Showing 1–50 of 237 results for author: Tian, L

RAGE-Vis:A Relation-Aware Generative Editing Interface for Natural Language-Based Chart Editing

Authors: Ziyao Kang, Yiping Sun, Linxuan Tian, Henghuan Qu, Wei Zeng, Jiazhi Xia

Abstract: Natural language offers an easy way for users to express chart editing intents, which are often composite and cross-component (e.g., adjusting style, extending categories, highlighting values). However, existing methods typically map instructions to a single operation or widget, limiting their ability to handle high-level requests and often producing locally plausible but globally inconsistent res… ▽ More Natural language offers an easy way for users to express chart editing intents, which are often composite and cross-component (e.g., adjusting style, extending categories, highlighting values). However, existing methods typically map instructions to a single operation or widget, limiting their ability to handle high-level requests and often producing locally plausible but globally inconsistent results due to a lack of awareness of relationships between chart components. To address these challenges, we introduce RAGE-Vis, a Relation-Aware Generative Editing interface for natural language-based chart editing. The system supports bitmap chart images as input and converts them into an editable parameterized intermediate representation. Instead of mapping instructions to a single edit or widget, RAGE-Vis parses composite intents, identifies targets and scopes, and generates hierarchical editing panels for underspecified requests, enabling users to adjust both global settings and local parameters. Furthermore, RAGE-Vis identifies potentially affected fields based on visual encoding relations, structural relationships, and expressive consistency relations, and organizes them into actionable widgets to support cross-component coordinated controls. Through two case studies, we demonstrate the applicability of RAGE-Vis in complex editing tasks, including style adjustment, data extension, order rearrangement, legend layout, and color mapping. A user study further shows that participants can effectively handle underspecified requests, explore candidate alternatives, and maintain cross-component consistency with RAGE-Vis. △ Less

Submitted 11 August, 2026; originally announced August 2026.

Comments: Accepted by ChinaVis'26

TAMS: Task-Aware Multi-View Adaptive Streaming for Wireless Telerobotic Manipulation

Authors: Zexin Deng, Zhenhui Yuan, Lu Tian, Subhash Lakshminarayana, Longhao Zou

Abstract: Wireless telerobotic manipulation relies on timely multi-view video feedback, but the available uplink bandwidth is often limited and dynamic. This paper presents Task-Aware Multi-View Adaptive Streaming (TAMS), a system that allocates video bitrate according to the current manipulation phase. TAMS infers task phase from lightweight robot-side signals and prioritizes the camera view most relevant… ▽ More Wireless telerobotic manipulation relies on timely multi-view video feedback, but the available uplink bandwidth is often limited and dynamic. This paper presents Task-Aware Multi-View Adaptive Streaming (TAMS), a system that allocates video bitrate according to the current manipulation phase. TAMS infers task phase from lightweight robot-side signals and prioritizes the camera view most relevant to the operator while preserving baseline visibility for secondary views. Experiments on a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) teleoperation testbed under three constrained network conditions show that TAMS improves primary view Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), reduces task completion time, and increases trial success rate compared with equal and static allocation baselines. Under the most constrained bandwidth condition, TAMS reduces mean completion time from 68.9 s to 43.9 s relative to equal allocation and increases trial success rate from 48% to 71%. Code is available at: https://github.com/Dzxx623/TAMS. △ Less

Submitted 10 August, 2026; originally announced August 2026.

Comments: 6 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Code available at: https://github.com/Dzxx623/TAMS

DREAM Technical Report

Authors: Bin Zhang, Bowen Zheng, Chao Yi, Chengyu Lai, Dian Chen, Dimin Wang, Gaoyang Guo, Jialin Zhu, Jian Wu, Jing Yu, Jiuning Lin, Lingqing Zhang, Lingyun Zheng, Mao Zhang, Mingming Pan, Ruiquan Lan, Shuai Zhong, Wen Chen, Wendong Zhang, Xiaodong Zhu, Xuan Chen, Xunke Xi, Yifan Lu, Yiheng Wang, Yue Zeng , et al. (52 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Industrial recommender systems commonly use cascaded retrieval, ranking, and re-ranking pipelines. Although efficient, these pipelines fragment information and objectives across modules, rely on rigid rules, and have limited awareness of real-time intent, leaving session-level shifts among browsing, comparison, and purchase insufficiently addressed. We present DREAM (Developing Recommender Engine… ▽ More Industrial recommender systems commonly use cascaded retrieval, ranking, and re-ranking pipelines. Although efficient, these pipelines fragment information and objectives across modules, rely on rigid rules, and have limited awareness of real-time intent, leaving session-level shifts among browsing, comparison, and purchase insufficiently addressed. We present DREAM (Developing Recommender Engine with Agentic Methods), an autonomous optimization control architecture that adds a perception-aware, orchestrable, and auditable policy layer atop existing pipelines without replacing them. DREAM has two core components. First, a three-tier Intent Engine fuses on-device signals into structured L0/L1/L2 intent representations; its edge-cloud trigger chain reduces reporting volume to approximately 8.7%. Second, a Meta Engine uses a MetaModel for layered M1-to-M2-to-M3 reasoning: intent summarization, strategy planning informed by Strategy Memory, and parameter translation. It dispatches the resulting parameters through a unified outlet with safety guardrails. A Reward Dual Loop continuously optimizes both components by combining offline simulation for strategy-space exploration with online feedback for outcome calibration, forming a cycle of generation, execution, evaluation, and experience accumulation. Large-scale A/B tests on Taobao's homepage feed show that re-ranking control alone improves IPV by 2.06%, Core IPV by 2.39%, and GMV by 0.88%. Extending control to fine ranking raises these gains to 2.71%, 3.06%, and 1.31%, respectively, while consistently improving PV by more than 1%. These gains require neither replacement of pipeline models nor compromise of serving stability, supporting agentic meta-control as a viable paradigm for industrial recommendation. △ Less

Submitted 13 August, 2026; v1 submitted 10 August, 2026; originally announced August 2026.

Comments: Technical Report

ConceptADapt: Concept-guided Adaptive Feature Reconstruction with Dynamic Attention for Few-Shot Industrial Anomaly Detection

Authors: Yufei Li, Yicheng Ruan, Long Tian, Dongsheng Wang, Liang Bao

Abstract: Few-shot industrial anomaly detection (FS-IAD) focuses on detecting and localizing visual defects in industrial inspection during the cold-start phase, where only a limited number of normal training samples are available per category. Recent advances in this field predominantly leverage visual features from foundation-model and have achieved promising performance. Despite the strong representation… ▽ More Few-shot industrial anomaly detection (FS-IAD) focuses on detecting and localizing visual defects in industrial inspection during the cold-start phase, where only a limited number of normal training samples are available per category. Recent advances in this field predominantly leverage visual features from foundation-model and have achieved promising performance. Despite the strong representational power of foundation-model features, the model generalization remains fragile due to the extreme scarcity of normal training data.To address this pivotal issue, we propose ConceptADapt, a concept-guided adaptive feature reconstruction model with dynamic attention. Specifically, our model pre-learns a set of fixed normal concepts from the limited support features and leverages them to mine relationships with query features, thereby recalibrating their statistics for improved anomaly detection at test time. To mitigate the prevalent feature shortcut problem, which is particularly severe under low-data regimes, we further develop a dynamic attention mechanism integrated with sparse autoencoders to learn robust normal concepts during training. Moreover, to enable fast adaptation during inference, our model remains lightweight by incorporating LoRA into the attention module, which introduces only minimal updating parameters.Extensive experiments on three widely adopted FS-IAD benchmarks, including MVTec-AD, VisA, and MPDD, demonstrate that our model consistently outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches across both detection and localization tasks, achieving significant improvements under various shot settings. △ Less

Submitted 6 August, 2026; originally announced August 2026.

Comments: 11 pages, 7 figures

CoRenew: A large language model agent-based policy simulation platform for multifamily residential redevelopment

Authors: Yudi Zhang, Yuming Lin, Li Tian, Yu Wang, Jianghao Yu

Abstract: The difficulty of collective action remains a central challenge in the design of policies for multifamily residential redevelopment. Stakeholders continually adjust their decisions in response to evolving negotiation contexts and the reactions of others, meaning that when a policy intervenes and which stakeholders it targets can substantially reshape collective outcomes. Assessing these adaptive r… ▽ More The difficulty of collective action remains a central challenge in the design of policies for multifamily residential redevelopment. Stakeholders continually adjust their decisions in response to evolving negotiation contexts and the reactions of others, meaning that when a policy intervenes and which stakeholders it targets can substantially reshape collective outcomes. Assessing these adaptive responses ex ante remains difficult because existing simulation models often rely on predefined behavioral rules. Here, we present CoRenew, an open-source platform that uses LLM-based agents to simulate negotiations among multiple stakeholders and evaluate the effects of alternative policy combinations. Integrating open source geographic and demographic data, the platform can generate synthetic residents, simulate negotiation dynamics under alternative policy settings and compares policy performance across competing objectives. It supports both numerical and semantic policy inputs and includes built-in tools for visualization and result export. We validate its behavioral realism against survey responses from 324 residents and a nine-month observed negotiation process from a real redevelopment case. With its modular and adaptable architecture, CoRenew can be used to assess policies across different institutional and cultural contexts. △ Less

Submitted 28 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

From a Word-Level Dictionary to Sentence-Level Semantics: Multilingual Grievance Labelling with Contextual Models

Authors: Lin Tian, Marian-Andrei Rizoiu

Abstract: Grievance is one of the warning signs analysts look for when assessing threats of violence. It is increasingly measured at scale from online text, most often with word-level lexicons like the Grievance Dictionary that score by matching weighted terms. Such matching is a fast and transparent proxy, but it cannot resolve whether a term is asserted, quoted, negated, or condemned. These lexicons are a… ▽ More Grievance is one of the warning signs analysts look for when assessing threats of violence. It is increasingly measured at scale from online text, most often with word-level lexicons like the Grievance Dictionary that score by matching weighted terms. Such matching is a fast and transparent proxy, but it cannot resolve whether a term is asserted, quoted, negated, or condemned. These lexicons are also often evaluated on pools enriched with the very examples they retrieve, so a high score partly reflects agreement with the lexicon's own selection rule. Examining a five-language, 2{,}000-item evaluation pool, we find its halves separated almost perfectly by the lexicon itself: every item labeled ``random'' is in fact lexicon-negative, so the lexicon's apparent macro-AUROC of 0.686 collapses to a 0.500 floor fixed by construction. We keep the dictionary's 22-construct ontology but replace term matching with context-reading models, evaluated on a non-circular benchmark that separates unconditional-random, lexicon-positive, and lexicon-negative strata across five languages. Reading the full post rather than the target sentence alone helps most where the lexicon is silent, raising average precision on lexicon-negative text from 0.14 to 0.20, with the largest gains on quoted, implicit, and cross-sentence grievance. Together, these results show that grievance is measured more faithfully by reading the surrounding context, and more honestly when tested on text the lexicon did not select. We release our code and benchmark at https://github.com/behavioral-ds/multilingual_grievance. △ Less

Submitted 23 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Comments: 12 pages, 1 figure, 9 tables

Lipschitzian SLLNs for random functions

Authors: Lai Tian, Johannes O. Royset

Abstract: We prove strong laws of large numbers for locally Lipschitz functions in the Lipschitz pseudometric. Our results hold under either a topological or a model-theoretic condition, with the latter encompassing functions jointly definable in o-minimal structures but extending substantially beyond this class. Applications include uniform convergence of limiting and Clarke subdifferentials and finite-sam… ▽ More We prove strong laws of large numbers for locally Lipschitz functions in the Lipschitz pseudometric. Our results hold under either a topological or a model-theoretic condition, with the latter encompassing functions jointly definable in o-minimal structures but extending substantially beyond this class. Applications include uniform convergence of limiting and Clarke subdifferentials and finite-sample identification of solutions. Consequently, we identify broad classes of functions for which the failure phenomena revealed by our previous negative results [Tian and Royset, arXiv:2511.16568, 2025] do not occur. △ Less

Submitted 22 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Comments: 30 pages

The Path to Self-Evolving Clinical Systems: Scaling Medical Agents from Assistance to Autonomy

Authors: Chunzheng Zhu, Lei Tian, Bohan Tan, Ziqi Zhou, Yuxuan Sun, Yijun Wang, Chengchao Lv, Yilin Wen, Yijun He, Jinghao Lin, Yihang Chen, Chee Wei Tan, Qianshan Wei, Lei Zhao, Bin Pu, Kenli Li, Yuan Xue, Jianxin Lin

Abstract: The growing ability of large language models and vision-language models to jointly interpret and reason over images and text is reshaping medical imaging AI, moving it from task-specific predictors toward autonomous agents that perceive, reason, plan, remember, and act in clinical environments. This survey departs from the capability-first perspective of existing literature and instead begins from… ▽ More The growing ability of large language models and vision-language models to jointly interpret and reason over images and text is reshaping medical imaging AI, moving it from task-specific predictors toward autonomous agents that perceive, reason, plan, remember, and act in clinical environments. This survey departs from the capability-first perspective of existing literature and instead begins from clinical deployment, asking what tasks, contamination-resistant benchmarks, and interactive training environments are required before medical agents can be trusted in practice. Medical agents are formalized as sequential decision-making systems under partial observability, together with a three-level autonomy taxonomy spanning assisted, cooperative, and fully autonomous operation. The field is organized along a unified scaling spine consisting of framework scaling, capability scaling, and environment scaling. Within this framework, clinical environment scaling, the integration of tools, data, and clinical gyms, is identified as the most actionable yet underexplored direction for agents operating in PACS, EHR, and FHIR ecosystems. Clinical self-evolution, where agents improve through interaction with their environments rather than parameter scaling alone, is further positioned as a key research frontier, drawing insights from self-improving agents, agent gyms, and test-time compute scaling. Applications across radiology, pathology, ophthalmology, and hospital workflows are examined together with deployment challenges including hallucination, cascading failures, and fairness. By consolidating more than 300 references, with particular emphasis on advances from 2025 to 2026, this survey provides a roadmap toward trustworthy, self-improving medical imaging systems for real clinical practice. △ Less

Submitted 12 August, 2026; v1 submitted 13 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Comments: Project page: https://github.com/zhcz328/Awesome-Medical-Agents

Hidden Decoding at Scale: Latent Computation Scaling for Large Language Models

Authors: Aiwei Liu, Cheng Shi, Chuhan Wu, Ci Lei, Di Lu, Donald He, Fan Zhang, Fanhao Kong, Feifei Zhang, Guan Wang, Haicheng Wang, Haoyu Liu, Houjin Yu, Jiachen Ding, Jiayi Feng, Jie Zhou, Jijun Chi, Jindi Shi, Jing Lei, Junjie Zhang, Laiyi Li, Le Tian, Linhao Zhang, Miao Fan, Sijun Zhang , et al. (23 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) has been driven mainly by enlarging the Transformer backbone, but for an already-strong model this requires another round of costly pretraining. We study whether an existing backbone can keep improving by allocating more computation to each token while leaving the Transformer backbone fixed. Depth-recurrent (looped) Transformers pursue this goal but are hard to… ▽ More Scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) has been driven mainly by enlarging the Transformer backbone, but for an already-strong model this requires another round of costly pretraining. We study whether an existing backbone can keep improving by allocating more computation to each token while leaving the Transformer backbone fixed. Depth-recurrent (looped) Transformers pursue this goal but are hard to scale, because looped computation does not fit naturally with the pipeline parallelism used to train the largest models. We add computation along the sequence-length dimension, where the extra computation is simply a longer input and stays compatible with standard large-model training. We propose Hidden Decoding, a sequence-length scaling method applied during continued pretraining (CPT). It expands each token into n streams with independent embedding tables and keeps the intermediate streams' key-value cache as context, so each token performs more internal computation without adding or widening Transformer layers. To keep this affordable at scale, we introduce Stream-Factorized Attention, in which most layers attend only within each stream and only a few layers mix across streams, reducing the attention cost from quadratic to roughly linear in n. Experiments support two scaling results. At frontier scale, we train WeLM-HD4-80B and WeLM-HD4-617B at n=4 and improve their matched non-HD baselines, making Hidden Decoding the first demonstrated sequence-length scaling method at the 100B+ MoE scale. Across expansion factors, the gains grow as n increases, showing that sequence-length expansion is a practical fixed-backbone scaling path for frontier-scale LLMs. △ Less

Submitted 9 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Comments: 30 pages, 9 figures

MSC Class: 68T50 ACM Class: I.2.7

A Large-Scale Dataset and a New Method for RemoteSensing Traffic Object Segmentation

Authors: Zhigang Yang, Huiguang Yao, Linmao Tian, Qiang Li, Qi Wang

Abstract: Remote sensing imagery plays a crucial role in evaluating regional transportation capacity. However, existing segmentation datasets often lack diversity in object categories and scenes, limiting the ability of models to comprehensively evaluate trans portation capacity in real-world scenes. To alleviate this gap, we construct a large-scale and diverse dataset for transportation object segmentation… ▽ More Remote sensing imagery plays a crucial role in evaluating regional transportation capacity. However, existing segmentation datasets often lack diversity in object categories and scenes, limiting the ability of models to comprehensively evaluate trans portation capacity in real-world scenes. To alleviate this gap, we construct a large-scale and diverse dataset for transportation object segmentation, named as NWPU-Traffic. This dataset encompass four traffic object categories (car, airplane, ship, and train) and a wide range of scenes from 49 cities across 7 countries, with instance-level annotations to ensure precise segmentation of individual objects, which bridges critical shortcomings in resolution and scene diversity in existing datasets. Leveraging this dataset, we establish a benchmark with several popular segmentation networks. Furthermore, we propose a novel segmentation method that leverages spatial-channel preserving feature interaction and an adaptive feature decoder, enabling robust segmentation across varying scales and complex environments. Extensive experiments and ablation studies validate the effectiveness of our approach. The dataset and code are publicly available at https://github.com/CVer-Yang/NWPU-Traffic. △ Less

Submitted 4 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Non-synchronism in Global Usage of Research Methods in Library and Information Science from 1990 to 2019

Authors: Chengzhi Zhang, Liang Tian

Abstract: The global development of Library and Information Science (LIS) is influenced by various factors such as the economy, society, culture, discipline, tradition, and more. Consequently, the research methods of LIS vary greatly among countries. To better understand these differences, we conducted a study of 5,281 research papers from 81 countries published in internationally representative journals ov… ▽ More The global development of Library and Information Science (LIS) is influenced by various factors such as the economy, society, culture, discipline, tradition, and more. Consequently, the research methods of LIS vary greatly among countries. To better understand these differences, we conducted a study of 5,281 research papers from 81 countries published in internationally representative journals over the past thirty years. We manually annotated the research methods used in some articles through content analysis, and subsequently developed and trained a deep learning model for automatic classification of research methods. Using this method, we conducted a comparative analysis of the usage of research methods in different countries. Our findings reveal that there are differences in the research methods used across countries, with each country having its unique research profile and distribution of research methods. Even when investigating the same topic, research methods can differ between countries. Our study also uncovers that there are differences between the national and international distribution of research methods, these differences have decreased over the past 30 years. By highlighting the characteristics of discipline development in various countries from the perspective of research methods, our study can help guide discipline development at the national level. This study provides insights into the usage trends of research methods across different countries and highlights the unique characteristics of discipline development in each country. This information can be valuable in promoting collaboration and understanding between countries and in guiding discipline development at the national level. △ Less

Submitted 2 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Journal ref: Scientometrics, 2023

Gender Differences in Research Topic and Method Selection in Library and Information Science: Perspectives from Three Top Journals

Authors: Chengzhi Zhang, Siqi Wei, Yi Zhao, Liang Tian

Abstract: Research in the social sciences has shown that there are gender differences in the selection of research methods, with women often opting for qualitative methods while men prefer quantitative methods. However, it is important to consider that research methods are generally chosen based on the research topic. To figure out the influence of gender on research method selection, a study was conducted… ▽ More Research in the social sciences has shown that there are gender differences in the selection of research methods, with women often opting for qualitative methods while men prefer quantitative methods. However, it is important to consider that research methods are generally chosen based on the research topic. To figure out the influence of gender on research method selection, a study was conducted in the field of Library and Information Science, using a more fine-grained method classification system and an automatic classification model called CogFT, which is based on full-text cognition. The findings showed that women tend to use Interview while men prefer Theoretical approach, across a range of topics. The study offers insights into the specific research design processes that contribute to gender differences in method selection and suggests ways to promoting gender inclusivity and equality in academia by considering research method use and guidance. △ Less

Submitted 2 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Journal ref: LISR, 2023

Usage frequency and application variety of research methods in library and information science: Continuous investigation from 1991 to 2021

Authors: Chengzhi Zhang, Liang Tian, Heting Chu

Abstract: The present study analyzed over 26,000 research articles published between 1991 and 2021 in twenty-one major LIS (Library and Information Science) journals, using the machine learning (ML) approach to categorize the research methods used by LIS scholars. The findings of this study are significant. Firstly, there has been a shift in the research strategy from conceptual research (e.g., "Theoretical… ▽ More The present study analyzed over 26,000 research articles published between 1991 and 2021 in twenty-one major LIS (Library and Information Science) journals, using the machine learning (ML) approach to categorize the research methods used by LIS scholars. The findings of this study are significant. Firstly, there has been a shift in the research strategy from conceptual research (e.g., "Theoretical approach") to empirical research (e.g., "Interview") in LIS investigations over the past 31 years. Secondly, the research topics explored by LIS scholars during this period have moved from system-centered issues (e.g., "Information retrieval/models and algorithms") to user-centered topics (e.g., "Information services "). Thirdly, the study revealed dynamic and revealing relationships between the 18 research topics identified in the study and the 16 research methods commonly adopted in the LIS field. These dynamic relationships can be visualized by year and longitudinally via an interactive map created in this study. △ Less

Submitted 29 June, 2026; originally announced June 2026.

Journal ref: IPM, 2023

SAMA: Semantic Anchor-aligned Augmentation for Unified Low-Resource Multimodal Information Extraction

Authors: Quanjiang Guo, Chong Mu, Jiazhou Pan, Ming Jia, Ling Tian, Hui Gao, Zhao Kang

Abstract: Multimodal Information Extraction (MIE)-covering tasks such as Multimodal Named Entity Recognition (MNER), Relation Extraction (MRE), and Event Extraction (MEE)-is essential for understanding multimedia content but remains constrained by severe data scarcity. Although data augmentation is a promising remedy, existing approaches are impeded by coarse cross-modal alignment and fragmented, task-speci… ▽ More Multimodal Information Extraction (MIE)-covering tasks such as Multimodal Named Entity Recognition (MNER), Relation Extraction (MRE), and Event Extraction (MEE)-is essential for understanding multimedia content but remains constrained by severe data scarcity. Although data augmentation is a promising remedy, existing approaches are impeded by coarse cross-modal alignment and fragmented, task-specific designs that fail to exploit shared semantic knowledge. To overcome these limitations, we introduce Semantic Anchor-aligned Multimodal Augmentation (SAMA), a unified framework for generating high-fidelity, task-aware synthetic data. SAMA constructs structured semantic anchors from ground-truth labels to guide a Collaborative Multi-Experts Multimodal Large Language Model (CME-MLLM), which integrates a Universal Adapter for shared semantics with Task-Specific Adapters to produce diverse yet constraint-compliant textual samples. For image synthesis, SAMA employs an Anchor-Preserving Diffusion mechanism that uses anchor-weighted prompts and latent conditioning to maintain critical semantic anchors while diversifying visual contexts. To eliminate the need for manual verification, SAMA further introduces a Dual-Constraint Filtering module that selects synthetic samples based on both cross-modal consistency and anchor fidelity. Extensive experiments across benchmark datasets for MNER, MRE, and MEE demonstrate that SAMA consistently outperforms state-of-the-art augmentation baselines under both fully supervised and low-resource settings, underscoring its versatility, robustness, and effectiveness. △ Less

Submitted 17 June, 2026; originally announced June 2026.

Comments: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Multimedia

Long Live Fine-Tuning: Task-Specific Transformers Outperform Zero-Shot LLMs for Misinformation Response Classification on Reddit

Authors: JooYoung Lee, Lin Tian, Angela Brillantes, Adriana-Simona Mihăiţă, Marian-Andrei Rizoiu

Abstract: As large language models (LLMs) become default tools for online information verification, an implicit assumption follows them: that scale and general capability are sufficient for nuanced classification of misinformation discourse. We test this assumption directly on 900 Reddit comments spanning three PolitiFact-verified misinformation claims (environment, health, immigration), labelled as belief… ▽ More As large language models (LLMs) become default tools for online information verification, an implicit assumption follows them: that scale and general capability are sufficient for nuanced classification of misinformation discourse. We test this assumption directly on 900 Reddit comments spanning three PolitiFact-verified misinformation claims (environment, health, immigration), labelled as belief (propagates the claim), fact-check (corrects it), or other. We compare nine models across three paradigms -- BART-MNLI, three Llama variants, three commercial frontier LLMs (Claude Haiku 4.5, Gemini Flash Lite 2.5, Claude Sonnet 4.6), and fine-tuned DistilBERT and RoBERTa -- under universal and topic-specific label schemas. The assumption does not hold. Fine-tuned RoBERTa reaches 0.62 macro-$F_1$ against a best zero-shot result of 0.50 (Claude Haiku 4.5), at a fraction of the per-query cost; the supervised advantage is concentrated on the belief class, the implicit, affective category every zero-shot model under-detects. Scaling does not help: Llama-3-8B matches Llama-3-70B, and Claude Sonnet 4.6 underperforms the smaller Haiku under generic labels, collapsing belief detection to 0.17 and refusing outright on a subset of comments flagged as sensitive. This is a safety-alignment artefact, not a capacity limit. Label schema and topic jointly shape zero-shot performance, with the same model varying by more than 0.13 macro-$F_1$ across topics under matched labels. In a verification context, where missing belief is the costlier error, task-specific fine-tuning remains the more reliable choice despite the proliferation of large generative models. △ Less

Submitted 2 June, 2026; originally announced June 2026.

StreamChar: Long-Horizon Streaming Character Audio-Video Generation with Decoupled Orchestration

Authors: Linrui Tian, Qi Wang, Bang Zhang

Abstract: Real-time streaming joint audio-video generation for character animation requires a generator to speak the requested transcript, maintain visual identity across chunks, and run within a strict playback budget. These requirements are difficult to satisfy simultaneously: chunk-wise autoregressive generation can accumulate transcript-audio misalignment and visual drift, while the few-step distillatio… ▽ More Real-time streaming joint audio-video generation for character animation requires a generator to speak the requested transcript, maintain visual identity across chunks, and run within a strict playback budget. These requirements are difficult to satisfy simultaneously: chunk-wise autoregressive generation can accumulate transcript-audio misalignment and visual drift, while the few-step distillation needed for low latency often degrades spatial diversity and temporal quality. We present StreamChar, a streaming framework that separates long-horizon orchestration from short-window audio-video denoising. An LLM-based orchestrator uses the transcript and historical context to produce frame-aligned audio conditions, and a joint audio-video DiT performs local bidirectional denoising with reference and motion-frame conditioning. For efficient deployment, we use a two-stage distillation pipeline that first compresses the sampler and then fine-tunes the student under online chunk rollouts. A progress-aware pointer aligns partial transcripts with generated audio during rollout training, and a sink-chunk memory provides a persistent visual anchor for reducing long-horizon drift. Experiments on short-clip and long-horizon protocols show that StreamChar runs in real time on a single H100 GPU and provides a favorable system-level trade-off among transcript fidelity, audio-visual synchronization, visual quality, and streaming stability compared with recent joint and audio-driven baselines. △ Less

Submitted 25 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

Hypergraph as Language

Authors: Mengqi Lei, Guohuan Xie, Shihui Ying, Shaoyi Du, Jun-Hai Yong, Chuan Shi, Ling Tian, Siqi Li, Yue Gao

Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong potential in modeling relational structures. However, existing approaches remain fundamentally graph-centric: they focus on processing pairwise graph structures into tokens that LLMs can understand. In contrast, many real-world relational patterns do not naturally conform to the pairwise-edge assumption, and are better modeled as high-order a… ▽ More Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong potential in modeling relational structures. However, existing approaches remain fundamentally graph-centric: they focus on processing pairwise graph structures into tokens that LLMs can understand. In contrast, many real-world relational patterns do not naturally conform to the pairwise-edge assumption, and are better modeled as high-order associations in hypergraphs. For hypergraph structures, existing methods often fail to preserve the native semantics that multiple objects are jointly connected by the same high-order relation, limiting their ability to exploit complex structures. To address this limitation, we put forth the "Hypergraph as Language" perspective and propose Hyper-Align, a hypergraph-native alignment framework for large language models. Hyper-Align compiles the query-object-centered hypergraph context into hypergraph tokens directly consumable by a base LLM. Specifically, we introduce Hypergraph Incidence Detail Template with Overview (HIDT-O), which serializes high-order association structures into a fixed-shape hybrid template combining local incidence details and overview-level summaries. We then design a Hypergraph Incidence Projector (HIP), which maps native high-order incidence structures into the LLM token space through explicit semantic-structural decoupling and bidirectional message passing between vertices and hyperedges. We further define a concrete Hypergraph-as-Language input protocol, which jointly feeds hypergraph tokens and textual prompts into a frozen base LLM, supporting both vertex-level and hyperedge-level tasks under a unified question-answering paradigm. To systematically evaluate different methods in hypergraph structural modeling, we introduce HyperAlign-Bench. Extensive experiments show that Hyper-Align significantly outperforms existing methods across in-domain and zero-shot evaluations. △ Less

Submitted 15 August, 2026; v1 submitted 20 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

KIO-planner: Attention-Guided Single-Stage Motion Planning with Dual Mapping for UAV Navigation

Authors: Dexing Yao, Haochen Li, Junhao Wei, Yifu Zhao, Yanxiao Li, Jiahui Xu, Jinxuan Hu, Lele Tian, Baili Lu, Zikun Li, Xu Yang, Sio-Kei Im, Dingcheng Yang, Yapeng Wang

Abstract: Autonomous UAV flight in confined, wall-dense environments requires low-latency and reliable motion planning under strict safety constraints. Traditional optimization-based planners suffer from mapping latency and easily fall into local minima when navigating through dense structural obstacles. Meanwhile, existing end-to-end learning methods struggle to extract fine-grained geometric features from… ▽ More Autonomous UAV flight in confined, wall-dense environments requires low-latency and reliable motion planning under strict safety constraints. Traditional optimization-based planners suffer from mapping latency and easily fall into local minima when navigating through dense structural obstacles. Meanwhile, existing end-to-end learning methods struggle to extract fine-grained geometric features from raw depth images and lack hard kinodynamic constraints, leading to unpredictable collisions near walls. To address these issues, we propose KIO-planner, an attention-guided single-stage trajectory planning framework. First, we integrate a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) into the perception backbone to adaptively focus on critical structural edges and traversable space. Second, we introduce a novel Dual Mapping mechanism--comprising physical bounds activation and a deterministic Geometric Safety Shield in the depth-pixel space--to enforce kinodynamic feasibility and collision-free flight without global map fusion. Extensive high-fidelity simulated experiments demonstrate that KIO-planner enables highly agile navigation at speeds up to 3.0 m/s. Compared to the state-of-the-art baseline, KIO-planner achieves lower inference latency (approximately 24 ms) and generates significantly smoother trajectories, reducing control cost by 28.4%. Most notably, our Dual Mapping substantially increases the worst-case safety margin, measured by minimum distance to obstacles, from 0.48 m to 0.76 m, ensuring fast, smooth, and safer navigation in highly constrained environments. △ Less

Submitted 19 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

Comments: Accepted by an IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table

Learning Interpretable Point-Based Clinical Risk Scores via Direct Optimization

Authors: Ying Cui, Albert M Li, Vivek Charu, Yeon-Mi Hwang, Tina Hernandez-Boussard, Lu Tian

Abstract: Many clinical risk scores are deployed as additive rules with nonnegative integer points assigned to relevant binary predictive features. These integer weights not only make the score easier to use in practice but also promote sparsity in the resulting prediction model. Such risk scores are often derived by first fitting a regression model and then rounding the estimated coefficients to the neares… ▽ More Many clinical risk scores are deployed as additive rules with nonnegative integer points assigned to relevant binary predictive features. These integer weights not only make the score easier to use in practice but also promote sparsity in the resulting prediction model. Such risk scores are often derived by first fitting a regression model and then rounding the estimated coefficients to the nearest integer after appropriate scaling. This approach is computationally fast but does not guarantee optimality of the resulting score. Alternatively, one may search over all possible integer weights to directly optimize a value function by posing the problem as an integer programming task. However, the associated computational burden can be substantial, especially when the value function is nonconcave or even discontinuous. In this paper, we develop new machine learning algorithms that employ a flexible greedy optimization strategy to learn such additive scoring directly under explicit and sensible optimality objectives. We apply the proposed method to a large electronic health record (EHR) cohort in Epic Cosmos to construct an integer-weighted comorbidity score for measuring the risk of post-discharge mortality. We also conduct a simulation study to examine the finite-sample operating characteristics. △ Less

Submitted 18 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

Comments: 23 pages, 4 figures

TwinRouterBench: Fast Static and Live Dynamic Evaluation for Realistic Agentic LLM Routing

Authors: Pei Yang, Wanyi Chen, Tongyun Yang, Pengbin Feng, Jiarong Xing, Wentao Guo, Yuhang Yao, Yuhang Han, Hanchen Li, Xu Wang, Zeyu Wang, Jie Xiao, Anjie Yang, Liang Tian, Lynn Ai, Eric Yang, Tianyu Shi

Abstract: LLM routing matters most in long-horizon applications such as coding agents, deep research systems, and computer-use agents, where a single user request triggers many model calls. Routing each call to the cheapest sufficient model can cut costs without sacrificing quality, yet existing router benchmarks evaluate routers only on one-shot prompts. They never expose the router-visible prefix at an in… ▽ More LLM routing matters most in long-horizon applications such as coding agents, deep research systems, and computer-use agents, where a single user request triggers many model calls. Routing each call to the cheapest sufficient model can cut costs without sacrificing quality, yet existing router benchmarks evaluate routers only on one-shot prompts. They never expose the router-visible prefix at an intermediate agent step, never test whether a cheaper replacement preserves downstream task success, and often rely on online LLM judges at evaluation time. We introduce TwinRouterBench, a step-level routing benchmark with two tracks. The static track provides 970 router-visible prefixes from 520 instances across SWE-bench, BFCL, mtRAG, QMSum, and PinchBench, each paired with an execution-verified target tier estimated under a released downgrade-and-cascade protocol; scoring is deterministic arithmetic over tier labels, trajectory membership, and token costs, with no online evaluator-side LLM judge. The dynamic track supplies a harness that runs routers on the full 500-case SWE-bench Verified suite; in this paper we report a 100-case held-out evaluation disjoint from the static SWE supervision split. At each LLM call the router selects a concrete model from a locked pool, and success is measured by official task resolution and realized API spend. The two tracks support fast offline iteration followed by end-to-end validation under live agent execution. Code and data are available at https://github.com/CommonstackAI/TwinRouterBench. △ Less

Submitted 21 May, 2026; v1 submitted 14 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

"I'm Not Mad, Just Focused'': Understanding Human Emotions in Human-Robot Collaboration

Authors: Seung Chan Hong, Dana Kulić, Leimin Tian

Abstract: Human-robot collaboration (HRC) can benefit from robots' abilities to interpret human emotional states. However, current emotion recognition (ER) models in HRC often fall short, particularly due to their reliance on acted datasets and single-modality inputs like facial expressions. We propose a novel vision language model (VLM)-based ER system that leverages contextual understanding to improve emo… ▽ More Human-robot collaboration (HRC) can benefit from robots' abilities to interpret human emotional states. However, current emotion recognition (ER) models in HRC often fall short, particularly due to their reliance on acted datasets and single-modality inputs like facial expressions. We propose a novel vision language model (VLM)-based ER system that leverages contextual understanding to improve emotion interpretation in HRC. We first evaluate the VLM-ER system by assessing its semantic and sentiment similarity with human annotations on an existing HRC dataset. Then, in a user study with a service robot in a collaborative delivery task, we evaluate the effects of modulating the robot's behaviour based on the user's emotional state inferred by the VLM-ER system. The results show that the proposed VLM-ER system achieves higher semantic similarity and positive sentiment alignment with human annotations compared to a baseline convolutional neural network-based system. Further, participants in the user study preferred emotion-adaptive robot behaviour facilitated by the VLM-ER system. △ Less

Submitted 16 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

Journal ref: IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 8260-8267, July 2026

DeepFilters: Scattering-Aware Pupil Engineering with Learned Digital Filter Reconstruction for Extended Depth of Field Microscopy

Authors: Joseph L. Greene, Suet YIng Chan, Qilin Deng, Jeffrey Alido, Alexandra Lion, Guorong Hu, Ruipeng Guo, Tongyu Li, Kivilcim Kiliç, Ian Davison, Lei Tian

Abstract: Extended depth of field microscopy encodes axial information into a single acquisition through engineered point spread functions, but conventional and deep optics approaches are subject to degradation in scattering tissue. We introduce DeepFilters, a scattering-aware deep optics framework that jointly optimizes a parameterized pupil filter and a digital-filter-based reconstruction network through… ▽ More Extended depth of field microscopy encodes axial information into a single acquisition through engineered point spread functions, but conventional and deep optics approaches are subject to degradation in scattering tissue. We introduce DeepFilters, a scattering-aware deep optics framework that jointly optimizes a parameterized pupil filter and a digital-filter-based reconstruction network through a calibrated differentiable forward model to achieve broad generalization without retraining. Incorporating empirical scattering kernels, physics-guided regularization, and a hybrid genetic-gradient initialization strategy, DeepFilters extends the PSF from 16 micron to >400 micron in clear media and enables signal recovery beyond 120 micron deep in biological tissues, validated across fixed brain slices and sea urchin embryos. △ Less

Submitted 13 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

Comments: 38 pages (18 main text, 20 supplement), 23 Figures (7 main text, 16 supplement)

Rollout Pass-Rate Control: Steering Binary-Reward RL Toward Its Most Informative Regime

Authors: Tianshu Zhu, Wenyu Zhang, Xiaoying Zuo, Lun Tian, Haotian Zhao, Yucheng Zeng, Jingnan Gu, Daxiang Dong, Jianmin Wu, Dawei Yin, Dou Shen

Abstract: Agentic reinforcement learning (RL) for software engineering spends much of its compute on stateful trajectories whose grouped binary rewards are highly skewed and weakly contrastive. We frame this as pass-rate control and show that the binary reward-side signal is strongest near a 50% rollout pass rate under four criteria: reward entropy, group-filtering survival, leave-one-out (RLOO) advantage e… ▽ More Agentic reinforcement learning (RL) for software engineering spends much of its compute on stateful trajectories whose grouped binary rewards are highly skewed and weakly contrastive. We frame this as pass-rate control and show that the binary reward-side signal is strongest near a 50% rollout pass rate under four criteria: reward entropy, group-filtering survival, leave-one-out (RLOO) advantage energy under Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), and success-failure pair count. We propose Prefix Sampling (PS), which replays self-generated trajectory prefixes to steer skewed groups toward this regime: successful prefixes give mostly failing groups a head start, while failing prefixes handicap mostly passing groups. Replayed states are reconstructed through the existing rollout path, and replayed tokens are masked from the loss so optimization applies only to current-policy continuations. On SWE-bench Verified, PS reaches the baseline high-score regime within evaluation variability while delivering 2.01x and 1.55x end-to-end wall-clock speedups on Qwen3-14B and Qwen3-32B; the 14B peak improves from 0.274 to 0.295. AIME 2025 experiments on 4B and 8B show the same pass-rate-control pattern, and 4B ablations attribute gains to replay, bidirectional coverage, and adaptive control. △ Less

Submitted 15 May, 2026; v1 submitted 6 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

Comments: 25 pages, 8 figures, 12 tables; revised formatting

ARIS: Agentic and Relationship Intelligence System for Social Robots

Authors: Stavya Datta, Fucai Ke, Leimin Tian, Hamid Rezatofighi

Abstract: Foundational models have advanced social robotics, enabling richer perception and communicative interaction with users. However, current systems still struggle with multi-turn engagement, social-relationship reasoning, and contextually grounded dialogue at scale. We present ARIS (Agentic and Relationship Intelligence System), an agentic AI framework that unifies multimodal reasoning, a graph-based… ▽ More Foundational models have advanced social robotics, enabling richer perception and communicative interaction with users. However, current systems still struggle with multi-turn engagement, social-relationship reasoning, and contextually grounded dialogue at scale. We present ARIS (Agentic and Relationship Intelligence System), an agentic AI framework that unifies multimodal reasoning, a graph-based Social World Model, and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) within a single modular architecture for social robots. We evaluate ARIS with the Pepper robot in a robot-mediated dyadic conversational setting, comparing it against a large language model baseline. A user study (N=23) shows that ARIS yields significantly higher perceived intelligence, animacy, anthropomorphism, and likeability. Our contributions are threefold: (1)~a Social World Model that explicitly maps and updates social relationships between users through a knowledge graph, enabling social reasoning and re-identification across encounters; (2)~an efficient RAG-based conversational pipeline that maintains bounded latency as dialogue histories grow to thousands of exchanges while preserving response relevance; and (3)~system integration and empirical validation of these components within a modular agentic architecture that coordinates speech, vision, and physical action through structured APIs. The implementation of ARIS will be released as open source upon publication. △ Less

Submitted 1 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

AEM: Adaptive Entropy Modulation for Multi-Turn Agentic Reinforcement Learning

Authors: Haotian Zhao, Songlin Zhou, Yuxin Zhang, Stephen S. -T. Yau, Wenyu Zhang, Lun Tian, Tianshu Zhu, Yifeng Huang, Yucheng Zeng, Jingnan Gu, Daxiang Dong, Jianmin Wu

Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has substantially improved the ability of large language model (LLM) agents to interact with environments and solve multi-turn tasks. However, effective agentic RL remains challenging: sparse outcome-only rewards provide limited guidance for assigning credit to individual steps within long interaction trajectories. Existing approaches often introduce dense intermediate… ▽ More Reinforcement learning (RL) has substantially improved the ability of large language model (LLM) agents to interact with environments and solve multi-turn tasks. However, effective agentic RL remains challenging: sparse outcome-only rewards provide limited guidance for assigning credit to individual steps within long interaction trajectories. Existing approaches often introduce dense intermediate supervision, such as process reward models or auxiliary self-supervised signals, which increases supervision and tuning complexity and may limit generalization across tasks and domains. We present AEM, a supervision-free credit assignment method that adaptively modulates entropy dynamics during RL training to improve the exploration-exploitation trade-off. Since in agentic RL the environment is typically affected by a complete response, rather than an individual token, our analysis lifts entropy dynamics from the token level to the response level, aligning uncertainty estimation with the effective action granularity of LLM agents and reducing sensitivity to token-level sampling noise. We further show that entropy drift under natural-gradient updates is governed by the interaction between the sampled-response advantage and its relative surprisal. Motivated by this result, AEM derives a practical response-level uncertainty proxy and uses it to rescale advantages, leveraging the evolving balance between positive and negative samples to naturally transition from exploration to exploitation. Extensive experiments on ALFWorld, WebShop, and SWE-bench-Verified with models ranging from 1.5B to 32B demonstrate that AEM consistently improves strong RL baselines, including a +1.4\% gain when integrated into a state-of-the-art software-engineering RL training framework. △ Less

Submitted 8 May, 2026; v1 submitted 1 May, 2026; originally announced May 2026.

Comments: 30 pages

MSC Class: cs.AI; cs.IT; cs.SE

One-Step Diffusion with Inverse Residual Fields for Unsupervised Industrial Anomaly Detection

Authors: Boan Zhang, Wen Li, Guanhua Yu, Xiyang Liu, Wenchao Chen, Long Tian

Abstract: Diffusion models have achieved outstanding performance in unsupervised industrial anomaly detection (uIAD) by learning a manifold of normal data under the common assumption that off-manifold anomalies are harder to generate, resulting in larger reconstruction errors in data space or lower probability densities in the tractable latent space. However, their iterative denoising and noising nature lea… ▽ More Diffusion models have achieved outstanding performance in unsupervised industrial anomaly detection (uIAD) by learning a manifold of normal data under the common assumption that off-manifold anomalies are harder to generate, resulting in larger reconstruction errors in data space or lower probability densities in the tractable latent space. However, their iterative denoising and noising nature leads to slow inference. In this paper, we propose OSD-IRF, a novel one-step diffusion with inverse residual fields, to address this limitation for uIAD task. We first train a deep diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) on normal data without any conditioning. Then, for a test sample, we predict its inverse residual fields (IRF) based on the noise estimated by the well-trained parametric noise function of the DDPM. Finally, uIAD is performed by evaluating the probability density of the IRF under a Gaussian distribution and comparing it with a threshold. Our key observation is that anomalies become distinguishable in this IRF space, a finding that has seldom been reported in prior works. Moreover, OSD-IRF requires only single step diffusion for uIAD, thanks to the property that IRF holds for any neighboring time step in the denoising process. Extensive experiments on three widely used uIAD benchmarks show that our model achieves SOTA or competitive performance across six metrics, along with roughly a 2X inference speedup without distillation. △ Less

Submitted 20 April, 2026; originally announced April 2026.

Elder-Sim: A Psychometrically Validated Platform for Personality-Stable Elderly Digital Twins

Authors: Jiaqing Wang, Zhongfang Yang, Xingyuan Zhu, Zong'an Huang, Hao Wang, Li Tian, Ying Cao, Xiaomin Qu, Xiang Qi, Bei Wu, Zheng Zhu

Abstract: Background: LLMs enable patient-facing conversational agents, creating a pathway toward digital twins that capture older adults' lived experiences and behavioral responses across time. A central barrier is personality drift -- inconsistent trait expression across repeated interactions -- which undermines reliability of generated trajectories and intervention-response simulation in geriatric care.… ▽ More Background: LLMs enable patient-facing conversational agents, creating a pathway toward digital twins that capture older adults' lived experiences and behavioral responses across time. A central barrier is personality drift -- inconsistent trait expression across repeated interactions -- which undermines reliability of generated trajectories and intervention-response simulation in geriatric care. Objective: To develop ELDER-SIM, a multi-role elderly-care conversational platform for building personality-stable digital twin agents, and to propose a psychometric validation framework for quantifying personality consistency in LLM-based agents. Methods: ELDER-SIM was implemented via n8n workflow orchestration with local LLM inference (Ollama/vLLM), integrating (1) Big Five (OCEAN) trait specifications, (2) a Cognitive Conceptualization Diagram (CCD) grounded in Beck's CBT framework, and (3) a MySQL-based long-term memory module. Ablation studies across four conditions -- Baseline, +Memory, +CCD, and +LoRA (fine-tuned on 19,717 instruction pairs from CHARLS) -- were evaluated via Cronbach's $α$, ICC, and role discrimination accuracy. Results: Reliability was acceptable to excellent across conditions (Cronbach's $α$: 0.70--0.94; ICC: 0.85--0.96). Role discrimination improved from 83.3% (Baseline) to 88.9% (+Memory), 94.4% (+CCD), and 97.2% (+LoRA). CCD produced the largest consistency gain (mean $α$ 0.702$\to$0.892), while LoRA achieved the highest overall consistency ($α$ 0.940; ICC 0.958). Conclusions: ELDER-SIM provides a psychometrically validated approach for constructing personality-consistent elderly digital twin agents. Structured cognitive modeling and domain adaptation reduce personality drift, supporting reliable longitudinal simulation for elderly mental health care and reproducible in silico evaluation before clinical deployment. △ Less

Submitted 16 March, 2026; originally announced April 2026.

POINTS-Seeker: An Open Recipe for Multimodal Search Agents with Visual Memory Management

Authors: Yikun Liu, Yuan Liu, Haicheng Wang, Zhongyin Zhao, Le Tian, Xiao Zhou, Jiangchao Yao, Yanfeng Wang, Weidi Xie

Abstract: Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) excel at visual perception but struggle with real-time, knowledge-intensive queries due to their reliance on static parametric knowledge. While multimodal search agents offer a promising solution, developing them from vanilla LMMs presents two major challenges: the lack of open recipes to cultivate search agency from scratch, and the severe context explosion (attenti… ▽ More Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) excel at visual perception but struggle with real-time, knowledge-intensive queries due to their reliance on static parametric knowledge. While multimodal search agents offer a promising solution, developing them from vanilla LMMs presents two major challenges: the lack of open recipes to cultivate search agency from scratch, and the severe context explosion (attention dilution) that occurs during long-horizon multi-turn investigations. In this paper, we address both challenges by developing a native multimodal search agent. First, we introduce an open training recipe featuring Agentic Seeding, a formative training stage that bootstraps tool-use and planning abilities directly from a non-agentic foundation. Second, to overcome the context bottleneck, we propose V-Fold, an adaptive memory management mechanism. V-Fold retains recent interactions as high-fidelity text while folding stale historical context into the visual space via rendering, exploiting the model's cross-modal alignment to preserve raw evidence without text token redundancy. Combining these innovations, we present POINTS-Seeker-8B, which achieves state-of-the-art performance among models of comparable scale across six multimodal search benchmarks. △ Less

Submitted 29 July, 2026; v1 submitted 15 April, 2026; originally announced April 2026.

POINTS-Long: Adaptive Dual-Mode Visual Reasoning in MLLMs

Authors: Haicheng Wang, Yuan Liu, Yikun Liu, Zhemeng Yu, Zhongyin Zhao, Yangxiu You, Zilin Yu, Le Tian, Xiao Zhou, Jie Zhou, Weidi Xie, Yanfeng Wang

Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities in cross-modal understanding and generation. However, the rapid growth of visual token sequences--especially in long-video and streaming scenarios--poses a major challenge to their scalability and real-world deployment. Thus, we introduce POINTS-Long, a native dual-mode MLLM featuring dynamic visual token s… ▽ More Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities in cross-modal understanding and generation. However, the rapid growth of visual token sequences--especially in long-video and streaming scenarios--poses a major challenge to their scalability and real-world deployment. Thus, we introduce POINTS-Long, a native dual-mode MLLM featuring dynamic visual token scaling inspired by the human visual system. The model supports two complementary perception modes: focus mode and standby mode, enabling users to dynamically trade off efficiency and accuracy during inference. On fine-grained visual tasks, the focus mode retains the optimal performance, while on long-form general visual understanding, the standby mode retains 97.7-99.7% of the original accuracy using only 1/40-1/10th of the visual tokens. Moreover, POINTS-Long natively supports streaming visual understanding via a dynamically detachable KV-cache design, allowing efficient maintenance of ultra-long visual memory. Our work provides new insights into the design of future MLLMs and lays the foundation for adaptive and efficient long-form visual understanding. △ Less

Submitted 13 April, 2026; originally announced April 2026.

Cost-optimal Sequential Testing via Doubly Robust Q-learning

Authors: Doudou Zhou, Yiran Zhang, Dian Jin, Yingye Zheng, Lu Tian, Tianxi Cai

Abstract: Clinical decision-making often involves selecting tests that are costly, invasive, or time-consuming, motivating individualized, sequential strategies for what to measure and when to stop ascertaining. We study the problem of learning cost-optimal sequential decision policies from retrospective data, where test availability depends on prior results, inducing informative missingness. Under a sequen… ▽ More Clinical decision-making often involves selecting tests that are costly, invasive, or time-consuming, motivating individualized, sequential strategies for what to measure and when to stop ascertaining. We study the problem of learning cost-optimal sequential decision policies from retrospective data, where test availability depends on prior results, inducing informative missingness. Under a sequential missing-at-random mechanism, we develop a doubly robust Q-learning framework for estimating optimal policies. The method introduces path-specific inverse probability weights that account for heterogeneous test trajectories and satisfy a normalization property conditional on the observed history. By combining these weights with auxiliary contrast models, we construct orthogonal pseudo-outcomes that enable unbiased policy learning when either the acquisition model or the contrast model is correctly specified. We establish oracle inequalities for the stage-wise contrast estimators, along with convergence rates, regret bounds, and misclassification rates for the learned policy. Simulations demonstrate improved cost-adjusted performance over weighted and complete-case baselines, and an application to a prostate cancer cohort study illustrates how the method reduces testing cost without compromising predictive accuracy. △ Less

Submitted 14 April, 2026; v1 submitted 13 April, 2026; originally announced April 2026.

AndroTMem: From Interaction Trajectories to Anchored Memory in Long-Horizon GUI Agents

Authors: Yibo Shi, Jungang Li, Linghao Zhang, Zihao Dongfang, Biao Wu, Sicheng Tao, Yibo Yan, Chenxi Qin, Weiting Liu, Zhixin Lin, Hanqian Li, Yu Huang, Song Dai, Yonghua Hei, Yue Ding, Xiang Li, Shikang Wang, Chengdong Xu, Jingqi Liu, Xueying Ma, Zhiwen Zheng, Xiaofei Zhang, Bincheng Wang, Nichen Yang, Jie Wu , et al. (3 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Long-horizon GUI agents are a key step toward real-world deployment, yet effective interaction memory under prevailing paradigms remains under-explored. Replaying full interaction sequences is redundant and amplifies noise, while summaries often erase dependency-critical information and traceability. We present AndroTMem, a diagnostic framework for anchored memory in long-horizon Android GUI agent… ▽ More Long-horizon GUI agents are a key step toward real-world deployment, yet effective interaction memory under prevailing paradigms remains under-explored. Replaying full interaction sequences is redundant and amplifies noise, while summaries often erase dependency-critical information and traceability. We present AndroTMem, a diagnostic framework for anchored memory in long-horizon Android GUI agents. Its core benchmark, AndroTMem-Bench, comprises 1,069 tasks with 34,473 interaction steps (avg. 32.1 per task, max. 65). We evaluate agents with TCR (Task Complete Rate), focusing on tasks whose completion requires carrying forward critical intermediate state; AndroTMem-Bench is designed to enforce strong step-to-step causal dependencies, making sparse yet essential intermediate states decisive for downstream actions and centering interaction memory in evaluation. Across open- and closed-source GUI agents, we observe a consistent pattern: as interaction sequences grow longer, performance drops are driven mainly by within-task memory failures, not isolated perception errors or local action mistakes. Guided by this diagnosis, we propose Anchored State Memory (ASM), which represents interaction sequences as a compact set of causally linked intermediate-state anchors to enable subgoal-targeted retrieval and attribution-aware decision making. Across multiple settings and 12 evaluated GUI agents, ASM consistently outperforms full-sequence replay and summary-based baselines, improving TCR by 5%-30.16% and AMS by 4.93%-24.66%, indicating that anchored, structured memory effectively mitigates the interaction-memory bottleneck in long-horizon GUI tasks. The code, benchmark, and related resources are publicly available at [https://github.com/CVC2233/AndroTMem](https://github.com/CVC2233/AndroTMem). △ Less

Submitted 18 March, 2026; originally announced March 2026.

HRI-SA: A Multimodal Dataset for Online Assessment of Human Situational Awareness during Remote Human-Robot Teaming

Authors: Hashini Senaratne, Richard Attfield, Samith Widhanapathirana, David Howard, Cecile Paris, Dana Kulic, Leimin Tian

Abstract: Maintaining situational awareness (SA) is critical in human-robot teams. Yet, under high workload and dynamic conditions, operators often experience SA gaps. Automated detection of SA gaps could provide timely assistance for operators. However, conventional SA measures either disrupt task flow or cannot capture real-time fluctuations, limiting their operational utility. To the best of our knowledg… ▽ More Maintaining situational awareness (SA) is critical in human-robot teams. Yet, under high workload and dynamic conditions, operators often experience SA gaps. Automated detection of SA gaps could provide timely assistance for operators. However, conventional SA measures either disrupt task flow or cannot capture real-time fluctuations, limiting their operational utility. To the best of our knowledge, no publicly available dataset currently supports the systematic evaluation of online human SA assessment in human-robot teaming. To advance the development of online SA assessment tools, we introduce HRI-SA, a multimodal dataset from 30 participants in a realistic search-and-rescue human-robot teaming context, incorporating eye movements, pupil diameter, biosignals, user interactions, and robot data. The experimental protocol included predefined events requiring timely operator assistance, with ground truth SA latency of two types (perceptual and comprehension) systematically obtained by measuring the time between assistance need onset and resolution. We illustrate the utility of this dataset by evaluating standard machine learning models for detecting perceptual SA latencies using generic eye-tracking features and contextual features. Results show that eye-tracking features alone effectively classified perceptual SA latency (recall=88.91%, F1=67.63%) using leave-one-group-out cross-validation, with performance improved through contextual data fusion (recall=91.51%, F1=80.38%). This paper contributes the first public dataset supporting the systematic evaluation of SA throughout a human-robot teaming mission, while also demonstrating the potential of generic eye-tracking features for continuous perceptual SA latency detection in remote human-robot teaming. △ Less

Submitted 18 March, 2026; originally announced March 2026.

Comments: This work is currently under peer review

SWE-Hub: A Unified Production System for Scalable, Executable Software Engineering Tasks

Authors: Yucheng Zeng, Shupeng Li, Daxiang Dong, Ruijie Xu, Zimo Chen, Liwei Zheng, Yuxuan Li, Zhe Zhou, Haotian Zhao, Lun Tian, Heng Xiao, Tianshu Zhu, Longkun Hao, Jianmin Wu

Abstract: Progress in software-engineering agents is increasingly constrained by the scarcity of executable, scalable, and realistic data for training and evaluation. This scarcity stems from three fundamental challenges in existing pipelines: environments are brittle and difficult to reproduce across languages; synthesizing realistic, system-level bugs at scale is computationally expensive; and existing da… ▽ More Progress in software-engineering agents is increasingly constrained by the scarcity of executable, scalable, and realistic data for training and evaluation. This scarcity stems from three fundamental challenges in existing pipelines: environments are brittle and difficult to reproduce across languages; synthesizing realistic, system-level bugs at scale is computationally expensive; and existing data predominantly consists of short-horizon repairs, failing to capture long-horizon competencies like architectural consistency. We introduce \textbf{SWE-Hub}, an end-to-end system that operationalizes the data factory abstraction by unifying environment automation, scalable synthesis, and diverse task generation into a coherent production stack. At its foundation, the \textbf{Env Agent} establishes a shared execution substrate by automatically converting raw repository snapshots into reproducible, multi-language container environments with standardized interfaces. Built upon this substrate, \textbf{SWE-Scale} engine addresses the need for high-throughput generation, combining cross-language code analysis with cluster-scale validation to synthesize massive volumes of localized bug-fix instances. \textbf{Bug Agent} generates high-fidelity repair tasks by synthesizing system-level regressions involving cross-module dependencies, paired with user-like issue reports that describe observable symptoms rather than root causes. Finally, \textbf{SWE-Architect} expands the task scope from repair to creation by translating natural-language requirements into repository-scale build-a-repo tasks. By integrating these components, SWE-Hub establishes a unified production pipeline capable of continuously delivering executable tasks across the entire software engineering lifecycle. △ Less

Submitted 28 February, 2026; originally announced March 2026.

GenFaceUI: Meta-Design of Generative Personalized Facial Expression Interfaces for Intelligent Agents

Authors: Yate Ge, Lin Tian, Yi Dai, Shuhan Pan, Yiwen Zhang, Qi Wang, Weiwei Guo, Xiaohua Sun

Abstract: This work investigates generative facial expression interfaces for intelligent agents from a meta-design perspective. We propose the Generative Personalized Facial Expression Interface (GPFEI) framework, which organizes rule-bounded spaces, character identity, and context--expression mapping to address challenges of control, coherence, and alignment in run-time facial expression generation. To ope… ▽ More This work investigates generative facial expression interfaces for intelligent agents from a meta-design perspective. We propose the Generative Personalized Facial Expression Interface (GPFEI) framework, which organizes rule-bounded spaces, character identity, and context--expression mapping to address challenges of control, coherence, and alignment in run-time facial expression generation. To operationalize this framework, we developed GenFaceUI, a proof-of-concept tool that enables designers to create templates, apply semantic tags, define rules, and iteratively test outcomes. We evaluated the tool through a qualitative study with twelve designers. The results show perceived gains in controllability and consistency, while revealing needs for structured visual mechanisms and lightweight explanations. These findings provide a conceptual framework, a proof-of-concept tool, and empirical insights that highlight both opportunities and challenges for advancing generative facial expression interfaces within a broader meta-design paradigm. △ Less

Submitted 11 February, 2026; originally announced February 2026.

Comments: To appear at ACM CHI '26

ACM Class: H.5.2; I.2.0

VersaViT: Enhancing MLLM Vision Backbones via Task-Guided Optimization

Authors: Yikun Liu, Yuan Liu, Shangzhe Di, Haicheng Wang, Zhongyin Zhao, Le Tian, Xiao Zhou, Jie Zhou, Jiangchao Yao, Yanfeng Wang, Weidi Xie

Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently achieved remarkable success in visual-language understanding, demonstrating superior high-level semantic alignment within their vision encoders. An important question thus arises: Can these encoders serve as versatile vision backbones, capable of reliably performing classic vision-centric tasks as well? To address the question, we make the fol… ▽ More Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently achieved remarkable success in visual-language understanding, demonstrating superior high-level semantic alignment within their vision encoders. An important question thus arises: Can these encoders serve as versatile vision backbones, capable of reliably performing classic vision-centric tasks as well? To address the question, we make the following contributions: (i) we identify that the vision encoders within MLLMs exhibit deficiencies in their dense feature representations, as evidenced by their suboptimal performance on dense prediction tasks (e.g., semantic segmentation, depth estimation); (ii) we propose VersaViT, a well-rounded vision transformer that instantiates a novel multi-task framework for collaborative post-training. This framework facilitates the optimization of the vision backbone via lightweight task heads with multi-granularity supervision; (iii) extensive experiments across various downstream tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, yielding a versatile vision backbone suited for both language-mediated reasoning and pixel-level understanding. △ Less

Submitted 10 February, 2026; originally announced February 2026.

Jokeasy: Exploring Human-AI Collaboration in Thematic Joke Generation

Authors: Yate Ge, Lin Tian, Chiqian Xu, Luyao Xu, Meiying Li, Yuanda Hu, Weiwei Guo

Abstract: Thematic jokes are central to stand-up comedy, sitcoms, and public speaking, where contexts and punchlines rely on fresh material - news, anecdotes, and cultural references that resonate with the audience. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled interactive joke generation through conversational interfaces. Although LLMs enable interactive joke generation, ordinary conversatio… ▽ More Thematic jokes are central to stand-up comedy, sitcoms, and public speaking, where contexts and punchlines rely on fresh material - news, anecdotes, and cultural references that resonate with the audience. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled interactive joke generation through conversational interfaces. Although LLMs enable interactive joke generation, ordinary conversational interfaces seldom give creators enough agency, control, or timely access to such source material for constructing context and punchlines. We designed Jokeasy, a search-enabled prototype system that integrates a dual-role LLM agent acting as both a material scout and a prototype writer to support human-AI collaboration in thematic joke writing. Jokeasy provides a visual canvas in which retrieved web content is organized into editable inspiration blocks and developed through a multistage workflow. A qualitative study with 13 hobbyists and 5 expert participants (including professional comedians and HCI/AI specialists) showed that weaving real-time web material into this structured workflow enriches ideation and preserves author agency, while also revealing needs for finer search control, tighter chat-canvas integration, and more flexible visual editing. These insights refine our understanding of AI-assisted humour writing and guide future creative-writing tools. △ Less

Submitted 10 February, 2026; originally announced February 2026.

Comments: Accepted at IASDR 2025. This is the author-accepted version. Correspondence to first author: geyate@gmail.com

POINTS-GUI-G: GUI-Grounding Journey

Authors: Zhongyin Zhao, Yuan Liu, Yikun Liu, Haicheng Wang, Le Tian, Xiao Zhou, Yangxiu You, Zilin Yu, Yang Yu, Jie Zhou

Abstract: The rapid advancement of vision-language models has catalyzed the emergence of GUI agents, which hold immense potential for automating complex tasks, from online shopping to flight booking, thereby alleviating the burden of repetitive digital workflows. As a foundational capability, GUI grounding is typically established as a prerequisite for end-to-end task execution. It enables models to precise… ▽ More The rapid advancement of vision-language models has catalyzed the emergence of GUI agents, which hold immense potential for automating complex tasks, from online shopping to flight booking, thereby alleviating the burden of repetitive digital workflows. As a foundational capability, GUI grounding is typically established as a prerequisite for end-to-end task execution. It enables models to precisely locate interface elements, such as text and icons, to perform accurate operations like clicking and typing. Unlike prior works that fine-tune models already possessing strong spatial awareness (e.g., Qwen3-VL), we aim to master the full technical pipeline by starting from a base model with minimal grounding ability, such as POINTS-1.5. We introduce POINTS-GUI-G-8B, which achieves state-of-the-art performance with scores of 59.9 on ScreenSpot-Pro, 66.0 on OSWorld-G, 95.7 on ScreenSpot-v2, and 49.9 on UI-Vision. Our model's success is driven by three key factors: (1) Refined Data Engineering, involving the unification of diverse open-source datasets format alongside sophisticated strategies for augmentation, filtering, and difficulty grading; (2) Improved Training Strategies, including continuous fine-tuning of the vision encoder to enhance perceptual accuracy and maintaining resolution consistency between training and inference; and (3) Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Verifiable Rewards. While RL is traditionally used to bolster reasoning, we demonstrate that it significantly improves precision in the perception-intensive GUI grounding task. Furthermore, GUI grounding provides a natural advantage for RL, as rewards are easily verifiable and highly accurate. △ Less

Submitted 6 February, 2026; originally announced February 2026.

Learning Query-Specific Rubrics from Human Preferences for DeepResearch Report Generation

Authors: Changze Lv, Jie Zhou, Wentao Zhao, Jingwen Xu, Shihan Dou, Zisu Huang, Muzhao Tian, Xiaohua Wang, Yang Liu, Pluto Zhou, Tao Gui, Le Tian, Xiao Zhou, Xiaoqing Zheng, Xuanjing Huang, Jie Zhou

Abstract: Nowadays, developing reliable DeepResearch-style long-form report generation remains challenging, as training and evaluation lack verifiable reward signals. Accordingly, rubric-based evaluation has become a common practice. However, existing approaches either rely on coarse, pre-defined rubrics that lack sufficient granularity or depend on manually constructed query-specific rubrics that are costl… ▽ More Nowadays, developing reliable DeepResearch-style long-form report generation remains challenging, as training and evaluation lack verifiable reward signals. Accordingly, rubric-based evaluation has become a common practice. However, existing approaches either rely on coarse, pre-defined rubrics that lack sufficient granularity or depend on manually constructed query-specific rubrics that are costly and difficult to scale. In this paper, we propose a pipeline to train preference-grounded query-specific rubric generators tailored for DeepResearch report generation. We first construct a dataset of DeepResearch-style queries annotated with human preferences over paired reports, and train rubric generators via reinforcement learning with a hybrid reward combining preference consistency, format validity, and LLM-based rubric evaluation. We evaluate the resulting rubric generators in two stages. First, on a held-out human-preference test set, the learned rubrics discriminate preferred from rejected reports more effectively than generic, prompted, or SFT-trained rubric alternatives. Second, when used as reward signals to train DeepResearch systems, our rubric generators yield substantial performance gains under both a simple single-agent ReAct framework and a complex multi-agent workflow on the DeepResearch Bench. △ Less

Submitted 1 June, 2026; v1 submitted 3 February, 2026; originally announced February 2026.

DREAMS: A Social Exchange Theory-Informed Modeling of Misinformation Engagement on Social Media

Authors: Lin Tian, Marian-Andrei Rizoiu

Abstract: Social media engagement prediction is a central challenge in computational social science, particularly for understanding how users interact with misinformation. Existing approaches often treat engagement as a homogeneous time-series signal, overlooking the heterogeneous social mechanisms and platform designs that shape how misinformation spreads. In this work, we ask: ``Can neural architectures d… ▽ More Social media engagement prediction is a central challenge in computational social science, particularly for understanding how users interact with misinformation. Existing approaches often treat engagement as a homogeneous time-series signal, overlooking the heterogeneous social mechanisms and platform designs that shape how misinformation spreads. In this work, we ask: ``Can neural architectures discover social exchange principles from behavioral data alone?'' We introduce \textsc{Dreams} (\underline{D}isentangled \underline{R}epresentations and \underline{E}pisodic \underline{A}daptive \underline{M}odeling for \underline{S}ocial media misinformation engagements), a social exchange theory-guided framework that models misinformation engagement as a dynamic process of social exchange. Rather than treating engagement as a static outcome, \textsc{Dreams} models it as a sequence-to-sequence adaptation problem, where each action reflects an evolving negotiation between user effort and social reward conditioned by platform context. It integrates adaptive mechanisms to learn how emotional and contextual signals propagate through time and across platforms. On a cross-platform dataset spanning $7$ platforms and 2.37M posts collected between 2021 and 2025, \textsc{Dreams} achieves state-of-the-art performance in predicting misinformation engagements, reaching a mean absolute percentage error of $19.25$\%. This is a $43.6$\% improvement over the strongest baseline. Beyond predictive gains, the model reveals consistent cross-platform patterns that align with social exchange principles, suggesting that integrating behavioral theory can enhance empirical modeling of online misinformation engagement. The source code is available at: https://github.com/ltian678/DREAMS. △ Less

Submitted 1 February, 2026; originally announced February 2026.

Comments: 12 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, Accepted by WWW The Web Conference 2026

JoyStreamer: Unlocking Highly Expressive Avatars via Harmonized Text-Audio Conditioning

Authors: Ruikui Wang, Jinheng Feng, Lang Tian, Huaishao Luo, Chaochao Li, Liangbo Zhou, Huan Zhang, Youzheng Wu, Xiaodong He

Abstract: Existing video avatar models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in scenarios such as talking, public speaking, and singing. However, the majority of these methods exhibit limited alignment with respect to text instructions, particularly when the prompts involve complex elements including large full-body movement, dynamic camera trajectory, background transitions, or human-object interaction… ▽ More Existing video avatar models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in scenarios such as talking, public speaking, and singing. However, the majority of these methods exhibit limited alignment with respect to text instructions, particularly when the prompts involve complex elements including large full-body movement, dynamic camera trajectory, background transitions, or human-object interactions. To break out this limitation, we present JoyAvatar, a framework capable of generating long duration avatar videos, featuring two key technical innovations. Firstly, we introduce a twin-teacher enhanced training algorithm that enables the model to transfer inherent text-controllability from the foundation model while simultaneously learning audio-visual synchronization. Secondly, during training, we dynamically modulate the strength of multi-modal conditions (e.g., audio and text) based on the distinct denoising timestep, aiming to mitigate conflicts between the heterogeneous conditioning signals. These two key designs serve to substantially expand the avatar model's capacity to generate natural, temporally coherent full-body motions and dynamic camera movements as well as preserve the basic avatar capabilities, such as accurate lip-sync and identity consistency. GSB evaluation results demonstrate that our JoyStreamer model outperforms the state-of-the-art models such as Omnihuman-1.5 and KlingAvatar 2.0. Moreover, our approach enables complex applications including multi-person dialogues and non-human subjects role-playing. Some video samples are provided on https://joystreamer.github.io/. △ Less

Submitted 31 March, 2026; v1 submitted 31 January, 2026; originally announced February 2026.

GRIP2: A Robust and Powerful Deep Knockoff Method for Feature Selection

Authors: Bob Junyi Zou, Lu Tian

Abstract: Identifying truly predictive covariates while strictly controlling false discoveries remains a fundamental challenge in nonlinear, highly correlated, and low signal-to-noise regimes, where deep learning based feature selection methods are most attractive. We propose Group Regularization Importance Persistence in 2 Dimensions (GRIP2), a deep knockoff feature importance statistic that integrates fir… ▽ More Identifying truly predictive covariates while strictly controlling false discoveries remains a fundamental challenge in nonlinear, highly correlated, and low signal-to-noise regimes, where deep learning based feature selection methods are most attractive. We propose Group Regularization Importance Persistence in 2 Dimensions (GRIP2), a deep knockoff feature importance statistic that integrates first-layer feature activity over a two-dimensional regularization surface controlling both sparsity strength and sparsification geometry. To approximate this surface integral in a single training run, we introduce efficient block-stochastic sampling, which aggregates feature activity magnitudes across diverse regularization regimes along the optimization trajectory. The resulting statistics are antisymmetric by construction, ensuring finite-sample FDR control. In extensive experiments on synthetic and semi-real data, GRIP2 demonstrates improved robustness to feature correlation and noise level: in high correlation and low signal-to-noise ratio regimes where standard deep learning based feature selectors may struggle, our method retains high power and stability. Finally, on real-world HIV drug resistance data, GRIP2 recovers known resistance-associated mutations with power better than established linear baselines, confirming its reliability in practice. △ Less

Submitted 30 January, 2026; originally announced February 2026.

Enhancing few-shot time series forecasting with LLM-guided diffusion

Authors: Haonan Shi, Dehua Shuai, Liming Wang, Xiyang Liu, Long Tian

Abstract: Time series forecasting in specialized domains is often constrained by limited data availability, where conventional models typically require large-scale datasets to effectively capture underlying temporal dynamics. To tackle this few-shot challenge, we propose LTSM-DIFF (Large-scale Temporal Sequential Memory with Diffusion), a novel learning framework that integrates the expressive power of larg… ▽ More Time series forecasting in specialized domains is often constrained by limited data availability, where conventional models typically require large-scale datasets to effectively capture underlying temporal dynamics. To tackle this few-shot challenge, we propose LTSM-DIFF (Large-scale Temporal Sequential Memory with Diffusion), a novel learning framework that integrates the expressive power of large language models with the generative capability of diffusion models. Specifically, the LTSM module is fine-tuned and employed as a temporal memory mechanism, extracting rich sequential representations even under data-scarce conditions. These representations are then utilized as conditional guidance for a joint probability diffusion process, enabling refined modeling of complex temporal patterns. This design allows knowledge transfer from the language domain to time series tasks, substantially enhancing both generalization and robustness. Extensive experiments across diverse benchmarks demonstrate that LTSM-DIFF consistently achieves state-of-the-art performance in data-rich scenarios, while also delivering significant improvements in few-shot forecasting. Our work establishes a new paradigm for time series analysis under data scarcity. △ Less

Submitted 19 January, 2026; originally announced February 2026.

Influence of Operator Expertise on Robot Supervision and Intervention

Authors: Yanran Jiang, Pavan Sikka, Leimin Tian, Dana Kuliic, Cecile Paris

Abstract: With increasing levels of robot autonomy, robots are increasingly being supervised by users with varying levels of robotics expertise. As the diversity of the user population increases, it is important to understand how users with different expertise levels approach the supervision task and how this impacts performance of the human-robot team. This exploratory study investigates how operators with… ▽ More With increasing levels of robot autonomy, robots are increasingly being supervised by users with varying levels of robotics expertise. As the diversity of the user population increases, it is important to understand how users with different expertise levels approach the supervision task and how this impacts performance of the human-robot team. This exploratory study investigates how operators with varying expertise levels perceive information and make intervention decisions when supervising a remote robot. We conducted a user study (N=27) where participants supervised a robot autonomously exploring four unknown tunnel environments in a simulator, and provided waypoints to intervene when they believed the robot had encountered difficulties. By analyzing the interaction data and questionnaire responses, we identify differing patterns in intervention timing and decision-making strategies across novice, intermediate, and expert users. △ Less

Submitted 11 August, 2026; v1 submitted 21 January, 2026; originally announced January 2026.

Comments: Accepted at the Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA 2025)

Journal ref: Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA), 2025

Explaining Why Things Go Where They Go: Interpretable Constructs of Human Organizational Preferences

Authors: Emmanuel Fashae, Michael Burke, Leimin Tian, Lingheng Meng, Pamela Carreno-Medrano

Abstract: Robotic systems for household object rearrangement often rely on latent preference models inferred from human demonstrations. While effective at prediction, these models offer limited insight into the interpretable factors that guide human decisions. We introduce an explicit formulation of object arrangement preferences along four interpretable constructs: spatial practicality (putting items where… ▽ More Robotic systems for household object rearrangement often rely on latent preference models inferred from human demonstrations. While effective at prediction, these models offer limited insight into the interpretable factors that guide human decisions. We introduce an explicit formulation of object arrangement preferences along four interpretable constructs: spatial practicality (putting items where they naturally fit best in the space), habitual convenience (making frequently used items easy to reach), semantic coherence (placing items together if they are used for the same task or are contextually related), and commonsense appropriateness (putting things where people would usually expect to find them). To capture these constructs, we designed and validated a self-report questionnaire through a 63-participant online study. Results confirm the psychological distinctiveness of these constructs and their explanatory power across two scenarios (kitchen and living room). We demonstrate the utility of these constructs by integrating them into a Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) planner and show that when guided by participant-derived preferences, our planner can generate reasonable arrangements that closely align with those generated by participants. This work contributes a compact, interpretable formulation of object arrangement preferences and a demonstration of how it can be operationalized for robot planning. △ Less

Submitted 31 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Comments: Accepted to the 2026 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI '26)

A Service Robot's Guide to Interacting with Busy Customers

Authors: Suraj Nukala, Meera Sushma, Leimin Tian, Akansel Cosgun, Dana Kulic

Abstract: The growing use of service robots in hospitality highlights the need to understand how to effectively communicate with pre-occupied customers. This study investigates the efficacy of commonly used communication modalities by service robots, namely, acoustic/speech, visual display, and micromotion gestures in capturing attention and communicating intention with a user in a simulated restaurant scen… ▽ More The growing use of service robots in hospitality highlights the need to understand how to effectively communicate with pre-occupied customers. This study investigates the efficacy of commonly used communication modalities by service robots, namely, acoustic/speech, visual display, and micromotion gestures in capturing attention and communicating intention with a user in a simulated restaurant scenario. We conducted a two-part user study (N=24) using a Temi robot to simulate delivery tasks, with participants engaged in a typing game (MonkeyType) to emulate a state of busyness. The participants' engagement in the typing game is measured by words per minute (WPM) and typing accuracy. In Part 1, we compared non-verbal acoustic cue versus baseline conditions to assess attention capture during a single-cup delivery task. In Part 2, we evaluated the effectiveness of speech, visual display, micromotion and their multimodal combination in conveying specific intentions (correct cup selection) during a two-cup delivery task. The results indicate that, while speech is highly effective in capturing attention, it is less successful in clearly communicating intention. Participants rated visual as the most effective modality for intention clarity, followed by speech, with micromotion being the lowest ranked.These findings provide insights into optimizing communication strategies for service robots, highlighting the distinct roles of attention capture and intention communication in enhancing user experience in dynamic hospitality settings. △ Less

Submitted 19 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

Comments: Presented at ACRA 2025. 10 pages, 4 figures. Includes a user study (N=24) using the Temi robot evaluating speech, visual, and micromotion modalities

Report number: pap173s2 ACM Class: I.2.9; H.5.2; H.1.2

Journal ref: Proceedings of the 2025 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA 2025)

RecGPT-V2 Technical Report

Authors: Chao Yi, Dian Chen, Gaoyang Guo, Jiakai Tang, Jian Wu, Jing Yu, Mao Zhang, Wen Chen, Wenjun Yang, Yujie Luo, Yuning Jiang, Zhujin Gao, Bo Zheng, Binbin Cao, Changfa Wu, Dixuan Wang, Han Wu, Haoyi Hu, Kewei Zhu, Lang Tian, Lin Yang, Qiqi Huang, Siqi Yang, Wenbo Su, Xiaoxiao He , et al. (10 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in transforming recommender systems from implicit behavioral pattern matching to explicit intent reasoning. While RecGPT-V1 successfully pioneered this paradigm by integrating LLM-based reasoning into user interest mining and item tag prediction, it suffers from four fundamental limitations: (1) computational inefficiency and cogn… ▽ More Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in transforming recommender systems from implicit behavioral pattern matching to explicit intent reasoning. While RecGPT-V1 successfully pioneered this paradigm by integrating LLM-based reasoning into user interest mining and item tag prediction, it suffers from four fundamental limitations: (1) computational inefficiency and cognitive redundancy across multiple reasoning routes; (2) insufficient explanation diversity in fixed-template generation; (3) limited generalization under supervised learning paradigms; and (4) simplistic outcome-focused evaluation that fails to match human standards. To address these challenges, we present RecGPT-V2 with four key innovations. First, a Hierarchical Multi-Agent System restructures intent reasoning through coordinated collaboration, eliminating cognitive duplication while enabling diverse intent coverage. Combined with Hybrid Representation Inference that compresses user-behavior contexts, our framework reduces GPU consumption by 60% and improves exclusive recall from 9.39% to 10.99%. Second, a Meta-Prompting framework dynamically generates contextually adaptive prompts, improving explanation diversity by +7.3%. Third, constrained reinforcement learning mitigates multi-reward conflicts, achieving +24.1% improvement in tag prediction and +13.0% in explanation acceptance. Fourth, an Agent-as-a-Judge framework decomposes assessment into multi-step reasoning, improving human preference alignment. Online A/B tests on Taobao demonstrate significant improvements: +2.98% CTR, +3.71% IPV, +2.19% TV, and +11.46% NER. RecGPT-V2 establishes both the technical feasibility and commercial viability of deploying LLM-powered intent reasoning at scale, bridging the gap between cognitive exploration and industrial utility. △ Less

Submitted 16 December, 2025; originally announced December 2025.

LiMT: A Multi-task Liver Image Benchmark Dataset

Authors: Zhe Liu, Kai Han, Siqi Ma, Yan Zhu, Jun Chen, Chongwen Lyu, Xinyi Qiu, Chengxuan Qian, Yuqing Song, Yi Liu, Liyuan Tian, Yang Ji, Yuefeng Li

Abstract: Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) technology can assist clinicians in evaluating liver lesions and intervening with treatment in time. Although CAD technology has advanced in recent years, the application scope of existing datasets remains relatively limited, typically supporting only single tasks, which has somewhat constrained the development of CAD technology. To address the above limitation, in t… ▽ More Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) technology can assist clinicians in evaluating liver lesions and intervening with treatment in time. Although CAD technology has advanced in recent years, the application scope of existing datasets remains relatively limited, typically supporting only single tasks, which has somewhat constrained the development of CAD technology. To address the above limitation, in this paper, we construct a multi-task liver dataset (LiMT) used for liver and tumor segmentation, multi-label lesion classification, and lesion detection based on arterial phase-enhanced computed tomography (CT), potentially providing an exploratory solution that is able to explore the correlation between tasks and does not need to worry about the heterogeneity between task-specific datasets during training. The dataset includes CT volumes from 150 different cases, comprising four types of liver diseases as well as normal cases. Each volume has been carefully annotated and calibrated by experienced clinicians. This public multi-task dataset may become a valuable resource for the medical imaging research community in the future. In addition, this paper not only provides relevant baseline experimental results but also reviews existing datasets and methods related to liver-related tasks. Our dataset is available at https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1l9HRK13uaOQTNShf5pwgSz3OTanWjkag?usp=sharing. △ Less

Submitted 24 November, 2025; originally announced November 2025.

Comments: IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics

AIA-UltraNeRF:Acoustic-Impedance-Aware Neural Radiance Field with Hash Encodings for Robotic Ultrasound Reconstruction and Localization

Authors: Shuai Zhang, Jingsong Mu, Cancan Zhao, Leiqi Tian, Zhijun Xing, Bo Ouyang, Xiang Li

Abstract: Neural radiance field (NeRF) is a promising approach for reconstruction and new view synthesis. However, previous NeRF-based reconstruction methods overlook the critical role of acoustic impedance in ultrasound imaging. Localization methods face challenges related to local minima due to the selection of initial poses. In this study, we design a robotic ultrasound system (RUSS) with an acoustic-imp… ▽ More Neural radiance field (NeRF) is a promising approach for reconstruction and new view synthesis. However, previous NeRF-based reconstruction methods overlook the critical role of acoustic impedance in ultrasound imaging. Localization methods face challenges related to local minima due to the selection of initial poses. In this study, we design a robotic ultrasound system (RUSS) with an acoustic-impedance-aware ultrasound NeRF (AIA-UltraNeRF) to decouple the scanning and diagnostic processes. Specifically, AIA-UltraNeRF models a continuous function of hash-encoded spatial coordinates for the 3D ultrasound map, allowing for the storage of acoustic impedance without dense sampling. This approach accelerates both reconstruction and inference speeds. We then propose a dual-supervised network that leverages teacher and student models to hash-encode the rendered ultrasound images from the reconstructed map. AIA-UltraNeRF retrieves the most similar hash values without the need to render images again, providing an offline initial image position for localization. Moreover, we develop a RUSS with a spherical remote center of motion mechanism to hold the probe, implementing operator-independent scanning modes that separate image acquisition from diagnostic workflows. Experimental results on a phantom and human subjects demonstrate the effectiveness of acoustic impedance in implicitly characterizing the color of ultrasound images. AIAUltraNeRF achieves both reconstruction and localization with inference speeds that are 9.9 faster than those of vanilla NeRF. △ Less

Submitted 23 November, 2025; originally announced November 2025.

DCL-SE: Dynamic Curriculum Learning for Spatiotemporal Encoding of Brain Imaging

Authors: Meihua Zhou, Xinyu Tong, Jiarui Zhao, Min Cheng, Li Yang, Lei Tian, Nan Wan

Abstract: High-dimensional neuroimaging analyses for clinical diagnosis are often constrained by compromises in spatiotemporal fidelity and by the limited adaptability of large-scale, general-purpose models. To address these challenges, we introduce Dynamic Curriculum Learning for Spatiotemporal Encoding (DCL-SE), an end-to-end framework centered on data-driven spatiotemporal encoding (DaSE). We leverage Ap… ▽ More High-dimensional neuroimaging analyses for clinical diagnosis are often constrained by compromises in spatiotemporal fidelity and by the limited adaptability of large-scale, general-purpose models. To address these challenges, we introduce Dynamic Curriculum Learning for Spatiotemporal Encoding (DCL-SE), an end-to-end framework centered on data-driven spatiotemporal encoding (DaSE). We leverage Approximate Rank Pooling (ARP) to efficiently encode three-dimensional volumetric brain data into information-rich, two-dimensional dynamic representations, and then employ a dynamic curriculum learning strategy, guided by a Dynamic Group Mechanism (DGM), to progressively train the decoder, refining feature extraction from global anatomical structures to fine pathological details. Evaluated across six publicly available datasets, including Alzheimer's disease and brain tumor classification, cerebral artery segmentation, and brain age prediction, DCL-SE consistently outperforms existing methods in accuracy, robustness, and interpretability. These findings underscore the critical importance of compact, task-specific architectures in the era of large-scale pretrained networks. △ Less

Submitted 19 November, 2025; originally announced November 2025.

Extracting Events Like Code: A Multi-Agent Programming Framework for Zero-Shot Event Extraction

Authors: Quanjiang Guo, Sijie Wang, Jinchuan Zhang, Ben Zhang, Zhao Kang, Ling Tian, Ke Yan

Abstract: Zero-shot event extraction (ZSEE) remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs) due to the need for complex reasoning and domain-specific understanding. Direct prompting often yields incomplete or structurally invalid outputs--such as misclassified triggers, missing arguments, and schema violations. To address these limitations, we present Agent-Event-Coder (AEC), a novel multi-… ▽ More Zero-shot event extraction (ZSEE) remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs) due to the need for complex reasoning and domain-specific understanding. Direct prompting often yields incomplete or structurally invalid outputs--such as misclassified triggers, missing arguments, and schema violations. To address these limitations, we present Agent-Event-Coder (AEC), a novel multi-agent framework that treats event extraction like software engineering: as a structured, iterative code-generation process. AEC decomposes ZSEE into specialized subtasks--retrieval, planning, coding, and verification--each handled by a dedicated LLM agent. Event schemas are represented as executable class definitions, enabling deterministic validation and precise feedback via a verification agent. This programming-inspired approach allows for systematic disambiguation and schema enforcement through iterative refinement. By leveraging collaborative agent workflows, AEC enables LLMs to produce precise, complete, and schema-consistent extractions in zero-shot settings. Experiments across five diverse domains and six LLMs demonstrate that AEC consistently outperforms prior zero-shot baselines, showcasing the power of treating event extraction like code generation. The code and data are released on https://github.com/UESTC-GQJ/Agent-Event-Coder. △ Less

Submitted 17 November, 2025; originally announced November 2025.

Comments: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted by AAAI 2026 (Oral)