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Polaris: a flexible stellarator demonstration experiment with simple modular coils
Authors:
Simon P. H. Vincent,
Joaquim Loizu,
Matthieu Toussaint,
Rémy Jacquier,
Jérémy Salm,
Philippe Guittienne,
Matias Habib,
Idil Sonmez,
Christopher B. Smiet,
Erol Balkovic,
Rogerio Jorge,
Alan G. Goodman,
Ivo Furno,
Christian Moura,
William Matthey-Dorey,
Steve Couturier,
Frédéric Dolizy
Abstract:
We present the design, construction, and first plasma experiments of Polaris, a new small-scale stellarator experiment (major radius R ~ 0.4 m) located at the Swiss Plasma Center. Polaris consists of a relatively large vacuum vessel (~0.5 m^3) predominantly made of glass windows and inside which different sets of magnetic coils can be installed. A first modular coil configuration has been designed…
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We present the design, construction, and first plasma experiments of Polaris, a new small-scale stellarator experiment (major radius R ~ 0.4 m) located at the Swiss Plasma Center. Polaris consists of a relatively large vacuum vessel (~0.5 m^3) predominantly made of glass windows and inside which different sets of magnetic coils can be installed. A first modular coil configuration has been designed with six identical, circular, water-cooled copper coils toroidally arranged in an optimal way so that they generate a large volume of magnetic surfaces and rotational transform in vacuum (iota ~ 0.3). The total current in each coil goes up to ~ 5 kA, producing a magnetic field on-axis of B ~ 0.03 T. An RF antenna specifically designed to operate in vacuum delivers up to 2.5 kW of power to produce plasma via inductive coupling and electron-impact ionization. We present the engineering solutions adopted for the design of Polaris and illustrate the great experimental flexibility it enables. Time-averaged values and fluctuations of plasma density, electron temperature, and floating potential are measured at various toroidal locations, providing insights into the plasma equilibrium, electrostatic turbulence, and associated transport. The glass vacuum chamber of Polaris additionally provides unprecedented optical access to the entire plasma volume. With its original, flexible design, Polaris is a 'stellarator fish-tank', allowing interchangeable coil sets and exploration of various magnetic configurations. Furthermore, its low-temperature, low-density, high-neutral-pressure plasmas are relevant to stellarator edge physics, making Polaris a first-of-kind testbed for the fundamental investigation of stellarator edge-relevant physics.
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Submitted 28 July, 2026;
originally announced July 2026.
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Computational and Experimental Comparison of CLF5605 and roamx-0201 Martian Helicopter Rotor Airfoils
Authors:
Lidia Caros,
Witold J. F. Koning,
Takayuki Nagata,
Keisuke Asai,
Oliver Buxton,
Natalia Perez Perez,
Ethan A. Romander,
Taku Nonomura,
Haley V. Cummings,
Peter Vincent
Abstract:
This study compares aerodynamic performance of the CLF5605 rotor airfoil -- which flew on Ingenuity from 2021 to 2024 -- with that of a new optimized roamx-0201 airfoil designed for Martian conditions at NASA Ames. Specifically, performance is studied at a Reynolds number of 20,000 and a Mach number of 0.60, across a range of angles of attack, using three independent state-of-the-art methodologies…
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This study compares aerodynamic performance of the CLF5605 rotor airfoil -- which flew on Ingenuity from 2021 to 2024 -- with that of a new optimized roamx-0201 airfoil designed for Martian conditions at NASA Ames. Specifically, performance is studied at a Reynolds number of 20,000 and a Mach number of 0.60, across a range of angles of attack, using three independent state-of-the-art methodologies: implicit large eddy simulations (ILES) using NASA's OVERFLOW solver, direct numerical simulations (DNS) using the high-order GPU-accelerated PyFR solver, and experimental testing in the Mars Wind Tunnel at Tohoku University. Discrepancies between results obtain using the various methodologies are analyzed and explained. Across all methodologies it can be seen that the roamx-0201 airfoil is able to achieve a given lift with less drag compared to the CLF5605 airfoil. Moreover, OVERFLOW and PyFR results show that the roamx-0201 airfoil has superior stall characteristics, and can achieve a maximum lift ~20% higher than that achieved by the CLF5605 airfoil. The work provides a strong body of evidence to support further studies into use of rotors based on the optimized roamx-0201 airfoil for future Mars helicopter missions.
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Submitted 18 November, 2025;
originally announced November 2025.
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PyFR v2.0.3: Towards Industrial Adoption of Scale-Resolving Simulations
Authors:
Freddie D. Witherden,
Peter E. Vincent,
Will Trojak,
Yoshiaki Abe,
Amir Akbarzadeh,
Semih Akkurt,
Mohammad Alhawwary,
Lidia Caros,
Tarik Dzanic,
Giorgio Giangaspero,
Arvind S. Iyer,
Antony Jameson,
Marius Koch,
Niki Loppi,
Sambit Mishra,
Rishit Modi,
Gonzalo Sáez-Mischlich,
Jin Seok Park,
Brian C. Vermeire,
Lai Wang
Abstract:
PyFR is an open-source cross-platform computational fluid dynamics framework based on the high-order Flux Reconstruction approach, specifically designed for undertaking high-accuracy scale-resolving simulations in the vicinity of complex engineering geometries. Since the initial release of PyFR v0.1.0 in 2013, a range of new capabilities have been added to the framework, with a view to enabling in…
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PyFR is an open-source cross-platform computational fluid dynamics framework based on the high-order Flux Reconstruction approach, specifically designed for undertaking high-accuracy scale-resolving simulations in the vicinity of complex engineering geometries. Since the initial release of PyFR v0.1.0 in 2013, a range of new capabilities have been added to the framework, with a view to enabling industrial adoption of the capability. This paper provides details of those enhancements as released in PyFR v2.0.3, explains efforts to grow an engaged developer and user community, and provides latest performance and scaling results on up to 1024 AMD Instinct MI250X accelerators of Frontier at ORNL (each with two GCDs), and up to 2048 NVIDIA GH200 GPUs on Alps at CSCS.
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Submitted 29 August, 2024;
originally announced August 2024.
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Cache Blocking for Flux Reconstruction: Extension to Navier-Stokes Equations and Anti-aliasing
Authors:
Semih Akkurt,
Freddie Witherden,
Peter Vincent
Abstract:
In this article, cache blocking is implemented for the Navier Stokes equations with anti-aliasing support on mixed grids in PyFR for CPUs. In particular, cache blocking is used as an alternative to kernel fusion to eliminate unnecessary data movements between kernels at the main memory level. Specifically, kernels that exchange data are grouped together, and these groups are then executed on small…
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In this article, cache blocking is implemented for the Navier Stokes equations with anti-aliasing support on mixed grids in PyFR for CPUs. In particular, cache blocking is used as an alternative to kernel fusion to eliminate unnecessary data movements between kernels at the main memory level. Specifically, kernels that exchange data are grouped together, and these groups are then executed on small sub-regions of the domain that fit in per-core private data cache. Additionally, cache blocking is also used to efficiently implement a tensor product factorisation of the interpolation operators associated with anti-aliasing. By using cache blocking, the intermediate results between application of the sparse factors are stored in per-core private data cache, and a significant amount of data movement from main memory is avoided. In order to assess the performance gains a theoretical model is developed, and the implementation is benchmarked using a compressible 3D Taylor-Green vortex test case on both hexahedral and prismatic grids, with third- and forth-order solution polynomials. The expected performance gains based on the theoretical model range from 1.99 to 2.62, and the speedups obtained in practice range from 1.67 to 3.67 compared to PyFR v1.11.0.
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Submitted 6 November, 2023;
originally announced January 2024.
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The LHCb upgrade I
Authors:
LHCb collaboration,
R. Aaij,
A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb,
C. Abellan Beteta,
F. Abudinén,
C. Achard,
T. Ackernley,
B. Adeva,
M. Adinolfi,
P. Adlarson,
H. Afsharnia,
C. Agapopoulou,
C. A. Aidala,
Z. Ajaltouni,
S. Akar,
K. Akiba,
P. Albicocco,
J. Albrecht,
F. Alessio,
M. Alexander,
A. Alfonso Albero,
Z. Aliouche,
P. Alvarez Cartelle,
R. Amalric,
S. Amato
, et al. (1298 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The LHCb upgrade represents a major change of the experiment. The detectors have been almost completely renewed to allow running at an instantaneous luminosity five times larger than that of the previous running periods. Readout of all detectors into an all-software trigger is central to the new design, facilitating the reconstruction of events at the maximum LHC interaction rate, and their select…
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The LHCb upgrade represents a major change of the experiment. The detectors have been almost completely renewed to allow running at an instantaneous luminosity five times larger than that of the previous running periods. Readout of all detectors into an all-software trigger is central to the new design, facilitating the reconstruction of events at the maximum LHC interaction rate, and their selection in real time. The experiment's tracking system has been completely upgraded with a new pixel vertex detector, a silicon tracker upstream of the dipole magnet and three scintillating fibre tracking stations downstream of the magnet. The whole photon detection system of the RICH detectors has been renewed and the readout electronics of the calorimeter and muon systems have been fully overhauled. The first stage of the all-software trigger is implemented on a GPU farm. The output of the trigger provides a combination of totally reconstructed physics objects, such as tracks and vertices, ready for final analysis, and of entire events which need further offline reprocessing. This scheme required a complete revision of the computing model and rewriting of the experiment's software.
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Submitted 10 September, 2024; v1 submitted 17 May, 2023;
originally announced May 2023.
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A new paradigm of dissipation-controllable, multi-scale resolving schemes for compressible flows
Authors:
Xi Deng,
Zhen-hua Jiang,
Peter Vincent,
Feng Xiao,
Chao Yan
Abstract:
The scale-resolving simulation of high speed compressible flow through direct numerical simulation (DNS) or large eddy simulation (LES) requires shock-capturing schemes to be more accurate for resolving broadband turbulence and robust for capturing strong shock waves. In this work, we develop a new paradigm of dissipation-controllable, shock capturing scheme to resolve multi-scale flow structures…
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The scale-resolving simulation of high speed compressible flow through direct numerical simulation (DNS) or large eddy simulation (LES) requires shock-capturing schemes to be more accurate for resolving broadband turbulence and robust for capturing strong shock waves. In this work, we develop a new paradigm of dissipation-controllable, shock capturing scheme to resolve multi-scale flow structures in high speed compressible flow. This novel paradigm of shock-capturing scheme is named as PnTm-BVD-CD. The proposed PnTm-BVD-CD scheme has following desirable properties. First, it can capture large-scale discontinuous structures such as strong shock waves without obvious non-physical oscillations while resolving sharp contact, material interface and shear layer. Secondly, the numerical dissipation property of PnTm-BVD-CD can be effectively controlled between n+1 order upwind-biased scheme and non-dissipative n+2 order central scheme through a simple tunable parameter $λ$. Thirdly, with $λ=0.5$ the scheme can recover to n+2 order non-dissipative central interpolation for smooth solution over all wavenumber, which is preferable for solving small-scale structures in DNS as well as resolvable-scale in explicit LES. Finally, the under-resolved small-scale can be solved with dissipation controllable algorithm through so-called implicit LES (ILES) approach.
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Submitted 14 July, 2020;
originally announced July 2020.
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fastMRI: An Open Dataset and Benchmarks for Accelerated MRI
Authors:
Jure Zbontar,
Florian Knoll,
Anuroop Sriram,
Tullie Murrell,
Zhengnan Huang,
Matthew J. Muckley,
Aaron Defazio,
Ruben Stern,
Patricia Johnson,
Mary Bruno,
Marc Parente,
Krzysztof J. Geras,
Joe Katsnelson,
Hersh Chandarana,
Zizhao Zhang,
Michal Drozdzal,
Adriana Romero,
Michael Rabbat,
Pascal Vincent,
Nafissa Yakubova,
James Pinkerton,
Duo Wang,
Erich Owens,
C. Lawrence Zitnick,
Michael P. Recht
, et al. (2 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
Accelerating Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) by taking fewer measurements has the potential to reduce medical costs, minimize stress to patients and make MRI possible in applications where it is currently prohibitively slow or expensive. We introduce the fastMRI dataset, a large-scale collection of both raw MR measurements and clinical MR images, that can be used for training and evaluation of ma…
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Accelerating Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) by taking fewer measurements has the potential to reduce medical costs, minimize stress to patients and make MRI possible in applications where it is currently prohibitively slow or expensive. We introduce the fastMRI dataset, a large-scale collection of both raw MR measurements and clinical MR images, that can be used for training and evaluation of machine-learning approaches to MR image reconstruction. By introducing standardized evaluation criteria and a freely-accessible dataset, our goal is to help the community make rapid advances in the state of the art for MR image reconstruction. We also provide a self-contained introduction to MRI for machine learning researchers with no medical imaging background.
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Submitted 11 December, 2019; v1 submitted 21 November, 2018;
originally announced November 2018.
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Effects of Proton Irradiation on 60 GHz CMOS Transceiver Chip for Multi-Gbps Communication in High-Energy Physics Experiments
Authors:
Imran Aziz,
Dragos Dancila,
Sebastian Dittmeier,
Alexandre Siligaris,
Cedric Dehos,
Patrick M. De Lurgio,
Zelimir Djurcic,
Gary Drake,
Jose Luis G. Jimenez,
Leif Gustaffson,
Do-Won Kim,
Elizabeth Locci,
Ulrich Pfeiffer,
Pedro Rodriquez Vazquez,
Dieter Röhrich,
Andre Schöning,
Hans K. Soltveit,
Kjetil Ullaland,
Pierre Vincent,
Shiming Yang,
Richard Brenner
Abstract:
This paper presents the experimental results of $17~MeV$ proton irradiation on a $60~GHz$ low power, half-duplex transceiver (TRX) chip implemented in $65~nm$ CMOS technology. It supports short range point-to-point data rate up to $6~Gbps$ by employing on-off keying (OOK). To investigate the irradiation hardness for high energy physics applications, two TRX chips were irradiated with total ionizin…
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This paper presents the experimental results of $17~MeV$ proton irradiation on a $60~GHz$ low power, half-duplex transceiver (TRX) chip implemented in $65~nm$ CMOS technology. It supports short range point-to-point data rate up to $6~Gbps$ by employing on-off keying (OOK). To investigate the irradiation hardness for high energy physics applications, two TRX chips were irradiated with total ionizing doses (TID) of $74~kGy$ and $42~kGy$ and fluence of $1.4~\times$10$^{14}~ N_{eq}/cm^2$ and $0.8~\times$10$^{14}~N_{eq}/cm^2$ for RX and TX modes, respectively. The chips were characterized by pre- and post-irradiation analogue voltage measurements on different circuit blocks as well as through the analysis of wireless transmission parameters like bit error rate (BER), eye diagram, jitter etc. Post-irradiation measurements have shown certain reduction in performance but both TRX chips have been found operational through over the air measurements at $5~Gbps$. Moreover, very small shift in the carrier frequency was observed after the irradiation.
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Submitted 12 June, 2019; v1 submitted 28 October, 2018;
originally announced October 2018.
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Quality factor enhancement of Nano electromechanical systems by capacitive driving beyond the resonance
Authors:
T Barois,
S Perisanu,
P Poncharal,
Philippe Vincent,
A Ayari
Abstract:
Nano electromechanical systems are considered as ultra sensitive devices for mass and force detection. Capacitive actuation is widely used in these devices but is known to degrade the quality factor of the resonator due to DC electrostatic damping. We report the enhancement of the quality factor of SiC vibrating nanowires detected nano optomechanically and electrically by applying an AC capacitive…
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Nano electromechanical systems are considered as ultra sensitive devices for mass and force detection. Capacitive actuation is widely used in these devices but is known to degrade the quality factor of the resonator due to DC electrostatic damping. We report the enhancement of the quality factor of SiC vibrating nanowires detected nano optomechanically and electrically by applying an AC capacitive driving at a frequency above both the resonance frequency and the electrical cutoff frequency. Self-oscillations are demonstrated for optimal conditions. We developed an analytical model of the phenomenon and showed that it can lead to an improvement of the force sensitivity. * anthony.ayari@univ-lyon1.fr 1
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Submitted 14 June, 2016;
originally announced June 2016.
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Development of Wireless Techniques in Data and Power Transmission - Application for Particle Physics Detectors
Authors:
R. Brenner,
S. Ceuterickx,
C. Dehos,
P. De Lurgio,
Z. Djurcic,
G. Drake,
J. L. Gonzalez Gimenez,
L. Gustafsson,
D. W. Kim,
E. Locci,
D. Roehrich,
A. Schoening,
A. Siligaris,
H. K. Soltveit,
K. Ullaland,
P. Vincent,
D. Wiednert,
S. Yang
Abstract:
Wireless techniques have developed extremely fast over the last decade and using them for data and power transmission in particle physics detectors is not science- fiction any more. During the last years several research groups have independently thought of making it a reality. Wireless techniques became a mature field for research and new developments might have impact on future particle physics…
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Wireless techniques have developed extremely fast over the last decade and using them for data and power transmission in particle physics detectors is not science- fiction any more. During the last years several research groups have independently thought of making it a reality. Wireless techniques became a mature field for research and new developments might have impact on future particle physics experiments. The Instrumentation Frontier was set up as a part of the SnowMass 2013 Community Summer Study [1] to examine the instrumentation R&D for the particle physics research over the coming decades: « To succeed we need to make technical and scientific innovation a priority in the field ». Wireless data transmission was identified as one of the innovations that could revolutionize the transmission of data out of the detector. Power delivery was another challenge mentioned in the same report. We propose a collaboration to identify the specific needs of different projects that might benefit from wireless techniques. The objective is to provide a common platform for research and development in order to optimize effectiveness and cost, with the aim of designing and testing wireless demonstrators for large instrumentation systems.
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Submitted 18 November, 2015;
originally announced November 2015.
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Heterogeneous Computing on Mixed Unstructured Grids with PyFR
Authors:
F. D. Witherden,
B. C. Vermeire,
P. E. Vincent
Abstract:
PyFR is an open-source high-order accurate computational fluid dynamics solver for mixed unstructured grids that can target a range of hardware platforms from a single codebase. In this paper we demonstrate the ability of PyFR to perform high-order accurate unsteady simulations of flow on mixed unstructured grids using heterogeneous multi-node hardware. Specifically, after benchmarking single-node…
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PyFR is an open-source high-order accurate computational fluid dynamics solver for mixed unstructured grids that can target a range of hardware platforms from a single codebase. In this paper we demonstrate the ability of PyFR to perform high-order accurate unsteady simulations of flow on mixed unstructured grids using heterogeneous multi-node hardware. Specifically, after benchmarking single-node performance for various platforms, PyFR v0.2.2 is used to undertake simulations of unsteady flow over a circular cylinder at Reynolds number 3 900 using a mixed unstructured grid of prismatic and tetrahedral elements on a desktop workstation containing an Intel Xeon E5-2697 v2 CPU, an NVIDIA Tesla K40c GPU, and an AMD FirePro W9100 GPU. Both the performance and accuracy of PyFR are assessed. PyFR v0.2.2 is freely available under a 3-Clause New Style BSD license (see www.pyfr.org).
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Submitted 1 September, 2014;
originally announced September 2014.
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Bidimensional nano-optomechanics and topological backaction in a non-conservative radiation force field
Authors:
Arnaud Gloppe,
Pierre Verlot,
Eva Dupont-Ferrier,
Alessandro Siria,
Philippe Poncharal,
Guillaume Bachelier,
Pascal Vincent,
Olivier Arcizet
Abstract:
Optomechanics, which explores the fundamental coupling between light and mechanical motion, has made important advances in both exploring and manipulating macroscopic mechanical oscillators down to the quantum level. However, dynamical effects related to the vectorial nature of the optomechanical interaction remain to be investigated. Here we study a nanowire with sub-wavelength dimensions strongl…
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Optomechanics, which explores the fundamental coupling between light and mechanical motion, has made important advances in both exploring and manipulating macroscopic mechanical oscillators down to the quantum level. However, dynamical effects related to the vectorial nature of the optomechanical interaction remain to be investigated. Here we study a nanowire with sub-wavelength dimensions strongly coupled to a tightly focused beam of light, enabling ultrasensitive readout of the nanoresonators dynamics. We experimentally determine the vectorial structure of the optomechanical interaction and demonstrate that bidimensional dynamical backaction governs the nanowire dynamics. Moreover, the non-conservative topology of the optomechanical interaction is responsible for a novel canonical signature of strong coupling between the nanoresonator mechanical modes, leading to a topological instability. These results have a universal character and illustrate the increased sensitivity of nanomechanical devices towards topologically varying interactions, opening fundamental perspectives in nanomechanics, optomechanics, ultrasensitive scanning probe force microscopy and nano-optics.
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Submitted 27 January, 2014;
originally announced January 2014.
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Role of fluctuations and nonlinearities on field emission nanomechanical self-oscillators
Authors:
Thomas Barois,
S. Perisanu,
Anthony AYARI,
Stephen T. Purcell,
Pascal Vincent
Abstract:
A theoretical and experimental description of the threshold, amplitude, and stability of a self-oscillating nanowire in a field emission configuration is presented. Two thresholds for the onset of self-oscillation are identified, one induced by fluctuations of the electromagnetic environment and a second revealed by these fluctuations by measuring the probability density function of the current. T…
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A theoretical and experimental description of the threshold, amplitude, and stability of a self-oscillating nanowire in a field emission configuration is presented. Two thresholds for the onset of self-oscillation are identified, one induced by fluctuations of the electromagnetic environment and a second revealed by these fluctuations by measuring the probability density function of the current. The ac and dc components of the current and the phase stability are quantified. An ac to dc ratio above 100% and an Allan deviation of 1.3x10-5 at room temperature can be attained. Finally, it is shown that a simple nonlinear model cannot describe the equilibrium effective potential in the self-oscillating regime due to the high amplitude of oscillations.
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Submitted 11 December, 2013;
originally announced December 2013.
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PyFR: An Open Source Framework for Solving Advection-Diffusion Type Problems on Streaming Architectures using the Flux Reconstruction Approach
Authors:
Freddie D Witherden,
Antony M Farrington,
Peter E Vincent
Abstract:
High-order numerical methods for unstructured grids combine the superior accuracy of high-order spectral or finite difference methods with the geometric flexibility of low-order finite volume or finite element schemes. The Flux Reconstruction (FR) approach unifies various high-order schemes for unstructured grids within a single framework. Additionally, the FR approach exhibits a significant degre…
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High-order numerical methods for unstructured grids combine the superior accuracy of high-order spectral or finite difference methods with the geometric flexibility of low-order finite volume or finite element schemes. The Flux Reconstruction (FR) approach unifies various high-order schemes for unstructured grids within a single framework. Additionally, the FR approach exhibits a significant degree of element locality, and is thus able to run efficiently on modern streaming architectures, such as Graphical Processing Units (GPUs). The aforementioned properties of FR mean it offers a promising route to performing affordable, and hence industrially relevant, scale-resolving simulations of hitherto intractable unsteady flows within the vicinity of real-world engineering geometries. In this paper we present PyFR, an open-source Python based framework for solving advection-diffusion type problems on streaming architectures using the FR approach. The framework is designed to solve a range of governing systems on mixed unstructured grids containing various element types. It is also designed to target a range of hardware platforms via use of an in-built domain specific language based on the Mako templating engine. The current release of PyFR is able to solve the compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations on grids of quadrilateral and triangular elements in two dimensions, and hexahedral elements in three dimensions, targeting clusters of CPUs, and NVIDIA GPUs. Results are presented for various benchmark flow problems, single-node performance is discussed, and scalability of the code is demonstrated on up to 104 NVIDIA M2090 GPUs. The software is freely available under a 3-Clause New Style BSD license (see www.pyfr.org).
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Submitted 7 May, 2014; v1 submitted 5 December, 2013;
originally announced December 2013.
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The camera of the fifth H.E.S.S. telescope. Part I: System description
Authors:
J. Bolmont,
P. Corona,
P. Gauron,
P. Ghislain,
C. Goffin,
L. Guevara Riveros,
J. -F. Huppert,
O. Martineau-Huynh,
P. Nayman,
J. -M. Parraud,
J. -P. Tavernet,
F. Toussenel,
D. Vincent,
P. Vincent,
W. Bertoli,
P. Espigat,
M. Punch,
D. Besin,
E. Delagnes,
J. -F. Glicenstein,
Y. Moudden,
P. Venault,
H. Zaghia,
L. Brunetti,
P. -Y. David
, et al. (32 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
In July 2012, as the four ground-based gamma-ray telescopes of the H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) array reached their tenth year of operation in Khomas Highlands, Namibia, a fifth telescope took its first data as part of the system. This new Cherenkov detector, comprising a 614.5 m^2 reflector with a highly pixelized camera in its focal plane, improves the sensitivity of the current ar…
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In July 2012, as the four ground-based gamma-ray telescopes of the H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) array reached their tenth year of operation in Khomas Highlands, Namibia, a fifth telescope took its first data as part of the system. This new Cherenkov detector, comprising a 614.5 m^2 reflector with a highly pixelized camera in its focal plane, improves the sensitivity of the current array by a factor two and extends its energy domain down to a few tens of GeV.
The present part I of the paper gives a detailed description of the fifth H.E.S.S. telescope's camera, presenting the details of both the hardware and the software, emphasizing the main improvements as compared to previous H.E.S.S. camera technology.
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Submitted 26 May, 2014; v1 submitted 22 October, 2013;
originally announced October 2013.
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The T2K Experiment
Authors:
T2K Collaboration,
K. Abe,
N. Abgrall,
H. Aihara,
Y. Ajima,
J. B. Albert,
D. Allan,
P. -A. Amaudruz,
C. Andreopoulos,
B. Andrieu,
M. D. Anerella,
C. Angelsen,
S. Aoki,
O. Araoka,
J. Argyriades,
A. Ariga,
T. Ariga,
S. Assylbekov,
J. P. A. M. de André,
D. Autiero,
A. Badertscher,
O. Ballester,
M. Barbi,
G. J. Barker,
P. Baron
, et al. (499 additional authors not shown)
Abstract:
The T2K experiment is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. Its main goal is to measure the last unknown lepton sector mixing angle θ_{13} by observing ν_e appearance in a ν_μ beam. It also aims to make a precision measurement of the known oscillation parameters, Δm^{2}_{23} and sin^{2} 2θ_{23}, via ν_μ disappearance studies. Other goals of the experiment include various neutrino cross…
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The T2K experiment is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. Its main goal is to measure the last unknown lepton sector mixing angle θ_{13} by observing ν_e appearance in a ν_μ beam. It also aims to make a precision measurement of the known oscillation parameters, Δm^{2}_{23} and sin^{2} 2θ_{23}, via ν_μ disappearance studies. Other goals of the experiment include various neutrino cross section measurements and sterile neutrino searches. The experiment uses an intense proton beam generated by the J-PARC accelerator in Tokai, Japan, and is composed of a neutrino beamline, a near detector complex (ND280), and a far detector (Super-Kamiokande) located 295 km away from J-PARC. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the instrumentation aspect of the T2K experiment and a summary of the vital information for each subsystem.
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Submitted 8 June, 2011; v1 submitted 6 June, 2011;
originally announced June 2011.