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Probing Late-Stage Hadronic Interactions at High Baryon Density via $K^{*0}$ Production in the RHIC Beam Energy Scan Program
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbayev,
I. Alekseev,
E. Alpatov,
A. K. Alshammri,
A. Aparin,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
X. Bao,
P. Barik,
K. Barish,
S. Behera,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. D. Brandenburg
, et al. (363 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
A precision measurement of the $K^{*0}$ meson yield is reported in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7,\; 11.5,\; 14.6,\; 19.6,$ and $27~\mathrm{GeV}$ using the high-statistics data sample collected by the STAR experiment during the Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II) program at RHIC. The transeverse momentum ($p_{T}$)-integrated yield ratios $(K^{*0} + \overline{K^{*0}})/(K^{+} + K^{-})$ in central…
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A precision measurement of the $K^{*0}$ meson yield is reported in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7,\; 11.5,\; 14.6,\; 19.6,$ and $27~\mathrm{GeV}$ using the high-statistics data sample collected by the STAR experiment during the Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II) program at RHIC. The transeverse momentum ($p_{T}$)-integrated yield ratios $(K^{*0} + \overline{K^{*0}})/(K^{+} + K^{-})$ in central collisions show a suppression relative to peripheral collisions at the $(1.7\text{-}3.6)\,σ$ level, while a thermal model without final-stage rescattering overpredicts this ratio with a deviation of $(6.9\text{-}8.2)\,σ$. These results indicate a loss of the measured $K^{*0}$ signal in central collisions due to re-scattering of its hadronic decay products in the hadronic phase. The $p_{T}$-integrated yield of charged kaons exhibits an approximate scaling with charged-particle multiplicity, independent of collision energy and system size. A similar trend is observed for the short-lived $K^{*0}$ resonance, although significant deviations emerge at lower energies. At BES energies, the $K^{*0}/K$ ratio shows stronger suppression than at the highest RHIC and LHC energies within a given multiplicity bin, particularly in central and mid-central collisions. This behavior is consistent with changes in the effective hadronic interaction cross section and is supported by transport model calculations, which indicate dominant meson-baryon interactions at lower energies and meson-meson interactions at higher energies.
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Submitted 28 April, 2026; v1 submitted 21 January, 2026;
originally announced January 2026.
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Identified charged hadron production in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 54.4 GeV with the STAR detector
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbayev,
I. Alekseev,
E. Alpatov,
A. K. Alshammri,
A. Aparin,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
X. Bao,
P. Barik,
K. Barish,
S. Behera,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. D. Brandenburg
, et al. (363 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present results on the production of $π^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$, and $\bar{p}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 54.4~GeV using the STAR detector at RHIC, at midrapidity ($|y| <$ 0.1). Invariant yields of these particles as a function of transverse momentum are shown. We determine bulk properties such as integrated particle yields ($dN/dy$), mean transverse momentum (…
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We present results on the production of $π^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$, and $\bar{p}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 54.4~GeV using the STAR detector at RHIC, at midrapidity ($|y| <$ 0.1). Invariant yields of these particles as a function of transverse momentum are shown. We determine bulk properties such as integrated particle yields ($dN/dy$), mean transverse momentum ($\langle p_{T} \rangle$), particle ratios, which provide insight into the particle production mechanisms. Additionally, the kinetic freezeout parameters ($T_\text{kin}$ and $\langle β_{T} \rangle$), which provide information about the dynamics of the system at the time of freezeout, are obtained. The Bjorken energy density ($ε_{\rm{BJ}}$), which gives an estimate of the energy density in the central rapidity region of the collision zone at the formation time $τ$, is calculated and presented as a function of multiplicity for various energies. The results are compared with those from the models such as A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) and Heavy Ion Jet INteraction Generator (HIJING) for further insights.
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Submitted 21 May, 2026; v1 submitted 6 December, 2025;
originally announced December 2025.
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Experimental study of the reaction $Ξ^{0}n\rightarrowΛΛX$ using $Ξ^{0}$-nucleus scattering
Authors:
BESIII Collaboration,
M. Ablikim,
M. N. Achasov,
P. Adlarson,
X. C. Ai,
R. Aliberti,
A. Amoroso,
Q. An,
Y. Bai,
O. Bakina,
Y. Ban,
H. -R. Bao,
V. Batozskaya,
K. Begzsuren,
N. Berger,
M. Berlowski,
M. Bertani,
D. Bettoni,
F. Bianchi,
E. Bianco,
A. Bortone,
I. Boyko,
R. A. Briere,
A. Brueggemann,
H. Cai
, et al. (707 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Using $(10087\pm44)\times10^{6}$$J/ψ$ events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring in $2009$, $2012$, $2018$, and $2019$, we perform a search for the reaction $Ξ^0n\rightarrowΛΛX$, where $X$ denotes any additional final particles. Given the highly suppressed phase space for producing extra pions, the $X$ consists of either nothing or a photon, corresponding to the…
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Using $(10087\pm44)\times10^{6}$$J/ψ$ events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring in $2009$, $2012$, $2018$, and $2019$, we perform a search for the reaction $Ξ^0n\rightarrowΛΛX$, where $X$ denotes any additional final particles. Given the highly suppressed phase space for producing extra pions, the $X$ consists of either nothing or a photon, corresponding to the processes $Ξ^0 n \rightarrow ΛΛ$ and $Ξ^{0}n\rightarrowΛΣ^0\rightarrowΛΛγ$. The $Ξ^0$ comes from the decay of $J/ψ\rightarrowΞ^0\barΞ^0$, while the neutron originates from material of the beam pipe. A signal is observed for the first time with a statistical significance of 6.4$σ$. The cross section for the reaction $Ξ^0+{^9\rm{Be}}\rightarrowΛ+Λ+X$ is measured to be $(43.6\pm10.5_{\text{stat}}\pm11.1_{\text{syst}})$ mb at $P_{Ξ^0}\approx0.818$ GeV/$c$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. No significant $H$-dibaryon signal is observed in the $ΛΛ$ final state.
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Submitted 26 February, 2026; v1 submitted 4 December, 2025;
originally announced December 2025.
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Observation of charmonium sequential suppression in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. K. Alshammri,
E. C. Aschenauer,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
X. Bao,
P. Barik,
K. Barish,
S. Behera,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
S. R. Bhosale,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
C. Broodo
, et al. (372 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report measurements of charmonium sequential suppression in Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}$ = 200 GeV with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The inclusive yield ratio of $ψ$(2S) to J/$ψ$ as a function of transverse momentum is reported, along with the centrality dependence of the double ratio, defined as the $ψ$(2S) to J/$ψ$ ratio in heav…
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We report measurements of charmonium sequential suppression in Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}$ = 200 GeV with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The inclusive yield ratio of $ψ$(2S) to J/$ψ$ as a function of transverse momentum is reported, along with the centrality dependence of the double ratio, defined as the $ψ$(2S) to J/$ψ$ ratio in heavy-ion collisions relative to that in $p$+$p$ collisions. In the 0-80% centrality class, the double ratio is found to be 0.41 $\pm$ 0.10 (stat) $\pm$ 0.03 (syst) $\pm$ 0.02 (ref), lower than unity with a significance of 5.6 standard deviations. This provides experimental evidence that $ψ$(2S) is significantly more suppressed than J/$ψ$ in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. This sequential suppression pattern seems to increase from peripheral to central collisions, but with no significant dependence on the transverse momentum.
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Submitted 9 March, 2026; v1 submitted 16 September, 2025;
originally announced September 2025.
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Measurement of transverse $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperon polarization in $p$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
A. A. Adefisoye,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis,
L. An
, et al. (1128 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The transverse polarization of $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperons is measured in $p$Pb collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of $5.02$ TeV. The polarization is averaged over hyperon transverse momentum in the ranges $0.15 < p_{T} < 6.00 $ GeV/$c$, and Feynman-$x$ in the ranges $0.005 < x_{F} < 0.040$ (forward region) and $-0.10 < x_{F} < -0.01$ (backward regi…
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The transverse polarization of $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperons is measured in $p$Pb collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of $5.02$ TeV. The polarization is averaged over hyperon transverse momentum in the ranges $0.15 < p_{T} < 6.00 $ GeV/$c$, and Feynman-$x$ in the ranges $0.005 < x_{F} < 0.040$ (forward region) and $-0.10 < x_{F} < -0.01$ (backward region) defined relative to the proton beam direction. The transverse polarization is found to be compatible with zero for both $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperons. The results are also measured as a function of $p_{T}$ and $x_{F}$ with no significant dependence on these variables observed. The results are compared with previous experimental measurements at different center-of-mass energies and collision environments.
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Submitted 5 January, 2026; v1 submitted 3 August, 2025;
originally announced August 2025.
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Measurement of $ψ(2S)$ to $J/ψ$ cross-section ratio as function of multiplicity in $p$Pb collisions at$\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 8.16$ TeV
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
A. A. Adefisoye,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis,
L. An
, et al. (1137 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The production ratio of $ψ(2S)$ to $J/ψ$ charmonium states is presented as a function of multiplicity in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV, for both prompt and nonprompt sources. The total luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment corresponds to 13.6 $pb^{-1}$ for $p$Pb collisions and 20.8 $pb^{-1}$ for Pb$p$ collisions, where the first particle indicat…
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The production ratio of $ψ(2S)$ to $J/ψ$ charmonium states is presented as a function of multiplicity in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV, for both prompt and nonprompt sources. The total luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment corresponds to 13.6 $pb^{-1}$ for $p$Pb collisions and 20.8 $pb^{-1}$ for Pb$p$ collisions, where the first particle indicates the forward direction of the detector. Measurements are performed in the dimuon final state at forward (backward) centre-of-mass rapidity $1.5<y^*<4.0$ ($-5.0<y^*<-2.5$) for $p$Pb (Pb$p$) collisions.A multiplicity dependence of the prompt production ratio is observed in $p$Pb collisions, whereas no dependence is found in nonprompt production, nor in either prompt or nonprompt production in Pb$p$ collisions. These results suggest that in the Pb-going direction additional suppression mechanisms beyond comover effects may be present, possibly related to the formation of quark-gluon plasma. This highlights a transition from small to large collision systems and provides important insight into the suppression of charmonia in proton-nucleus collisions.
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Submitted 17 February, 2026; v1 submitted 10 June, 2025;
originally announced June 2025.
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Coherent photoproduction of $ρ^0, ω$ and excited vector mesons in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
A. A. Adefisoye,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis,
L. An
, et al. (1127 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The invariant-mass distribution for the coherent photoproduction of dipions in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions is measured using data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $224.6 \pm 9.6 μ$b$^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment in 2018 at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV. In the mass range from 400 to 1200 MeV, the results are consistent with previou…
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The invariant-mass distribution for the coherent photoproduction of dipions in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions is measured using data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $224.6 \pm 9.6 μ$b$^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment in 2018 at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV. In the mass range from 400 to 1200 MeV, the results are consistent with previous experiments, with the spectrum dominated by the $ρ^0$ meson, which interferes with a nonresonant component, together with a smaller $ω$ meson contribution. In an extended mass range up to 2300 MeV, models previously used do not fit the data and a consistent description requires the introduction of two resonances at masses of $1350\pm20$ MeV and $1790\pm20$ MeV with widths of about 300 MeV. The cross-section for each meson is measured differentially in twelve bins of rapidity from 2.05 to 4.90. The $ρ^0$ cross-section increases with rapidity from about 400 to 600 mb and is measured with a typical precision of 8\%, while the cross-section times branching fraction for the $ω,ρ^\prime$ and $ρ^{\prime\prime}$, with the statistical precision of the data, do not have a pronounced rapidity dependence and are between 0.5 and 1.5 mb, with uncertainties up to 30\%. A large nuclear suppression is observed for the $ρ^0$ meson compared to expectations based on photoproduction on the proton that use the impulse approximation. Significant suppression is also observed compared to that predicted by elastic scattering described in the Glauber approach, or with the addition of inelastic scattering in a Gribov--Glauber model.
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Submitted 31 December, 2025; v1 submitted 6 June, 2025;
originally announced June 2025.
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The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model: an update
Authors:
R. Aliberti,
T. Aoyama,
E. Balzani,
A. Bashir,
G. Benton,
J. Bijnens,
V. Biloshytskyi,
T. Blum,
D. Boito,
M. Bruno,
E. Budassi,
S. Burri,
L. Cappiello,
C. M. Carloni Calame,
M. Cè,
V. Cirigliano,
D. A. Clarke,
G. Colangelo,
L. Cotrozzi,
M. Cottini,
I. Danilkin,
M. Davier,
M. Della Morte,
A. Denig,
C. DeTar
, et al. (210 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present the current Standard Model (SM) prediction for the muon anomalous magnetic moment, $a_μ$, updating the first White Paper (WP20) [1]. The pure QED and electroweak contributions have been further consolidated, while hadronic contributions continue to be responsible for the bulk of the uncertainty of the SM prediction. Significant progress has been achieved in the hadronic light-by-light s…
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We present the current Standard Model (SM) prediction for the muon anomalous magnetic moment, $a_μ$, updating the first White Paper (WP20) [1]. The pure QED and electroweak contributions have been further consolidated, while hadronic contributions continue to be responsible for the bulk of the uncertainty of the SM prediction. Significant progress has been achieved in the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution using both the data-driven dispersive approach as well as lattice-QCD calculations, leading to a reduction of the uncertainty by almost a factor of two. The most important development since WP20 is the change in the estimate of the leading-order hadronic-vacuum-polarization (LO HVP) contribution. A new measurement of the $e^+e^-\toπ^+π^-$ cross section by CMD-3 has increased the tensions among data-driven dispersive evaluations of the LO HVP contribution to a level that makes it impossible to combine the results in a meaningful way. At the same time, the attainable precision of lattice-QCD calculations has increased substantially and allows for a consolidated lattice-QCD average of the LO HVP contribution with a precision of about 0.9%. Adopting the latter in this update has resulted in a major upward shift of the total SM prediction, which now reads $a_μ^\text{SM} = 116\,592\,033(62)\times 10^{-11}$ (530 ppb). When compared against the current experimental average based on the E821 experiment and runs 1-6 of E989 at Fermilab, one finds $a_μ^\text{exp} - a_μ^\text{SM} =38(63)\times 10^{-11}$, which implies that there is no tension between the SM and experiment at the current level of precision. The final precision of E989 (127 ppb) is the target of future efforts by the Theory Initiative. The resolution of the tensions among data-driven dispersive evaluations of the LO HVP contribution will be a key element in this endeavor.
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Submitted 11 September, 2025; v1 submitted 27 May, 2025;
originally announced May 2025.
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First measurement of $Σ^{+}n\rightarrowΛp$ and $Σ^{+}n\rightarrowΣ^{0}p$ cross sections via $Σ^+$-nucleus scattering at an electron-positron collider
Authors:
BESIII Collaboration,
M. Ablikim,
M. N. Achasov,
P. Adlarson,
X. C. Ai,
R. Aliberti,
A. Amoroso,
Q. An,
Y. Bai,
O. Bakina,
Y. Ban,
H. -R. Bao,
V. Batozskaya,
K. Begzsuren,
N. Berger,
M. Berlowski,
M. Bertani,
D. Bettoni,
F. Bianchi,
E. Bianco,
A. Bortone,
I. Boyko,
R. A. Briere,
A. Brueggemann,
H. Cai
, et al. (680 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Using $(1.0087\pm0.0044)\times10^{10}$ $J/ψ$ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the reactions $Σ^{+}n\rightarrowΛp$ and $Σ^{+}n\rightarrowΣ^{0}p$ are studied, where the $Σ^{+}$ baryon is produced in the process $J/ψ\rightarrowΣ^{+}\barΣ^-$ and the neutron is a component of the $^9\rm{Be}$, $^{12}\rm{C}$ and $^{197}\rm{Au}$ nuclei in the beam pipe. Clear signals o…
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Using $(1.0087\pm0.0044)\times10^{10}$ $J/ψ$ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the reactions $Σ^{+}n\rightarrowΛp$ and $Σ^{+}n\rightarrowΣ^{0}p$ are studied, where the $Σ^{+}$ baryon is produced in the process $J/ψ\rightarrowΣ^{+}\barΣ^-$ and the neutron is a component of the $^9\rm{Be}$, $^{12}\rm{C}$ and $^{197}\rm{Au}$ nuclei in the beam pipe. Clear signals of these two reactions are observed for the first time. Their cross sections are measured to be $σ(Σ^{+}+{^9\rm{Be}}\rightarrowΛ+p+X)=(45.2\pm12.1_{\rm{stat}}\pm7.2_{\rm{sys}})$ mb and $σ(Σ^{+}+{^9\rm{Be}}\rightarrowΣ^{0}+p+X)=(29.8\pm9.7_{\rm{stat}}\pm6.9_{\rm{sys}})$ mb for a $Σ^{+}$ average momentum of $0.992$ GeV/$c$, within a range of $\pm0.015$ GeV/$c$, where $X$ represents the residual nucleus. This is the first study of $Σ^{+}$-nucleon scattering at an electron-positron collider.
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Submitted 24 March, 2026; v1 submitted 26 May, 2025;
originally announced May 2025.
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Rapidity and multiplicity dependence of charged-particle flow in $p$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 8.16$ TeV
Authors:
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
A. A. Adefisoye,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis,
L. An,
L. Anderlini
, et al. (1126 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The elliptic and triangular flow of charged particles are measured using two-particle angular correlations in $p$Pb collisions in the pseudorapidity range \cal{2.0 $< |η| <$ 4.8}. The data sample was collected by the LHCb experiment in 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 8.16$ TeV, containing in total approximately 1.5 billion collision events. Non-flow contributio…
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The elliptic and triangular flow of charged particles are measured using two-particle angular correlations in $p$Pb collisions in the pseudorapidity range \cal{2.0 $< |η| <$ 4.8}. The data sample was collected by the LHCb experiment in 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 8.16$ TeV, containing in total approximately 1.5 billion collision events. Non-flow contributions are obtained in low-multiplicity collisions and subtracted to extract the flow harmonics. The results are presented as a function of event multiplicity and hadron transverse momentum. Comparisons with a full (3+1)D dynamic model indicate that it overestimates the measured elliptic flow. A comparison between the forward and backward regions reveals no significant differences in flow parameters, suggesting that final-state effects may dominate over initial-state effects in the origin of flow in small systems.
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Submitted 30 October, 2025; v1 submitted 14 May, 2025;
originally announced May 2025.
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Onset of Constituent Quark Number Scaling in Heavy-Ion Collisions at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. K. Alshammri,
E. C. Aschenauer,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
X. Bao,
K. Barish,
S. Behera,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
S. R. Bhosale,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
C. Broodo,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (347 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Partonic collectivity is one of the necessary signatures for the formation of quark-gluon plasma in high-energy nuclear collisions. Number of constituent quarks (NCQ) scaling has been observed for hadron elliptic flow $v_2$ in top energy nuclear collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the LHC, and this has been theoretically suggested as strong evidence for partonic collectivity. In…
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Partonic collectivity is one of the necessary signatures for the formation of quark-gluon plasma in high-energy nuclear collisions. Number of constituent quarks (NCQ) scaling has been observed for hadron elliptic flow $v_2$ in top energy nuclear collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the LHC, and this has been theoretically suggested as strong evidence for partonic collectivity. In this Letter, a systematic analysis of $v_2$ of $π^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $K^{0}_{S}$, $p$, and $Λ$ in Au+Au collisions at ${\sqrt{s_{_{\rm{NN}}}}}$ = 3.2, 3.5, 3.9, and 4.5 GeV, with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, is presented. NCQ scaling is markedly violated at 3.2 GeV, consistent with a hadronic-interaction dominated equation of state. However, as the collision energy increases, a gradual evolution to NCQ scaling is observed. This beam-energy dependence of $v_2$ for all hadrons studied provides evidence for the onset of dominant partonic interactions by ${\sqrt{s_{_{\rm{NN}}}}}$ = 4.5 GeV.
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Submitted 11 August, 2025; v1 submitted 2 April, 2025;
originally announced April 2025.
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Measurement of Kaon Directed Flow in Au+Au Collisions in the High Baryon Density Region
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbayev,
I. Alekseev,
E. Alpatov,
A. K. Alshammri,
A. Aparin,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
X. Bao,
P. Barik,
K. Barish,
S. Behera,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. D. Brandenburg
, et al. (363 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Rapidity-odd directed flow $v_1$ measurements are presented for $K^{\pm}$ and $K^0_S$ in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}$ = 3.0, 3.2, 3.5, and 3.9 GeV with the STAR experiment. For comparison, $v_1$ of $π^{\pm}$, protons, and $Λ$ from the same collisions are also discussed. The mid-rapidity $v_1$ slope $\text{d}v_1/\text{d}y|_{y=0}$ for protons and $Λ$ is positive in these collisions.…
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Rapidity-odd directed flow $v_1$ measurements are presented for $K^{\pm}$ and $K^0_S$ in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}$ = 3.0, 3.2, 3.5, and 3.9 GeV with the STAR experiment. For comparison, $v_1$ of $π^{\pm}$, protons, and $Λ$ from the same collisions are also discussed. The mid-rapidity $v_1$ slope $\text{d}v_1/\text{d}y|_{y=0}$ for protons and $Λ$ is positive in these collisions. On the other hand, $v_1$ slope of kaons exhibits a strong $p_\text{T}$ dependence: negative at $p_\text{T} <$ 0.6 GeV/$c$ and positive at higher $p_\text{T}$. A similar $p_\text{T}$ dependence is also evident for the $v_1$ slope of charged pions. Compared to the spectator-removed calculations in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}} =$ 3.0-3.9 GeV, the JAM model demonstrates a pronounced shift of the $v_1$ slopes of mesons towards the negative direction. It suggests that the shadowing effect of the spectators plays an important role in the observed kaon anti-flow at low $p_\text{T}$ in the high baryon density region of non-central collisions.
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Submitted 31 May, 2026; v1 submitted 30 March, 2025;
originally announced March 2025.
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Measurement of the multiplicity dependence of $\mitΥ$ production ratios in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
A. A. Adefisoye,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
M. Alexander,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis
, et al. (1127 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The $\mitΥ(\mathrm{2}S)$ and $\mitΥ(\mathrm{3}S)$ production cross-sections are measured relative to that of the $\mitΥ(\mathrm{1}S)$ meson, as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $13$ TeV. The measurement uses data collected by the LHCb experiment in 2018 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 $\text{fb}^{-1}$. Both the…
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The $\mitΥ(\mathrm{2}S)$ and $\mitΥ(\mathrm{3}S)$ production cross-sections are measured relative to that of the $\mitΥ(\mathrm{1}S)$ meson, as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $13$ TeV. The measurement uses data collected by the LHCb experiment in 2018 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 $\text{fb}^{-1}$. Both the $\mitΥ(\mathrm{2}S)$-to-$\mitΥ(\mathrm{1}S)$ and $\mitΥ(\mathrm{3}S)$-to-$\mitΥ(\mathrm{1}S)$ cross-section ratios are found to decrease significantly as a function of event multiplicity, with the $\mitΥ(\mathrm{3}S)$-to-$\mitΥ(\mathrm{1}S)$ ratio showing a steeper decline towards high multiplicity. This hierarchy is qualitatively consistent with the comover model predictions, indicating that final-state interactions play an important role in bottomonia production in high-multiplicity events.
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Submitted 16 May, 2025; v1 submitted 21 January, 2025;
originally announced January 2025.
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Measurement of $φ(1020)$ meson production in fixed-target $\textit{p}$Ne collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 68.5 GeV
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
A. A. Adefisoye,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
M. Alexander,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis
, et al. (1127 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The first measurement of $φ(1020)$ meson production in fixed-target $p$Ne collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=68.5$ GeV is presented. The $φ(1020)$ mesons are reconstructed in their $K^{+}K^{-}$ decay in a data sample consisting of proton collisions on neon nuclei at rest, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $21.7 \pm 1.4$ nb$^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb detector at CERN. The $φ(1020)$ producti…
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The first measurement of $φ(1020)$ meson production in fixed-target $p$Ne collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=68.5$ GeV is presented. The $φ(1020)$ mesons are reconstructed in their $K^{+}K^{-}$ decay in a data sample consisting of proton collisions on neon nuclei at rest, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $21.7 \pm 1.4$ nb$^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb detector at CERN. The $φ(1020)$ production cross-section in the centre-of-mass rapidity range of $-1.8<y^*<0$ and transverse momentum range of $800<p_{T}<6500$ MeV/c is found to be $σ=182.7\pm2.7~\text{(stat.)}\pm14.1~\text{(syst)}~μ$b/nucleon. A double-differential measurement of the cross-section is also provided in four regions of rapidity and six regions of transverse momentum of the $φ(1020)$ meson and compared with the predictions from Pythia and EPOS4, which are found to underestimate the experimental values.
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Submitted 24 March, 2025; v1 submitted 14 November, 2024;
originally announced November 2024.
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Measurement of the $ψ(2S)$ to $J/ψ$ cross-section ratio as a function of centrality in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
A. A. Adefisoye,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
M. Alexander,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis
, et al. (1128 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The dissociation of quarkonium states with different binding energies produced in heavy-ion collisions is a powerful probe for investigating the formation and properties of the quark-gluon plasma. The ratio of production cross-sections of $ψ(2S)$ and $J/ψ$ mesons times the ratio of their branching fractions into the dimuon final state is measured as a function of centrality using data collected by…
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The dissociation of quarkonium states with different binding energies produced in heavy-ion collisions is a powerful probe for investigating the formation and properties of the quark-gluon plasma. The ratio of production cross-sections of $ψ(2S)$ and $J/ψ$ mesons times the ratio of their branching fractions into the dimuon final state is measured as a function of centrality using data collected by the LHCb detector in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV. The measured ratio shows no dependence on the collision centrality, and is compared to the latest theory predictions and to the recent measurements in literature.
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Submitted 13 November, 2025; v1 submitted 8 November, 2024;
originally announced November 2024.
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Observation of a rare beta decay of the charmed baryon with a Graph Neural Network
Authors:
BESIII Collaboration,
M. Ablikim,
M. N. Achasov,
P. Adlarson,
O. Afedulidis,
X. C. Ai,
R. Aliberti,
A. Amoroso,
Q. An,
Y. Bai,
O. Bakina,
I. Balossino,
Y. Ban,
H. -R. Bao,
V. Batozskaya,
K. Begzsuren,
N. Berger,
M. Berlowski,
M. Bertani,
D. Bettoni,
F. Bianchi,
E. Bianco,
A. Bortone,
I. Boyko,
R. A. Briere
, et al. (637 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The beta decay of the lightest charmed baryon $Λ_c^+$ provides unique insights into the fundamental mechanism of strong and electro-weak interactions, serving as a testbed for investigating non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics and constraining the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix parameters. This article presents the first observation of the Cabibbo-suppressed decay…
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The beta decay of the lightest charmed baryon $Λ_c^+$ provides unique insights into the fundamental mechanism of strong and electro-weak interactions, serving as a testbed for investigating non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics and constraining the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix parameters. This article presents the first observation of the Cabibbo-suppressed decay $Λ_c^+ \rightarrow n e^+ ν_{e}$, utilizing $4.5~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of electron-positron annihilation data collected with the BESIII detector. A novel Graph Neural Network based technique effectively separates signals from dominant backgrounds, notably $Λ_c^+ \rightarrow Λe^+ ν_{e}$, achieving a statistical significance exceeding $10σ$. The absolute branching fraction is measured to be $(3.57\pm0.34_{\mathrm{stat.}}\pm0.14_{\mathrm{syst.}})\times 10^{-3}$. For the first time, the CKM matrix element $\left|V_{cd}\right|$ is extracted via a charmed baryon decay as $0.208\pm0.011_{\rm exp.}\pm0.007_{\rm LQCD}\pm0.001_{τ_{Λ_c^+}}$. This work highlights a new approach to further understand fundamental interactions in the charmed baryon sector, and showcases the power of modern machine learning techniques in experimental high-energy physics.
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Submitted 15 January, 2025; v1 submitted 17 October, 2024;
originally announced October 2024.
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Correlations of event activity with hard and soft processes in $p$ + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 200 GeV at STAR
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
E. C. Aschenauer,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
S. R. Bhosale,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
C. Broodo,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (338 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
With the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativisic Heavy Ion Collider, we characterize $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 200 GeV p+Au collisions by event activity (EA) measured within the pseudorapidity range $eta$ $in$ [-5, -3.4] in the Au-going direction and report correlations between this EA and hard- and soft- scale particle production at midrapidity ($η$ $\in$ [-1, 1]). At the soft scale, charged partic…
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With the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativisic Heavy Ion Collider, we characterize $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 200 GeV p+Au collisions by event activity (EA) measured within the pseudorapidity range $eta$ $in$ [-5, -3.4] in the Au-going direction and report correlations between this EA and hard- and soft- scale particle production at midrapidity ($η$ $\in$ [-1, 1]). At the soft scale, charged particle production in low-EA p+Au collisions is comparable to that in p+p collisions and increases monotonically with increasing EA. At the hard scale, we report measurements of high transverse momentum (pT) jets in events of different EAs. In contrast with the soft particle production, high-pT particle production and EA are found to be inversely related. To investigate whether this is a signal of jet quenching in high-EA events, we also report ratios of pT imbalance and azimuthal separation of dijets in high- and low-EA events. Within our measurement precision, no significant differences are observed, disfavoring the presence of jet quenching in the highest 30% EA p+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.
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Submitted 21 October, 2024; v1 submitted 12 April, 2024;
originally announced April 2024.
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Modification of $χ_{c1}$(3872) and $ψ$(2$S$) production in $p$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 8.16$ TeV
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
M. Alexander,
A. Alfonso Albero,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis
, et al. (1082 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The LHCb collaboration measures production of the exotic hadron $χ_{c1}$(3872) in proton-nucleus collisions for the first time. Comparison with the charmonium state $ψ$(2$S$) suggests that the exotic $χ_{c1}$(3872) experiences different dynamics in the nuclear medium than conventional hadrons, and comparison with data from proton-proton collisions indicates that the presence of the nucleus may mod…
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The LHCb collaboration measures production of the exotic hadron $χ_{c1}$(3872) in proton-nucleus collisions for the first time. Comparison with the charmonium state $ψ$(2$S$) suggests that the exotic $χ_{c1}$(3872) experiences different dynamics in the nuclear medium than conventional hadrons, and comparison with data from proton-proton collisions indicates that the presence of the nucleus may modify $χ_{c1}$(3872) production rates. This is the first measurement of the nuclear modification factor of an exotic hadron.
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Submitted 19 June, 2024; v1 submitted 22 February, 2024;
originally announced February 2024.
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Prompt and nonprompt $ψ(2S)$ production in $p$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
H. Afsharnia,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
M. Alexander,
A. Alfonso Albero,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey
, et al. (1079 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The production of $ψ(2S)$ mesons in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV is studied with the LHCb detector using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 nb$^{-1}$. The prompt and nonprompt $ψ(2S)$ production cross-sections and the ratio of the $ψ(2S)$ to $J/ψ$ cross-section are measured as a function of the meson transverse mom…
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The production of $ψ(2S)$ mesons in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV is studied with the LHCb detector using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 nb$^{-1}$. The prompt and nonprompt $ψ(2S)$ production cross-sections and the ratio of the $ψ(2S)$ to $J/ψ$ cross-section are measured as a function of the meson transverse momentum and rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass frame, together with forward-to-backward ratios and nuclear modification factors. The production of prompt $ψ(2S)$ is observed to be more suppressed compared to $pp$ collisions than the prompt $J/ψ$ production, while the nonprompt productions have similar suppression factors.
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Submitted 22 April, 2024; v1 submitted 20 January, 2024;
originally announced January 2024.
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First study of antihyperon-nucleon scattering $\barΛp\rightarrow\barΛp$ and measurement of $Λp\rightarrowΛp$ cross section
Authors:
BESIII Collaboration,
M. Ablikim,
M. N. Achasov,
P. Adlarson,
O. Afedulidis,
X. C. Ai,
R. Aliberti,
A. Amoroso,
Q. An,
Y. Bai,
O. Bakina,
I. Balossino,
Y. Ban,
H. -R. Bao,
V. Batozskaya,
K. Begzsuren,
N. Berger,
M. Berlowski,
M. Bertani,
D. Bettoni,
F. Bianchi,
E. Bianco,
A. Bortone,
I. Boyko,
R. A. Briere
, et al. (634 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Using $(10.087\pm0.044)\times10^{9}$ $J/ψ$ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the processes $Λp\rightarrowΛp$ and $\barΛp\rightarrow\barΛp$ are studied, where the $Λ/\barΛ$ baryons are produced in the process $J/ψ\rightarrowΛ\barΛ$ and the protons are the hydrogen nuclei in the cooling oil of the beam pipe. Clear signals are observed for the two reactions. The cr…
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Using $(10.087\pm0.044)\times10^{9}$ $J/ψ$ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the processes $Λp\rightarrowΛp$ and $\barΛp\rightarrow\barΛp$ are studied, where the $Λ/\barΛ$ baryons are produced in the process $J/ψ\rightarrowΛ\barΛ$ and the protons are the hydrogen nuclei in the cooling oil of the beam pipe. Clear signals are observed for the two reactions. The cross sections in $-0.9\leq\rm{cos}θ_{Λ/\barΛ}\leq0.9$ are measured to be $σ(Λp\rightarrowΛp)=(12.2\pm1.6_{\rm{stat}}\pm1.1_{\rm{sys}})$ mb and $σ(\barΛ p\rightarrow\barΛ p)=(17.5\pm2.1_{\rm{stat}}\pm1.6_{\rm{sys}})$ mb at the $Λ/\barΛ$ momentum of $1.074$ GeV/$c$ within a range of $\pm0.017$ GeV/$c$, where the $θ_{Λ/\barΛ}$ are the scattering angles of the $Λ/\barΛ$ in the $Λp/\barΛp$ rest frames. Furthermore, the differential cross sections of the two reactions are also measured, where there is a slight tendency of forward scattering for $Λp\rightarrowΛp$, and a strong forward peak for $\barΛp\rightarrow\barΛp$. We present an approach to extract the total elastic cross sections by extrapolation. The study of $\barΛp\rightarrow\barΛp$ represents the first study of antihyperon-nucleon scattering, and these new measurements will serve as important inputs for the theoretical understanding of the (anti)hyperon-nucleon interaction.
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Submitted 18 May, 2024; v1 submitted 17 January, 2024;
originally announced January 2024.
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Measurement of flow coefficients in high-multiplicity $p$+Au, $d$+Au and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$=200 GeV
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
E. C. Aschenauer,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
S. R. Bhosale,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
C. Broodo,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (343 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Flow coefficients ($v_2$ and $v_3$) are measured in high-multiplicity $p$+Au, $d$+Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 200 GeV using the STAR detector. The measurements utilize two-particle correlations with a pseudorapidity requirement of $|η| <$ 0.9 and a pair gap of $|Δη|>1.0$. The primary focus is on analysis methods, particularly the sub…
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Flow coefficients ($v_2$ and $v_3$) are measured in high-multiplicity $p$+Au, $d$+Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 200 GeV using the STAR detector. The measurements utilize two-particle correlations with a pseudorapidity requirement of $|η| <$ 0.9 and a pair gap of $|Δη|>1.0$. The primary focus is on analysis methods, particularly the subtraction of non-flow contributions. Four established non-flow subtraction methods are applied to determine $v_n$, validated using the HIJING event generator. $v_n$ values are compared across the three collision systems at similar multiplicities; this comparison cancels the final state effects and isolates the impact of initial geometry. While $v_2$ values show differences among these collision systems, $v_3$ values are largely similar, consistent with expectations of subnucleon fluctuations in the initial geometry. The ordering of $v_n$ differs quantitatively from previous measurements using two-particle correlations with a larger rapidity gap, which, according to model calculations, can be partially attributed to the effects of longitudinal flow decorrelations. The prospects for future measurements to improve our understanding of flow decorrelation and subnucleonic fluctuations are also discussed.
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Submitted 6 November, 2024; v1 submitted 12 December, 2023;
originally announced December 2023.
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Production of Protons and Light Nuclei in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 3 GeV with the STAR Detector
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
E. C. Aschenauer,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
S. R. Bhosale,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
C. Broodo,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (342 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report the systematic measurement of protons and light nuclei production in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 3 GeV by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) spectra of protons ($p$), deuterons ($d$), tritons ($t$), $^{3}\mathrm{He}$, and $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ are measured from mid-rapidity to target rapidity for different c…
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We report the systematic measurement of protons and light nuclei production in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 3 GeV by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) spectra of protons ($p$), deuterons ($d$), tritons ($t$), $^{3}\mathrm{He}$, and $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ are measured from mid-rapidity to target rapidity for different collision centralities. We present the rapidity and centrality dependence of particle yields ($dN/dy$), average transverse momentum ($\langle p_{T}\rangle$), yield ratios ($d/p$, $t/p$,$^{3}\mathrm{He}/p$, $^{4}\mathrm{He}/p$), as well as the coalescence parameters ($B_2$, $B_3$). The 4$π$ yields for various particles are determined by utilizing the measured rapidity distributions, $dN/dy$. Furthermore, we present the energy, centrality, and rapidity dependence of the compound yield ratios ($N_{p} \times N_{t} / N_{d}^{2}$) and compare them with various model calculations. The physics implications of those results on the production mechanism of light nuclei and on QCD phase structure are discussed.
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Submitted 23 October, 2024; v1 submitted 18 November, 2023;
originally announced November 2023.
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Measurement of forward charged hadron flow harmonics in peripheral PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV with the LHCb detector
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
M. Alexander,
A. Alfonso Albero,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis
, et al. (1079 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Flow harmonic coefficients, $v_n$, which are the key to studying the hydrodynamics of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in heavy-ion collisions, have been measured in various collision systems and kinematic regions and using various particle species. The study of flow harmonics in a wide pseudorapidity range is particularly valuable to understand the temperature dependence of the shear viscosit…
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Flow harmonic coefficients, $v_n$, which are the key to studying the hydrodynamics of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in heavy-ion collisions, have been measured in various collision systems and kinematic regions and using various particle species. The study of flow harmonics in a wide pseudorapidity range is particularly valuable to understand the temperature dependence of the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio of the QGP. This paper presents the first LHCb results of the second- and the third-order flow harmonic coefficients of charged hadrons as a function of transverse momentum in the forward region, corresponding to pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.9, using the data collected from PbPb collisions in 2018 at a center-of-mass energy of $5.02$ TeV. The coefficients measured using the two-particle angular correlation analysis method are smaller than the central-pseudorapidity measurements at ALICE and ATLAS from the same collision system but share similar features.
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Submitted 16 May, 2024; v1 submitted 16 November, 2023;
originally announced November 2023.
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Observation of strangeness enhancement with charmed mesons in high-multiplicity $p\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=8.16\,$TeV
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
H. Afsharnia,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
M. Alexander,
A. Alfonso Albero,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey
, et al. (1085 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The production of prompt $D^+_{s}$ and $D^+$ mesons is measured by the LHCb experiment in proton-lead ($p\mathrm{Pb}$) collisions in both the forward ($1.5<y^*<4.0$) and backward ($-5.0<y^*<-2.5$) rapidity regions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt {s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=8.16\,$TeV. The nuclear modification factors of both $D^+_{s}$ and $D^+$ mesons are determined as a function of tra…
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The production of prompt $D^+_{s}$ and $D^+$ mesons is measured by the LHCb experiment in proton-lead ($p\mathrm{Pb}$) collisions in both the forward ($1.5<y^*<4.0$) and backward ($-5.0<y^*<-2.5$) rapidity regions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt {s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=8.16\,$TeV. The nuclear modification factors of both $D^+_{s}$ and $D^+$ mesons are determined as a function of transverse momentum, $p_{\mathrm{T}}$, and rapidity. In addition, the $D^+_{s}$ to $D^+$ cross-section ratio is measured as a function of the charged particle multiplicity in the event. An enhanced $D^+_{s}$ to $D^+$ production in high-multiplicity events is observed for the whole measured $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ range, in particular at low $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ and backward rapidity, where the significance exceeds six standard deviations. This constitutes the first observation of strangeness enhancement in charm quark hadronization in high-multiplicity $p\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions. The results are also qualitatively consistent with the presence of quark coalescence as an additional charm quark hadronization mechanism in high-multiplicity proton-lead collisions.
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Submitted 4 September, 2024; v1 submitted 14 November, 2023;
originally announced November 2023.
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Fraction of $χ_c$ decays in prompt $J/ψ$ production measured in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
M. Alexander,
A. Alfonso Albero,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis
, et al. (1078 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The fraction of $χ_{c1}$ and $χ_{c2}$ decays in the prompt $J/ψ$ yield, $F_{χc}=σ_{χ_c \to J/ψ}/σ_{J/ψ}$, is measured by the LHCb detector in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV. The study covers the forward ($1.5<y^*<4.0$) and backward ($-5.0<y^*<-2.5$) rapidity regions, where $y^*$ is the $J/ψ$ rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass system. Forward and backward rapidity samples co…
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The fraction of $χ_{c1}$ and $χ_{c2}$ decays in the prompt $J/ψ$ yield, $F_{χc}=σ_{χ_c \to J/ψ}/σ_{J/ψ}$, is measured by the LHCb detector in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV. The study covers the forward ($1.5<y^*<4.0$) and backward ($-5.0<y^*<-2.5$) rapidity regions, where $y^*$ is the $J/ψ$ rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass system. Forward and backward rapidity samples correspond to integrated luminosities of 13.6 $\pm$ 0.3 nb$^{-1}$ and 20.8 $\pm$ 0.5 nb$^{-1}$, respectively. The result is presented as a function of the $J/ψ$ transverse momentum $p_{T,J/ψ}$ in the range 1$<p_{T, J/ψ}<20$ GeV/$c$. The $F_{χc}$ fraction at forward rapidity is compatible with the LHCb measurement performed in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV, whereas the result at backward rapidity is 2.4 $σ$ larger than in the forward region for $1<p_{T, J/ψ}<3$ GeV/$c$. The increase of $F_{χc}$ at low $p_{T, J/ψ}$ at backward rapidity is compatible with the suppression of the $ψ$(2S) contribution to the prompt $J/ψ$ yield. The lack of in-medium dissociation of $χ_c$ states observed in this study sets an upper limit of 180 MeV on the free energy available in these pPb collisions to dissociate or inhibit charmonium state formation.
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Submitted 2 November, 2023;
originally announced November 2023.
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Measurements of charged-particle multiplicity dependence of higher-order net-proton cumulants in $p$+$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 200 GeV from STAR at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
E. C. Aschenauer,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
S. R. Bhosale,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
C. Broodo,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (338 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report on the charged-particle multiplicity dependence of net-proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order from $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV $p$+$p$ collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured ratios $C_{4}/C_{2}$, $C_{5}/C_{1}$, and $C_{6}/C_{2}$ decrease with increased charged-particle multiplicity and rapidity acceptance. Neither the Skellam baselines nor PYTHIA8 calculations ac…
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We report on the charged-particle multiplicity dependence of net-proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order from $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV $p$+$p$ collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured ratios $C_{4}/C_{2}$, $C_{5}/C_{1}$, and $C_{6}/C_{2}$ decrease with increased charged-particle multiplicity and rapidity acceptance. Neither the Skellam baselines nor PYTHIA8 calculations account for the observed multiplicity dependence. In addition, the ratios $C_{5}/C_{1}$ and $C_{6}/C_{2}$ approach negative values in the highest-multiplicity events, which implies that thermalized QCD matter may be formed in $p$+$p$ collisions.
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Submitted 4 September, 2024; v1 submitted 1 November, 2023;
originally announced November 2023.
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Production of $η$ and $η'$ mesons in $pp$ and $p$Pb collisions
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
M. Alexander,
A. Alfonso Albero,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey,
Y. Amhis
, et al. (1080 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The production of $η$ and $η'$ mesons is studied in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions collected with the LHCb detector. Proton-proton collisions are studied at center-of-mass energies of $5.02$ and $13~{\rm TeV}$, and proton-lead collisions are studied at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon of $8.16~{\rm TeV}$. The studies are performed in center-of-mass rapidity regions…
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The production of $η$ and $η'$ mesons is studied in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions collected with the LHCb detector. Proton-proton collisions are studied at center-of-mass energies of $5.02$ and $13~{\rm TeV}$, and proton-lead collisions are studied at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon of $8.16~{\rm TeV}$. The studies are performed in center-of-mass rapidity regions $2.5<y_{\rm c.m.}<3.5$ (forward rapidity) and $-4.0<y_{\rm c.m.}<-3.0$ (backward rapidity) defined relative to the proton beam direction. The $η$ and $η'$ production cross sections are measured differentially as a function of transverse momentum for $1.5<p_{\rm T}<10~{\rm GeV}$ and $3<p_{\rm T}<10~{\rm GeV}$, respectively. The differential cross sections are used to calculate nuclear modification factors. The nuclear modification factors for $η$ and $η'$ mesons agree at both forward and backward rapidity, showing no significant evidence of mass dependence. The differential cross sections of $η$ mesons are also used to calculate $η/π^0$ cross section ratios, which show evidence of a deviation from the world average. These studies offer new constraints on mass-dependent nuclear effects in heavy-ion collisions, as well as $η$ and $η'$ meson fragmentation.
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Submitted 13 February, 2025; v1 submitted 26 October, 2023;
originally announced October 2023.
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Estimate of Background Baseline and Upper Limit on the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Isobar Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=200$ GeV at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
J. R. Adams,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbaev,
I. Alekseev,
E. Alpatov,
A. Aparin,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
S. R. Bhosale,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. D. Brandenburg
, et al. (333 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
For the search of the chiral magnetic effect (CME), STAR previously presented the results from isobar collisions (${^{96}_{44}\text{Ru}}+{^{96}_{44}\text{Ru}}$, ${^{96}_{40}\text{Zr}}+{^{96}_{40}\text{Zr}}$) obtained through a blind analysis. The ratio of results in Ru+Ru to Zr+Zr collisions for the CME-sensitive charge-dependent azimuthal correlator ($Δγ$), normalized by elliptic anisotropy (…
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For the search of the chiral magnetic effect (CME), STAR previously presented the results from isobar collisions (${^{96}_{44}\text{Ru}}+{^{96}_{44}\text{Ru}}$, ${^{96}_{40}\text{Zr}}+{^{96}_{40}\text{Zr}}$) obtained through a blind analysis. The ratio of results in Ru+Ru to Zr+Zr collisions for the CME-sensitive charge-dependent azimuthal correlator ($Δγ$), normalized by elliptic anisotropy ($v_{2}$), was observed to be close to but systematically larger than the inverse multiplicity ratio. The background baseline for the isobar ratio, $Y = \frac{(Δγ/v_{2})^{\text{Ru}}}{(Δγ/v_{2})^{\text{Zr}}}$, is naively expected to be $\frac{(1/N)^{\text{Ru}}}{(1/N)^{\text{Zr}}}$; however, genuine two- and three-particle correlations are expected to alter it. We estimate the contributions to $Y$ from those correlations, utilizing both the isobar data and HIJING simulations. After including those contributions, we arrive at a final background baseline for $Y$, which is consistent with the isobar data. We extract an upper limit for the CME fraction in the $Δγ$ measurement of approximately $10\%$ at a $95\%$ confidence level on in isobar collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}} = 200$ GeV, with an expected $15\%$ difference in their squared magnetic fields.
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Submitted 17 July, 2024; v1 submitted 19 October, 2023;
originally announced October 2023.
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Observation of the Antimatter Hypernucleus $^4_{\barΛ}\overline{\hbox{H}}$
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
E. C. Aschenauer,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
S. R. Bhosale,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
C. Broodo,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (342 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
At the origin of the Universe, asymmetry between the amount of created matter and antimatter led to the matter-dominated Universe as we know today. The origins of this asymmetry remain not completely understood yet. High-energy nuclear collisions create conditions similar to the Universe microseconds after the Big Bang, with comparable amounts of matter and antimatter. Much of the created antimatt…
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At the origin of the Universe, asymmetry between the amount of created matter and antimatter led to the matter-dominated Universe as we know today. The origins of this asymmetry remain not completely understood yet. High-energy nuclear collisions create conditions similar to the Universe microseconds after the Big Bang, with comparable amounts of matter and antimatter. Much of the created antimatter escapes the rapidly expanding fireball without annihilating, making such collisions an effective experimental tool to create heavy antimatter nuclear objects and study their properties, hoping to shed some light on existing questions on the asymmetry between matter and antimatter. Here we report the first observation of the antimatter hypernucleus \hbox{$^4_{\barΛ}\overline{\hbox{H}}$}, composed of a $\barΛ$ , an antiproton and two antineutrons. The discovery was made through its two-body decay after production in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. In total, 15.6 candidate \hbox{$^4_{\barΛ}\overline{\hbox{H}}$} antimatter hypernuclei are obtained with an estimated background count of 6.4. The lifetimes of the antihypernuclei \hbox{$^3_{\barΛ}\overline{\hbox{H}}$} and \hbox{$^4_{\barΛ}\overline{\hbox{H}}$} are measured and compared with the lifetimes of their corresponding hypernuclei, testing the symmetry between matter and antimatter. Various production yield ratios among (anti)hypernuclei and (anti)nuclei are also measured and compared with theoretical model predictions, shedding light on their production mechanisms.
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Submitted 8 June, 2024; v1 submitted 19 October, 2023;
originally announced October 2023.
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First measurement of $ΛN$ inelastic scattering with $Λ$ from $e^{+} e^{-} \rightarrow J/ψ\to Λ\barΛ$
Authors:
BESIII Collaboration,
M. Ablikim,
M. N. Achasov,
P. Adlarson,
O. Afedulidis,
X. C. Ai,
R. Aliberti,
A. Amoroso,
Q. An,
Y. Bai,
O. Bakina,
I. Balossino,
Y. Ban,
H. -R. Bao,
V. Batozskaya,
K. Begzsuren,
N. Berger,
M. Berlowski,
M. Bertani,
D. Bettoni,
F. Bianchi,
E. Bianco,
A. Bortone,
I. Boyko,
R. A. Briere
, et al. (626 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Using an $e^+ e^-$ collision data sample of $(10087 \pm 44)\times10^6 ~J/ψ$ events taken at the center-of-mass energy of $3.097~\rm{GeV}$ by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the process $Λ+N \rightarrow Σ^+ + X$ is studied for the first time employing a novel method. The $Σ^{+}$ hyperons are produced by the collisions of $Λ$ hyperons from $J/ψ$ decays with nuclei in the material of the…
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Using an $e^+ e^-$ collision data sample of $(10087 \pm 44)\times10^6 ~J/ψ$ events taken at the center-of-mass energy of $3.097~\rm{GeV}$ by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the process $Λ+N \rightarrow Σ^+ + X$ is studied for the first time employing a novel method. The $Σ^{+}$ hyperons are produced by the collisions of $Λ$ hyperons from $J/ψ$ decays with nuclei in the material of the BESIII detector. The total cross section of $Λ+ ^{9}{\rm Be} \rightarrow Σ^+ + X$ is measured to be $σ= (37.3 \pm 4.7 \pm 3.5)~{\rm mb}$ at $Λ$ beam momenta within $[1.057, 1.091]~{\rm GeV}/c$, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. This analysis is the first study of $Λ$-nucleon interactions at an $e^+ e^-$ collider, providing information and constraints relevant for the strong-interaction potential, the origin of color confinement, the unified model for baryon-baryon interactions, and the internal structure of neutron stars.
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Submitted 1 October, 2023;
originally announced October 2023.
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Results on Elastic Cross Sections in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 510$ GeV with the STAR Detector at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
E. C. Aschenauer,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
S. R. Bhosale,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
C. Broodo,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (343 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report results on an elastic cross section measurement in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=510$ GeV, obtained with the Roman Pot setup of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elastic differential cross section is measured in the four-momentum transfer squared range $0.23 \leq -t \leq 0.67$ GeV$^2$. We find that a constant slope $B$…
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We report results on an elastic cross section measurement in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=510$ GeV, obtained with the Roman Pot setup of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elastic differential cross section is measured in the four-momentum transfer squared range $0.23 \leq -t \leq 0.67$ GeV$^2$. We find that a constant slope $B$ does not fit the data in the aforementioned $t$ range, and we obtain a much better fit using a second-order polynomial for $B(t)$. The $t$ dependence of $B$ is determined using six subintervals of $t$ in the STAR measured $t$ range, and is in good agreement with the phenomenological models. The measured elastic differential cross section $\mathrm{d}σ/\mathrm{dt}$ agrees well with the results obtained at $\sqrt{s} = 546$ GeV for proton--antiproton collisions by the UA4 experiment. We also determine that the integrated elastic cross section within the STAR $t$-range is $σ^\mathrm{fid}_\mathrm{el} = 462.1 \pm 0.9 (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm 1.1 (\mathrm {syst.}) \pm 11.6 (\mathrm {scale})$~$μ\mathrm{b}$.
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Submitted 6 May, 2024; v1 submitted 28 September, 2023;
originally announced September 2023.
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Measurement of prompt $D^+$ and $D^+_{s}$ production in $p\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02\,$TeV
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
H. Afsharnia,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
M. Alexander,
A. Alfonso Albero,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey
, et al. (1039 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The production of prompt $D^+$ and $D^+_{s}$ mesons is studied in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt {s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02\,$TeV. The data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $(1.58\pm0.02)\mathrm{nb}^{-1}$ is collected by the LHCb experiment at the LHC. The differential production cross-sections are measured using $D^+$ and $D^+_{s}$ candidates with trans…
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The production of prompt $D^+$ and $D^+_{s}$ mesons is studied in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt {s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02\,$TeV. The data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $(1.58\pm0.02)\mathrm{nb}^{-1}$ is collected by the LHCb experiment at the LHC. The differential production cross-sections are measured using $D^+$ and $D^+_{s}$ candidates with transverse momentum in the range of $0<p_{\mathrm{T}} <14\,\mathrm{GeV}/c$ and rapidities in the ranges of $1.5<y^*<4.0$ and $-5.0<y^*<-2.5$ in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass system. For both particles, the nuclear modification factor and the forward-backward production ratio are determined. These results are compared with theoretical models that include initial-state nuclear effects. In addition, measurements of the cross-section ratios between $D^+$, $D^+_{s}$ and $D^0$ mesons are presented, providing a baseline for studying the charm hadronization in lead-lead collisions at LHC energies.
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Submitted 25 January, 2024; v1 submitted 25 September, 2023;
originally announced September 2023.
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Reaction plane correlated triangular flow in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3$ GeV
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
E. C. Aschenauer,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
S. R. Bhosale,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
C. Broodo,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (341 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We measure triangular flow relative to the reaction plane at 3 GeV center-of-mass energy in Au+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. A significant $v_3$ signal for protons is observed, which increases for higher rapidity, higher transverse momentum, and more peripheral collisions. The triangular flow is essentially rapidity-odd with a slope at mid-rapidity, $dv_3/dy|_{(y=0)}$,…
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We measure triangular flow relative to the reaction plane at 3 GeV center-of-mass energy in Au+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. A significant $v_3$ signal for protons is observed, which increases for higher rapidity, higher transverse momentum, and more peripheral collisions. The triangular flow is essentially rapidity-odd with a slope at mid-rapidity, $dv_3/dy|_{(y=0)}$, opposite in sign compared to the slope for directed flow. No significant $v_3$ signal is observed for charged pions and kaons. Comparisons with models suggest that a mean field potential is required to describe these results, and that the triangular shape of the participant nucleons is the result of stopping and nuclear geometry.
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Submitted 19 April, 2024; v1 submitted 21 September, 2023;
originally announced September 2023.
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Upper Limit on the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Isobar Collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
J. R. Adams,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbaev,
I. Alekseev,
E. Alpatov,
A. Aparin,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
S. R. Bhosale,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. D. Brandenburg
, et al. (333 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is a phenomenon that arises from the QCD anomaly in the presence of an external magnetic field. The experimental search for its evidence has been one of the key goals of the physics program of the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. The STAR collaboration has previously presented the results of a blind analysis of isobar collisions (…
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The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is a phenomenon that arises from the QCD anomaly in the presence of an external magnetic field. The experimental search for its evidence has been one of the key goals of the physics program of the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. The STAR collaboration has previously presented the results of a blind analysis of isobar collisions (${^{96}_{44}\text{Ru}}+{^{96}_{44}\text{Ru}}$, ${^{96}_{40}\text{Zr}}+{^{96}_{40}\text{Zr}}$) in the search for the CME. The isobar ratio ($Y$) of CME-sensitive observable, charge separation scaled by elliptic anisotropy, is close to but systematically larger than the inverse multiplicity ratio, the naive background baseline. This indicates the potential existence of a CME signal and the presence of remaining nonflow background due to two- and three-particle correlations, which are different between the isobars. In this post-blind analysis, we estimate the contributions from those nonflow correlations as a background baseline to $Y$, utilizing the isobar data as well as Heavy Ion Jet Interaction Generator simulations. This baseline is found consistent with the isobar ratio measurement, and an upper limit of 10% at 95% confidence level is extracted for the CME fraction in the charge separation measurement in isobar collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=200$ GeV.
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Submitted 17 July, 2024; v1 submitted 31 August, 2023;
originally announced August 2023.
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Jet-hadron correlations with respect to the event plane in $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions in STAR
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
E. C. Aschenauer,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
S. R. Bhosale,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
X. Z. Cai,
H. Caines
, et al. (340 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Angular distributions of charged particles relative to jet axes are studied in $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions as a function of the jet orientation with respect to the event plane. This differential study tests the expected path-length dependence of energy loss experienced by a hard-scattered parton as it traverses the hot and dense medium formed in heavy-ion collisions. A seco…
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Angular distributions of charged particles relative to jet axes are studied in $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions as a function of the jet orientation with respect to the event plane. This differential study tests the expected path-length dependence of energy loss experienced by a hard-scattered parton as it traverses the hot and dense medium formed in heavy-ion collisions. A second-order event plane is used in the analysis as an experimental estimate of the reaction plane formed by the collision impact parameter and the beam direction. Charged-particle jets with $15 < p_{\rm T, jet} <$ 20 and $20 < p_{\rm T, jet} <$ 40 GeV/$c$ were reconstructed with the anti-$k_{\rm T}$ algorithm with radius parameter setting of (R=0.4) in the 20-50\% centrality bin to maximize the initial-state eccentricity of the interaction region. The reaction plane fit method is implemented to remove the flow-modulated background with better precision than prior methods. Yields and widths of jet-associated charged-hadron distributions are extracted in three angular bins between the jet axis and the event plane. The event-plane (EP) dependence is further quantified by ratios of the associated yields in different EP bins. No dependence on orientation of the jet axis with respect to the event plane is seen within the uncertainties in the kinematic regime studied. This finding is consistent with a similar experimental observation by ALICE in $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV Pb+Pb collision data.
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Submitted 20 March, 2024; v1 submitted 25 July, 2023;
originally announced July 2023.
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Measurement of $Ξ_{c}^{+}$ production in $p$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV at LHCb
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
T. Ackernley,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
H. Afsharnia,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
M. Alexander,
A. Alfonso Albero,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato,
J. L. Amey
, et al. (1040 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
A study of prompt $Ξ_{c}^{+}$ production in proton-lead collisions is performed with the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 8.16 TeV in 2016 in $p$Pb and Pb$p$ collisions with an estimated integrated luminosity of approximately 12.5 and 17.4 nb$^{-1}$, respectively. The $Ξ_{c}^{+}$ production cross-section, as well as the $Ξ_{c}^{+}$ to $Λ_{c}^{+}$ production cross-sect…
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A study of prompt $Ξ_{c}^{+}$ production in proton-lead collisions is performed with the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 8.16 TeV in 2016 in $p$Pb and Pb$p$ collisions with an estimated integrated luminosity of approximately 12.5 and 17.4 nb$^{-1}$, respectively. The $Ξ_{c}^{+}$ production cross-section, as well as the $Ξ_{c}^{+}$ to $Λ_{c}^{+}$ production cross-section ratio, are measured as a function of the transverse momentum and rapidity and compared to latest theory predictions. The forward-backward asymmetry is also measured as a function of the $Ξ_{c}^{+}$ transverse momentum.
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Submitted 23 September, 2024; v1 submitted 11 May, 2023;
originally announced May 2023.
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First study of reaction $Ξ^{0}n\rightarrowΞ^{-}p$ using $Ξ^0$-nucleus scattering at an electron-positron collider
Authors:
BESIII Collaboration,
M. Ablikim,
M. N. Achasov,
P. Adlarson,
R. Aliberti,
A. Amoroso,
M. R. An,
Q. An,
Y. Bai,
O. Bakina,
I. Balossino,
Y. Ban,
V. Batozskaya,
K. Begzsuren,
N. Berger,
M. Berlowski,
M. Bertani,
D. Bettoni,
F. Bianchi,
E. Bianco,
J. Bloms,
A. Bortone,
I. Boyko,
R. A. Briere,
A. Brueggemann
, et al. (593 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Using $(1.0087\pm0.0044)\times10^{10}$ $J/ψ$ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the process $Ξ^{0}n\rightarrowΞ^{-}p$ is studied, where the $Ξ^0$ baryon is produced in the process $J/ψ\rightarrowΞ^0\barΞ^0$ and the neutron is a component of the $^9\rm{Be}$, $^{12}\rm{C}$ and $^{197}\rm{Au}$ nuclei in the beam pipe. A clear signal is observed with a statistical si…
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Using $(1.0087\pm0.0044)\times10^{10}$ $J/ψ$ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the process $Ξ^{0}n\rightarrowΞ^{-}p$ is studied, where the $Ξ^0$ baryon is produced in the process $J/ψ\rightarrowΞ^0\barΞ^0$ and the neutron is a component of the $^9\rm{Be}$, $^{12}\rm{C}$ and $^{197}\rm{Au}$ nuclei in the beam pipe. A clear signal is observed with a statistical significance of $7.1σ$. The cross section of the reaction $Ξ^0+{^9\rm{Be}}\rightarrowΞ^-+p+{^8\rm{Be}}$ is determined to be $σ(Ξ^0+{^9\rm{Be}}\rightarrowΞ^-+p+{^8\rm{Be}})=(22.1\pm5.3_{\rm{stat}}\pm4.5_{\rm{sys}})$ mb at the $Ξ^0$ momentum of $0.818$ GeV/$c$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. No significant $H$-dibaryon signal is observed in the $Ξ^-p$ final state. This is the first study of hyperon-nucleon interactions in electron-positron collisions and opens up a new direction for such research.
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Submitted 28 May, 2023; v1 submitted 26 April, 2023;
originally announced April 2023.
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Collision-energy Dependence of Deuteron Cumulants and Proton-deuteron Correlations in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
E. C. Aschenauer,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
S. R. Bhosale,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
C. Broodo,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (343 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report the first measurements of cumulants, up to $4^{th}$ order, of deuteron number distributions and proton-deuteron correlations in Au+Au collisions recorded by the STAR experiment in phase-I of Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Deuteron cumulants, their ratios, and proton-deuteron mixed cumulants are presented for different collision centralities coverin…
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We report the first measurements of cumulants, up to $4^{th}$ order, of deuteron number distributions and proton-deuteron correlations in Au+Au collisions recorded by the STAR experiment in phase-I of Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Deuteron cumulants, their ratios, and proton-deuteron mixed cumulants are presented for different collision centralities covering a range of center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$~=~7.7 to 200~GeV. It is found that the cumulant ratios at lower collision energies favor a canonical ensemble over a grand canonical ensemble in thermal models. An anti-correlation between proton and deuteron multiplicity is observed across all collision energies and centralities, consistent with the expectation from global baryon number conservation. The UrQMD model coupled with a phase-space coalescence mechanism qualitatively reproduces the collision-energy dependence of cumulant ratios and proton-deuteron correlations.
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Submitted 28 June, 2024; v1 submitted 21 April, 2023;
originally announced April 2023.
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Event-by-event correlations between $Λ$ ($\barΛ$) hyperon global polarization and handedness with charged hadron azimuthal separation in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}} = 27 \text{ GeV}$ from STAR
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
J. R. Adams,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbaev,
I. Alekseev,
D. M. Anderson,
A. Aparin,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. D. Brandenburg
, et al. (333 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Global polarizations ($P$) of $Λ$ ($\barΛ$) hyperons have been observed in non-central heavy-ion collisions. The strong magnetic field primarily created by the spectator protons in such collisions would split the $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ global polarizations ($ΔP = P_Λ - P_{\barΛ} < 0$). Additionally, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predicts topological charge fluctuations in vacuum, resulting in a chirality…
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Global polarizations ($P$) of $Λ$ ($\barΛ$) hyperons have been observed in non-central heavy-ion collisions. The strong magnetic field primarily created by the spectator protons in such collisions would split the $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ global polarizations ($ΔP = P_Λ - P_{\barΛ} < 0$). Additionally, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predicts topological charge fluctuations in vacuum, resulting in a chirality imbalance or parity violation in a local domain. This would give rise to an imbalance ($Δn = \frac{N_{\text{L}} - N_{\text{R}}}{\langle N_{\text{L}} + N_{\text{R}} \rangle} \neq 0$) between left- and right-handed $Λ$ ($\barΛ$) as well as a charge separation along the magnetic field, referred to as the chiral magnetic effect (CME). This charge separation can be characterized by the parity-even azimuthal correlator ($Δγ$) and parity-odd azimuthal harmonic observable ($Δa_{1}$). Measurements of $ΔP$, $Δγ$, and $Δa_{1}$ have not led to definitive conclusions concerning the CME or the magnetic field, and $Δn$ has not been measured previously. Correlations among these observables may reveal new insights. This paper reports measurements of correlation between $Δn$ and $Δa_{1}$, which is sensitive to chirality fluctuations, and correlation between $ΔP$ and $Δγ$ sensitive to magnetic field in Au+Au collisions at 27 GeV. For both measurements, no correlations have been observed beyond statistical fluctuations.
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Submitted 22 July, 2023; v1 submitted 19 April, 2023;
originally announced April 2023.
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Observation of the electromagnetic field effect via charge-dependent directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
J. R. Adams,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbaev,
I. Alekseev,
E. Alpatov,
A. Aparin,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
S. R. Bhosale,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. D. Brandenburg
, et al. (331 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The deconfined quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions enables the exploration of the fundamental properties of matter under extreme conditions. Non-central collisions can produce strong magnetic fields on the order of $10^{18}$ Gauss, which offers a probe into the electrical conductivity of the QGP. In particular, quarks and anti-quarks carry opposite charges and rec…
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The deconfined quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions enables the exploration of the fundamental properties of matter under extreme conditions. Non-central collisions can produce strong magnetic fields on the order of $10^{18}$ Gauss, which offers a probe into the electrical conductivity of the QGP. In particular, quarks and anti-quarks carry opposite charges and receive contrary electromagnetic forces that alter their momenta. This phenomenon can be manifested in the collective motion of final-state particles, specifically in the rapidity-odd directed flow, denoted as $v_1(\mathsf{y})$. Here we present the charge-dependent measurements of $dv_1/d\mathsf{y}$ near midrapidities for $π^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, and $p(\bar{p})$ in Au+Au and isobar ($_{44}^{96}$Ru+$_{44}^{96}$Ru and $_{40}^{96}$Zr+$_{40}^{96}$Zr) collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=$ 200 GeV, and in Au+Au collisions at 27 GeV, recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The combined dependence of the $v_1$ signal on collision system, particle species, and collision centrality can be qualitatively and semi-quantitatively understood as several effects on constituent quarks. While the results in central events can be explained by the $u$ and $d$ quarks transported from initial-state nuclei, those in peripheral events reveal the impacts of the electromagnetic field on the QGP. Our data put valuable constraints on the electrical conductivity of the QGP in theoretical calculations.
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Submitted 22 February, 2024; v1 submitted 6 April, 2023;
originally announced April 2023.
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Hyperon polarization along the beam direction relative to the second and third harmonic event planes in isobar collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
J. R. Adams,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbaev,
I. Alekseev,
D. M. Anderson,
A. Aparin,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. D. Brandenburg
, et al. (338 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The polarization of $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperons along the beam direction has been measured relative to the second and third harmonic event planes in isobar Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. This is the first experimental evidence of the hyperon polarization by the triangular flow originating from the initial density fluctuations. The amplitudes of the sine modulation for the se…
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The polarization of $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperons along the beam direction has been measured relative to the second and third harmonic event planes in isobar Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. This is the first experimental evidence of the hyperon polarization by the triangular flow originating from the initial density fluctuations. The amplitudes of the sine modulation for the second and third harmonic results are comparable in magnitude, increase from central to peripheral collisions, and show a mild $p_T$ dependence. The azimuthal angle dependence of the polarization follows the vorticity pattern expected due to elliptic and triangular anisotropic flow, and qualitatively disagree with most hydrodynamic model calculations based on thermal vorticity and shear induced contributions. The model results based on one of existing implementations of the shear contribution lead to a correct azimuthal angle dependence, but predict centrality and $p_T$ dependence that still disagree with experimental measurements. Thus, our results provide stringent constraints on the thermal vorticity and shear-induced contributions to hyperon polarization. Comparison to previous measurements at RHIC and the LHC for the second-order harmonic results shows little dependence on the collision system size and collision energy.
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Submitted 16 November, 2023; v1 submitted 16 March, 2023;
originally announced March 2023.
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Measurement of electrons from open heavy-flavor hadron decays in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=200$ GeV with the STAR detector
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
D. M. Anderson,
E. C. Aschenauer,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (350 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report a new measurement of the production of electrons from open heavy-flavor hadron decays (HFEs) at mid-rapidity ($|y|<$ 0.7) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=200$ GeV. Invariant yields of HFEs are measured for the transverse momentum range of $3.5 < p_{\rm T} < 9$ GeV/$c$ in various configurations of the collision geometry. The HFE yields in head-on Au+Au collisions are suppressed…
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We report a new measurement of the production of electrons from open heavy-flavor hadron decays (HFEs) at mid-rapidity ($|y|<$ 0.7) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=200$ GeV. Invariant yields of HFEs are measured for the transverse momentum range of $3.5 < p_{\rm T} < 9$ GeV/$c$ in various configurations of the collision geometry. The HFE yields in head-on Au+Au collisions are suppressed by approximately a factor of 2 compared to that in $p$+$p$ collisions scaled by the average number of binary collisions, indicating strong interactions between heavy quarks and the hot and dense medium created in heavy-ion collisions. Comparison of these results with models provides additional tests of theoretical calculations of heavy quark energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma.
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Submitted 28 June, 2023; v1 submitted 12 March, 2023;
originally announced March 2023.
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Elliptic Flow of Heavy-Flavor Decay Electrons in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}$ = 27 and 54.4 GeV at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
D. M. Anderson,
E. C. Aschenauer,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (350 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report on new measurements of elliptic flow ($v_2$) of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays at mid-rapidity ($|y|<0.8$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}$ = 27 and 54.4 GeV from the STAR experiment. Heavy-flavor decay electrons ($e^{\rm HF}$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}$ = 54.4 GeV exhibit a non-zero $v_2$ in the transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) region of…
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We report on new measurements of elliptic flow ($v_2$) of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays at mid-rapidity ($|y|<0.8$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}$ = 27 and 54.4 GeV from the STAR experiment. Heavy-flavor decay electrons ($e^{\rm HF}$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}$ = 54.4 GeV exhibit a non-zero $v_2$ in the transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) region of $p_{\rm T}<$ 2 GeV/$c$ with the magnitude comparable to that at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}=200$ GeV. The measured $e^{\rm HF}$ $v_2$ at 54.4 GeV is also consistent with the expectation of their parent charm hadron $v_2$ following number-of-constituent-quark scaling as other light and strange flavor hadrons at this energy. These suggest that charm quarks gain significant collectivity through the evolution of the QCD medium and may reach local thermal equilibrium in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}=54.4$ GeV. The measured $e^{\rm HF}$ $v_2$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}=$ 27 GeV is consistent with zero within large uncertainties. The energy dependence of $v_2$ for different flavor particles ($π,φ,D^{0}/e^{\rm HF}$) shows an indication of quark mass hierarchy in reaching thermalization in high-energy nuclear collisions.
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Submitted 3 August, 2023; v1 submitted 6 March, 2023;
originally announced March 2023.
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Energy Dependence of Intermittency for Charged Hadrons in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
D. M. Anderson,
E. C. Aschenauer,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (359 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Density fluctuations near the QCD critical point can be probed via an intermittency analysis in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We report the first measurement of intermittency in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{_{NN}}}$ = 7.7-200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The scaled factorial moments of identified charged hadrons are analyzed at m…
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Density fluctuations near the QCD critical point can be probed via an intermittency analysis in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We report the first measurement of intermittency in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{_{NN}}}$ = 7.7-200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The scaled factorial moments of identified charged hadrons are analyzed at mid-rapidity and within the transverse momentum phase space. We observe a power-law behavior of scaled factorial moments in Au$+$Au collisions and a decrease in the extracted scaling exponent ($ν$) from peripheral to central collisions. The $ν$ is consistent with a constant for different collisions energies in the mid-central (10-40\%) collisions. Moreover, the $ν$ in the 0-5\% most central Au$+$Au collisions exhibits a non-monotonic energy dependence that reaches a possible minimum around $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{_{NN}}}$ = 27 GeV. The physics implications on the QCD phase structure are discussed.
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Submitted 19 September, 2023; v1 submitted 26 January, 2023;
originally announced January 2023.
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Observation of Directed Flow of Hypernuclei $^3_Λ$H and $^4_Λ$H in $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
J. R. Adams,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbaev,
I. Alekseev,
D. M. Anderson,
A. Aparin,
J. Atchison,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. D. Brandenburg,
A. V. Brandin,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (330 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report here the first observation of directed flow ($v_1$) of the hypernuclei $^3_Λ$H and $^4_Λ$H in mid-central Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV at RHIC. These data are taken as part of the beam energy scan program carried out by the STAR experiment. From 165 $\times$ 10$^{6}$ events in 5%-40% centrality, about 8400 $^3_Λ$H and 5200 $^4_Λ$H candidates are reconstructed through t…
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We report here the first observation of directed flow ($v_1$) of the hypernuclei $^3_Λ$H and $^4_Λ$H in mid-central Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 3 GeV at RHIC. These data are taken as part of the beam energy scan program carried out by the STAR experiment. From 165 $\times$ 10$^{6}$ events in 5%-40% centrality, about 8400 $^3_Λ$H and 5200 $^4_Λ$H candidates are reconstructed through two- and three-body decay channels. We observe that these hypernuclei exhibit significant directed flow. Comparing to that of light nuclei, it is found that the midrapidity $v_1$ slopes of $^3_Λ$H and $^4_Λ$H follow baryon number scaling, implying that the coalescence is the dominant mechanism for these hypernuclei production in such collisions.
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Submitted 7 June, 2023; v1 submitted 30 November, 2022;
originally announced November 2022.
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Beam energy dependence of the linear and mode-coupled flow harmonics in Au+Au collisions
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
J. R. Adams,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbaev,
I. Alekseev,
D. M. Anderson,
A. Aparin,
J. Atchison,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. D. Brandenburg,
A. V. Brandin,
X. Z. Cai
, et al. (333 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The linear and mode-coupled contributions to higher-order anisotropic flow are presented for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 27, 39, 54.4, and 200 GeV and compared to similar measurements for Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The coefficients and the flow harmonics' correlations, which characterize the linear and mode-coupled response to the lower-order anisotropi…
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The linear and mode-coupled contributions to higher-order anisotropic flow are presented for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 27, 39, 54.4, and 200 GeV and compared to similar measurements for Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The coefficients and the flow harmonics' correlations, which characterize the linear and mode-coupled response to the lower-order anisotropies, indicate a beam energy dependence consistent with an influence from the specific shear viscosity ($η/s$). In contrast, the dimensionless coefficients, mode-coupled response coefficients, and normalized symmetric cumulants are approximately beam-energy independent, consistent with a significant role from initial-state effects. These measurements could provide unique supplemental constraints to (i) distinguish between different initial-state models and (ii) delineate the temperature ($T$) and baryon chemical potential ($μ_{B}$) dependence of the specific shear viscosity $\fracη{s} (T, μ_B)$.
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Submitted 20 February, 2023; v1 submitted 21 November, 2022;
originally announced November 2022.
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Measurements of the elliptic and triangular azimuthal anisotropies in central $^{3}$He+Au, $d$+Au and $p$+Au collisions at $\mbox{$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$}$ = 200 GeV
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
J. R. Adams,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbaev,
I. Alekseev,
D. M. Anderson,
A. Aparin,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. D. Brandenburg
, et al. (334 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The elliptic ($v_2$) and triangular ($v_3$) azimuthal anisotropy coefficients in central $^{3}$He+Au, $d$+Au, and $p$+Au collisions at $\mbox{$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$}$ = 200 GeV are measured as a function of transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) at mid-rapidity ($|η|<$0.9), via the azimuthal angular correlation between two particles both at $|η|<$0.9. While the $v_2(p_{\mathrm{T}})$ values depen…
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The elliptic ($v_2$) and triangular ($v_3$) azimuthal anisotropy coefficients in central $^{3}$He+Au, $d$+Au, and $p$+Au collisions at $\mbox{$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$}$ = 200 GeV are measured as a function of transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) at mid-rapidity ($|η|<$0.9), via the azimuthal angular correlation between two particles both at $|η|<$0.9. While the $v_2(p_{\mathrm{T}})$ values depend on the colliding systems, the $v_3(p_{\mathrm{T}})$ values are system-independent within the uncertainties, suggesting an influence on eccentricity from sub-nucleonic fluctuations in these small-sized systems. These results also provide stringent constraints for the hydrodynamic modeling of these systems.
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Submitted 6 June, 2023; v1 submitted 20 October, 2022;
originally announced October 2022.
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Beam Energy Dependence of Triton Production and Yield Ratio ($\mathrm{N}_t \times \mathrm{N}_p/\mathrm{N}_d^2$) in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. I. Abdulhamid,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
J. R. Adams,
G. Agakishiev,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. Aitbaev,
I. Alekseev,
D. M. Anderson,
A. Aparin,
S. Aslam,
J. Atchison,
G. S. Averichev,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
J. D. Brandenburg
, et al. (333 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report the triton ($t$) production in mid-rapidity ($|y| <$ 0.5) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$= 7.7--200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment from the first phase of the beam energy scan at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The nuclear compound yield ratio ($\mathrm{N}_t \times \mathrm{N}_p/\mathrm{N}_d^2$), which is predicted to be sensitive to the fluctuation of local ne…
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We report the triton ($t$) production in mid-rapidity ($|y| <$ 0.5) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$= 7.7--200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment from the first phase of the beam energy scan at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The nuclear compound yield ratio ($\mathrm{N}_t \times \mathrm{N}_p/\mathrm{N}_d^2$), which is predicted to be sensitive to the fluctuation of local neutron density, is observed to decrease monotonically with increasing charged-particle multiplicity ($dN_{ch}/dη$) and follows a scaling behavior. The $dN_{ch}/dη$ dependence of the yield ratio is compared to calculations from coalescence and thermal models. Enhancements in the yield ratios relative to the coalescence baseline are observed in the 0\%-10\% most central collisions at 19.6 and 27 GeV, with a significance of 2.3$σ$ and 3.4$σ$, respectively, giving a combined significance of 4.1$σ$. The enhancements are not observed in peripheral collisions or model calculations without critical fluctuation, and decreases with a smaller $p_{T}$ acceptance. The physics implications of these results on the QCD phase structure and the production mechanism of light nuclei in heavy-ion collisions are discussed.
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Submitted 18 May, 2023; v1 submitted 16 September, 2022;
originally announced September 2022.
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Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm{NN}}}}=27$ GeV with the STAR forward Event Plane Detectors
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
D. M. Anderson,
E. C. Aschenauer,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
X. Z. Cai,
H. Caines,
M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez
, et al. (347 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
A decisive experimental test of the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) is considered one of the major scientific goals at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) towards understanding the nontrivial topological fluctuations of the Quantum Chromodynamics vacuum. In heavy-ion collisions, the CME is expected to result in a charge separation phenomenon across the reaction plane, whose strength could be s…
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A decisive experimental test of the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) is considered one of the major scientific goals at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) towards understanding the nontrivial topological fluctuations of the Quantum Chromodynamics vacuum. In heavy-ion collisions, the CME is expected to result in a charge separation phenomenon across the reaction plane, whose strength could be strongly energy dependent. The previous CME searches have been focused on top RHIC energy collisions. In this Letter, we present a low energy search for the CME in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm{NN}}}}=27$ GeV. We measure elliptic flow scaled charge-dependent correlators relative to the event planes that are defined at both mid-rapidity $|η|<1.0$ and at forward rapidity $2.1 < |η|<5.1$. We compare the results based on the directed flow plane ($Ψ_1$) at forward rapidity and the elliptic flow plane ($Ψ_2$) at both central and forward rapidity. The CME scenario is expected to result in a larger correlation relative to $Ψ_1$ than to $Ψ_2$, while a flow driven background scenario would lead to a consistent result for both event planes. In 10-50\% centrality, results using three different event planes are found to be consistent within experimental uncertainties, suggesting a flow driven background scenario dominating the measurement. We obtain an upper limit on the deviation from a flow driven background scenario at the 95\% confidence level. This work opens up a possible road map towards future CME search with the high statistics data from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan Phase-II.
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Submitted 19 April, 2023; v1 submitted 7 September, 2022;
originally announced September 2022.
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Beam Energy Dependence of Fifth and Sixth-Order Net-proton Number Fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
B. E. Aboona,
J. Adam,
L. Adamczyk,
J. R. Adams,
I. Aggarwal,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
D. M. Anderson,
E. C. Aschenauer,
J. Atchison,
V. Bairathi,
W. Baker,
J. G. Ball Cap,
K. Barish,
R. Bellwied,
P. Bhagat,
A. Bhasin,
S. Bhatta,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
J. D. Brandenburg,
X. Z. Cai,
H. Caines,
M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez
, et al. (349 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report the beam energy and collision centrality dependence of fifth and sixth order cumulants ($C_{5}$, $C_{6}$) and factorial cumulants ($κ_{5}$, $κ_{6}$) of net-proton and proton distributions, from $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 3 - 200$ GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. The net-proton cumulant ratios generally follow the hierarchy expected from QCD thermodynamics, except for the case of collisions at…
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We report the beam energy and collision centrality dependence of fifth and sixth order cumulants ($C_{5}$, $C_{6}$) and factorial cumulants ($κ_{5}$, $κ_{6}$) of net-proton and proton distributions, from $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 3 - 200$ GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. The net-proton cumulant ratios generally follow the hierarchy expected from QCD thermodynamics, except for the case of collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV. $C_{6}/C_{2}$ for 0-40\% centrality collisions is increasingly negative with decreasing $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$, while it is positive for the lowest $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ studied. These observed negative signs are consistent with QCD calculations (at baryon chemical potential, $μ_{B} \leq$ 110 MeV) that include a crossover quark-hadron transition. In addition, for $\sqrt{s_{NN}} \geq$ 11.5 GeV, the measured proton $κ_{n}$, within uncertainties, does not support the two-component shape of proton distributions that would be expected from a first-order phase transition. Taken in combination, the hyper-order proton number fluctuations suggest that the structure of QCD matter at high baryon density, $μ_{B}\sim 750$ MeV ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV) is starkly different from those at vanishing $μ_{B}\sim 20$MeV ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV and higher).
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Submitted 25 February, 2023; v1 submitted 20 July, 2022;
originally announced July 2022.