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KATRIN Sensitivity to keV Sterile Neutrinos with the TRISTAN Detector Upgrade
Authors:
H. Acharya,
M. Aker,
D. Batzler,
A. Beglarian,
J. Beisenkötter,
M. Biassoni,
B. Bieringer,
Y. Biondi,
B. Bornschein,
L. Bornschein,
M. Böttcher,
M. Carminati,
A. Chatrabhuti,
S. Chilingaryan,
B. A. Daniel,
M. Descher,
D. Díaz Barrero,
P. J. Doe,
O. Dragoun,
G. Drexlin,
E. Ellinger,
R. Engel,
K. Erhardt,
L. Fallböhmer,
A. Felden
, et al. (105 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Sterile neutrinos in the keV mass range are a well-motivated extension of the Standard Model and viable dark matter candidates. Their existence can be probed in laboratory experiments, as the admixture of a sterile state would induce a characteristic kink-like distortion in the $β$-decay electron energy spectrum. The KATRIN experiment is designed to measure the effective electron neutrino mass wit…
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Sterile neutrinos in the keV mass range are a well-motivated extension of the Standard Model and viable dark matter candidates. Their existence can be probed in laboratory experiments, as the admixture of a sterile state would induce a characteristic kink-like distortion in the $β$-decay electron energy spectrum. The KATRIN experiment is designed to measure the effective electron neutrino mass with sub-eV sensitivity by analyzing the endpoint region of the tritium $β$-decay spectrum. Following the completion of its neutrino mass program, KATRIN will extend its physics reach to the search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos. This effort will be enabled by the TRISTAN detector, a newly developed silicon drift detector array optimized for differential measurements at high rates and energies well below the endpoint. In this article, we present the projected sensitivity of KATRIN to keV-scale sterile neutrinos using a dedicated simulation framework. With four months of detector livetime, KATRIN has the statistical power to probe mixing amplitudes at the level of $|U_{e4}|^2 \sim 10^{-6}$ for sterile neutrino masses in the (4$-$13) keV range, significantly extending the reach of previous laboratory searches. The major experimental systematic uncertainties investigated in this work reduces the sensitivity by a factor of 10$-$50 over the same mass range.
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Submitted 15 April, 2026; v1 submitted 24 March, 2026;
originally announced March 2026.
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Measurement of the inhomogeneity of the KATRIN tritium source electric potential by high-resolution spectroscopy of conversion electrons from $^{83m}$Kr
Authors:
H. Acharya,
M. Aker,
D. Batzler,
A. Beglarian,
J. Beisenkötter,
M. Biassoni,
B. Bieringer,
Y. Biondi,
F. Block,
B. Bornschein,
L. Bornschein,
M. Böttcher,
M. Carminati,
A. Chatrabhuti,
S. Chilingaryan,
B. A. Daniel,
M. Descher,
D. Díaz Barrero,
O. Dragoun,
G. Drexlin,
F. Edzards,
K. Eitel,
E. Ellinger,
R. Engel,
S. Enomoto
, et al. (108 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Precision spectroscopy of the electron spectrum of the tritium $β$-decay near the kinematic endpoint is a direct method to determine the effective electron antineutrino mass. The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims to determine this quantity with a sensitivity of better than 0.3$\,$eV (90$\,$% C.L.). An inhomogeneous electric potential in the tritium source of KATRIN can lead to di…
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Precision spectroscopy of the electron spectrum of the tritium $β$-decay near the kinematic endpoint is a direct method to determine the effective electron antineutrino mass. The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims to determine this quantity with a sensitivity of better than 0.3$\,$eV (90$\,$% C.L.). An inhomogeneous electric potential in the tritium source of KATRIN can lead to distortions of the $β$-spectrum, which directly impact the neutrino-mass observable. This effect can be quantified through precision spectroscopy of the conversion-electrons of co-circulated metastable $^{83m}$Kr. Therefore, dedicated, several-weeks long measurement campaigns have been performed within the KATRIN data taking schedule. In this work, we infer the tritium source potential observables from these measurements, and present their implications for the neutrino-mass determination.
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Submitted 17 March, 2025;
originally announced March 2025.
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First constraints on general neutrino interactions based on KATRIN data
Authors:
M. Aker,
D. Batzler,
A. Beglarian,
J. Beisenkötter,
M. Biassoni,
B. Bieringer,
Y. Biondi,
F. Block,
B. Bornschein,
L. Bornschein,
M. Böttcher,
M. Carminati,
A. Chatrabhuti,
S. Chilingaryan,
B. A. Daniel,
M. Descher,
D. Díaz Barrero,
P. J. Doe,
O. Dragoun,
G. Drexlin,
F. Edzards,
K. Eitel,
E. Ellinger,
R. Engel,
S. Enomoto
, et al. (108 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The precision measurement of the tritium $β$-decay spectrum performed by the KATRIN experiment provides a unique way to search for general neutrino interactions (GNI). All theoretical allowed GNI terms involving neutrinos are incorporated into a low-energy effective field theory, and can be identified by specific signatures in the measured tritium $β$-spectrum. In this paper an effective descripti…
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The precision measurement of the tritium $β$-decay spectrum performed by the KATRIN experiment provides a unique way to search for general neutrino interactions (GNI). All theoretical allowed GNI terms involving neutrinos are incorporated into a low-energy effective field theory, and can be identified by specific signatures in the measured tritium $β$-spectrum. In this paper an effective description of the impact of GNI on the $β$-spectrum is formulated and the first constraints on the effective GNI parameters are derived based on the 4 million electrons collected in the second measurement campaign of KATRIN in 2019. In addition, constraints on selected types of interactions are investigated, thereby exploring the potential of KATRIN to search for more specific new physics cases, including a right-handed W boson, a charged Higgs or leptoquarks.
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Submitted 12 November, 2024; v1 submitted 14 October, 2024;
originally announced October 2024.
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Direct neutrino-mass measurement based on 259 days of KATRIN data
Authors:
M. Aker,
D. Batzler,
A. Beglarian,
J. Behrens,
J. Beisenkötter,
M. Biassoni,
B. Bieringer,
Y. Biondi,
F. Block,
S. Bobien,
M. Böttcher,
B. Bornschein,
L. Bornschein,
T. S. Caldwell,
M. Carminati,
A. Chatrabhuti,
S. Chilingaryan,
B. A. Daniel,
K. Debowski,
M. Descher,
D. Díaz Barrero,
P. J. Doe,
O. Dragoun,
G. Drexlin,
F. Edzards
, et al. (124 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The fact that neutrinos carry a non-vanishing rest mass is evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. Their absolute mass bears important relevance from particle physics to cosmology. In this work, we report on the search for the effective electron antineutrino mass with the KATRIN experiment. KATRIN performs precision spectroscopy of the tritium $β$-decay close to the…
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The fact that neutrinos carry a non-vanishing rest mass is evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. Their absolute mass bears important relevance from particle physics to cosmology. In this work, we report on the search for the effective electron antineutrino mass with the KATRIN experiment. KATRIN performs precision spectroscopy of the tritium $β$-decay close to the kinematic endpoint. Based on the first five neutrino-mass measurement campaigns, we derive a best-fit value of $m_ν^{2} = {-0.14^{+0.13}_{-0.15}}~\mathrm{eV^2}$, resulting in an upper limit of $m_ν< {0.45}~\mathrm{eV}$ at 90 % confidence level. With six times the statistics of previous data sets, amounting to 36 million electrons collected in 259 measurement days, a substantial reduction of the background level and improved systematic uncertainties, this result tightens KATRIN's previous bound by a factor of almost two.
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Submitted 19 June, 2024;
originally announced June 2024.
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Silicon Photomultipliers in Particle and Nuclear Physics
Authors:
Frank Simon
Abstract:
Following first large-scale applications in highly granular calorimeters and in neutrino detectors, Silicon Photomultipliers have seen a wide adoption in accelerator-based particle and nuclear physics experiments. Today, they are used for a wide range of different particle detector types, ranging from calorimeters and trackers to particle identification and veto detectors, large volume detectors f…
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Following first large-scale applications in highly granular calorimeters and in neutrino detectors, Silicon Photomultipliers have seen a wide adoption in accelerator-based particle and nuclear physics experiments. Today, they are used for a wide range of different particle detector types, ranging from calorimeters and trackers to particle identification and veto detectors, large volume detectors for neutrino physics and timing systems. This article reviews the current state and expected evolution of these applications, highlighting strengths and limitation of SiPMs and the corresponding design choices in the respective contexts. General trends and adopted technical solutions in the applications are discussed.
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Submitted 3 May, 2019; v1 submitted 9 November, 2018;
originally announced November 2018.
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Observation of $Ξ(1620)^0$ and evidence for $Ξ(1690)^0$ in $Ξ_c^+ \rightarrow Ξ^-π^+π^+$ decays
Authors:
Belle collaboration,
M. Sumihama,
I. Adachi,
J. K. Ahn,
H. Aihara,
S. Al Said,
D. M. Asner,
H. Atmacan,
T. Aushev,
R. Ayad,
V. Babu,
I. Badhrees,
S. Bahinipati,
A. M. Bakich,
V. Bansal,
C. Beleno,
M. Berger,
V. Bhardwaj,
B. Bhuyan,
T. Bilka,
J. Biswal,
G. Bonvicini,
A. Bozek,
M. Bracko,
T. E. Browder
, et al. (161 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report the first observation of the doubly-strange baryon $Ξ(1620)^0$ in its decay to $Ξ^-π^+$ via $Ξ_c^+ \rightarrow Ξ^- π^+ π^+$ decays based on a $980\,{\rm fb}^{-1}$ data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+ e^-$ collider. The mass and width are measured to be 1610.4 $\pm$ 6.0 (stat) $^{+5.9}_{-3.5}$ (syst)~MeV$/c^2$ and 59.9 $\pm$ 4.8 (stat)…
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We report the first observation of the doubly-strange baryon $Ξ(1620)^0$ in its decay to $Ξ^-π^+$ via $Ξ_c^+ \rightarrow Ξ^- π^+ π^+$ decays based on a $980\,{\rm fb}^{-1}$ data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+ e^-$ collider. The mass and width are measured to be 1610.4 $\pm$ 6.0 (stat) $^{+5.9}_{-3.5}$ (syst)~MeV$/c^2$ and 59.9 $\pm$ 4.8 (stat) $^{+2.8}_{-3.0}$ (syst)~MeV, respectively. We obtain 4.0$σ$ evidence of the $Ξ(1690)^0$ with the same data sample. These results shed light on the structure of hyperon resonances with strangeness $S=-2$.
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Submitted 15 October, 2018;
originally announced October 2018.
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Directed and elliptic flow of charged particles in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{\bm {s_{NN}}} =$ 22.4 GeV
Authors:
G. Agakishiev,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. V. Alakhverdyants,
I. Alekseev,
J. Alford,
B. D. Anderson,
C. D. Anson,
D. Arkhipkin,
G. S. Averichev,
J. Balewski,
D. R. Beavis,
N. K. Behera,
R. Bellwied,
M. J. Betancourt,
R. R. Betts,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
H. Bichsel,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
L. C. Bland,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
W. Borowski,
J. Bouchet
, et al. (346 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
This paper reports results for directed flow $v_{1}$ and elliptic flow $v_{2}$ of charged particles in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 22.4 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The measurements are for the 0-60% most central collisions, using charged particles observed in the STAR detector. Our measurements extend to 22.4 GeV Cu+Cu collisions the prior observation that $v_1$ is indepen…
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This paper reports results for directed flow $v_{1}$ and elliptic flow $v_{2}$ of charged particles in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 22.4 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The measurements are for the 0-60% most central collisions, using charged particles observed in the STAR detector. Our measurements extend to 22.4 GeV Cu+Cu collisions the prior observation that $v_1$ is independent of the system size at 62.4 and 200 GeV, and also extend the scaling of $v_1$ with $η/y_{\rm beam}$ to this system. The measured $v_2(p_T)$ in Cu+Cu collisions is similar for $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 22.4-200$ GeV. We also report a comparison with results from transport model (UrQMD and AMPT) calculations. The model results do not agree quantitatively with the measured $v_1(η), v_2(p_T)$ and $v_2(η)$.
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Submitted 6 December, 2011; v1 submitted 26 September, 2011;
originally announced September 2011.
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Anomalous centrality evolution of two-particle angular correlations from Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 62 and 200 GeV
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
G. Agakishiev,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. V. Alakhverdyants,
I. Alekseev,
J. Alford,
B. D. Anderson,
C. D. Anson,
D. Arkhipkin,
G. S. Averichev,
J. Balewski,
D. R. Beavis,
R. Bellwied,
M. J. Betancourt,
R. R. Betts,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
H. Bichsel,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
L. C. Bland,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
W. Borowski,
J. Bouchet
, et al. (330 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present two-dimensional (2D) two-particle angular correlations on relative pseudorapidity $η$ and azimuth $φ$ for charged particles from Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 62$ and 200 GeV with transverse momentum $p_t \geq 0.15$ GeV/$c$, $|η| \leq 1$ and $2π$ azimuth. Observed correlations include a {same-side} (relative azimuth $< π/2$) 2D peak, a closely-related away-side azimuth dipole…
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We present two-dimensional (2D) two-particle angular correlations on relative pseudorapidity $η$ and azimuth $φ$ for charged particles from Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 62$ and 200 GeV with transverse momentum $p_t \geq 0.15$ GeV/$c$, $|η| \leq 1$ and $2π$ azimuth. Observed correlations include a {same-side} (relative azimuth $< π/2$) 2D peak, a closely-related away-side azimuth dipole, and an azimuth quadrupole conventionally associated with elliptic flow. The same-side 2D peak and away-side dipole are explained by semihard parton scattering and fragmentation (minijets) in proton-proton and peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions. Those structures follow N-N binary-collision scaling in Au-Au collisions until mid-centrality where a transition to a qualitatively different centrality trend occurs within a small centrality interval. Above the transition point the number of same-side and away-side correlated pairs increases rapidly {relative to} binary-collision scaling, the $η$ width of the same-side 2D peak also increases rapidly ($η$ elongation) and the $φ$ width actually decreases significantly. Those centrality trends are more remarkable when contrasted with expectations of jet quenching in a dense medium. Observed centrality trends are compared to {\sc hijing} predictions and to the expected trends for semihard parton scattering and fragmentation in a thermalized opaque medium. We are unable to reconcile a semihard parton scattering and fragmentation origin for the observed correlation structure and centrality trends with heavy ion collision scenarios which invoke rapid parton thermalization. On the other hand, if the collision system is effectively opaque to few-GeV partons the observations reported here would be inconsistent with a minijet picture.
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Submitted 13 June, 2012; v1 submitted 20 September, 2011;
originally announced September 2011.
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Strangeness Enhancement in Cu+Cu and Au+Au Collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
H. Agakishiev,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. V. Alakhverdyants,
I. Alekseev,
J. Alford,
B. D. Anderson,
C. D. Anson,
D. Arkhipkin,
G. S. Averichev,
J. Balewski,
L. S. Barnby,
D. R. Beavis,
N. K. Behera,
R. Bellwied,
M. J. Betancourt,
R. R. Betts,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
H. Bichsel,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
B. Biritz,
L. C. Bland
, et al. (348 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report new STAR measurements of mid-rapidity yields for the $Λ$, $\barΛ$, $K^{0}_{S}$, $Ξ^{-}$, $\barΞ^{+}$, $Ω^{-}$, $\barΩ^{+}$ particles in Cu+Cu collisions at \sNN{200}, and mid-rapidity yields for the $Λ$, $\barΛ$, $K^{0}_{S}$ particles in Au+Au at \sNN{200}. We show that at a given number of participating nucleons, the production of strange hadrons is higher in Cu+Cu collisions than in Au…
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We report new STAR measurements of mid-rapidity yields for the $Λ$, $\barΛ$, $K^{0}_{S}$, $Ξ^{-}$, $\barΞ^{+}$, $Ω^{-}$, $\barΩ^{+}$ particles in Cu+Cu collisions at \sNN{200}, and mid-rapidity yields for the $Λ$, $\barΛ$, $K^{0}_{S}$ particles in Au+Au at \sNN{200}. We show that at a given number of participating nucleons, the production of strange hadrons is higher in Cu+Cu collisions than in Au+Au collisions at the same center-of-mass energy. We find that aspects of the enhancement factors for all particles can be described by a parameterization based on the fraction of participants that undergo multiple collisions.
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Submitted 3 January, 2012; v1 submitted 14 July, 2011;
originally announced July 2011.
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Studies of di-jet survival and surface emission bias in Au+Au collisions via angular correlations with respect to back-to-back leading hadrons
Authors:
H. Agakishiev,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. V. Alakhverdyants,
I. Alekseev,
J. Alford,
B. D. Anderson,
C. D. Anson,
D. Arkhipkin,
G. S. Averichev,
J. Balewski,
D. R. Beavis,
N. K. Behera,
R. Bellwied,
M. J. Betancourt,
R. R. Betts,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
H. Bichsel,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
B. Biritz,
L. C. Bland,
I. G. Bordyuzhin,
W. Borowski
, et al. (353 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report first results from an analysis based on a new multi-hadron correlation technique, exploring jet-medium interactions and di-jet surface emission bias at RHIC. Pairs of back-to-back high transverse momentum hadrons are used for triggers to study associated hadron distributions. In contrast with two- and three-particle correlations with a single trigger with similar kinematic selections, th…
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We report first results from an analysis based on a new multi-hadron correlation technique, exploring jet-medium interactions and di-jet surface emission bias at RHIC. Pairs of back-to-back high transverse momentum hadrons are used for triggers to study associated hadron distributions. In contrast with two- and three-particle correlations with a single trigger with similar kinematic selections, the associated hadron distribution of both trigger sides reveals no modification in either relative pseudo-rapidity or relative azimuthal angle from d+Au to central Au+Au collisions. We determine associated hadron yields and spectra as well as production rates for such correlated back-to-back triggers to gain additional insights on medium properties.
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Submitted 13 February, 2011;
originally announced February 2011.
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Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities
Authors:
N. Brambilla,
S. Eidelman,
B. K. Heltsley,
R. Vogt,
G. T. Bodwin,
E. Eichten,
A. D. Frawley,
A. B. Meyer,
R. E. Mitchell,
V. Papadimitriou,
P. Petreczky,
A. A. Petrov,
P. Robbe,
A. Vairo,
A. Andronic,
R. Arnaldi,
P. Artoisenet,
G. Bali,
A. Bertolin,
D. Bettoni,
J. Brodzicka,
G. E. Bruno,
A. Caldwell,
J. Catmore,
C. -H. Chang
, et al. (42 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and prov…
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A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the $B$-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality, precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b}, and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing directions for ongoing and future efforts.
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Submitted 11 February, 2011; v1 submitted 27 October, 2010;
originally announced October 2010.
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Measurements of Dihadron Correlations Relative to the Event Plane in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}=200$ GeV
Authors:
H. Agakishiev,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. V. Alakhverdyants,
I. Alekseev,
J. Alford,
B. D. Anderson,
C. D. Anson,
D. Arkhipkin,
G. S. Averichev,
J. Balewski,
D. R. Beavis,
N. K. Behera,
R. Bellwied,
M. J. Betancourt,
R. R. Betts,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
H. Bichsel,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
B. Biritz,
L. C. Bland,
W. Borowski,
J. Bouchet
, et al. (345 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Dihadron azimuthal correlations containing a high transverse momentum ($p_T$) trigger particle are sensitive to the properties of the nuclear medium created at RHIC through the strong interactions occurring between the traversing parton and the medium, i.e. jet-quenching. Previous measurements revealed a strong modification to dihadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions with respect to p+p…
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Dihadron azimuthal correlations containing a high transverse momentum ($p_T$) trigger particle are sensitive to the properties of the nuclear medium created at RHIC through the strong interactions occurring between the traversing parton and the medium, i.e. jet-quenching. Previous measurements revealed a strong modification to dihadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions with respect to p+p and d+Au collisions. The modification increases with the collision centrality, suggesting a path-length or energy density dependence to the jet-quenching effect. This paper reports STAR measurements of dihadron azimuthal correlations in mid-central (20-60%) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}=200$ GeV as a function of the trigger particle's azimuthal angle relative to the event plane, $φ_s=|φ_t-ψ_{\rm EP}|$. The azimuthal correlation is studied as a function of both the trigger and associated particle $p_T$. The subtractions of the combinatorial background and anisotropic flow, assuming Zero Yield At Minimum (ZYAM), are described. The correlation results are first discussed with subtraction of the even harmonic (elliptic and quadrangular) flow backgrounds. The away-side correlation is strongly modified, and the modification varies with $φ_s$, with a double-peak structure for out-of-plane trigger particles. The near-side ridge (long range pseudo-rapidity $Δη$ correlation) appears to drop with increasing $φ_s$ while the jet-like component remains approximately constant. The correlation functions are further studied with subtraction of odd harmonic triangular flow background arising from fluctuations. It is found that the triangular flow, while responsible for the majority of the amplitudes, is not sufficient to explain the $φ_s$-dependence of the ridge or the away-side double-peak structure. ...
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Submitted 28 March, 2021; v1 submitted 4 October, 2010;
originally announced October 2010.
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An Experimental Exploration of the QCD Phase Diagram: The Search for the Critical Point and the Onset of De-confinement
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. V. Alakhverdyants,
I. Alekseev,
B. D. Anderson,
D. Arkhipkin,
G. S. Averichev,
J. Balewski,
L. S. Barnby,
S. Baumgart,
D. R. Beavis,
R. Bellwied,
M. J. Betancourt,
R. R. Betts,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
H. Bichsel,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
B. Biritz,
L. C. Bland,
B. E. Bonner,
J. Bouchet,
E. Braidot
, et al. (359 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The QCD phase diagram lies at the heart of what the RHIC Physics Program is all about. While RHIC has been operating very successfully at or close to its maximum energy for almost a decade, it has become clear that this collider can also be operated at lower energies down to 5 GeV without extensive upgrades. An exploration of the full region of beam energies available at the RHIC facility is imper…
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The QCD phase diagram lies at the heart of what the RHIC Physics Program is all about. While RHIC has been operating very successfully at or close to its maximum energy for almost a decade, it has become clear that this collider can also be operated at lower energies down to 5 GeV without extensive upgrades. An exploration of the full region of beam energies available at the RHIC facility is imperative. The STAR detector, due to its large uniform acceptance and excellent particle identification capabilities, is uniquely positioned to carry out this program in depth and detail. The first exploratory beam energy scan (BES) run at RHIC took place in 2010 (Run 10), since several STAR upgrades, most importantly a full barrel Time of Flight detector, are now completed which add new capabilities important for the interesting physics at BES energies. In this document we discuss current proposed measurements, with estimations of the accuracy of the measurements given an assumed event count at each beam energy.
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Submitted 15 July, 2010;
originally announced July 2010.
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K*0 production in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_NN} = 62.4 GeV and 200 GeV
Authors:
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. V. Alakhverdyants,
I. Alekseev,
J. Alford,
B. D. Anderson,
Daniel Anson,
D. Arkhipkin,
G. S. Averichev,
J. Balewski,
L. S. Barnby,
S. Baumgart,
D. R. Beavis,
R. Bellwied,
M. J. Betancourt,
R. R. Betts,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
H. Bichsel,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
B. Biritz,
L. C. Bland,
B. E. Bonner,
W. Borowski
, et al. (362 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report on K*0 production at mid-rapidity in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 62.4 and 200 GeV collected by the Solenoid Tracker at RHIC (STAR) detector. The K*0 is reconstructed via the hadronic decays K*0 \to K+ pi- and \bar{K*0} \to K-pi+. Transverse momentum, pT, spectra are measured over a range of pT extending from 0.2 GeV/c to 5 GeV/c. The center of mass energy and system siz…
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We report on K*0 production at mid-rapidity in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 62.4 and 200 GeV collected by the Solenoid Tracker at RHIC (STAR) detector. The K*0 is reconstructed via the hadronic decays K*0 \to K+ pi- and \bar{K*0} \to K-pi+. Transverse momentum, pT, spectra are measured over a range of pT extending from 0.2 GeV/c to 5 GeV/c. The center of mass energy and system size dependence of the rapidity density, dN/dy, and the average transverse momentum, <pT>, are presented. The measured N(K*0)/N(K) and N(φ)/N(K*0) ratios favor the dominance of re-scattering of decay daughters of K*0 over the hadronic regeneration for the K*0 production. In the intermediate pT region (2.0 < pT < 4.0 GeV/c), the elliptic flow parameter, v2, and the nuclear modification factor, RCP, agree with the expectations from the quark coalescence model of particle production.
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Submitted 10 June, 2010;
originally announced June 2010.
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Higher Moments of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
Authors:
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. V. Alakhverdyants,
I. Alekseev,
J. Alford,
B. D. Anderson,
D. Arkhipkin,
G. S. Averichev,
J. Balewski,
L. S. Barnby,
S. Baumgart,
D. R. Beavis,
R. Bellwied,
M. J. Betancourt,
R. R. Betts,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
H. Bichsel,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
B. Biritz,
L. C. Bland,
3 B. E. Bonner,
J. Bouchet,
E. Braidot
, et al. (359 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report the first measurements of the kurtosis (κ), skewness (S) and variance (σ^2) of net-proton multiplicity (N_p - N_pbar) distributions at midrapidity for Au+Au collisions at \sqrt(s_NN) = 19.6, 62.4, and 200 GeV corresponding to baryon chemical potentials (μ_B) between 200 - 20 MeV. Our measurements of the products κσ^2 and S σ, which can be related to theoretical calculations sensitive t…
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We report the first measurements of the kurtosis (κ), skewness (S) and variance (σ^2) of net-proton multiplicity (N_p - N_pbar) distributions at midrapidity for Au+Au collisions at \sqrt(s_NN) = 19.6, 62.4, and 200 GeV corresponding to baryon chemical potentials (μ_B) between 200 - 20 MeV. Our measurements of the products κσ^2 and S σ, which can be related to theoretical calculations sensitive to baryon number susceptibilities and long range correlations, are constant as functions of collision centrality. We compare these products with results from lattice QCD and various models without a critical point and study the \sqrt(s_NN) dependence of κσ^2. From the measurements at the three beam energies, we find no evidence for a critical point in the QCD phase diagram for μ_B below 200 MeV.
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Submitted 12 June, 2010; v1 submitted 28 April, 2010;
originally announced April 2010.
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Azimuthal di-hadron correlations in d+Au and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV from STAR
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. V. Alakhverdyants,
I. Alekseev,
J. Alford,
B. D. Anderson,
Daniel Anson,
D. Arkhipkin,
G. S. Averichev,
J. Balewski,
L. S. Barnby,
S. Baumgart,
D. R. Beavis,
R. Bellwied,
M. J. Betancourt,
R. R. Betts,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
H. Bichsel,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
B. Biritz,
L. C. Bland,
B. E. Bonner
, et al. (363 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Yields, correlation shapes, and mean transverse momenta \pt{} of charged particles associated with intermediate to high-\pt{} trigger particles ($2.5 < \pt < 10$ \GeVc) in d+Au and Au+Au collisions at $\snn=200$ GeV are presented. For associated particles at higher $\pt \gtrsim 2.5$ \GeVc, narrow correlation peaks are seen in d+Au and Au+Au, indicating that the main production mechanism is jet fra…
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Yields, correlation shapes, and mean transverse momenta \pt{} of charged particles associated with intermediate to high-\pt{} trigger particles ($2.5 < \pt < 10$ \GeVc) in d+Au and Au+Au collisions at $\snn=200$ GeV are presented. For associated particles at higher $\pt \gtrsim 2.5$ \GeVc, narrow correlation peaks are seen in d+Au and Au+Au, indicating that the main production mechanism is jet fragmentation. At lower associated particle $\pt < 2$ \GeVc, a large enhancement of the near- ($\dphi \sim 0$) and away-side ($\dphi \sim π$) associated yields is found, together with a strong broadening of the away-side azimuthal distributions in Au+Au collisions compared to d+Au measurements, suggesting that other particle production mechanisms play a role. This is further supported by the observed significant softening of the away-side associated particle yield distribution at $\dphi \sim π$ in central Au+Au collisions.
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Submitted 10 August, 2010; v1 submitted 14 April, 2010;
originally announced April 2010.
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Pion femtoscopy in p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV
Authors:
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. V. Alakhverdyants,
I. Alekseev,
J. Alford,
B. D. Anderson,
D. Arkhipkin,
G. S. Averichev,
J. Balewski,
L. S. Barnby,
S. Baumgart,
D. R. Beavis,
R. Bellwied,
M. J. Betancourt,
R. R. Betts,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
H. Bichsel,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
B. Biritz,
L. C. Bland,
3 B. E. Bonner,
J. Bouchet,
E. Braidot
, et al. (359 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The STAR Collaboration at RHIC has measured two-pion correlation functions from p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV. Spatial scales are extracted via a femtoscopic analysis of the correlations, though this analysis is complicated by the presence of strong non-femtoscopic effects. Our results are put into the context of the world dataset of femtoscopy in hadron-hadron collisions. We present the first…
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The STAR Collaboration at RHIC has measured two-pion correlation functions from p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV. Spatial scales are extracted via a femtoscopic analysis of the correlations, though this analysis is complicated by the presence of strong non-femtoscopic effects. Our results are put into the context of the world dataset of femtoscopy in hadron-hadron collisions. We present the first direct comparison of femtoscopy in p+p and heavy ion collisions, under identical analysis and detector conditions.
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Submitted 21 September, 2011; v1 submitted 6 April, 2010;
originally announced April 2010.
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Upsilon cross section in p+p collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV
Authors:
STAR Collaboration,
B. I. Abelev,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
A. V. Alakhverdyants,
B. D. Anderson,
D. Arkhipkin,
G. S. Averichev,
J. Balewski,
L. S. Barnby,
S. Baumgart,
D. R. Beavis,
R. Bellwied,
M. J. Betancourt,
R. R. Betts,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
H. Bichsel,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
B. Biritz,
L. C. Bland,
B. E. Bonner,
J. Bouchet,
E. Braidot
, et al. (360 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report on a measurement of the Upsilon(1S+2S+3S) -> e+e- cross section at midrapidity in p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV. We find the cross section to be 114 +/- 38 (stat.) +23,-24 (syst.) pb. Perturbative QCD calculations at next-to-leading order in the Color Evaporation Model are in agreement with our measurement, while calculations in the Color Singlet Model underestimate it by 2 sigma.…
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We report on a measurement of the Upsilon(1S+2S+3S) -> e+e- cross section at midrapidity in p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV. We find the cross section to be 114 +/- 38 (stat.) +23,-24 (syst.) pb. Perturbative QCD calculations at next-to-leading order in the Color Evaporation Model are in agreement with our measurement, while calculations in the Color Singlet Model underestimate it by 2 sigma. Our result is consistent with the trend seen in world data as a function of the center-of-mass energy of the collision and extends the availability of Upsilon data to RHIC energies. The dielectron continuum in the invariant mass range near the Upsilon is also studied to obtain a combined cross section of Drell-Yan plus (b b-bar) -> e+e-.
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Submitted 10 May, 2010; v1 submitted 15 January, 2010;
originally announced January 2010.
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Beam-Energy and System-Size Dependence of Dynamical Net Charge Fluctuations
Authors:
B. I. Abelev,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
B. D. Anderson,
D. Arkhipkin,
G. S. Averichev,
Y. Bai,
J. Balewski,
O. Barannikova,
L. S. Barnby,
J. Baudot,
S. Baumgart,
D. R. Beavis,
R. Bellwied,
F. Benedosso,
R. R. Betts,
S. Bhardwaj,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
H. Bichsel,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova,
B. Biritz,
L. C. Bland,
M. Bombara
, et al. (338 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We present measurements of net charge fluctuations in $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = $ 19.6, 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV, $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = $ 62.4, 200 GeV, and $p + p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 200 GeV using the dynamical net charge fluctuations measure $ν_{+-{\rm,dyn}}$. We observe that the dynamical fluctuations are non-zero at all energies and exhibit a modest d…
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We present measurements of net charge fluctuations in $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = $ 19.6, 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV, $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = $ 62.4, 200 GeV, and $p + p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 200 GeV using the dynamical net charge fluctuations measure $ν_{+-{\rm,dyn}}$. We observe that the dynamical fluctuations are non-zero at all energies and exhibit a modest dependence on beam energy. A weak system size dependence is also observed. We examine the collision centrality dependence of the net charge fluctuations and find that dynamical net charge fluctuations violate $1/N_{ch}$ scaling, but display approximate $1/N_{part}$ scaling. We also study the azimuthal and rapidity dependence of the net charge correlation strength and observe strong dependence on the azimuthal angular range and pseudorapidity widths integrated to measure the correlation.
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Submitted 21 July, 2008;
originally announced July 2008.
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Strange baryon resonance production in $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV $p+p$ and $Au+Au$ collisions
Authors:
The STAR collaboration,
B. I. Abelev,
M. M. Aggarwal,
Z. Ahammed,
J. Amonett,
B. D. Anderson,
M. Anderson,
D. Arkhipkin,
G. S. Averichev,
Y. Bai,
J. Balewski,
O. Barannikova,
L. S. Barnby,
J. Baudot,
S. Bekele,
V. V. Belaga,
A. Bellingeri-Laurikainen,
R. Bellwied,
F. Benedosso,
S. Bhardwaj,
A. Bhasin,
A. K. Bhati,
H. Bichsel,
J. Bielcik,
J. Bielcikova
, et al. (353 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
We report the measurements of $Σ(1385)$ and $Λ(1520)$ production in $p+p$ and $Au+Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV from the STAR collaboration. The yields and the $p_{T}$ spectra are presented and discussed in terms of chemical and thermal freeze-out conditions and compared to model predictions. Thermal and microscopic models do not adequately describe the yields of all the resonances…
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We report the measurements of $Σ(1385)$ and $Λ(1520)$ production in $p+p$ and $Au+Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV from the STAR collaboration. The yields and the $p_{T}$ spectra are presented and discussed in terms of chemical and thermal freeze-out conditions and compared to model predictions. Thermal and microscopic models do not adequately describe the yields of all the resonances produced in central $Au+Au$ collisions. Our results indicate that there may be a time-span between chemical and thermal freeze-out during which elastic hadronic interactions occur.
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Submitted 11 October, 2006; v1 submitted 27 April, 2006;
originally announced April 2006.
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Forward Lambda Production and Nuclear Stopping Power in d+Au Collisions at RHIC
Authors:
Frank Simon
Abstract:
Using the forward time projection chambers of STAR we measure the centrality dependent Lambda and Anti-Lambda yields in d+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN} = 200 GeV at forward and backward rapidities. The contributions of different processes to particle production and baryon transport are probed exploiting the inherent asymmetry of the d+Au system. While the d side appears to be dominated by multip…
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Using the forward time projection chambers of STAR we measure the centrality dependent Lambda and Anti-Lambda yields in d+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN} = 200 GeV at forward and backward rapidities. The contributions of different processes to particle production and baryon transport are probed exploiting the inherent asymmetry of the d+Au system. While the d side appears to be dominated by multiple independent nucleon-nucleon collisions, nuclear effects contribute significantly on the Au side. Using the constraint of baryon number conservation, the rapidity loss of baryons in the incoming deuteron can be estimated as a function of centrality. This is compared to a model and to similar measurements in Au+Au, which gives insights into the nuclear stopping power at relativistic energies.
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Submitted 9 February, 2006; v1 submitted 20 December, 2005;
originally announced December 2005.
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Lambda Production at Forward and Backward Rapidity in d+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
Authors:
Frank Simon
Abstract:
Using the forward time projection chambers of the STAR experiment at the Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider we measure the centrality dependent Lambda and Anti-Lambda yields and inverse slope parameters in d+Au collisions at forward and backward rapidities y = +- 2.75. The contributions of different processes to stopping and baryon transport are probed exploiting the inherent asymmetry o…
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Using the forward time projection chambers of the STAR experiment at the Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider we measure the centrality dependent Lambda and Anti-Lambda yields and inverse slope parameters in d+Au collisions at forward and backward rapidities y = +- 2.75. The contributions of different processes to stopping and baryon transport are probed exploiting the inherent asymmetry of the d+Au system. Comparisons to model calculations show that the baryon transport on the deuteron side is due to multiple collisions of the deuteron nucleons with gold participants. On the gold side, the inclusion of inital state nuclear effects or hadronic rescattering is necessary to describe the data.
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Submitted 31 May, 2005; v1 submitted 14 December, 2004;
originally announced December 2004.
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$Λ$ Production at High Rapidity in d+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV
Authors:
Frank Simon
Abstract:
We present first preliminary studies of $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ production in the pseudorapidity region $2.5 < |η| < 4$, covered by the forward radial-drift TPCs (FTPCs) in STAR. The FTPCs provide momentum and charge determination but no particle identification, making the use of combinatorial methods and background subtraction necessary for $Λ$ identification.
The $\barΛ/Λ$ ratio measured at high rap…
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We present first preliminary studies of $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ production in the pseudorapidity region $2.5 < |η| < 4$, covered by the forward radial-drift TPCs (FTPCs) in STAR. The FTPCs provide momentum and charge determination but no particle identification, making the use of combinatorial methods and background subtraction necessary for $Λ$ identification.
The $\barΛ/Λ$ ratio measured at high rapidity is compared to the ratio obtained at mid-rapidity with the STAR TPC. Differences in the ratio at positive and negative rapidity point to an asymmetry in particle and antiparticle production in d+Au collisions.
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Submitted 12 March, 2004;
originally announced March 2004.