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Gridded RF Gun Design for SRF Linac Applications
Authors:
I. Gonin,
C. Edwards,
S. Kazakov,
T. Khabiboulline,
T. Nicol,
A. Saini,
N. Solyak,
J. C. T. Thangaraj,
V. Yakovlev,
M. Curtis,
K. Gunther
Abstract:
The thermionic gridded gun is described which generates short electron bunches for further acceleration in a Nb3Sn conduction cooled SRF linac. The gun is built into the first cavity of the 250 keV injector [1] for the 20 kW, 10 MeV, 1.3 GHz CW conduction cooled one-cavity linac. The beam current is 2 mA. The RF gun design is presented as well as the results of perveance measurements, which are in…
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The thermionic gridded gun is described which generates short electron bunches for further acceleration in a Nb3Sn conduction cooled SRF linac. The gun is built into the first cavity of the 250 keV injector [1] for the 20 kW, 10 MeV, 1.3 GHz CW conduction cooled one-cavity linac. The beam current is 2 mA. The RF gun design is presented as well as the results of perveance measurements, which are in a good agreement with the design parameters. The design of the RF resonator of the gun is presented also. The beam generated by the gun is matched to the injector to provide lack of current interception in the SRF cavity.
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Submitted 11 September, 2024;
originally announced September 2024.
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First results of AUP Nb3Sn quadrupole horizontal tests
Authors:
M. Baldini,
G. Ambrosio,
G. Apollinari,
J. Blowers,
R. Bossert,
R. Carcagno,
G. Chlachidze,
J. DiMarco,
S. Feher,
S. Krave,
V. Lombardo,
L. Martin,
C. Narug,
T. H. Nicol,
V. Nikolic,
A. Nobrega,
V. Marinozzi,
C. Orozco,
T. Page,
S. Stoynev,
T. Strauss,
M. Turenne,
D. Turrioni,
A. Vouris,
M. Yu
, et al. (26 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The Large Hadron Collider will soon undergo an upgrade to increase its luminosity by a factor of ~10 [1]. A crucial part of this upgrade will be replacement of the NbTi focusing magnets with Nb3Sn magnets that achieve a ~50% increase in the field strength. This will be the first ever large-scale implementation of Nb3Sn magnets in a particle accelerator. The High-Luminosity LHC Upgrade, HL-LHC is a…
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The Large Hadron Collider will soon undergo an upgrade to increase its luminosity by a factor of ~10 [1]. A crucial part of this upgrade will be replacement of the NbTi focusing magnets with Nb3Sn magnets that achieve a ~50% increase in the field strength. This will be the first ever large-scale implementation of Nb3Sn magnets in a particle accelerator. The High-Luminosity LHC Upgrade, HL-LHC is a CERN project with a world-wide collaboration. It is under construction and utilizes Nb3Sn Magnets (named MQXF) as key ingredients to increase tenfold the integrated luminosity delivered to the CMS and ATLAS experiments in the next decade.
The HL-LHC AUP is the US effort to contribute approximately 50% of the low-beta focusing magnets and crab cavities for the HL-LHC.
This paper will present the program to fabricate the Nb3Sn superconducting magnets. We are reporting the status of the HL-LHC AUP project present the results from horizontal tests of the first fully assembled cryo-assembly.
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Submitted 28 May, 2024;
originally announced May 2024.
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Final Design of the Production SSR1 Cryomodule for PIP-II Project at Fermilab
Authors:
J. Bernardini,
V. Roger,
D. Passarelli,
M. Parise,
G. Romanov,
J. Helsper,
M. Chen,
M. Kramp,
F. Lewis,
B. Squires,
T. Nicol,
P. Neri
Abstract:
This contribution reports the design of the production Single Spoke Resonator Type 1 Cryomodule (SSR1 CM) for the PIP-II project at Fermilab. The innovative design is based on a structure, the strongback, which supports the coldmass from the bottom, stays at room temperature during operations, and can slide longitudinally with respect to the vacuum vessel. The Fermilab style cryomodule developed f…
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This contribution reports the design of the production Single Spoke Resonator Type 1 Cryomodule (SSR1 CM) for the PIP-II project at Fermilab. The innovative design is based on a structure, the strongback, which supports the coldmass from the bottom, stays at room temperature during operations, and can slide longitudinally with respect to the vacuum vessel. The Fermilab style cryomodule developed for the prototype Single Spoke Resonator Type 1 (pSSR1), the prototype High Beta 650 MHz (pHB650), and preproduction Single Spoke Resonator Type 2 (ppSSR2) cryomodules is the baseline of the present design. The focus of this contribution is on the results of calculations and finite element analyses performed to optimize the critical components of the cryomodule: vacuum vessel, strongback, thermal shield, and magnetic shield.
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Submitted 15 November, 2023; v1 submitted 9 November, 2023;
originally announced November 2023.
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Final Design Of The Pre-production SSR2 Cryomodule For PIP-II Project At Fermilab
Authors:
J. Bernardini,
D. Passarelli,
V. Roger,
M. Parise,
J. Helsper,
G. V. Romanov,
M. Chen,
C. Boffo,
M. Kramp,
F. L. Lewis,
T. Nicol,
B. Squires,
M. Turenne
Abstract:
The present contribution reports the design of the pre-production Single Spoke Resonator Type 2 Cryomodule (ppSSR2 CM), developed in the framework of the PIP-II project at Fermilab. The innovative design is based on a structure, the strongback, which supports the coldmass from the bottom, stays at room temperature during operations, and can slide longitudinally with respect to the vacuum vessel. T…
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The present contribution reports the design of the pre-production Single Spoke Resonator Type 2 Cryomodule (ppSSR2 CM), developed in the framework of the PIP-II project at Fermilab. The innovative design is based on a structure, the strongback, which supports the coldmass from the bottom, stays at room temperature during operations, and can slide longitudinally with respect to the vacuum vessel. The Fermilab style cryomodule developed for the prototype Single Spoke Resonator Type 1 (pSSR1) and the prototype High Beta 650 MHz (pHB650) cryomodules is the baseline of the current design, which paves the way for production SSR1 and SSR2 cryomodules for the PIP-II linac. The focus of this contribution is on the results of calculations and finite element analysis performed to optimize the critical components of the cryomodule: vacuum vessel, strongback, thermal shield, and magnetic shield.
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Submitted 2 September, 2022;
originally announced September 2022.
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200 MV Record Voltage Of vCM And LCLS-II-HE Cryomodules Production Start At Fermilab
Authors:
T. Arkan,
J. Kaluzny,
D. Bafia,
D. Bice,
J. Blowers,
A. Cravatta,
M. Checchin,
B. Giaccone,
C. Grimm,
B. Hartsell,
M. Martinello,
T. Nicol,
Y. Orlov,
S. Posen
Abstract:
The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is an X-ray science facility at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The LCLS-II project (an upgrade to LCLS) is in the commissioning phase; the LCLS-II-HE (High Energy) project is another upgrade to the facility, enabling higher energy operation. An electron beam is accelerated using superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities built into cryomodules. It…
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The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is an X-ray science facility at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The LCLS-II project (an upgrade to LCLS) is in the commissioning phase; the LCLS-II-HE (High Energy) project is another upgrade to the facility, enabling higher energy operation. An electron beam is accelerated using superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities built into cryomodules. It is planned to build 24 1.3 GHz standard cryomodules and one 1.3 GHz single-cavity Buncher Capture Cavity (BCC) cryomodule for the LCLS-II-HE project. Fourteen of these standard cryomodules and the BCC are planned to be assembled and tested at Fermilab. Procurements for standard cryomodule components are nearing completion. The first LCLS-II-HE cryomodule, referred to as the verification cryomodule (vCM) was assembled and tested at Fermilab. Fermilab has completed the assembly of the second cryomodule. This paper presents LCLS-II-HE cryomodule production status at Fermilab, emphasizing the changes done based on the successes, challenges, mitigations, and lessons learned from LCLS-II; validation of the changes with the excellent vCM results.
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Submitted 26 August, 2022;
originally announced August 2022.
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Mu2e Technical Design Report
Authors:
L. Bartoszek,
E. Barnes,
J. P. Miller,
J. Mott,
A. Palladino,
J. Quirk,
B. L. Roberts,
J. Crnkovic,
V. Polychronakos,
V. Tishchenko,
P. Yamin,
C. -h. Cheng,
B. Echenard,
K. Flood,
D. G. Hitlin,
J. H. Kim,
T. S. Miyashita,
F. C. Porter,
M. Röhrken,
J. Trevor,
R. -Y. Zhu,
E. Heckmaier,
T. I. Kang,
G. Lim,
W. Molzon
, et al. (238 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for charged lepton flavor violation via the coherent conversion process mu- N --> e- N with a sensitivity approximately four orders of magnitude better than the current world's best limits for this process. The experiment's sensitivity offers discovery potential over a wide array of new physics models and probes mass scales well beyond the reach of the L…
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The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for charged lepton flavor violation via the coherent conversion process mu- N --> e- N with a sensitivity approximately four orders of magnitude better than the current world's best limits for this process. The experiment's sensitivity offers discovery potential over a wide array of new physics models and probes mass scales well beyond the reach of the LHC. We describe herein the preliminary design of the proposed Mu2e experiment. This document was created in partial fulfillment of the requirements necessary to obtain DOE CD-2 approval.
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Submitted 16 March, 2015; v1 submitted 21 January, 2015;
originally announced January 2015.
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Mu2e Conceptual Design Report
Authors:
The Mu2e Project,
Collaboration,
:,
R. J. Abrams,
D. Alezander,
G. Ambrosio,
N. Andreev,
C. M. Ankenbrandt,
D. M. Asner,
D. Arnold,
A. Artikov,
E. Barnes,
L. Bartoszek,
R. H. Bernstein,
K. Biery,
V. Biliyar,
R. Bonicalzi,
R. Bossert,
M. Bowden,
J. Brandt,
D. N. Brown,
J. Budagov,
M. Buehler,
A. Burov,
R. Carcagno
, et al. (203 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Mu2e at Fermilab will search for charged lepton flavor violation via the coherent conversion process mu- N --> e- N with a sensitivity approximately four orders of magnitude better than the current world's best limits for this process. The experiment's sensitivity offers discovery potential over a wide array of new physics models and probes mass scales well beyond the reach of the LHC. We describe…
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Mu2e at Fermilab will search for charged lepton flavor violation via the coherent conversion process mu- N --> e- N with a sensitivity approximately four orders of magnitude better than the current world's best limits for this process. The experiment's sensitivity offers discovery potential over a wide array of new physics models and probes mass scales well beyond the reach of the LHC. We describe herein the conceptual design of the proposed Mu2e experiment. This document was created in partial fulfillment of the requirements necessary to obtain DOE CD-1 approval, which was granted July 11, 2012.
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Submitted 29 November, 2012;
originally announced November 2012.
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A Survey of Pressure Vessel Code Compliance for Superconducting RF Cryomodules
Authors:
Thomas Peterson,
Arkadiy Klebaner,
Tom Nicol,
Jay Theilacker,
Hitoshi Hayano,
Eiji Kako,
Hirotaka Nakai,
Akira Yamamoto,
Kay Jensch,
Axel Matheisen,
John Mammosser
Abstract:
Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities made from niobium and cooled with liquid helium are becoming key components of many particle accelerators. The helium vessels surrounding the RF cavities, portions of the niobium cavities themselves, and also possibly the vacuum vessels containing these assemblies, generally fall under the scope of local and national pressure vessel codes. In the U.S.…
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Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities made from niobium and cooled with liquid helium are becoming key components of many particle accelerators. The helium vessels surrounding the RF cavities, portions of the niobium cavities themselves, and also possibly the vacuum vessels containing these assemblies, generally fall under the scope of local and national pressure vessel codes. In the U.S., Department of Energy rules require national laboratories to follow national consensus pressure vessel standards or to show "a level of safety greater than or equal to" that of the applicable standard. Thus, while used for its superconducting properties, niobium ends up being treated as a low-temperature pressure vessel material. Niobium material is not a code listed material and therefore requires the designer to understand the mechanical properties for material used in each pressure vessel fabrication; compliance with pressure vessel codes therefore becomes a problem. This report summarizes the approaches that various institutions have taken in order to bring superconducting RF cryomodules into compliance with pressure vessel codes.
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Submitted 11 September, 2012;
originally announced September 2012.
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First high power pulsed tests of a dressed 325 MHz superconducting single spoke resonator at Fermilab
Authors:
R. Madrak,
J. Branlard,
B. Chase,
C. Darve,
P. Joireman,
T. Khabiboulline,
A. Mukherjee,
T. Nicol,
E. Peoples-Evans,
D. Peterson,
Y. Pischalnikov,
L. Ristori,
W. Schappert,
D. Sergatskov,
W. Soyars,
J. Steimel,
I. Terechkine,
V. Tupikov,
R. Wagner,
R. C. Webber,
D. Wildman
Abstract:
In the recently commissioned superconducting RF cavity test facility at Fermilab (SCTF), a 325 MHz, β=0.22 superconducting single-spoke resonator (SSR1) has been tested for the first time with its input power coupler. Previously, this cavity had been tested CW with a low power, high Qext test coupler; first as a bare cavity in the Fermilab Vertical Test Stand and then fully dressed in the SCTF. Fo…
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In the recently commissioned superconducting RF cavity test facility at Fermilab (SCTF), a 325 MHz, β=0.22 superconducting single-spoke resonator (SSR1) has been tested for the first time with its input power coupler. Previously, this cavity had been tested CW with a low power, high Qext test coupler; first as a bare cavity in the Fermilab Vertical Test Stand and then fully dressed in the SCTF. For the tests described here, the design input coupler with Qext ~ 106 was used. Pulsed power was provided by a Toshiba E3740A 2.5 MW klystron.
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Submitted 17 February, 2012;
originally announced February 2012.
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First high gradient test results of a dressed 325 MHz superconducting single spoke resonator at Fermilab
Authors:
R. C. Webber,
T. Khabiboulline,
R. Madrak,
T. Nicol,
L. Ristori,
W. Soyars,
R. Wagner
Abstract:
A new superconducting RF cavity test facility has been commissioned at Fermilab in conjunction with first tests of a 325 MHz, β = 0.22 superconducting single-spoke cavity dressed with a helium jacket and prototype tuner. The facility is described and results of full gradient, CW cavity tests with a high Qext drive coupler are reported. Sensitivities to Q disease and externally applied magnetic fie…
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A new superconducting RF cavity test facility has been commissioned at Fermilab in conjunction with first tests of a 325 MHz, β = 0.22 superconducting single-spoke cavity dressed with a helium jacket and prototype tuner. The facility is described and results of full gradient, CW cavity tests with a high Qext drive coupler are reported. Sensitivities to Q disease and externally applied magnetic fields were investigated. Results are compared to bare cavity results obtained prior to hydrogen degassing and welding into the helium jacket.
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Submitted 7 February, 2012;
originally announced February 2012.