostructures. These attractive interactions result in two degenerate equilibrium positions, which can be naturally interpreted as binary bits for a skyrmion sliding switch. Our theory and simulation reveal current-driven spiral motions of skyrmions, governed by the anisotropic gradient of the potential landscape. Our experiments validate the theory that predicts a tunable threshold current density via magnetic field and temperature modulation of the energy barrier. Our results offer an approach for implementing universal on-off switch functions in 3D topological spintronic devices. △ Less

Submitted 9 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Comments: Published in Nano Letters

Accelerating discovery of infrared nonlinear optical materials with large shift current via high-throughput screening

Authors: Aiqin Yang, Dian Jin, Mingkang Liu, Daye Zheng, Qi Wang, Qiangqiang Gu, Jian-Hua Jiang

Abstract: Discovering nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with strong shift current response, particularly in the infrared (IR) regime, is essential for next-generation optoelectronics yet remains highly challenging in both experiments and theory, which still largely relies on case by case studies. Here, we employ a high-throughput screening strategy, applying a multi-step filter to the Materials Project data… ▽ More Discovering nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with strong shift current response, particularly in the infrared (IR) regime, is essential for next-generation optoelectronics yet remains highly challenging in both experiments and theory, which still largely relies on case by case studies. Here, we employ a high-throughput screening strategy, applying a multi-step filter to the Materials Project database (>154,000 materials), which yielded 2,519 candidate materials for detailed first-principle evaluation. From these calculations, we identify 32 NLO materials with strong shift current response ($σ$ > 100 $μA/V^2$). Our work reveals that layered structures with $C_{3v}$ symmetry and heavy $p$-block elements (e.g. Te, Sb) exhibit apparent superiority in enhancing shift current. More importantly, 9 of these compounds show shift current response peaks in the IR region, with the strongest reaching 616 $μA/V^2$, holding significant application potential in fields such as IR photodetection, sensing, and energy harvesting. Beyond identifying promising candidates, this work establishes a comprehensive and high-quality first-principles dataset for NLO response, providing a solid foundation for future AI-driven screening and accelerated discovery of high-performance NLO materials, as demonstrated by a prototype machine-learning application. △ Less

Submitted 26 July, 2026; v1 submitted 4 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Journal ref: npj Comput Mater 12, 188 (2026)

Tetragonal Fe2O: the stable iron oxide at Earth's core conditions

Authors: Junjie Jiang, Zhen Zhang, Tongqi Wen, Renata M. Wentzcovitch, Yang Sun

Abstract: The Fe-O system is fundamental to understanding the composition and properties of the Earth's core. Recent studies have suggested the possible existence of stable, iron-rich FenO compounds at around 215 GPa. Here, we performed crystal-structure searches and fully anharmonic free-energy calculations to investigate the Fe-FeO system under inner-core conditions. We identified Fe2O as a stable phase a… ▽ More The Fe-O system is fundamental to understanding the composition and properties of the Earth's core. Recent studies have suggested the possible existence of stable, iron-rich FenO compounds at around 215 GPa. Here, we performed crystal-structure searches and fully anharmonic free-energy calculations to investigate the Fe-FeO system under inner-core conditions. We identified Fe2O as a stable phase and constructed its high P-T phase diagram. Fe2O undergoes a hexagonal-to-tetragonal transition with increasing pressure and temperature. It remains thermodynamically stable against decomposition into Fe and FeO from 200 to 400 GPa and at high temperatures. Although oxygen has been considered nearly absent in the inner core due to its limited solubility, these results suggest that oxygen can, in fact, be incorporated into the solid inner core in the form of an Fe+Fe2O mixture, and can match PREM densities for 53 mol% Fe2O. Our work has the potential to lead to a significant revision of the current understanding of the core's structure and composition. △ Less

Submitted 2 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Comments: Under review

Electron-phonon coupling of one-dimensional (3,0) carbon nanotube

Authors: Zhenfeng Ouyang, Jing Jiang, Jian-Feng Zhang, Miao Gao, Kai Liu, Zhong-Yi Lu

Abstract: A very recent report claims that ambient-pressure high-temperature ($T_c$) superconductivity was found in boron-doped three-dimensional networks of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Here, we systematically study the electron-phonon coupling (EPC) of one-dimensional (1D) (3,0) CNT under ambient pressure. Our results show that the EPC constant $λ$ of the undoped 1D (3,0) CNT is 0.70, and reduces to 0.44 afte… ▽ More A very recent report claims that ambient-pressure high-temperature ($T_c$) superconductivity was found in boron-doped three-dimensional networks of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Here, we systematically study the electron-phonon coupling (EPC) of one-dimensional (1D) (3,0) CNT under ambient pressure. Our results show that the EPC constant $λ$ of the undoped 1D (3,0) CNT is 0.70, and reduces to 0.44 after 1.3 holes/cell doping. Further calculations show that the undoped (3,0) CNT is a two-gap superconductor with a superconducting $T_c$ $\sim$ 33 K under ambient pressure. Additionally, we identify three characteristic phonon modes with strong EPC, establishing that the pristine (3,0) CNT is a high-$T_c$ superconducting unit, and further suggest that searching for those superconducting units with strong EPC phonon mode would be an effective way to discover high-$T_c$ phonon-mediated superconductors. Our study not only provide a crucial and timely theoretical reference for the recent report regarding superconducting CNTs, but also uncover that the pristine (3,0) CNT hosts the highest record of superconducting $T_c$ among the elemental superconductors under ambient pressure. △ Less

Submitted 5 November, 2025; originally announced November 2025.

Comments: 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

High-performance thermochromic multilayer coatings with W-doped VO2 nanoparticles dispersed in SiO2 matrix prepared on glass at a low temperature

Authors: Jaroslav Vlcek, Michal Kaufman, Elnaz M. Nia, Jiri Houska, Jiechao Jiang, Radomir Cerstvy, Stanislav Haviar, Efstathios I. Meletis

Abstract: We report a high-performance thermochromic VO2-based coating prepared by using a three-step process, consisting of magnetron sputter depositions of SiO2 films and V-W films and their postannealing, on standard glass at a low substrate temperature of 350 °C without opening the vacuum chamber to atmosphere. It is formed by four layers of W-doped VO2 nanoparticles dispersed in SiO2 matrix. The coatin… ▽ More We report a high-performance thermochromic VO2-based coating prepared by using a three-step process, consisting of magnetron sputter depositions of SiO2 films and V-W films and their postannealing, on standard glass at a low substrate temperature of 350 °C without opening the vacuum chamber to atmosphere. It is formed by four layers of W-doped VO2 nanoparticles dispersed in SiO2 matrix. The coating exhibits a transition temperature of 33 °C with an integral luminous transmittance of 65.4% (low-temperature state) and 60.1% (high-temperature state), and a modulation of the solar energy transmittance of 15.3%. Such a combination of properties, together with the low temperature during preparation, fulfill the requirements for large-scale implementation on building glass and have not been reported yet. △ Less

Submitted 31 October, 2025; originally announced October 2025.

All-Electrical Self-Switching of van der Waals Chiral Antiferromagnet

Authors: Junlin Xiong, Jiawei Jiang, Yanwei Cui, Han Gao, Ji Zhou, Zijia Liu, KuiKui Zhang, Shaobo Cheng, Kehui Wu, Sang-Wook Cheong, Kai Chang, Zhongkai Liu, Hongxin Yang, Shi-Jun Liang, Bin Cheng, Feng Miao

Abstract: Antiferromagnets have garnered significant attention due to their negligible stray field and ultrafast magnetic dynamics, which are promising for high-density and ultrafast spintronic applications. Their dual functionality as both spin sources and information carriers could enable all-electrical self-induced switching of antiferromagnetic order, offering great potential for ultra-compact spintroni… ▽ More Antiferromagnets have garnered significant attention due to their negligible stray field and ultrafast magnetic dynamics, which are promising for high-density and ultrafast spintronic applications. Their dual functionality as both spin sources and information carriers could enable all-electrical self-induced switching of antiferromagnetic order, offering great potential for ultra-compact spintronic devices. However, related progress is still elusive. Here, we report the deterministic switching of chiral antiferromagnetic orders induced by charge current at zero external magnetic field in the van der Waals (vdW) magnetically intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide CoTa3S6. This system exhibits strong interactions between cobalt atom magnetic moment lattice and itinerant electrons within the metallic layers, as demonstrated by temperature-dependent angle-resolved photoemission, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and topological Nernst effect measurements. Notably, the itinerant-localization interactions lead to current-induced chiral spin orbit torques as well as Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) exchange torques that interact with the localized magnetic moments, facilitating all-electrical switching of the chiral magnetic order in the CoTa3S6 flake. Our work opens a promising avenue for manipulating antiferromagnetic orders by delicately engineering the synergistic interactions between magnetic moments and itinerant electrons. △ Less

Submitted 20 October, 2025; originally announced October 2025.

Anomalous strain-dependent thermal conductivity in superelastic screw-dislocated graphites

Authors: Yu Li, Zhiqiang Zhao, Zhuhua Zhang, Yong-Wei Zhang, Jin-Wu Jiang

Abstract: The design of strain-stable, or even strain-enhanced thermal transport materials is critical for stable operation of high-performance electronic devices. However, most nanomaterials suffer from strain-induced degradation, with even minor tensile strains markedly reducing thermal conductivity. Here, we demonstrate that screw-dislocated graphites (SDGs), recently identified as topological semimetals… ▽ More The design of strain-stable, or even strain-enhanced thermal transport materials is critical for stable operation of high-performance electronic devices. However, most nanomaterials suffer from strain-induced degradation, with even minor tensile strains markedly reducing thermal conductivity. Here, we demonstrate that screw-dislocated graphites (SDGs), recently identified as topological semimetals, display an unusual increase in cross-plane thermal conductivity under both tensile and compressive strains, revealed by high-accuracy machine-learning-potential-driven non-equilibrium molecular dynamics. Notably, SDGs exhibit over 100% enhancement under tensile strains up to 80% along the dislocation axis, arising from strain-induced increase in dislocation interface tilt angle that elongates the effective heat transfer paths. Their thermal conductivity surpasses multilayer graphene by an order of magnitude. An analytical model is further derived linking thermal conductivity to dislocation number and strain, offering a predictive framework for designing strain-tunable screwdislocated structures. These findings highlight SDGs as a promising platform for high-performance electronic and wearable devices with tunable thermal properties. △ Less

Submitted 8 October, 2025; originally announced October 2025.

Comments: 12 pages, 7 figures

Boundaries Program Deformation in Isolated Active Networks

Authors: Zixiang Lin, Shichen Liu, Shahriar Shadkhoo, Jialong Jiang, Heun Jin Lee, David Larios, Chunhe Li, Hongyi Bian, Anqi Li, Rob Phillips, Matt Thomson, Zijie Qu

Abstract: Cellular structures must organize themselves within strict physical constraints, operating with finite resources and well-defined boundaries. Classical systems demonstrate only passive responses to boundaries, from surface energy minimization in soap films to strain distributions in elastic networks. Active matter fundamentally alters this paradigm - internally generated stresses create a bidirect… ▽ More Cellular structures must organize themselves within strict physical constraints, operating with finite resources and well-defined boundaries. Classical systems demonstrate only passive responses to boundaries, from surface energy minimization in soap films to strain distributions in elastic networks. Active matter fundamentally alters this paradigm - internally generated stresses create a bidirectional coupling between boundary geometry and mass conservation that enables dynamic control over network organization. Here we demonstrate boundary geometry actively directs network deformation in reconstituted microtubule-kinesin systems, revealing a programmable regime of shape transformation through controlled boundary manipulation. A coarse-grained theoretical framework reveals how boundary geometry couples to internal stress fields via mass conservation, producing distinct dynamical modes that enable engineered deformations. The emergence of shape-preserving and shape-changing regimes, predicted by theory and confirmed through experiments, establishes boundary geometry as a fundamental control parameter for active materials. The control principle based on boundaries advances both the understanding of biological organization and enables design of synthetic active matter devices with programmable deformation. △ Less

Submitted 2 October, 2025; originally announced October 2025.

Comments: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2101.08464

A Non-Equilibrium Dissipation Parameter and the Ideal Glass

Authors: Jun-Ying Jiang, Liang Gao, Hai-Bin Yu

Abstract: Glass materials, as quintessential non-equilibrium systems, exhibit properties such as energy dissipation that are highly sensitive to their preparation histories. A key challenge has been identifying a unified order parameter to rationalize these properties. Here, we demonstrate that a configurational distance metric can effectively collapse energy dissipation data across diverse preparation hist… ▽ More Glass materials, as quintessential non-equilibrium systems, exhibit properties such as energy dissipation that are highly sensitive to their preparation histories. A key challenge has been identifying a unified order parameter to rationalize these properties. Here, we demonstrate that a configurational distance metric can effectively collapse energy dissipation data across diverse preparation histories and testing protocols, including varying cooling rates, aging processes, probing times, and the amplitudes of mechanical excitation, as long as the temperature remains above the so-called ideal glass transition (where the extrapolated structural relaxation time diverges). Our results provide a unified description for the non-equilibrium dissipation and suggest that the putative concept of the ideal glass transition is imprinted in material characteristics △ Less

Submitted 27 September, 2025; originally announced September 2025.

Comments: 13 pages, 5 figures, pubilshed to Reports on Progress in Physics

Layer controlled orbital selective Mott transition in monolayer nickelate

Authors: Byungmin Sohn, Minjae Kim, Sangjae Lee, Wenzheng Wei, Juan Jiang, Fengmiao Li, Sergey Gorovikov, Marta Zonno, Tor Pedersen, Sergey Zhdanovich, Ying Liu, Huikai Cheng, Ke Zou, Yu He, Sohrab Ismail-Beigi, Frederick J. Walker, Charles H. Ahn

Abstract: Dimensionality and electronic correlations are crucial elements of many quantum material properties. An example is the change of the electronic structure accompanied by the loss of quasiparticles when a metal is reduced from three dimensions to a lower dimension, where the Coulomb interaction between carriers becomes poorly screened. Here, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), w… ▽ More Dimensionality and electronic correlations are crucial elements of many quantum material properties. An example is the change of the electronic structure accompanied by the loss of quasiparticles when a metal is reduced from three dimensions to a lower dimension, where the Coulomb interaction between carriers becomes poorly screened. Here, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we report an orbital-selective decoherence of spectral density in the perovskite nickelate LaNiO3 towards the monolayer limit. The spectral weight of the dz2 band vanishes much faster than that of the dx2-y2 band as the thickness of the LaNiO3 layer is decreased to a single unit cell, indicating a stronger correlation effect for the former upon dimensional confinement. Dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) calculations show an orbital-selective Mott transition largely due to the localization of dz2 electrons along the c axis in the monolayer limit. This orbital-selective correlation effect underpins many macroscopic properties of nickelates, such as metal-to-insulator transition and superconductivity, where most theories are built upon a dx2-y2-dz2 two-band model. △ Less

Submitted 23 September, 2025; originally announced September 2025.

Quantum information-cost relations and fluctuations beyond thermal environments: A thermodynamic inference approach

Authors: Yuanyuan Xiao, Jian-Hua Jiang, Junjie Liu

Abstract: The Landauer's principle, a cornerstone of information thermodynamics, provides a fundamental lower bound on the energetic cost of information erasure in terms of the information content change. However, its traditional formulation is largely confined to systems exchanging solely energy with an ideal thermal bath. In this work, we derive general information-cost trade-off relations that go beyond… ▽ More The Landauer's principle, a cornerstone of information thermodynamics, provides a fundamental lower bound on the energetic cost of information erasure in terms of the information content change. However, its traditional formulation is largely confined to systems exchanging solely energy with an ideal thermal bath. In this work, we derive general information-cost trade-off relations that go beyond the scope of Landauer's principle by developing a thermodynamic inference approach based on the maximum entropy principle. These relations require only information about the system and are applicable to complex quantum scenarios involving multiple conserved charges and non-thermal environments. Specifically, we present two key results: (i) In scenarios where only the mean values of observables are accessible, we derive an information-content-informed upper bound on the thermodynamic cost which complements an existing generalized Landauer lower bound. (ii) When second-order fluctuations can also be measured, we obtain an information-content-informed lower bound on the change in variances of observables, thereby extending the Landauer's principle to constrain higher-order fluctuation costs. We numerically validate our information-cost trade-off relations using a coupled-qubit system exchanging energy and excitations, a driven qubit implementing an information erasure process, and a driven double quantum dot system that can operate as an inelastic heat engine. Our results underscore the broad utility of maximum-entropy inference in constraining thermodynamic costs for generic finite-time quantum processes, with direct relevance to quantum information processing and quantum thermodynamic applications. △ Less

Submitted 6 January, 2026; v1 submitted 21 September, 2025; originally announced September 2025.

Comments: 15 pages, 4 figures, comments are welcome!

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. A 113, 032214 (2026)

Prediction of Li3Fe8B8 compound with rapid one-dimensional ion diffusion channels

Authors: Shiya Chen, Paul Oftedahl, Zhen Zhang, Zepeng Wu, Junjie Jiang, Vladimir Antropov, Julia V. Zaikina, Shunqing Wu, Kai-Ming Ho, Yang Sun

Abstract: Using a computational crystal structure search in the Li-Fe-B ternary system, we predict a stable phase of Li3Fe8B8, featuring 1D channels that enable rapid Li-ion transport. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that the Li-ion diffusion coefficient in Li3Fe8B8 surpasses that of common electrode and conductive additive materials by several orders of magnitude. The high diffusion in Li3Fe8… ▽ More Using a computational crystal structure search in the Li-Fe-B ternary system, we predict a stable phase of Li3Fe8B8, featuring 1D channels that enable rapid Li-ion transport. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that the Li-ion diffusion coefficient in Li3Fe8B8 surpasses that of common electrode and conductive additive materials by several orders of magnitude. The high diffusion in Li3Fe8B8 can be explained by the Frenkel-Kontorova model, which describes an incommensurate state between the Li diffusion chain and the periodic potential field caused by the FeB backbone structure. The favorable lithium-ion diffusivity and mechanical properties of Li3Fe8B8 make it a promising conductive additive for battery materials. Its itinerant ferromagnetism also offers a platform for exploring correlated-electron magnetism and spin-dependent phenomena. △ Less

Submitted 19 September, 2025; originally announced September 2025.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Materials 9, 105403 (2025)

Superconductivity in W3Re2C with chiral structure

Authors: Lei Yang, Jing Jiang, Hui-Hui He, Ying Ma, Kai Liu, Xiao Zhang, Hechang Lei

Abstract: We discover superconductivity in cubic W3Re2C with chiral structure and the superconducting transition temperature Tc is about 6.2 K. Detailed characterizations and analysis indicate that W3Re2C is a bulk type-II BCS superconductor with full isotropic gap. Moreover, first-principles calculations indicate that the electron-phonon coupling primarily arises from interactions between W/Re 5d electroni… ▽ More We discover superconductivity in cubic W3Re2C with chiral structure and the superconducting transition temperature Tc is about 6.2 K. Detailed characterizations and analysis indicate that W3Re2C is a bulk type-II BCS superconductor with full isotropic gap. Moreover, first-principles calculations indicate that the electron-phonon coupling primarily arises from interactions between W/Re 5d electronic states and their low-frequency phonons. Furthermore, the breaking of inversion symmetry in W3Re2C facilitates the emergence of Weyl points in the electronic structure. Therefore, W3Re2C can serve as a promising platform for investigating the influences of chiral structure on both superconductivity and band topology. △ Less

Submitted 21 January, 2026; v1 submitted 18 September, 2025; originally announced September 2025.

Comments: 23 pages, 5 figures

Journal ref: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 148, 2429-2436 (2026)

Intrinsic characteristic radius drives phonon anomalies in Janus transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes

Authors: Jing-Jing Zhang, Jin-Wu Jiang

Abstract: Transition metal dichalcogenides and their derivatives offer a versatile platform for exploring novel structural and functional properties in low-dimensional materials. In particular, Janus monolayers possess an intrinsic out-of-plane asymmetry that induces a built-in bending radius, which can strongly influence their physical behavior. In this work, we investigate the tubular structures formed by… ▽ More Transition metal dichalcogenides and their derivatives offer a versatile platform for exploring novel structural and functional properties in low-dimensional materials. In particular, Janus monolayers possess an intrinsic out-of-plane asymmetry that induces a built-in bending radius, which can strongly influence their physical behavior. In this work, we investigate the tubular structures formed by rolling Janus monolayers into the Janus nanotube with an extrinsic radius. Using a combination of atomistic simulations and continuum mechanics, we identify that the total energy of the Janus nanotube is minimized when the tube radius equals to the intrinsic bending radius of the Janus monolayer. An analytical expression for this characteristic radius is derived, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the stability of Janus nanotubes. Furthermore, we find that the optical phonon modes in these Janus nanotubes exhibit an anomalous dependence on the tube radius; i.e., their frequencies reach a maximum value near the characteristic radius, in contrast to the monotonic increase of optical phonon frequencies with radius in conventional nanotubes. The phonon anomaly is due to the soft phonon mode effect induced by the deviation from the most stable tubular configuration with the characteristic radius. These results uncover a unique coupling between intrinsic and extrinsic curvature in Janus systems and open new pathways for tuning vibrational and other properties in curved low-dimensional materials. △ Less

Submitted 18 September, 2025; originally announced September 2025.

Comments: 22 pages, 11 figures

Journal ref: Nanotechnology 37 (2026) 075704

Strong Raman Optical Activity and Chiral Phonons in Chiral Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites

Authors: Evan W. Muller, Aleksey Ruditskiy, Jie Jiang, Thuc T. Mai, Katherine Burzynski, Ruth Pachter, Michael F. Durstock, W. Joshua Kennedy, Rahul Rao

Abstract: Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites with chiral organic cations are very interesting for optoelectronic applications because of their intrinsically chiral light-matter interactions. Chiral distortions in these materials lead to circular dichroism, circular birefringence, and circularly polarized luminescence in the band transitions of the inorganic sublattice. Raman-active vibrational modes in th… ▽ More Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites with chiral organic cations are very interesting for optoelectronic applications because of their intrinsically chiral light-matter interactions. Chiral distortions in these materials lead to circular dichroism, circular birefringence, and circularly polarized luminescence in the band transitions of the inorganic sublattice. Raman-active vibrational modes in these crystals are governed by crystal symmetry and therefore are also strongly impacted by the nature and magnitude of the chiral distortions. Here, we report low-frequency Raman modes that are sensitive to circularly polarized excitation in chiral hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (CHOIPs) across a wide range of structures and compositions. The circularly polarized Raman spectra from enantiomers of CHOIP single crystals exhibit sharp modes below 150 cm-1, corresponding to vibrations of the lead iodide octahedra. These modes exhibit strong differences in intensities (Raman optical activity, ROA) depending on the handedness of the excitation, with high degree of polarization for several modes. Calculations reveal the presence of several chiral phonon modes with opposite phonon angular momenta. The strong ROA and the chiral phonon modes are a direct consequence of chirality transfer from the chiral organic linker to the lead iodide octahedra in the CHOIP structure, resulting in a strong chiroptical response in the phonon modes. △ Less

Submitted 27 August, 2025; originally announced August 2025.

Comments: 6 Figures

Jahn-Teller-like Distortion in a One-dimensional π-Conjugated Polymer

Authors: Ziyi Wang, Boyu Qie, Weichen Tang, Jingwei Jiang, Fujia Liu, Peter H. Jacobse, Jiaming Lu, Xinheng Li, Steven G. Louie, Felix R. Fischer, Michael F. Crommie

Abstract: Structurally distorting low-dimensional π-conjugated systems can profoundly influence their electronic properties, but controlling such behavior in extended-width systems remains challenging. Here we demonstrate that a one-dimensional conjugated polymer, poly-(difluorenoheptalene-ethynylene) (PDFHE), undergoes a pronounced out-of-plane backbone distortion, equivalent to a spontaneous symmetry brea… ▽ More Structurally distorting low-dimensional π-conjugated systems can profoundly influence their electronic properties, but controlling such behavior in extended-width systems remains challenging. Here we demonstrate that a one-dimensional conjugated polymer, poly-(difluorenoheptalene-ethynylene) (PDFHE), undergoes a pronounced out-of-plane backbone distortion, equivalent to a spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of its mirror symmetry. We synthesized PDFHE on noble metal surfaces and characterized its structure and electronic states using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Rather than adopting a planar, high-symmetry conformation, PDFHE relaxes into non-planar isomers stabilized by a Jahn-Teller-like mechanism that relieves an electronic instability relative to the gapped planar structure. Density functional theory calculations corroborate these findings, revealing that distortion lowers the total polymer energy and enlarges the bandgap, providing a microscopic explanation for the SSB. Our results show that even in mechanically robust extended π-systems, subtle electron-lattice coupling can spontaneously drive significant structural rearrangements. △ Less

Submitted 20 August, 2025; originally announced August 2025.

Comments: 16 pages, 4 figures