-
Identified charged hadron production in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 54.4 GeV with the STAR detector
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbayev,
I. Alekseev,
E. Alpatov,
A. K. Alshammri,
A. Aparin,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
X. Bao,
P. Barik,
K. Barish,
S. Behera,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. D. Brandenburg
, et al. (363 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present results on the production of $π^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$, and $\bar{p}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 54.4~GeV using the STAR detector at RHIC, at midrapidity ($|y| <$ 0.1). Invariant yields of these particles as a function of transverse momentum are shown. We determine bulk properties such as integrated particle yields ($dN/dy$), mean transverse momentum (…
▽ More
We present results on the production of $π^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$, and $\bar{p}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 54.4~GeV using the STAR detector at RHIC, at midrapidity ($|y| <$ 0.1). Invariant yields of these particles as a function of transverse momentum are shown. We determine bulk properties such as integrated particle yields ($dN/dy$), mean transverse momentum ($\langle p_{T} \rangle$), particle ratios, which provide insight into the particle production mechanisms. Additionally, the kinetic freezeout parameters ($T_\text{kin}$ and $\langle β_{T} \rangle$), which provide information about the dynamics of the system at the time of freezeout, are obtained. The Bjorken energy density ($ε_{\rm{BJ}}$), which gives an estimate of the energy density in the central rapidity region of the collision zone at the formation time $τ$, is calculated and presented as a function of multiplicity for various energies. The results are compared with those from the models such as A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) and Heavy Ion Jet INteraction Generator (HIJING) for further insights.
△ Less
Submitted 21 May, 2026; v1 submitted 6 December, 2025;
originally announced December 2025.
-
High-Precision Physics Experiments at Huizhou Large-Scale Scientific Facilities
Authors:
FengPeng An,
Dong Bai,
Siyuan Chen,
Xurong Chen,
Hongyue Duyang,
Leyun Gao,
Shao-Feng Ge,
Jun He,
Junting Huang,
Zhongkui Huang,
Igor Ivanov,
Chen Ji,
Huan Jia,
Junjie Jiang,
Xiaolin Kang,
Soo-Bong Kim,
Chui-Fan Kong,
Wei Kou,
Qiang Li,
Qite Li,
Jiajun Liao,
Jiajie Ling,
Cheng-en Liu,
Xinwen Ma,
Hao Qiu
, et al. (17 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
In response to the capabilities presented by the High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) and the Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System (CiADS), as well as the proposed Chinese Advanced Nuclear Physics Research Facility (CNUF), we are assembling a consortium of experts in relevant discipline--both domestically and internationally--to delineate high-precision physics experiments that le…
▽ More
In response to the capabilities presented by the High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) and the Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System (CiADS), as well as the proposed Chinese Advanced Nuclear Physics Research Facility (CNUF), we are assembling a consortium of experts in relevant discipline--both domestically and internationally--to delineate high-precision physics experiments that leverage the state-of-the-art research environment afforded by CNUF. Our focus encompasses six primary domains of inquiry: hadron physics--including endeavors such as the super eta factory and investigations into light hadron structures; muon physics; neutrino physics; neutron physics; the testing of fundamental symmetries; and the exploration of quantum effects within nuclear physics, along with the utilization of vortex accelerators. We aim to foster a well-rounded portfolio of large, medium, and small-scale projects, thus unlocking new scientific avenues and optimizing the potential of the Huizhou large scientific facility. The aspiration for international leadership in scientific research will be a guiding principle in our strategic planning. This initiative will serve as a foundational reference for the Institute of Modern Physics in its strategic planning and goal-setting, ensuring alignment with its developmental objectives while striving to secure a competitive edge in technological advancement. Our ambition is to engage in substantive research within these realms of high-precision physics, to pursue groundbreaking discoveries, and to stimulate progress in China's nuclear physics landscape, positioning Huizhou as a preeminent global hub for advanced nuclear physics research.
△ Less
Submitted 30 October, 2025; v1 submitted 28 April, 2025;
originally announced April 2025.
-
Simulation of dark scalar particle sensitivity in $η$ rare decay channels at HIAF
Authors:
Yang Liu,
Rong Wang,
Zaiba Mushtaq,
Ye Tian,
Xionghong He,
Hao Qiu,
Xurong Chen
Abstract:
Searching dark portal particle is a hot topic in particle physics frontier. We present a simulation study of an experiment targeted for searching the scalar portal particle at Huizhou $η$ factory. The HIAF high-intensity proton beam and a high event-rate spectrometer are suggested for the experiment aimed for the discovery of new physics. Under the conservative estimation, $5.9\times 10^{11}$ $η$…
▽ More
Searching dark portal particle is a hot topic in particle physics frontier. We present a simulation study of an experiment targeted for searching the scalar portal particle at Huizhou $η$ factory. The HIAF high-intensity proton beam and a high event-rate spectrometer are suggested for the experiment aimed for the discovery of new physics. Under the conservative estimation, $5.9\times 10^{11}$ $η$ events could be produced in one month running of the experiment. The hadronic production of $η$ meson ($p + ^7\text{Li} \rightarrow ηX$) is simulated at beam energy of 1.8 GeV using GiBUU event generator. We tend to search for the light dark scalar particle in the rare decay channels $η\rightarrow S π^0 \rightarrow π^+ π^- π^0$ and $η\rightarrow S π^0 \rightarrow e^+ e^- π^0$. The detection efficiencies of the channels and the spectrometer resolutions are studied in the simulation. We also present the projected upper limits of the decay branching ratios of the dark scalar particle and the projected sensitivities to the model parameters.
△ Less
Submitted 4 December, 2024;
originally announced December 2024.
-
The plan for a super $η$ factory at Huizhou accelerator complex
Authors:
Xu-Rong Chen,
Xiong-Hong He,
Qiang Hu,
De-Xu Lin,
Yang Liu,
Hao Qiu,
Xu Sun,
Ye Tian,
Rong Wang,
Hong-Lin Zhang,
Ya-Peng Zhang,
Cheng-Xin Zhao
Abstract:
As an approximate Goldstone boson with zero quantum number and zero standard model charge, the decay processes of long-lived $η$ meson offer a unique opportunity to explore new physics beyond the standard model and new sources of CP violation, as well as test the low-energy QCD theory and measure the fundamental parameters of light quarks. To pursue these goals in the physics frontiers, we propose…
▽ More
As an approximate Goldstone boson with zero quantum number and zero standard model charge, the decay processes of long-lived $η$ meson offer a unique opportunity to explore new physics beyond the standard model and new sources of CP violation, as well as test the low-energy QCD theory and measure the fundamental parameters of light quarks. To pursue these goals in the physics frontiers, we propose a plan to construct a super $η$ factory at HIAF high-energy terminal or at CiADS after its energy upgrade. The high-intensity proton beam at HIAF enables the production of a vast number of $η$ samples, exceeding $10^{13}$ events per year in the first stage, utilizing multiple layers of thin targets made of light nucleus. This paper presents the physics goals, the first-version conceptual design of the spectrometer, and some preliminary simulation results.
△ Less
Submitted 5 December, 2024; v1 submitted 30 June, 2024;
originally announced July 2024.
-
Measurements of charged-particle multiplicity dependence of higher-order net-proton cumulants in $p$+$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 200 GeV from STAR at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
E. C. Aschenauer,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
S. R. Bhosale,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
C. Broodo,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (338 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report on the charged-particle multiplicity dependence of net-proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order from $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV $p$+$p$ collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured ratios $C_{4}/C_{2}$, $C_{5}/C_{1}$, and $C_{6}/C_{2}$ decrease with increased charged-particle multiplicity and rapidity acceptance. Neither the Skellam baselines nor PYTHIA8 calculations ac…
▽ More
We report on the charged-particle multiplicity dependence of net-proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order from $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV $p$+$p$ collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured ratios $C_{4}/C_{2}$, $C_{5}/C_{1}$, and $C_{6}/C_{2}$ decrease with increased charged-particle multiplicity and rapidity acceptance. Neither the Skellam baselines nor PYTHIA8 calculations account for the observed multiplicity dependence. In addition, the ratios $C_{5}/C_{1}$ and $C_{6}/C_{2}$ approach negative values in the highest-multiplicity events, which implies that thermalized QCD matter may be formed in $p$+$p$ collisions.
△ Less
Submitted 4 September, 2024; v1 submitted 1 November, 2023;
originally announced November 2023.
-
Higher-Order Cumulants and Correlation Functions of Proton Multiplicity Distributions in $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au Collisions at the RHIC STAR Experiment
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. S. Abdallah,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
J. K. Adkins,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
D. M. Anderson,
E. C. Aschenauer,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (349 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report a measurement of cumulants and correlation functions of event-by-event proton multiplicity distributions from fixed-target Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV measured by the STAR experiment. Protons are identified within the rapidity ($y$) and transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) region $-0.9 < y<0$ and $0.4 < p_{\rm T} <2.0 $ GeV/$c$ in the center-of-mass frame. A systematic a…
▽ More
We report a measurement of cumulants and correlation functions of event-by-event proton multiplicity distributions from fixed-target Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV measured by the STAR experiment. Protons are identified within the rapidity ($y$) and transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) region $-0.9 < y<0$ and $0.4 < p_{\rm T} <2.0 $ GeV/$c$ in the center-of-mass frame. A systematic analysis of the proton cumulants and correlation functions up to sixth-order as well as the corresponding ratios as a function of the collision centrality, $p_{\rm T}$, and $y$ are presented. The effect of pileup and initial volume fluctuations on these observables and the respective corrections are discussed in detail. The results are compared to calculations from the hadronic transport UrQMD model as well as a hydrodynamic model. In the most central 5\% collisions, the value of proton cumulant ratio $C_4/C_2$ is negative, drastically different from the values observed in Au+Au collisions at higher energies. Compared to model calculations including Lattice QCD, a hadronic transport model, and a hydrodynamic model, the strong suppression in the ratio of $C_4/C_2$ at 3 GeV Au+Au collisions indicates an energy regime dominated by hadronic interactions.
△ Less
Submitted 22 February, 2023; v1 submitted 24 September, 2022;
originally announced September 2022.
-
Beam Energy Dependence of Triton Production and Yield Ratio ($\mathrm{N}_t \times \mathrm{N}_p/\mathrm{N}_d^2$) in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
J. R. Adams,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbaev,
I. Alekseev,
D. M. Anderson,
A. Aparin,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. D. Brandenburg
, et al. (333 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report the triton ($t$) production in mid-rapidity ($|y| <$ 0.5) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$= 7.7--200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment from the first phase of the beam energy scan at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The nuclear compound yield ratio ($\mathrm{N}_t \times \mathrm{N}_p/\mathrm{N}_d^2$), which is predicted to be sensitive to the fluctuation of local ne…
▽ More
We report the triton ($t$) production in mid-rapidity ($|y| <$ 0.5) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$= 7.7--200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment from the first phase of the beam energy scan at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The nuclear compound yield ratio ($\mathrm{N}_t \times \mathrm{N}_p/\mathrm{N}_d^2$), which is predicted to be sensitive to the fluctuation of local neutron density, is observed to decrease monotonically with increasing charged-particle multiplicity ($dN_{ch}/dη$) and follows a scaling behavior. The $dN_{ch}/dη$ dependence of the yield ratio is compared to calculations from coalescence and thermal models. Enhancements in the yield ratios relative to the coalescence baseline are observed in the 0\%-10\% most central collisions at 19.6 and 27 GeV, with a significance of 2.3$σ$ and 3.4$σ$, respectively, giving a combined significance of 4.1$σ$. The enhancements are not observed in peripheral collisions or model calculations without critical fluctuation, and decreases with a smaller $p_{T}$ acceptance. The physics implications of these results on the QCD phase structure and the production mechanism of light nuclei in heavy-ion collisions are discussed.
△ Less
Submitted 18 May, 2023; v1 submitted 16 September, 2022;
originally announced September 2022.
-
Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm{NN}}}}=27$ GeV with the STAR forward Event Plane Detectors
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
D. M. Anderson,
E. C. Aschenauer,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
X. Z. Cai,
H. Caines,
M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez
, et al. (347 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
A decisive experimental test of the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) is considered one of the major scientific goals at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) towards understanding the nontrivial topological fluctuations of the Quantum Chromodynamics vacuum. In heavy-ion collisions, the CME is expected to result in a charge separation phenomenon across the reaction plane, whose strength could be s…
▽ More
A decisive experimental test of the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) is considered one of the major scientific goals at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) towards understanding the nontrivial topological fluctuations of the Quantum Chromodynamics vacuum. In heavy-ion collisions, the CME is expected to result in a charge separation phenomenon across the reaction plane, whose strength could be strongly energy dependent. The previous CME searches have been focused on top RHIC energy collisions. In this Letter, we present a low energy search for the CME in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm{NN}}}}=27$ GeV. We measure elliptic flow scaled charge-dependent correlators relative to the event planes that are defined at both mid-rapidity $|η|<1.0$ and at forward rapidity $2.1 < |η|<5.1$. We compare the results based on the directed flow plane ($Ψ_1$) at forward rapidity and the elliptic flow plane ($Ψ_2$) at both central and forward rapidity. The CME scenario is expected to result in a larger correlation relative to $Ψ_1$ than to $Ψ_2$, while a flow driven background scenario would lead to a consistent result for both event planes. In 10-50\% centrality, results using three different event planes are found to be consistent within experimental uncertainties, suggesting a flow driven background scenario dominating the measurement. We obtain an upper limit on the deviation from a flow driven background scenario at the 95\% confidence level. This work opens up a possible road map towards future CME search with the high statistics data from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan Phase-II.
△ Less
Submitted 19 April, 2023; v1 submitted 7 September, 2022;
originally announced September 2022.
-
Pion, kaon, and (anti-)proton production in U+U Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 193 GeV measured with the STAR detector
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. S. Abdallah,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
J. R. Adams,
J. K. Adkins,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbaev,
I. Alekseev,
D. M. Anderson,
A. Aparin,
J. Atchison,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. D. Brandenburg
, et al. (330 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present the first measurements of transverse momentum spectra of $π^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p(\bar{p})$ at midrapidity ($|y| < 0.1$) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 193 GeV with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The centrality dependence of particle yields, average transverse momenta, particle ratios and kinetic freeze-out parameters are discussed. The results…
▽ More
We present the first measurements of transverse momentum spectra of $π^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p(\bar{p})$ at midrapidity ($|y| < 0.1$) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 193 GeV with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The centrality dependence of particle yields, average transverse momenta, particle ratios and kinetic freeze-out parameters are discussed. The results are compared with the published results from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =$ 200 GeV in STAR. The results are also compared to those from A Multi Phase Transport (AMPT) model.
△ Less
Submitted 11 February, 2023; v1 submitted 1 August, 2022;
originally announced August 2022.
-
Pattern of Global Spin Alignment of $φ$ and $K^{*0}$ mesons in Heavy-Ion Collisions
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. S. Abdallah,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
J. K. Adkins,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbaev,
I. Alekseev,
D. M. Anderson,
A. Aparin,
E. C. Aschenauer,
M. U. Ashraf,
F. G. Atetalla,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
A. Behera,
R. Bellwied
, et al. (368 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Notwithstanding decades of progress since Yukawa first developed a description of the force between nucleons in terms of meson exchange, a full understanding of the strong interaction remains a major challenge in modern science. One remaining difficulty arises from the non-perturbative nature of the strong force, which leads to the phenomenon of quark confinement at distances on the order of the s…
▽ More
Notwithstanding decades of progress since Yukawa first developed a description of the force between nucleons in terms of meson exchange, a full understanding of the strong interaction remains a major challenge in modern science. One remaining difficulty arises from the non-perturbative nature of the strong force, which leads to the phenomenon of quark confinement at distances on the order of the size of the proton. Here we show that in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, where quarks and gluons are set free over an extended volume, two species of produced vector (spin-1) mesons, namely $φ$ and $K^{*0}$, emerge with a surprising pattern of global spin alignment. In particular, the global spin alignment for $φ$ is unexpectedly large, while that for $K^{*0}$ is consistent with zero. The observed spin-alignment pattern and magnitude for the $φ$ cannot be explained by conventional mechanisms, while a model with a connection to strong force fields, i.e. an effective proxy description within the Standard Model and Quantum Chromodynamics, accommodates the current data. This connection, if fully established, will open a potential new avenue for studying the behaviour of strong force fields.
△ Less
Submitted 18 January, 2023; v1 submitted 5 April, 2022;
originally announced April 2022.
-
Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect with Isobar Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV by the STAR Collaboration at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. S. Abdallah,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
J. K. Adkins,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
I. Alekseev,
D. M. Anderson,
A. Aparin,
E. C. Aschenauer,
M. U. Ashraf,
F. G. Atetalla,
A. Attri,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
A. Behera,
R. Bellwied
, et al. (373 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is predicted to occur as a consequence of a local violation of $\cal P$ and $\cal CP$ symmetries of the strong interaction amidst a strong electro-magnetic field generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Experimental manifestation of the CME involves a separation of positively and negatively charged hadrons along the direction of the magnetic field. Previous…
▽ More
The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is predicted to occur as a consequence of a local violation of $\cal P$ and $\cal CP$ symmetries of the strong interaction amidst a strong electro-magnetic field generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Experimental manifestation of the CME involves a separation of positively and negatively charged hadrons along the direction of the magnetic field. Previous measurements of the CME-sensitive charge-separation observables remain inconclusive because of large background contributions. In order to better control the influence of signal and backgrounds, the STAR Collaboration performed a blind analysis of a large data sample of approximately 3.8 billion isobar collisions of $^{96}_{44}$Ru+$^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr+$^{96}_{40}$Zr at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=200$ GeV. Prior to the blind analysis, the CME signatures are predefined as a significant excess of the CME-sensitive observables in Ru+Ru collisions over those in Zr+Zr collisions, owing to a larger magnetic field in the former. A precision down to 0.4% is achieved, as anticipated, in the relative magnitudes of the pertinent observables between the two isobar systems. Observed differences in the multiplicity and flow harmonics at the matching centrality indicate that the magnitude of the CME background is different between the two species. No CME signature that satisfies the predefined criteria has been observed in isobar collisions in this blind analysis.
△ Less
Submitted 31 August, 2021;
originally announced September 2021.
-
Search for the chiral magnetic effect via charge-dependent azimuthal correlations relative to spectator and participant planes in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. S. Abdallah,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
J. K. Adkins,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
I. Alekseev,
D. M. Anderson,
A. Aparin,
E. C. Aschenauer,
M. U. Ashraf,
F. G. Atetalla,
A. Attri,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
A. Behera,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat
, et al. (365 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The chiral magnetic effect (CME) refers to charge separation along a strong magnetic field due to imbalanced chirality of quarks in local parity and charge-parity violating domains in quantum chromodynamics. The experimental measurement of the charge separation is made difficult by the presence of a major background from elliptic azimuthal anisotropy. This background and the CME signal have differ…
▽ More
The chiral magnetic effect (CME) refers to charge separation along a strong magnetic field due to imbalanced chirality of quarks in local parity and charge-parity violating domains in quantum chromodynamics. The experimental measurement of the charge separation is made difficult by the presence of a major background from elliptic azimuthal anisotropy. This background and the CME signal have different sensitivities to the spectator and participant planes, and could thus be determined by measurements with respect to these planes. We report such measurements in Au+Au collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. It is found that the charge separation, with the flow background removed, is consistent with zero in peripheral (large impact parameter) collisions. Some indication of finite CME signals is seen in mid-central (intermediate impact parameter) collisions. Significant residual background effects may, however, still be present.
△ Less
Submitted 17 September, 2022; v1 submitted 17 June, 2021;
originally announced June 2021.
-
Measurement of the Sixth-Order Cumulant of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=$ 27, 54.4, and 200 GeV at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. S. Abdallah,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
J. K. Adkins,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
I. Alekseev,
D. M. Anderson,
A. Aparin,
E. C. Aschenauer,
M. U. Ashraf,
F. G. Atetalla,
A. Attri,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
A. Behera,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat
, et al. (369 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
According to first principle Lattice QCD calculations, the transition from quark-gluon plasma to hadronic matter is a smooth crossover in the region $μ_{\rm B}\leq T_{c}$. In this range the ratio, $C_{6}/C_{2}$, of net-baryon distributions are predicted to be negative. In this paper, we report the first measurement of the midrapidity net-proton $C_{6}/C_{2}$ from 27, 54.4 and 200 GeV Au+Au collisi…
▽ More
According to first principle Lattice QCD calculations, the transition from quark-gluon plasma to hadronic matter is a smooth crossover in the region $μ_{\rm B}\leq T_{c}$. In this range the ratio, $C_{6}/C_{2}$, of net-baryon distributions are predicted to be negative. In this paper, we report the first measurement of the midrapidity net-proton $C_{6}/C_{2}$ from 27, 54.4 and 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. The dependence on collision centrality and kinematic acceptance in ($p_{T}$, $y$) are analyzed. While for 27 and 54.4 GeV collisions the $C_{6}/C_{2}$ values are close to zero within uncertainties, it is observed that for 200 GeV collisions, the $C_{6}/C_{2}$ ratio becomes progressively negative from peripheral to central collisions. Transport model calculations without critical dynamics predict mostly positive values except for the most central collisions within uncertainties. These observations seem to favor a smooth crossover in the high energy nuclear collisions at top RHIC energy.
△ Less
Submitted 21 December, 2021; v1 submitted 31 May, 2021;
originally announced May 2021.
-
Cumulants and Correlation Functions of Net-proton, Proton and Antiproton Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. S. Abdallah,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
J. K. Adkins,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
I. Alekseev,
D. M. Anderson,
A. Aparin,
E. C. Aschenauer,
M. U. Ashraf,
F. G. Atetalla,
A. Attri,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
A. Behera,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat
, et al. (367 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report a systematic measurement of cumulants, $C_{n}$, for net-proton, proton and antiproton multiplicity distributions, and correlation functions, $κ_n$, for proton and antiproton multiplicity distributions up to the fourth order in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}$ = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 54.4, 62.4 and 200 GeV. The $C_{n}$ and $κ_n$ are presented as a function of collisi…
▽ More
We report a systematic measurement of cumulants, $C_{n}$, for net-proton, proton and antiproton multiplicity distributions, and correlation functions, $κ_n$, for proton and antiproton multiplicity distributions up to the fourth order in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}$ = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 54.4, 62.4 and 200 GeV. The $C_{n}$ and $κ_n$ are presented as a function of collision energy, centrality and kinematic acceptance in rapidity, $y$, and transverse momentum, $p_{T}$. The data were taken during the first phase of the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program (2010 -- 2017) at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) facility. The measurements are carried out at midrapidity ($|y| <$ 0.5) and transverse momentum 0.4 $<$ $p_{\rm T}$ $<$ 2.0 GeV/$c$, using the STAR detector at RHIC. We observe a non-monotonic energy dependence ($\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}$ = 7.7 -- 62.4 GeV) of the net-proton $C_{4}$/$C_{2}$ with the significance of 3.1$σ$ for the 0-5\% central Au+Au collisions. This is consistent with the expectations of critical fluctuations in a QCD-inspired model. Thermal and transport model calculations show a monotonic variation with $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}$. For the multiparticle correlation functions, we observe significant negative values for a two-particle correlation function, $κ_2$, of protons and antiprotons, which are mainly due to the effects of baryon number conservation. Furthermore, it is found that the four-particle correlation function, $κ_4$, of protons plays a role in determining the energy dependence of proton $C_4/C_1$ below 19.6 GeV, which cannot be understood by the effect of baryon number conservation.
△ Less
Submitted 7 August, 2021; v1 submitted 29 January, 2021;
originally announced January 2021.
-
Excess Electronic Recoil Events in XENON1T
Authors:
E. Aprile,
J. Aalbers,
F. Agostini,
M. Alfonsi,
L. Althueser,
F. D. Amaro,
V. C. Antochi,
E. Angelino,
J. R. Angevaare,
F. Arneodo,
D. Barge,
L. Baudis,
B. Bauermeister,
L. Bellagamba,
M. L. Benabderrahmane,
T. Berger,
A. Brown,
E. Brown,
S. Bruenner,
G. Bruno,
R. Budnik,
C. Capelli,
J. M. R. Cardoso,
D. Cichon,
B. Cimmino
, et al. (114 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report results from searches for new physics with low-energy electronic recoil data recorded with the XENON1T detector. With an exposure of 0.65 t-y and an unprecedentedly low background rate of $76\pm2$ events/(t y keV) between 1 and 30 keV, the data enables sensitive searches for solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, and bosonic dark matter. An excess over known backgrounds is o…
▽ More
We report results from searches for new physics with low-energy electronic recoil data recorded with the XENON1T detector. With an exposure of 0.65 t-y and an unprecedentedly low background rate of $76\pm2$ events/(t y keV) between 1 and 30 keV, the data enables sensitive searches for solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, and bosonic dark matter. An excess over known backgrounds is observed at low energies and most prominent between 2 and 3 keV. The solar axion model has a 3.4$σ$ significance, and a 3D 90% confidence surface is reported for axion couplings to electrons, photons, and nucleons. This surface is inscribed in the cuboid defined by $g_{ae}<3.8 \times 10^{-12}$, $g_{ae}g_{an}^{eff}<4.8\times 10^{-18}$, and $g_{ae}g_{aγ}<7.7\times10^{-22} GeV^{-1}$, and excludes either $g_{ae}=0$ or $g_{ae}g_{aγ}=g_{ae}g_{an}^{eff}=0$. The neutrino magnetic moment signal is similarly favored over background at 3.2$σ$ and a confidence interval of $μ_ν \in (1.4,2.9)\times10^{-11}μ_B$ (90% C.L.) is reported. Both results are in strong tension with stellar constraints. The excess can also be explained by $β$ decays of tritium at 3.2$σ$ with a trace amount that can neither be confirmed nor excluded with current knowledge of its production and reduction mechanisms. The significances of the solar axion and neutrino magnetic moment hypotheses are reduced to 2.0$σ$ and 0.9$σ$, respectively, if an unconstrained tritium component is included in the fitting. With respect to bosonic dark matter, the excess favors a monoenergetic peak at ($2.3\pm0.2$) keV (68% C.L.) with a 3.0$σ$ global (4.0$σ$ local) significance. We also consider the possibility that $^{37}$Ar may be present in the detector and yield a 2.82 keV peak. Contrary to tritium, the $^{37}$Ar concentration can be tightly constrained and is found to be negligible.
△ Less
Submitted 16 October, 2020; v1 submitted 17 June, 2020;
originally announced June 2020.
-
Parkes transient events: I. Database of single pulses, initial results and missing FRBs
Authors:
S. -B. Zhang,
G. Hobbs,
C. J. Russell,
L. Toomey,
S. Dai,
J. Dempsey,
R. N. Manchester,
S. Johnston,
L. Staveley-Smith,
X. -F. Wu,
D. Li,
Y. -Y. Yang,
S. -Q. Wang,
H. Qiu,
R. Luo,
C. Wang,
C. Zhang,
L. Zhang,
R. Mandow
Abstract:
A large number of observations from the Parkes 64\,m-diameter radio telescope, recorded with high time resolution, are publicly available. We have re-processed all of the observations obtained during the first four years (from 1997 to 2001) of the Parkes Multibeam receiver system in order to identify transient events and have built a database that records the 568,736,756 pulse candidates generated…
▽ More
A large number of observations from the Parkes 64\,m-diameter radio telescope, recorded with high time resolution, are publicly available. We have re-processed all of the observations obtained during the first four years (from 1997 to 2001) of the Parkes Multibeam receiver system in order to identify transient events and have built a database that records the 568,736,756 pulse candidates generated during this search. We have discovered a new fast radio burst (FRB), FRB~010305, with a dispersion measure of 350$\pm$5\,\,cm$^{-3}\,$pc and explored why so few FRBs have been discovered in data prior to 2001. After accounting for the dispersion smearing across the channel bandwidth and the sky regions surveyed, the number of FRBs is found to be consistent with model predictions. We also present five single pulse candidates from unknown sources, but with Galactic dispersion measures. We extract a diverse range of sources from the database, which can be used, for example, as a training set of data for new software being developed to search for FRBs in the presence of radio frequency interference.
△ Less
Submitted 3 April, 2020;
originally announced April 2020.
-
Beam energy dependence of net-$Λ$ fluctuations measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
J. K. Adkins,
G. Agakishiev,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
I. Alekseev,
D. M. Anderson,
A. Aparin,
E. C. Aschenauer,
M. U. Ashraf,
F. G. Atetalla,
A. Attri,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
K. Barish,
A. Behera,
R. Bellwied,
A. Bhasin,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
L. C. Bland,
I. G. Bordyuzhin
, et al. (334 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The measurements of particle multiplicity distributions have generated considerable interest in understanding the fluctuations of conserved quantum numbers in the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) hadronization regime, in particular near a possible critical point and near the chemical freeze-out. We report the measurement of efficiency and centrality bin width corrected cumulant ratios ($C_{2}/C_{1}$,…
▽ More
The measurements of particle multiplicity distributions have generated considerable interest in understanding the fluctuations of conserved quantum numbers in the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) hadronization regime, in particular near a possible critical point and near the chemical freeze-out. We report the measurement of efficiency and centrality bin width corrected cumulant ratios ($C_{2}/C_{1}$, $C_{3}/C_{2}$) of net-$Λ$ distributions, in the context of both strangeness and baryon number conservation, as a function of collision energy, centrality and rapidity. The results are for Au + Au collisions at five beam energies ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4 and 200 GeV) recorded with the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR). We compare our results to the Poisson and negative binomial (NBD) expectations, as well as to Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) and Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model predictions. Both NBD and Poisson baselines agree with data within the statistical and systematic uncertainties. The ratios of the measured cumulants show no features of critical fluctuations. The chemical freeze-out temperatures extracted from a recent HRG calculation, which was successfully used to describe the net-proton, net-kaon and net-charge data, indicate $Λ$ freeze-out conditions similar to those of kaons. However, large deviations are found when comparing to temperatures obtained from net-proton fluctuations. The net-$Λ$ cumulants show a weak, but finite, dependence on the rapidity coverage in the acceptance of the detector, which can be attributed to quantum number conservation.
△ Less
Submitted 17 January, 2020;
originally announced January 2020.
-
Non-monotonic energy dependence of net-proton number fluctuations
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
J. K. Adkins,
G. Agakishiev,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
I. Alekseev,
D. M. Anderson,
A. Aparin,
E. C. Aschenauer,
M. U. Ashraf,
F. G. Atetalla,
A. Attri,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
K. Barish,
A. Behera,
R. Bellwied,
A. Bhasin,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
L. C. Bland,
I. G. Bordyuzhin
, et al. (334 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Non-monotonic variation with collision energy ($\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$) of the moments of the net-baryon number distribution in heavy-ion collisions, related to the correlation length and the susceptibilities of the system, is suggested as a signature for the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) critical point. We report the first evidence of a non-monotonic variation in kurtosis times variance of the net-pro…
▽ More
Non-monotonic variation with collision energy ($\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$) of the moments of the net-baryon number distribution in heavy-ion collisions, related to the correlation length and the susceptibilities of the system, is suggested as a signature for the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) critical point. We report the first evidence of a non-monotonic variation in kurtosis times variance of the net-proton number (proxy for net-baryon number) distribution as a function of \rootsnn with 3.1$σ$ significance, for head-on (central) gold-on-gold (Au+Au) collisions measured using the STAR detector at RHIC. Data in non-central Au+Au collisions and models of heavy-ion collisions without a critical point show a monotonic variation as a function of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$.
△ Less
Submitted 12 October, 2021; v1 submitted 9 January, 2020;
originally announced January 2020.
-
Constraining the Spin-Dependent WIMP-Nucleon Cross Sections with XENON1T
Authors:
E. Aprile,
J. Aalbers,
F. Agostini,
M. Alfonsi,
L. Althueser,
F. D. Amaro,
M. Anthony,
V. C. Antochi,
F. Arneodo,
L. Baudis,
B. Bauermeister,
M. L. Benabderrahmane,
T. Berger,
P. A. Breur,
A. Brown,
A. Brown,
E. Brown,
S. Bruenner,
G. Bruno,
R. Budnik,
C. Capelli,
J. M. R. Cardoso,
D. Cichon,
D. Coderre,
A. P. Colijn
, et al. (105 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report the first experimental results on spin-dependent elastic weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) nucleon scattering from the XENON1T dark matter search experiment. The analysis uses the full ton year exposure of XENON1T to constrain the spin-dependent proton-only and neutron-only cases. No significant signal excess is observed, and a profile likelihood ratio analysis is used to set ex…
▽ More
We report the first experimental results on spin-dependent elastic weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) nucleon scattering from the XENON1T dark matter search experiment. The analysis uses the full ton year exposure of XENON1T to constrain the spin-dependent proton-only and neutron-only cases. No significant signal excess is observed, and a profile likelihood ratio analysis is used to set exclusion limits on the WIMP-nucleon interactions. This includes the most stringent constraint to date on the WIMP-neutron cross section, with a minimum of $6.3\times10^{-42}$ cm$^2$ at 30 GeV/c${}^2$ and 90% confidence level. The results are compared with those from collider searches and used to exclude new parameter space in an isoscalar theory with an axial-vector mediator.
△ Less
Submitted 30 April, 2019; v1 submitted 8 February, 2019;
originally announced February 2019.
-
First results on the scalar WIMP-pion coupling, using the XENON1T experiment
Authors:
E. Aprile,
J. Aalbers,
F. Agostini,
M. Alfonsi,
L. Althueser,
F. D. Amaro,
M. Anthony,
V. C. Antochi,
F. Arneodo,
L. Baudis,
B. Bauermeister,
M. L. Benabderrahmane,
T. Berger,
P. A. Breur,
A. Brown,
A. Brown,
E. Brown,
S. Bruenner,
G. Bruno,
R. Budnik,
C. Capelli,
J. M. R. Cardoso,
D. Cichon,
D. Coderre,
A. P. Colijn
, et al. (107 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present first results on the scalar WIMP-pion coupling from 1 t$\times$yr of exposure with the XENON1T experiment. This interaction is generated when the WIMP couples to a virtual pion exchanged between the nucleons in a nucleus. In contrast to most non-relativistic operators, these pion-exchange currents can be coherently enhanced by the total number of nucleons, and therefore may dominate in…
▽ More
We present first results on the scalar WIMP-pion coupling from 1 t$\times$yr of exposure with the XENON1T experiment. This interaction is generated when the WIMP couples to a virtual pion exchanged between the nucleons in a nucleus. In contrast to most non-relativistic operators, these pion-exchange currents can be coherently enhanced by the total number of nucleons, and therefore may dominate in scenarios where spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions are suppressed. Moreover, for natural values of the couplings, they dominate over the spin-dependent channel due to their coherence in the nucleus. Using the signal model of this new WIMP-pion channel, no significant excess is found, leading to an upper limit cross section of $6.4\times10^{-46}$ cm$^2$ (90 % confidence level) at 30 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass.
△ Less
Submitted 22 February, 2019; v1 submitted 29 November, 2018;
originally announced November 2018.
-
Dark Matter Search Results from a One Tonne$\times$Year Exposure of XENON1T
Authors:
E. Aprile,
J. Aalbers,
F. Agostini,
M. Alfonsi,
L. Althueser,
F. D. Amaro,
M. Anthony,
F. Arneodo,
L. Baudis,
B. Bauermeister,
M. L. Benabderrahmane,
T. Berger,
P. A. Breur,
A. Brown,
A. Brown,
E. Brown,
S. Bruenner,
G. Bruno,
R. Budnik,
C. Capelli,
J. M. R. Cardoso,
D. Cichon,
D. Coderre,
A. P. Colijn,
J. Conrad
, et al. (95 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report on a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) using 278.8 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment at LNGS. XENON1T utilizes a liquid xenon time projection chamber with a fiducial mass of $(1.30 \pm 0.01)$ t, resulting in a 1.0 t$\times$yr exposure. The energy region of interest, [1.4, 10.6] $\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$ ([4.9, 40.9] $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$), exhibits an ultra…
▽ More
We report on a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) using 278.8 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment at LNGS. XENON1T utilizes a liquid xenon time projection chamber with a fiducial mass of $(1.30 \pm 0.01)$ t, resulting in a 1.0 t$\times$yr exposure. The energy region of interest, [1.4, 10.6] $\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$ ([4.9, 40.9] $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$), exhibits an ultra-low electron recoil background rate of $(82\substack{+5 \\ -3}\textrm{ (sys)}\pm3\textrm{ (stat)})$ events/$(\mathrm{t}\times\mathrm{yr}\times\mathrm{keV_{ee}})$. No significant excess over background is found and a profile likelihood analysis parameterized in spatial and energy dimensions excludes new parameter space for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent elastic scatter cross-section for WIMP masses above 6 GeV/c${}^2$, with a minimum of $4.1\times10^{-47}$ cm$^2$ at 30 GeV/c${}^2$ and 90% confidence level.
△ Less
Submitted 13 September, 2018; v1 submitted 31 May, 2018;
originally announced May 2018.
-
Evidence for M-theory based on fractal nearly tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing
Authors:
Hui-Bin Qiu
Abstract:
Developing a theory that can describe everything in the universe is of great interest, and is closely relevant to M-theory, neutrino oscillation and charge-parity (CP) violation. Although M-theory is claimed as a grand unified theory, it has not been tested by any direct experiment. Here we show that existing neutrino oscillation experimental data supports one kind of high dimensional unified theo…
▽ More
Developing a theory that can describe everything in the universe is of great interest, and is closely relevant to M-theory, neutrino oscillation and charge-parity (CP) violation. Although M-theory is claimed as a grand unified theory, it has not been tested by any direct experiment. Here we show that existing neutrino oscillation experimental data supports one kind of high dimensional unified theory, such as M-theory. We propose a generalization of the tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing ansatz, and we find that the latest neutrino oscillation experimental data constraints dimension in a range between 10.46 and 12.93 containing 11, which is an important prediction of M-theory. This ansatz naturally incorporates the fractal feature of the universe and leptonic CP violation into the resultant scenario of \textit{fractal} nearly tri-bimaximal flavor mixing. We also analyze the consequences of this new ansatze on the latest experimental data of neutrino oscillations, and this theory matches the experimental data. Furthermore, an approach to construct lepton mass matrices in fractal universe under permutation symmetry is discussed. The proposed theory opens an unexpected window on the physics beyond the Standard Model.
△ Less
Submitted 18 December, 2017;
originally announced December 2017.
-
Results from the Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (SuperCDMS) experiment at Soudan
Authors:
SuperCDMS Collaboration,
R. Agnese,
T. Aramaki,
I. J. Arnquist,
W. Baker,
D. Balakishiyeva,
S. Banik,
D. Barker,
R. Basu Thakur,
D. A. Bauer,
T. Binder,
M. A. Bowles,
P. L. Brink,
R. Bunker,
B. Cabrera,
D. O. Caldwell,
R. Calkins,
C. Cartaro,
D. G. Cerdeño,
Y. Chang,
Y. Chen,
J. Cooley,
B. Cornell,
P. Cushman,
M. Daal
, et al. (79 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report the result of a blinded search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) using the majority of the SuperCDMS Soudan dataset. With an exposure of 1690 kg days, a single candidate event is observed, consistent with expected backgrounds. This analysis (combined with previous Ge results) sets an upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP--nucleon cross section of $1.4 \times 10^{-44}$ (…
▽ More
We report the result of a blinded search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) using the majority of the SuperCDMS Soudan dataset. With an exposure of 1690 kg days, a single candidate event is observed, consistent with expected backgrounds. This analysis (combined with previous Ge results) sets an upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP--nucleon cross section of $1.4 \times 10^{-44}$ ($1.0 \times 10^{-44}$) cm$^2$ at 46 GeV/$c^2$. These results set the strongest limits for WIMP--germanium-nucleus interactions for masses $>$12 GeV/$c^2$.
△ Less
Submitted 29 August, 2017;
originally announced August 2017.
-
Measurement of elliptic flow of light nuclei at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200, 62.4, 39, 27, 19.6, 11.5, and 7.7 GeV at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
L. Adamczyk,
J. K. Adkins,
G. Agakishiev,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
I. Alekseev,
A. Aparin,
D. Arkhipkin,
E. C. Aschenauer,
M. U. Ashraf,
A. Attri,
G. S. Averichev,
X. Bai,
V. Bairathi,
R. Bellwied,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
P. Bhattarai,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
L. C. Bland,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. Bouchet,
J. D. Brandenburg
, et al. (315 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present measurements of 2$^{nd}$ order azimuthal anisotropy ($v_{2}$) at mid-rapidity $(|y|<1.0)$ for light nuclei d, t, $^{3}$He (for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200, 62.4, 39, 27, 19.6, 11.5, and 7.7 GeV) and anti-nuclei $\bar{\rm d}$ ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200, 62.4, 39, 27, and 19.6 GeV) and $^{3}\bar{\rm He}$ ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV) in the STAR (Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC) experiment. The $v_{2}$ fo…
▽ More
We present measurements of 2$^{nd}$ order azimuthal anisotropy ($v_{2}$) at mid-rapidity $(|y|<1.0)$ for light nuclei d, t, $^{3}$He (for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200, 62.4, 39, 27, 19.6, 11.5, and 7.7 GeV) and anti-nuclei $\bar{\rm d}$ ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200, 62.4, 39, 27, and 19.6 GeV) and $^{3}\bar{\rm He}$ ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV) in the STAR (Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC) experiment. The $v_{2}$ for these light nuclei produced in heavy-ion collisions is compared with those for p and $\bar{\rm p}$. We observe mass ordering in nuclei $v_{2}(p_{T})$ at low transverse momenta ($p_{T}<2.0$ GeV/$c$). We also find a centrality dependence of $v_{2}$ for d and $\bar{\rm d}$. The magnitude of $v_{2}$ for t and $^{3}$He agree within statistical errors. Light-nuclei $v_{2}$ are compared with predictions from a blast wave model. Atomic mass number ($A$) scaling of light-nuclei $v_{2}(p_{T})$ seems to hold for $p_{T}/A < 1.5$ GeV/$c$. Results on light-nuclei $v_{2}$ from a transport-plus-coalescence model are consistent with the experimental measurements.
△ Less
Submitted 26 January, 2016;
originally announced January 2016.
-
Centrality and transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow of multi-strange hadrons and $φ$ meson in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
L. Adamczyk,
J. K. Adkins,
G. Agakishiev,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
I. Alekseev,
A. Aparin,
D. Arkhipkin,
E. C. Aschenauer,
G. S. Averichev,
X. Bai,
V. Bairathi,
A. Banerjee,
R. Bellwied,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
P. Bhattarai,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
L. C. Bland,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. Bouchet,
A. V. Brandin,
I. Bunzarov
, et al. (311 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present high precision measurements of elliptic flow near midrapidity ($|y|<1.0$) for multi-strange hadrons and $φ$ meson as a function of centrality and transverse momentum in Au+Au collisions at center of mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 200 GeV. We observe that the transverse momentum dependence of $φ$ and $Ω$ $v_{2}$ is similar to that of $π$ and $p$, respectively, which may indicate that the h…
▽ More
We present high precision measurements of elliptic flow near midrapidity ($|y|<1.0$) for multi-strange hadrons and $φ$ meson as a function of centrality and transverse momentum in Au+Au collisions at center of mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 200 GeV. We observe that the transverse momentum dependence of $φ$ and $Ω$ $v_{2}$ is similar to that of $π$ and $p$, respectively, which may indicate that the heavier strange quark flows as strongly as the lighter up and down quarks. This observation constitutes a clear piece of evidence for the development of partonic collectivity in heavy-ion collisions at the top RHIC energy. Number of constituent quark scaling is found to hold within statistical uncertainty for both 0-30$\%$ and 30-80$\%$ collision centrality. There is an indication of the breakdown of previously observed mass ordering between $φ$ and proton $v_{2}$ at low transverse momentum in the 0-30$\%$ centrality range, possibly indicating late hadronic interactions affecting the proton $v_{2}$.
△ Less
Submitted 13 January, 2016; v1 submitted 19 July, 2015;
originally announced July 2015.
-
Dark matter effective field theory scattering in direct detection experiments
Authors:
K. Schneck,
B. Cabrera,
D. G. Cerdeno,
V. Mandic,
H. E. Rogers,
R. Agnese,
A. J. Anderson,
M. Asai,
D. Balakishiyeva,
D. Barker,
R. Basu Thakur,
D. A. Bauer,
J. Billard,
A. Borgland,
D. Brandt,
P. L. Brink,
R. Bunker,
D. O. Caldwell,
R. Calkins,
H. Chagani,
Y. Chen,
J. Cooley,
B. Cornell,
C. H. Crewdson,
P. Cushman
, et al. (62 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We examine the consequences of the effective field theory (EFT) of dark matter-nucleon scattering for current and proposed direct detection experiments. Exclusion limits on EFT coupling constants computed using the optimum interval method are presented for SuperCDMS Soudan, CDMS II, and LUX, and the necessity of combining results from multiple experiments in order to determine dark matter paramete…
▽ More
We examine the consequences of the effective field theory (EFT) of dark matter-nucleon scattering for current and proposed direct detection experiments. Exclusion limits on EFT coupling constants computed using the optimum interval method are presented for SuperCDMS Soudan, CDMS II, and LUX, and the necessity of combining results from multiple experiments in order to determine dark matter parameters is discussed. We demonstrate that spectral differences between the standard dark matter model and a general EFT interaction can produce a bias when calculating exclusion limits and when developing signal models for likelihood and machine learning techniques. We also discuss the implications of the EFT for the next-generation (G2) direct detection experiments and point out regions of complementarity in the EFT parameter space.
△ Less
Submitted 16 August, 2016; v1 submitted 11 March, 2015;
originally announced March 2015.
-
Energy Dependence of Moments of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
L. Adamczyk,
J. K. Adkins,
G. Agakishiev,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
I. Alekseev,
J. Alford,
C. D. Anson,
A. Aparin,
D. Arkhipkin,
E. C. Aschenauer,
G. S. Averichev,
J. Balewski,
A. Banerjee,
Z. Barnovska,
D. R. Beavis,
R. Bellwied,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
P. Bhattarai,
H. Bichsel,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
L. C. Bland
, et al. (333 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report the beam energy (\sqrt s_{NN} = 7.7 - 200 GeV) and collision centrality dependence of the mean (M), standard deviation (σ), skewness (S), and kurtosis (κ) of the net-proton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions. The measurements are carried out by the STAR experiment at midrapidity (|y| < 0.5) and within the transverse momentum range 0.4 < pT < 0.8 GeV/c in the first phase of th…
▽ More
We report the beam energy (\sqrt s_{NN} = 7.7 - 200 GeV) and collision centrality dependence of the mean (M), standard deviation (σ), skewness (S), and kurtosis (κ) of the net-proton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions. The measurements are carried out by the STAR experiment at midrapidity (|y| < 0.5) and within the transverse momentum range 0.4 < pT < 0.8 GeV/c in the first phase of the Beam Energy Scan program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These measurements are important for understanding the Quantum Chromodynamic (QCD) phase diagram. The products of the moments, Sσand κσ^{2}, are sensitive to the correlation length of the hot and dense medium created in the collisions and are related to the ratios of baryon number susceptibilities of corresponding orders. The products of moments are found to have values significantly below the Skellam expectation and close to expectations based on independent proton and anti-proton production. The measurements are compared to a transport model calculation to understand the effect of acceptance and baryon number conservation, and also to a hadron resonance gas model.
△ Less
Submitted 22 September, 2013;
originally announced September 2013.
-
Higher Moments of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
Authors:
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. V. Alakhverdyants,
I. Alekseev,
J. Alford,
B. D. Anderson,
D. Arkhipkin,
G. S. Averichev,
J. Balewski,
L. S. Barnby,
S. Baumgart,
D. R. Beavis,
R. Bellwied,
M. J. Betancourt,
R. R. Betts,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
H. Bichsel,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
B. Biritz,
L. C. Bland,
3 B. E. Bonner,
J. Bouchet,
E. Braidot
, et al. (359 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report the first measurements of the kurtosis (κ), skewness (S) and variance (σ^2) of net-proton multiplicity (N_p - N_pbar) distributions at midrapidity for Au+Au collisions at \sqrt(s_NN) = 19.6, 62.4, and 200 GeV corresponding to baryon chemical potentials (μ_B) between 200 - 20 MeV. Our measurements of the products κσ^2 and S σ, which can be related to theoretical calculations sensitive t…
▽ More
We report the first measurements of the kurtosis (κ), skewness (S) and variance (σ^2) of net-proton multiplicity (N_p - N_pbar) distributions at midrapidity for Au+Au collisions at \sqrt(s_NN) = 19.6, 62.4, and 200 GeV corresponding to baryon chemical potentials (μ_B) between 200 - 20 MeV. Our measurements of the products κσ^2 and S σ, which can be related to theoretical calculations sensitive to baryon number susceptibilities and long range correlations, are constant as functions of collision centrality. We compare these products with results from lattice QCD and various models without a critical point and study the \sqrt(s_NN) dependence of κσ^2. From the measurements at the three beam energies, we find no evidence for a critical point in the QCD phase diagram for μ_B below 200 MeV.
△ Less
Submitted 12 June, 2010; v1 submitted 28 April, 2010;
originally announced April 2010.