Showing 1–50 of 53 results for author: Edmunds, D

Operation and performance of ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon time projection chamber

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, S. Abbaslu, F. Abd Alrahman, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, L. P. Accorsi, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, K. Adhikari, C. Adriano, K. Agudelo-Jaramillo, F. Akbar, F. Alemanno, N. S. Alex, L. Aliaga Soplin, A. Alqaisi, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, A. Aman, H. Amar, R. Amarinei , et al. (1341 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: ProtoDUNE-DP was the largest ever built Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) operating in Dual-Phase (DP) mode, with a liquid target and charge read-out placed in the gas. It had an active volume of $6\times6\times6$\,m$^3$ corresponding to an active mass of 300\,t (total LAr mass of 720\,t), constructed at the CERN Neutrino Platform and took data from 2019 to 2020 with cosmic muons. In P… ▽ More ProtoDUNE-DP was the largest ever built Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) operating in Dual-Phase (DP) mode, with a liquid target and charge read-out placed in the gas. It had an active volume of $6\times6\times6$\,m$^3$ corresponding to an active mass of 300\,t (total LAr mass of 720\,t), constructed at the CERN Neutrino Platform and took data from 2019 to 2020 with cosmic muons. In ProtoDUNE-DP the electric drift field is oriented in the vertical direction, causing the electrons to drift vertically towards the anode at the top. The ionization charge is then extracted into the gaseous argon above the liquid surface, amplified by Townsend avalanches, and collected by the charge readout planes. The detector experienced significant technical problems affecting the long-term operation of the Charge Readout Planes, formed by the Large Electron Multipliers, but other critical segments demonstrated required performance including the delivery of -300 kV to the TPC cathode, verification of replaceable charge read-out electronics, and operation of the photon detection system. ProtoDUNE-DP experience resulted in improved designs of the Vertical Drift LArTPC. △ Less

Submitted 21 July, 2026; v1 submitted 17 July, 2026; originally announced July 2026.

Comments: 103 pages, 66 figures

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-26-0466-LBNF

Charge readout electronics for the DUNE horizontal drift far detector: design and performance in ProtoDUNE-HD

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, S. Abbaslu, F. Abd Alrahman, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, L. P. Accorsi, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, K. Adhikari, C. Adriano, K. Agudelo-Jaramillo, F. Akbar, F. Alemanno, N. S. Alex, L. Aliaga Soplin, A. Alqaisi, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, A. Aman, H. Amar, R. Amarinei , et al. (1346 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment currently under construction, whose far detectors will be the largest liquid argon time projection chambers ever built. This detector design calls for custom-built cryogenic front-end electronics to meet its performance requirements. This paper describes the charge readout electronics that will be used i… ▽ More DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment currently under construction, whose far detectors will be the largest liquid argon time projection chambers ever built. This detector design calls for custom-built cryogenic front-end electronics to meet its performance requirements. This paper describes the charge readout electronics that will be used in the DUNE horizontal drift (HD) far detector and presents performance results using data from the ProtoDUNE-HD detector, a 770 ton liquid argon time projection chamber operated at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2024 that served as the final prototype of the DUNE HD design. △ Less

Submitted 12 August, 2026; v1 submitted 26 April, 2026; originally announced April 2026.

Comments: Accepted version

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-26-0270-LBNF, CERN-EP-2026-128

Journal ref: JINST 21 (2026) P08018

Operation of a Modular 3D-Pixelated Liquid Argon Time-Projection Chamber in a Neutrino Beam

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, S. Abbaslu, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, L. P. Accorsi, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, C. Adriano, F. Akbar, F. Alemanno, N. S. Alex, K. Allison, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, A. Aman, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D. A. Andrade, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andreotti , et al. (1299 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The 2x2 Demonstrator, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) liquid argon (LAr) Near Detector, was exposed to the Neutrinos from the Main Injector (NuMI) neutrino beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). This detector prototypes a new modular design for a liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC), comprised of a two-by-two array of four modules, each f… ▽ More The 2x2 Demonstrator, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) liquid argon (LAr) Near Detector, was exposed to the Neutrinos from the Main Injector (NuMI) neutrino beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). This detector prototypes a new modular design for a liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC), comprised of a two-by-two array of four modules, each further segmented into two optically-isolated LArTPCs. The 2x2 Demonstrator features a number of pioneering technologies, including a low-profile resistive field shell to establish drift fields, native 3D ionization pixelated imaging, and a high-coverage dielectric light readout system. The 2.4 tonne active mass detector is flanked upstream and downstream by supplemental solid-scintillator tracking planes, repurposed from the MINERvA experiment, which track ionizing particles exiting the argon volume. The antineutrino beam data collected by the detector over a 4.5 day period in 2024 include over 30,000 neutrino interactions in the LAr active volume-the first neutrino interactions reported by a DUNE detector prototype. During its physics-quality run, the 2x2 Demonstrator operated at a nominal drift field of 500 V/cm and maintained good LAr purity, with a stable electron lifetime of approximately 1.25 ms. This paper describes the detector and supporting systems, summarizes the installation and commissioning, and presents the initial validation of collected NuMI beam and off-beam self-triggers. In addition, it highlights observed interactions in the detector volume, including candidate muon anti-neutrino events. △ Less

Submitted 17 June, 2026; v1 submitted 6 September, 2025; originally announced September 2025.

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-25-0537-LBNF

Journal ref: Instruments 2026, 10(1), 18

The EPR Paradox of Quantum Mechanics in the Light of Four Unpublished Letters between A. Einstein and the Mathematician J. L. B. Cooper

Authors: P. L. Butzer, D. E. Edmunds, G. Roepstorff, G. Schmeisser, R. L. Stens

Abstract: This paper presents correspondence between Albert Einstein and the mathematical analyst J. L. B. Cooper on the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox of quantum theory published in 1935. Two letters written by Cooper, and the replies from Einstein, all written between October and December 1949, are retyped from the original ones. Furthermore, Einstein's second letter, which he wrote in German, is t… ▽ More This paper presents correspondence between Albert Einstein and the mathematical analyst J. L. B. Cooper on the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox of quantum theory published in 1935. Two letters written by Cooper, and the replies from Einstein, all written between October and December 1949, are retyped from the original ones. Furthermore, Einstein's second letter, which he wrote in German, is translated into English. The lack of agreement, arising from very different points of view, is analysed, taking into account the complex underlying mathematical and physical factors that arise naturally in connection with the EPR paradox. △ Less

Submitted 1 July, 2025; originally announced July 2025.

Comments: 15 pages, 1 figure

Spatial and Temporal Evaluations of the Liquid Argon Purity in ProtoDUNE-SP

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, S. Abbaslu, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, L. P. Accorsi, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, C. Adriano, F. Akbar, F. Alemanno, N. S. Alex, K. Allison, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, A. Aman, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D. A. Andrade, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andreotti , et al. (1301 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) rely on highly pure argon to ensure that ionization electrons produced by charged particles reach readout arrays. ProtoDUNE Single-Phase (ProtoDUNE-SP) was an approximately 700-ton liquid argon detector intended to prototype the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Far Detector Horizontal Drift module. It contains two drift volumes bisected by… ▽ More Liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) rely on highly pure argon to ensure that ionization electrons produced by charged particles reach readout arrays. ProtoDUNE Single-Phase (ProtoDUNE-SP) was an approximately 700-ton liquid argon detector intended to prototype the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Far Detector Horizontal Drift module. It contains two drift volumes bisected by the cathode plane assembly, which is biased to create an almost uniform electric field in both volumes. The DUNE Far Detector modules must have robust cryogenic systems capable of filtering argon and supplying the TPC with clean liquid. This paper will explore comparisons of the argon purity measured by the purity monitors with those measured using muons in the TPC from October 2018 to November 2018. A new method is introduced to measure the liquid argon purity in the TPC using muons crossing both drift volumes of ProtoDUNE-SP. For extended periods on the timescale of weeks, the drift electron lifetime was measured to be above 30 ms using both systems. A particular focus will be placed on the measured purity of argon as a function of position in the detector. △ Less

Submitted 27 August, 2025; v1 submitted 11 July, 2025; originally announced July 2025.

Report number: CERN-EP-2025-157, FERMILAB-PUB-25-0445-V

Journal ref: JINST (2025) 20 P09008

European Contributions to Fermilab Accelerator Upgrades and Facilities for the DUNE Experiment

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, F. Akbar, F. Alemanno, N. S. Alex, K. Allison, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, A. Aman, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D. A. Andrade , et al. (1322 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Proton Improvement Plan (PIP-II) to the FNAL accelerator chain and the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will provide the world's most intense neutrino beam to the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) enabling a wide-ranging physics program. This document outlines the significant contributions made by European national laboratories and institutes towards realizing the first phase o… ▽ More The Proton Improvement Plan (PIP-II) to the FNAL accelerator chain and the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will provide the world's most intense neutrino beam to the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) enabling a wide-ranging physics program. This document outlines the significant contributions made by European national laboratories and institutes towards realizing the first phase of the project with a 1.2 MW neutrino beam. Construction of this first phase is well underway. For DUNE Phase II, this will be closely followed by an upgrade of the beam power to > 2 MW, for which the European groups again have a key role and which will require the continued support of the European community for machine aspects of neutrino physics. Beyond the neutrino beam aspects, LBNF is also responsible for providing unique infrastructure to install and operate the DUNE neutrino detectors at FNAL and at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF). The cryostats for the first two Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber detector modules at SURF, a contribution of CERN to LBNF, are central to the success of the ongoing execution of DUNE Phase I. Likewise, successful and timely procurement of cryostats for two additional detector modules at SURF will be critical to the success of DUNE Phase II and the overall physics program. The DUNE Collaboration is submitting four main contributions to the 2026 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics process. This paper is being submitted to the 'Accelerator technologies' and 'Projects and Large Experiments' streams. Additional inputs related to the DUNE science program, DUNE detector technologies and R&D, and DUNE software and computing, are also being submitted to other streams. △ Less

Submitted 31 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

Comments: Submitted to the 2026 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics

DUNE Software and Computing Research and Development

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, F. Akbar, F. Alemanno, N. S. Alex, K. Allison, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, A. Aman, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D. A. Andrade , et al. (1322 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy toward the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The ambitious physics program of Phase I and Phase II of DUNE is dependent upon deployment and utilization of significant computing res… ▽ More The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy toward the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The ambitious physics program of Phase I and Phase II of DUNE is dependent upon deployment and utilization of significant computing resources, and successful research and development of software (both infrastructure and algorithmic) in order to achieve these scientific goals. This submission discusses the computing resources projections, infrastructure support, and software development needed for DUNE during the coming decades as an input to the European Strategy for Particle Physics Update for 2026. The DUNE collaboration is submitting four main contributions to the 2026 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics process. This submission to the 'Computing' stream focuses on DUNE software and computing. Additional inputs related to the DUNE science program, DUNE detector technologies and R&D, and European contributions to Fermilab accelerator upgrades and facilities for the DUNE experiment, are also being submitted to other streams. △ Less

Submitted 31 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

Comments: Submitted to the 2026 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics

The DUNE Phase II Detectors

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, F. Akbar, F. Alemanno, N. S. Alex, K. Allison, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, A. Aman, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D. A. Andrade , et al. (1322 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy for the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The 2023 report of the US Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) reaffirmed this vision and strongly endorsed DUNE Phase I and… ▽ More The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy for the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The 2023 report of the US Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) reaffirmed this vision and strongly endorsed DUNE Phase I and Phase II, as did the previous European Strategy for Particle Physics. The construction of DUNE Phase I is well underway. DUNE Phase II consists of a third and fourth far detector module, an upgraded near detector complex, and an enhanced > 2 MW beam. The fourth FD module is conceived as a 'Module of Opportunity', aimed at supporting the core DUNE science program while also expanding the physics opportunities with more advanced technologies. The DUNE collaboration is submitting four main contributions to the 2026 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics process. This submission to the 'Detector instrumentation' stream focuses on technologies and R&D for the DUNE Phase II detectors. Additional inputs related to the DUNE science program, DUNE software and computing, and European contributions to Fermilab accelerator upgrades and facilities for the DUNE experiment, are also being submitted to other streams. △ Less

Submitted 29 March, 2025; originally announced March 2025.

Comments: Submitted to the 2026 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics

The track-length extension fitting algorithm for energy measurement of interacting particles in liquid argon TPCs and its performance with ProtoDUNE-SP data

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, F. Akbar, N. S. Alex, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos , et al. (1348 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This paper introduces a novel track-length extension fitting algorithm for measuring the kinetic energies of inelastically interacting particles in liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs). The algorithm finds the most probable offset in track length for a track-like object by comparing the measured ionization density as a function of position with a theoretical prediction of the energy los… ▽ More This paper introduces a novel track-length extension fitting algorithm for measuring the kinetic energies of inelastically interacting particles in liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs). The algorithm finds the most probable offset in track length for a track-like object by comparing the measured ionization density as a function of position with a theoretical prediction of the energy loss as a function of the energy, including models of electron recombination and detector response. The algorithm can be used to measure the energies of particles that interact before they stop, such as charged pions that are absorbed by argon nuclei. The algorithm's energy measurement resolutions and fractional biases are presented as functions of particle kinetic energy and number of track hits using samples of stopping secondary charged pions in data collected by the ProtoDUNE-SP detector, and also in a detailed simulation. Additional studies describe the impact of the dE/dx model on energy measurement performance. The method described in this paper to characterize the energy measurement performance can be repeated in any LArTPC experiment using stopping secondary charged pions. △ Less

Submitted 26 December, 2024; v1 submitted 26 September, 2024; originally announced September 2024.

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-24-0561-LBNF-PPD, CERN-EP-2024-256

DUNE Phase II: Scientific Opportunities, Detector Concepts, Technological Solutions

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, F. Akbar, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andreotti , et al. (1347 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy toward the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The 2023 report of the US Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) reaffirmed this vision and strongly endorsed DUNE Phase I… ▽ More The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy toward the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The 2023 report of the US Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) reaffirmed this vision and strongly endorsed DUNE Phase I and Phase II, as did the European Strategy for Particle Physics. While the construction of the DUNE Phase I is well underway, this White Paper focuses on DUNE Phase II planning. DUNE Phase-II consists of a third and fourth far detector (FD) module, an upgraded near detector complex, and an enhanced 2.1 MW beam. The fourth FD module is conceived as a "Module of Opportunity", aimed at expanding the physics opportunities, in addition to supporting the core DUNE science program, with more advanced technologies. This document highlights the increased science opportunities offered by the DUNE Phase II near and far detectors, including long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics, neutrino astrophysics, and physics beyond the standard model. It describes the DUNE Phase II near and far detector technologies and detector design concepts that are currently under consideration. A summary of key R&D goals and prototyping phases needed to realize the Phase II detector technical designs is also provided. DUNE's Phase II detectors, along with the increased beam power, will complete the full scope of DUNE, enabling a multi-decadal program of groundbreaking science with neutrinos. △ Less

Submitted 22 August, 2024; originally announced August 2024.

Report number: FERMILAB-TM-2833-LBNF

First Measurement of the Total Inelastic Cross-Section of Positively-Charged Kaons on Argon at Energies Between 5.0 and 7.5 GeV

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, F. Akbar, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andreotti , et al. (1341 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: ProtoDUNE Single-Phase (ProtoDUNE-SP) is a 770-ton liquid argon time projection chamber that operated in a hadron test beam at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2018. We present a measurement of the total inelastic cross section of charged kaons on argon as a function of kaon energy using 6 and 7 GeV/$c$ beam momentum settings. The flux-weighted average of the extracted inelastic cross section at each… ▽ More ProtoDUNE Single-Phase (ProtoDUNE-SP) is a 770-ton liquid argon time projection chamber that operated in a hadron test beam at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2018. We present a measurement of the total inelastic cross section of charged kaons on argon as a function of kaon energy using 6 and 7 GeV/$c$ beam momentum settings. The flux-weighted average of the extracted inelastic cross section at each beam momentum setting was measured to be 380$\pm$26 mbarns for the 6 GeV/$c$ setting and 379$\pm$35 mbarns for the 7 GeV/$c$ setting. △ Less

Submitted 1 August, 2024; originally announced August 2024.

Report number: CERN-EP-2024-211, FERMILAB-PUB-24-0216-V

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 110, (2024) 092011

Supernova Pointing Capabilities of DUNE

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, B. Aimard, F. Akbar, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D. A. Andrade , et al. (1340 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The determination of the direction of a stellar core collapse via its neutrino emission is crucial for the identification of the progenitor for a multimessenger follow-up. A highly effective method of reconstructing supernova directions within the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is introduced. The supernova neutrino pointing resolution is studied by simulating and reconstructing electr… ▽ More The determination of the direction of a stellar core collapse via its neutrino emission is crucial for the identification of the progenitor for a multimessenger follow-up. A highly effective method of reconstructing supernova directions within the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is introduced. The supernova neutrino pointing resolution is studied by simulating and reconstructing electron-neutrino charged-current absorption on 40Ar and elastic scattering of neutrinos on electrons. Procedures to reconstruct individual interactions, including a newly developed technique called ``brems flipping'', as well as the burst direction from an ensemble of interactions are described. Performance of the burst direction reconstruction is evaluated for supernovae happening at a distance of 10 kpc for a specific supernova burst flux model. The pointing resolution is found to be 3.4 degrees at 68% coverage for a perfect interaction-channel classification and a fiducial mass of 40 kton, and 6.6 degrees for a 10 kton fiducial mass respectively. Assuming a 4% rate of charged-current interactions being misidentified as elastic scattering, DUNE's burst pointing resolution is found to be 4.3 degrees (8.7 degrees) at 68% coverage. △ Less

Submitted 24 December, 2025; v1 submitted 14 July, 2024; originally announced July 2024.

Comments: 26 pages, 17 figures

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-24-0319-LBNF

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 111, 092006 (Published 12 May, 2025)

Performance of a modular ton-scale pixel-readout liquid argon time projection chamber

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, B. Aimard, F. Akbar, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, T. Alves, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D. A. Andrade , et al. (1340 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Module-0 Demonstrator is a single-phase 600 kg liquid argon time projection chamber operated as a prototype for the DUNE liquid argon near detector. Based on the ArgonCube design concept, Module-0 features a novel 80k-channel pixelated charge readout and advanced high-coverage photon detection system. In this paper, we present an analysis of an eight-day data set consisting of 25 million cosmi… ▽ More The Module-0 Demonstrator is a single-phase 600 kg liquid argon time projection chamber operated as a prototype for the DUNE liquid argon near detector. Based on the ArgonCube design concept, Module-0 features a novel 80k-channel pixelated charge readout and advanced high-coverage photon detection system. In this paper, we present an analysis of an eight-day data set consisting of 25 million cosmic ray events collected in the spring of 2021. We use this sample to demonstrate the imaging performance of the charge and light readout systems as well as the signal correlations between the two. We also report argon purity and detector uniformity measurements, and provide comparisons to detector simulations. △ Less

Submitted 5 March, 2024; originally announced March 2024.

Comments: 47 pages, 41 figures

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-24-0073-LBNF

Doping Liquid Argon with Xenon in ProtoDUNE Single-Phase: Effects on Scintillation Light

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, B. Aimard, F. Akbar, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, H. Amar Es-sghir, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D. A. Andrade, C. Andreopoulos , et al. (1297 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Doping of liquid argon TPCs (LArTPCs) with a small concentration of xenon is a technique for light-shifting and facilitates the detection of the liquid argon scintillation light. In this paper, we present the results of the first doping test ever performed in a kiloton-scale LArTPC. From February to May 2020, we carried out this special run in the single-phase DUNE Far Detector prototype (ProtoDUN… ▽ More Doping of liquid argon TPCs (LArTPCs) with a small concentration of xenon is a technique for light-shifting and facilitates the detection of the liquid argon scintillation light. In this paper, we present the results of the first doping test ever performed in a kiloton-scale LArTPC. From February to May 2020, we carried out this special run in the single-phase DUNE Far Detector prototype (ProtoDUNE-SP) at CERN, featuring 720 t of total liquid argon mass with 410 t of fiducial mass. A 5.4 ppm nitrogen contamination was present during the xenon doping campaign. The goal of the run was to measure the light and charge response of the detector to the addition of xenon, up to a concentration of 18.8 ppm. The main purpose was to test the possibility for reduction of non-uniformities in light collection, caused by deployment of photon detectors only within the anode planes. Light collection was analysed as a function of the xenon concentration, by using the pre-existing photon detection system (PDS) of ProtoDUNE-SP and an additional smaller set-up installed specifically for this run. In this paper we first summarize our current understanding of the argon-xenon energy transfer process and the impact of the presence of nitrogen in argon with and without xenon dopant. We then describe the key elements of ProtoDUNE-SP and the injection method deployed. Two dedicated photon detectors were able to collect the light produced by xenon and the total light. The ratio of these components was measured to be about 0.65 as 18.8 ppm of xenon were injected. We performed studies of the collection efficiency as a function of the distance between tracks and light detectors, demonstrating enhanced uniformity of response for the anode-mounted PDS. We also show that xenon doping can substantially recover light losses due to contamination of the liquid argon by nitrogen. △ Less

Submitted 2 August, 2024; v1 submitted 2 February, 2024; originally announced February 2024.

Comments: 36 pages, 20 figures. Corrected author list; corrected typos across paper and polished text

Report number: CERN-EP-2024-024; FERMILAB-PUB-23-0819-LBNF

Journal ref: JINST 19 P08005 (2024)

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, B. Aimard, F. Akbar, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, H. Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D. A. Andrade, C. Andreopoulos , et al. (1304 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: DUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precisi… ▽ More DUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals. △ Less

Submitted 5 December, 2023; originally announced December 2023.

Comments: 425 pages; 281 figures Central editing team: A. Heavey, S. Kettell, A. Marchionni, S. Palestini, S. Rajogopalan, R. J. Wilson

Report number: Fermilab Report no: TM-2813-LBNF

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, B. Aimard, F. Akbar, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, P. Amedo, J. Anderson , et al. (1282 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we pr… ▽ More The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype. △ Less

Submitted 28 February, 2023; v1 submitted 19 December, 2022; originally announced December 2022.

Comments: 26 pages, 15 figures

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-22-926-LBNF

Journal ref: JINST 2023 18 P04034

Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, B. Aimard, F. Akbar, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, P. Amedo, J. Anderson , et al. (1235 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Measurements of electrons from $ν_e$ interactions are crucial for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) neutrino oscillation program, as well as searches for physics beyond the standard model, supernova neutrino detection, and solar neutrino measurements. This article describes the selection and reconstruction of low-energy (Michel) electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector. ProtoDUNE-SP is… ▽ More Measurements of electrons from $ν_e$ interactions are crucial for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) neutrino oscillation program, as well as searches for physics beyond the standard model, supernova neutrino detection, and solar neutrino measurements. This article describes the selection and reconstruction of low-energy (Michel) electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector. ProtoDUNE-SP is one of the prototypes for the DUNE far detector, built and operated at CERN as a charged particle test beam experiment. A sample of low-energy electrons produced by the decay of cosmic muons is selected with a purity of 95%. This sample is used to calibrate the low-energy electron energy scale with two techniques. An electron energy calibration based on a cosmic ray muon sample uses calibration constants derived from measured and simulated cosmic ray muon events. Another calibration technique makes use of the theoretically well-understood Michel electron energy spectrum to convert reconstructed charge to electron energy. In addition, the effects of detector response to low-energy electron energy scale and its resolution including readout electronics threshold effects are quantified. Finally, the relation between the theoretical and reconstructed low-energy electron energy spectrum is derived and the energy resolution is characterized. The low-energy electron selection presented here accounts for about 75% of the total electron deposited energy. After the addition of lost energy using a Monte Carlo simulation, the energy resolution improves from about 40% to 25% at 50~MeV. These results are used to validate the expected capabilities of the DUNE far detector to reconstruct low-energy electrons. △ Less

Submitted 31 May, 2023; v1 submitted 2 November, 2022; originally announced November 2022.

Comments: 19 pages, 10 figures

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-22-784, CERN-EP-DRAFT-MISC-2022-008

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 107, 092012 (2023)

Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, B. Aimard, F. Akbar, B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. AlRashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, P. Amedo , et al. (1203 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a char… ▽ More The Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/$c$ charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1$\pm0.6$% and 84.1$\pm0.6$%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation. △ Less

Submitted 17 July, 2023; v1 submitted 29 June, 2022; originally announced June 2022.

Comments: 39 pages, 20 figures. Accepted version. Published version available in Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 618 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11733-2

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-22-488-AD-ESH-LBNF-ND-SCD, CERN-EP-DRAFT-MISC-2022-007

Journal ref: Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 618 (2023)

Separation of track- and shower-like energy deposits in ProtoDUNE-SP using a convolutional neural network

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, B. Aimard, B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh, T. Alion, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. AlRashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, P. Amedo, J. Anderson , et al. (1204 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Liquid argon time projection chamber detector technology provides high spatial and calorimetric resolutions on the charged particles traversing liquid argon. As a result, the technology has been used in a number of recent neutrino experiments, and is the technology of choice for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). In order to perform high precision measurements of neutrinos in the det… ▽ More Liquid argon time projection chamber detector technology provides high spatial and calorimetric resolutions on the charged particles traversing liquid argon. As a result, the technology has been used in a number of recent neutrino experiments, and is the technology of choice for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). In order to perform high precision measurements of neutrinos in the detector, final state particles need to be effectively identified, and their energy accurately reconstructed. This article proposes an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network to perform the classification of energy deposits and reconstructed particles as track-like or arising from electromagnetic cascades. Results from testing the algorithm on data from ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype of the DUNE far detector, are presented. The network identifies track- and shower-like particles, as well as Michel electrons, with high efficiency. The performance of the algorithm is consistent between data and simulation. △ Less

Submitted 30 June, 2022; v1 submitted 31 March, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Comments: 31 pages, 15 figures

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-22-240-AD-ESH-LBNF-ND-SCD, CERN-EP-2022-077

Journal ref: Eur.Phys.J.C 82 (2022) 10, 903

Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift-length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, B. Aimard, B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh, T. Alion, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. AlRashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, P. Amedo, J. Anderson , et al. (1202 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6x6x6m3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019-2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and… ▽ More DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6x6x6m3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019-2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system performance is evaluated with a particular focus on the different wavelength shifters, such as PEN and TPB, and the use of Xe-doped LAr, considering its future use in giant LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and a comparison of simulation to data is performed, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties △ Less

Submitted 3 June, 2022; v1 submitted 30 March, 2022; originally announced March 2022.

Comments: 31 pages, 29 figures

Report number: CERN-EP-DRAFT-MISC-2022-003; FERMILAB-PUB-22-242-LBNF

Low exposure long-baseline neutrino oscillation sensitivity of the DUNE experiment

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, B. Aimard, B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh, T. Alion, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. AlRashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andreotti , et al. (1132 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will produce world-leading neutrino oscillation measurements over the lifetime of the experiment. In this work, we explore DUNE's sensitivity to observe charge-parity violation (CPV) in the neutrino sector, and to resolve the mass ordering, for exposures of up to 100 kiloton-megawatt-years (kt-MW-yr). The analysis includes detailed uncertainties on t… ▽ More The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will produce world-leading neutrino oscillation measurements over the lifetime of the experiment. In this work, we explore DUNE's sensitivity to observe charge-parity violation (CPV) in the neutrino sector, and to resolve the mass ordering, for exposures of up to 100 kiloton-megawatt-years (kt-MW-yr). The analysis includes detailed uncertainties on the flux prediction, the neutrino interaction model, and detector effects. We demonstrate that DUNE will be able to unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering at a 3$σ$ (5$σ$) level, with a 66 (100) kt-MW-yr far detector exposure, and has the ability to make strong statements at significantly shorter exposures depending on the true value of other oscillation parameters. We also show that DUNE has the potential to make a robust measurement of CPV at a 3$σ$ level with a 100 kt-MW-yr exposure for the maximally CP-violating values $δ_{\rm CP}} = \pmπ/2$. Additionally, the dependence of DUNE's sensitivity on the exposure taken in neutrino-enhanced and antineutrino-enhanced running is discussed. An equal fraction of exposure taken in each beam mode is found to be close to optimal when considered over the entire space of interest. △ Less

Submitted 3 September, 2021; originally announced September 2021.

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-21-391-ND

Design, construction and operation of the ProtoDUNE-SP Liquid Argon TPC

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh, T. Alion, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andreotti, M. P. Andrews , et al. (1158 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) that was constructed and operated in the CERN North Area at the end of the H4 beamline. This detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which will be constructed at the Sandford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA.… ▽ More The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) that was constructed and operated in the CERN North Area at the end of the H4 beamline. This detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which will be constructed at the Sandford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector incorporates full-size components as designed for DUNE and has an active volume of $7\times 6\times 7.2$~m$^3$. The H4 beam delivers incident particles with well-measured momenta and high-purity particle identification. ProtoDUNE-SP's successful operation between 2018 and 2020 demonstrates the effectiveness of the single-phase far detector design. This paper describes the design, construction, assembly and operation of the detector components. △ Less

Submitted 23 September, 2021; v1 submitted 4 August, 2021; originally announced August 2021.

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector Conceptual Design Report

Authors: A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, A. Aduszkiewicz, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, N. Anfimov, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch , et al. (1041 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This report describes the conceptual design of the DUNE near detector This report describes the conceptual design of the DUNE near detector △ Less

Submitted 25 March, 2021; originally announced March 2021.

Comments: 314 pages, 185 figures

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-21-067-E-LBNF-PPD-SCD-T

A deep-learning based raw waveform region-of-interest finder for the liquid argon time projection chamber

Authors: ArgoNeuT Collaboration, R. Acciarri, B. Baller, V. Basque, C. Bromberg, F. Cavanna, D. Edmunds, R. S. Fitzpatrick, B. Fleming, P. Green, C. James, I. Lepetic, X. Luo, O. Palamara, G. Scanavini, M. Soderberg, J. Spitz, A. M. Szelc, L. Uboldi, M. H. L. S. Wang, W. Wu, T. Yang

Abstract: The liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detector technology has an excellent capability to measure properties of low-energy neutrinos produced by the sun and supernovae and to look for exotic physics at very low energies. In order to achieve those physics goals, it is crucial to identify and reconstruct signals in the waveforms recorded on each TPC wire. In this paper, we report on a nov… ▽ More The liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detector technology has an excellent capability to measure properties of low-energy neutrinos produced by the sun and supernovae and to look for exotic physics at very low energies. In order to achieve those physics goals, it is crucial to identify and reconstruct signals in the waveforms recorded on each TPC wire. In this paper, we report on a novel algorithm based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) to look for the region-of-interest (ROI) in raw waveforms. We test this algorithm using data from the ArgoNeuT experiment in conjunction with an improved noise mitigation procedure and a more realistic data-driven noise model for simulated events. This deep-learning ROI finder shows promising performance in extracting small signals and gives an efficiency approximately twice that of the traditional algorithm in the low energy region of $\sim$0.03-0.1 MeV. This method offers great potential to explore low-energy physics using LArTPCs. △ Less

Submitted 12 January, 2022; v1 submitted 10 March, 2021; originally announced March 2021.

Comments: 15 pages, 12 figures

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-21-079-ND-SCD

Journal ref: JINST 17 (2022) P01018

Supernova Neutrino Burst Detection with the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment

Authors: DUNE collaboration, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi , et al. (949 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), a 40-kton underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, will be sensitive to the electron-neutrino flavor component of the burst of neutrinos expected from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova. Such an observation will bring unique insight into the astrophysics of core collapse as well as into the properties of neutrinos. The gen… ▽ More The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), a 40-kton underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, will be sensitive to the electron-neutrino flavor component of the burst of neutrinos expected from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova. Such an observation will bring unique insight into the astrophysics of core collapse as well as into the properties of neutrinos. The general capabilities of DUNE for neutrino detection in the relevant few- to few-tens-of-MeV neutrino energy range will be described. As an example, DUNE's ability to constrain the $ν_e$ spectral parameters of the neutrino burst will be considered. △ Less

Submitted 29 May, 2021; v1 submitted 15 August, 2020; originally announced August 2020.

Comments: 29 pages, 17 figures; paper based on DUNE Technical Design Report. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2002.03005

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-20-380-LBNF

First results on ProtoDUNE-SP liquid argon time projection chamber performance from a beam test at the CERN Neutrino Platform

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, B. Abi, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, P. Adrien, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga , et al. (970 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber with an active volume of $7.2\times 6.0\times 6.9$ m$^3$. It is installed at the CERN Neutrino Platform in a specially-constructed beam that delivers charged pions, kaons, protons, muons and electrons with momenta in the range 0.3 GeV$/c$ to 7 GeV/$c$. Beam line instrumentation provides accurate momentum measurements… ▽ More The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber with an active volume of $7.2\times 6.0\times 6.9$ m$^3$. It is installed at the CERN Neutrino Platform in a specially-constructed beam that delivers charged pions, kaons, protons, muons and electrons with momenta in the range 0.3 GeV$/c$ to 7 GeV/$c$. Beam line instrumentation provides accurate momentum measurements and particle identification. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, and it incorporates full-size components as designed for that module. This paper describes the beam line, the time projection chamber, the photon detectors, the cosmic-ray tagger, the signal processing and particle reconstruction. It presents the first results on ProtoDUNE-SP's performance, including noise and gain measurements, $dE/dx$ calibration for muons, protons, pions and electrons, drift electron lifetime measurements, and photon detector noise, signal sensitivity and time resolution measurements. The measured values meet or exceed the specifications for the DUNE far detector, in several cases by large margins. ProtoDUNE-SP's successful operation starting in 2018 and its production of large samples of high-quality data demonstrate the effectiveness of the single-phase far detector design. △ Less

Submitted 3 June, 2021; v1 submitted 13 July, 2020; originally announced July 2020.

Comments: 93 pages, 70 figures

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-20-059-AD-ESH-LBNF-ND-SCD, CERN-EP-2020-125

Journal ref: JINST 15 (2020) P12004

Neutrino interaction classification with a convolutional neural network in the DUNE far detector

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi , et al. (951 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment is a next-generation neutrino oscillation experiment that aims to measure $CP$-violation in the neutrino sector as part of a wider physics program. A deep learning approach based on a convolutional neural network has been developed to provide highly efficient and pure selections of electron neutrino and muon neutrino charged-current interactions. The electr… ▽ More The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment is a next-generation neutrino oscillation experiment that aims to measure $CP$-violation in the neutrino sector as part of a wider physics program. A deep learning approach based on a convolutional neural network has been developed to provide highly efficient and pure selections of electron neutrino and muon neutrino charged-current interactions. The electron neutrino (antineutrino) selection efficiency peaks at 90% (94%) and exceeds 85% (90%) for reconstructed neutrino energies between 2-5 GeV. The muon neutrino (antineutrino) event selection is found to have a maximum efficiency of 96% (97%) and exceeds 90% (95%) efficiency for reconstructed neutrino energies above 2 GeV. When considering all electron neutrino and antineutrino interactions as signal, a selection purity of 90% is achieved. These event selections are critical to maximize the sensitivity of the experiment to $CP$-violating effects. △ Less

Submitted 10 November, 2020; v1 submitted 26 June, 2020; originally announced June 2020.

Comments: 39 pages, 11 figures

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 102, 092003 (2020)

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume IV: Far Detector Single-phase Technology

Authors: B. Abi, R. Acciarri, Mario A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, J. Anthony, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi , et al. (941 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. DUNE is an international world-clas… ▽ More The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. DUNE is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. Central to achieving DUNE's physics program is a far detector that combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with sub-centimeter spatial resolution in its ability to image those events, allowing identification of the physics signatures among the numerous backgrounds. In the single-phase liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, ionization charges drift horizontally in the liquid argon under the influence of an electric field towards a vertical anode, where they are read out with fine granularity. A photon detection system supplements the TPC, directly enhancing physics capabilities for all three DUNE physics drivers and opening up prospects for further physics explorations. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume IV presents an overview of the basic operating principles of a single-phase LArTPC, followed by a description of the DUNE implementation. Each of the subsystems is described in detail, connecting the high-level design requirements and decisions to the overriding physics goals of DUNE. △ Less

Submitted 8 September, 2020; v1 submitted 7 February, 2020; originally announced February 2020.

Comments: Minor corrections made for JINST submission, 673 pages, 312 figures (corrected errors in author list)

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-20-027-ND

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume III: DUNE Far Detector Technical Coordination

Authors: B. Abi, R. Acciarri, Mario A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, J. Anthony, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi , et al. (941 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Exper… ▽ More The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume III of this TDR describes how the activities required to design, construct, fabricate, install, and commission the DUNE far detector modules are organized and managed. This volume details the organizational structures that will carry out and/or oversee the planned far detector activities safely, successfully, on time, and on budget. It presents overviews of the facilities, supporting infrastructure, and detectors for context, and it outlines the project-related functions and methodologies used by the DUNE technical coordination organization, focusing on the areas of integration engineering, technical reviews, quality assurance and control, and safety oversight. Because of its more advanced stage of development, functional examples presented in this volume focus primarily on the single-phase (SP) detector module. △ Less

Submitted 8 September, 2020; v1 submitted 7 February, 2020; originally announced February 2020.

Comments: Minor corrections made for JINST submission, 209 pages, 55 figures (updated typos in Table A.5; corrected errors in author list)

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-20-026-ND

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume II: DUNE Physics

Authors: B. Abi, R. Acciarri, Mario A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, J. Anthony, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi , et al. (941 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. DUNE is an international world-clas… ▽ More The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. DUNE is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume II of this TDR, DUNE Physics, describes the array of identified scientific opportunities and key goals. Crucially, we also report our best current understanding of the capability of DUNE to realize these goals, along with the detailed arguments and investigations on which this understanding is based. This TDR volume documents the scientific basis underlying the conception and design of the LBNF/DUNE experimental configurations. As a result, the description of DUNE's experimental capabilities constitutes the bulk of the document. Key linkages between requirements for successful execution of the physics program and primary specifications of the experimental configurations are drawn and summarized. This document also serves a wider purpose as a statement on the scientific potential of DUNE as a central component within a global program of frontier theoretical and experimental particle physics research. Thus, the presentation also aims to serve as a resource for the particle physics community at large. △ Less

Submitted 25 March, 2020; v1 submitted 7 February, 2020; originally announced February 2020.

Comments: 357 pages, 165 figures (updated typos in Table 6.1 and corrected errors in author list)

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-20-025-ND

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume I: Introduction to DUNE

Authors: B. Abi, R. Acciarri, Mario A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, J. Anthony, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi , et al. (941 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Exper… ▽ More The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. This TDR is intended to justify the technical choices for the far detector that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. Volume I contains an executive summary that introduces the DUNE science program, the far detector and the strategy for its modular designs, and the organization and management of the Project. The remainder of Volume I provides more detail on the science program that drives the choice of detector technologies and on the technologies themselves. It also introduces the designs for the DUNE near detector and the DUNE computing model, for which DUNE is planning design reports. Volume II of this TDR describes DUNE's physics program in detail. Volume III describes the technical coordination required for the far detector design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure. Volume IV describes the single-phase far detector technology. A planned Volume V will describe the dual-phase technology. △ Less

Submitted 8 September, 2020; v1 submitted 7 February, 2020; originally announced February 2020.

Comments: Minor corrections made for JINST submission; 244 pages, 114 figures

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-20-024-ND

The Liquid Argon In A Testbeam (LArIAT) Experiment

Authors: LArIAT Collaboration, R. Acciarri, C. J. Adams, J. Asaadi, M. Backfish, W. Badgett, B. Baller, O. Benevides Rodrigues, F. d. M. Blaszczyk, R. Bouabid, C. Bromberg, R. Carey, R. Castillo Fernandez, F. Cavanna, J. I. Cevallos Aleman, A. Chatterjee, P. Dedin Neto, M. V. Dos Santos, S. Dytman, D. Edmunds, M. Elkins, C. O. Escobar, J. Esquivel, J. Evans, A. Falcone , et al. (81 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The LArIAT liquid argon time projection chamber, placed in a tertiary beam of charged particles at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility, has collected large samples of pions, muons, electrons, protons, and kaons in the momentum range 300-1400 MeV/c. This paper describes the main aspects of the detector and beamline, and also reports on calibrations performed for the detector and beamline components. The LArIAT liquid argon time projection chamber, placed in a tertiary beam of charged particles at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility, has collected large samples of pions, muons, electrons, protons, and kaons in the momentum range 300-1400 MeV/c. This paper describes the main aspects of the detector and beamline, and also reports on calibrations performed for the detector and beamline components. △ Less

Submitted 6 February, 2020; v1 submitted 23 November, 2019; originally announced November 2019.

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-19-460-ND

Improved Limits on Millicharged Particles Using the ArgoNeuT Experiment at Fermilab

Authors: ArgoNeuT Collaboration, R. Acciarri, C. Adams, J. Asaadi, B. Baller, T. Bolton, C. Bromberg, F. Cavanna, D. Edmunds, R. S. Fitzpatrick, B. Fleming, R. Harnik, C. James, I. Lepetic, B. R. Littlejohn, Z. Liu, X. Luo, O. Palamara, G. Scanavini, M. Soderberg, J. Spitz, A. M. Szelc, W. Wu, T. Yang

Abstract: A search for millicharged particles, a simple extension of the standard model, has been performed with the ArgoNeuT detector exposed to the Neutrinos at the Main Injector beam at Fermilab. The ArgoNeuT Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber detector enables a search for millicharged particles through the detection of visible electron recoils. We search for an event signature with two soft hits (MeV-… ▽ More A search for millicharged particles, a simple extension of the standard model, has been performed with the ArgoNeuT detector exposed to the Neutrinos at the Main Injector beam at Fermilab. The ArgoNeuT Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber detector enables a search for millicharged particles through the detection of visible electron recoils. We search for an event signature with two soft hits (MeV-scale energy depositions) aligned with the upstream target. For an exposure of the detector of $1.0$ $\times$ $10^{20}$ protons on target, one candidate event has been observed, compatible with the expected background. This search is sensitive to millicharged particles with charges between $10^{-3}e$ and $10^{-1}e$ and with masses in the range from $0.1$ GeV to $3$ GeV. This measurement provides leading constraints on millicharged particles in this large unexplored parameter space region. △ Less

Submitted 13 August, 2020; v1 submitted 18 November, 2019; originally announced November 2019.

Comments: Version accepted by PRL

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-19-582-ND

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 131801 (2020)

Demonstration of MeV-Scale Physics in Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers Using ArgoNeuT

Authors: ArgoNeuT Collaboration, R. Acciarri, C. Adams, J. Asaadi, B. Baller, T. Bolton, C. Bromberg, F. Cavanna, E. Church, D. Edmunds, A. Ereditato, S. Farooq, A. Ferrari, R. S. Fitzpatrick, B. Fleming, A. Hackenburg, G. Horton-Smith, C. James, K. Lang, M. Lantz, I. Lepetic, B. R. Littlejohn, X. Luo, R. Mehdiyev, B. Page , et al. (13 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: MeV-scale energy depositions by low-energy photons produced in neutrino-argon interactions have been identified and reconstructed in ArgoNeuT liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) data. ArgoNeuT data collected on the NuMI beam at Fermilab were analyzed to select isolated low-energy depositions in the TPC volume. The total number, reconstructed energies and positions of these depositions ha… ▽ More MeV-scale energy depositions by low-energy photons produced in neutrino-argon interactions have been identified and reconstructed in ArgoNeuT liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) data. ArgoNeuT data collected on the NuMI beam at Fermilab were analyzed to select isolated low-energy depositions in the TPC volume. The total number, reconstructed energies and positions of these depositions have been compared to those from simulations of neutrino-argon interactions using the FLUKA Monte Carlo generator. Measured features are consistent with energy depositions from photons produced by de-excitation of the neutrino's target nucleus and by inelastic scattering of primary neutrons produced by neutrino-argon interactions. This study represents a successful reconstruction of physics at the MeV-scale in a LArTPC, a capability of crucial importance for detection and reconstruction of supernova and solar neutrino interactions in future large LArTPCs. △ Less

Submitted 15 October, 2018; originally announced October 2018.

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-18-559-ND

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 99, 012002 (2019)

The DUNE Far Detector Interim Design Report, Volume 3: Dual-Phase Module

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. Adamowski, C. Adams, D. Adams, P. Adamson, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, C. H. Albright, L. Aliaga Soplin, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, J. Anderson, K. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, R. A. Andrews, A. Ankowski, J. Anthony, M. Antonello, M. Antonova , et al. (1076 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE far detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable… ▽ More The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE far detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable the DUNE experiment to make the ground-breaking discoveries that will help to answer fundamental physics questions. Volume 3 describes the dual-phase module's subsystems, the technical coordination required for its design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure. △ Less

Submitted 26 July, 2018; originally announced July 2018.

Comments: 280 pages, 109 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1807.10327

Report number: Fermilab-Design-2018-04

The DUNE Far Detector Interim Design Report Volume 1: Physics, Technology and Strategies

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. Adamowski, C. Adams, D. Adams, P. Adamson, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, C. H. Albright, L. Aliaga Soplin, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, J. Anderson, K. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, R. A. Andrews, A. Ankowski, J. Anthony, M. Antonello, M. Antonova , et al. (1076 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE Far Detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable… ▽ More The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE Far Detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable the DUNE experiment to make the ground-breaking discoveries that will help to answer fundamental physics questions. Volume 1 contains an executive summary that describes the general aims of this document. The remainder of this first volume provides a more detailed description of the DUNE physics program that drives the choice of detector technologies. It also includes concise outlines of two overarching systems that have not yet evolved to consortium structures: computing and calibration. Volumes 2 and 3 of this IDR describe, for the single-phase and dual-phase technologies, respectively, each detector module's subsystems, the technical coordination required for its design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure. △ Less

Submitted 26 July, 2018; originally announced July 2018.

Comments: 83 pages, 11 figures

Report number: Fermilab-Design-2018-02

The DUNE Far Detector Interim Design Report, Volume 2: Single-Phase Module

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. Adamowski, C. Adams, D. Adams, P. Adamson, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, C. H. Albright, L. Aliaga Soplin, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, J. Anderson, K. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, R. A. Andrews, A. Ankowski, J. Anthony, M. Antonello, M. Antonova , et al. (1076 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE far detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable… ▽ More The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE far detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable the DUNE experiment to make the ground-breaking discoveries that will help to answer fundamental physics questions. Volume 2 describes the single-phase module's subsystems, the technical coordination required for its design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure. △ Less

Submitted 26 July, 2018; originally announced July 2018.

Comments: 324 pages, 130 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1807.10340

Report number: Fermilab-Design-2018-03

The Single-Phase ProtoDUNE Technical Design Report

Authors: B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. Adamowski, C. Adams, D. L. Adams, P. Adamson, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, C. H. Albright, T. Alion, J. Anderson, K. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, R. A. Andrews, J. dos Anjos, A. Ankowski, J. Anthony, M. Antonello, A. Aranda Fernandez, A. Ariga, T. Ariga, E. Arrieta Diaz, J. Asaadi , et al. (806 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: ProtoDUNE-SP is the single-phase DUNE Far Detector prototype that is under construction and will be operated at the CERN Neutrino Platform (NP) starting in 2018. ProtoDUNE-SP, a crucial part of the DUNE effort towards the construction of the first DUNE 10-kt fiducial mass far detector module (17 kt total LAr mass), is a significant experiment in its own right. With a total liquid argon (LAr) mass… ▽ More ProtoDUNE-SP is the single-phase DUNE Far Detector prototype that is under construction and will be operated at the CERN Neutrino Platform (NP) starting in 2018. ProtoDUNE-SP, a crucial part of the DUNE effort towards the construction of the first DUNE 10-kt fiducial mass far detector module (17 kt total LAr mass), is a significant experiment in its own right. With a total liquid argon (LAr) mass of 0.77 kt, it represents the largest monolithic single-phase LArTPC detector to be built to date. It's technical design is given in this report. △ Less

Submitted 27 July, 2017; v1 submitted 21 June, 2017; originally announced June 2017.

Comments: 165 pages, fix references, author list and minor numbers

First Observation of Low Energy Electron Neutrinos in a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Authors: R. Acciarri, C. Adams, J. Asaadi, B. Baller, T. Bolton, C. Bromberg, F. Cavanna, E. Church, D. Edmunds, A. Ereditato, S. Farooq, R. S. Fitzpatrick, B. Fleming, A. Hackenburg, G. Horton-Smith, C. James, K. Lang, X. Luo, R. Mehdiyev, B. Page, O. Palamara, B. Rebel, A. Schukraft, G. Scanavini, M. Soderberg , et al. (5 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The capabilities of liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) to reconstruct the spatial and calorimetric information of neutrino events have made them the detectors of choice in a number of experiments, specifically those looking to observe electron neutrino ($ν_e$) appearance. The LArTPC promises excellent background rejection capabilities, especially in this "golden" channel for both shor… ▽ More The capabilities of liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) to reconstruct the spatial and calorimetric information of neutrino events have made them the detectors of choice in a number of experiments, specifically those looking to observe electron neutrino ($ν_e$) appearance. The LArTPC promises excellent background rejection capabilities, especially in this "golden" channel for both short and long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. We present the first experimental observation of electron neutrinos and anti-neutrinos in the ArgoNeut LArTPC, in the energy range relevant to DUNE and the Fermilab Short Baseline Neutrino Program. We have selected 37 electron candidate events and 274 gamma candidate events, and measured an 80\% purity of electrons based on a topological selection. Additionally, we present a of separation of electrons from gammas using calorimetric energy deposition, demonstrating further separation of electrons from background gammas. △ Less

Submitted 15 March, 2017; v1 submitted 13 October, 2016; originally announced October 2016.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 95, 072005 (2017)

Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 1: The LBNF and DUNE Projects

Authors: R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. Adamowski, C. Adams, P. Adamson, S. Adhikari, Z. Ahmad, C. H. Albright, T. Alion, E. Amador, J. Anderson, K. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andrews, R. Andrews, I. Anghel, J. d. Anjos, A. Ankowski, M. Antonello, A. ArandaFernandez, A. Ariga, T. Ariga, D. Aristizabal, E. Arrieta-Diaz, K. Aryal , et al. (780 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This document presents the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) put forward by an international neutrino community to pursue the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF/DUNE), a groundbreaking science experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies and for neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. The DUNE far detector will be a very large modu… ▽ More This document presents the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) put forward by an international neutrino community to pursue the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF/DUNE), a groundbreaking science experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies and for neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. The DUNE far detector will be a very large modular liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) located deep underground, coupled to the LBNF multi-megawatt wide-band neutrino beam. DUNE will also have a high-resolution and high-precision near detector. △ Less

Submitted 20 January, 2016; originally announced January 2016.

Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report, Volume 4 The DUNE Detectors at LBNF

Authors: R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. Adamowski, C. Adams, P. Adamson, S. Adhikari, Z. Ahmad, C. H. Albright, T. Alion, E. Amador, J. Anderson, K. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andrews, R. Andrews, I. Anghel, J. d. Anjos, A. Ankowski, M. Antonello, A. ArandaFernandez, A. Ariga, T. Ariga, D. Aristizabal, E. Arrieta-Diaz, K. Aryal , et al. (779 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: A description of the proposed detector(s) for DUNE at LBNF A description of the proposed detector(s) for DUNE at LBNF △ Less

Submitted 12 January, 2016; originally announced January 2016.

Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 2: The Physics Program for DUNE at LBNF

Authors: DUNE Collaboration, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. Adamowski, C. Adams, P. Adamson, S. Adhikari, Z. Ahmad, C. H. Albright, T. Alion, E. Amador, J. Anderson, K. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andrews, R. Andrews, I. Anghel, J. d. Anjos, A. Ankowski, M. Antonello, A. ArandaFernandez, A. Ariga, T. Ariga, D. Aristizabal, E. Arrieta-Diaz , et al. (780 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The Physics Program for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Fermilab Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) is described. The Physics Program for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Fermilab Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) is described. △ Less

Submitted 22 January, 2016; v1 submitted 18 December, 2015; originally announced December 2015.

Measurement of $ν_μ$ and $\barν_μ$ Neutral Current $π^{0} \rightarrow γγ$ Production in the ArgoNeuT Detector

Authors: R. Acciarri, C. Adams, J. Asaadi, B. Baller, T. Bolton, C. Bromberg, F. Cavanna, E. Church, D. Edmunds, A. Ereditato, S. Farooq, B. Fleming, H. Greenlee, A. Hackenburg, R. Hatcher, G. Horton-Smith, C. James, E. Klein, K. Lang, P. Laurens, R. Mehdiyev, B. Page, O. Palamara, K. Partyka, G. Rameika , et al. (8 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The ArgoNeuT collaboration reports the first measurement of neutral current $π^{0}$ production in $ν_μ$-argon and $\barν_μ$-argon scattering. This measurement was performed using the ArgoNeuT liquid argon time projection chamber deployed at Fermilab's NuMI neutrino beam with an exposure corresponding to 1.2$\times 10^{20}$ protons-on-target from the Fermilab Main Injector and a mean energy for… ▽ More The ArgoNeuT collaboration reports the first measurement of neutral current $π^{0}$ production in $ν_μ$-argon and $\barν_μ$-argon scattering. This measurement was performed using the ArgoNeuT liquid argon time projection chamber deployed at Fermilab's NuMI neutrino beam with an exposure corresponding to 1.2$\times 10^{20}$ protons-on-target from the Fermilab Main Injector and a mean energy for $ν_μ$ of 9.6~GeV and for $\barν_μ$ of 3.6~GeV. We compare the measured cross section and kinematic distributions to predictions from the GENIE and NuWro neutrino interaction event generators. △ Less

Submitted 26 April, 2017; v1 submitted 3 November, 2015; originally announced November 2015.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 96, 012006 (2017)

Design and operation of LongBo: a 2 m long drift liquid argon TPC

Authors: C. Bromberg, B. Carls, D. Edmunds, A. Hahn, W. Jaskierny, H. Jostlein, C. Kendziora, S. Lockwitz, B. Pahlka, S. Pordes, B. Rebel, D. Shooltz, M. Stancari, T. Tope, T. Yang

Abstract: In this paper, we report on the design and operation of the LongBo time projection chamber in the Liquid Argon Purity Demonstrator cryostat. This chamber features a 2 m long drift distance. We measure the electron drift lifetime in the liquid argon using cosmic ray muons and the lifetime is at least 14 ms at 95\% confidence level. LongBo is equipped with preamplifiers mounted on the detector in th… ▽ More In this paper, we report on the design and operation of the LongBo time projection chamber in the Liquid Argon Purity Demonstrator cryostat. This chamber features a 2 m long drift distance. We measure the electron drift lifetime in the liquid argon using cosmic ray muons and the lifetime is at least 14 ms at 95\% confidence level. LongBo is equipped with preamplifiers mounted on the detector in the liquid argon. Of the 144 channels, 128 channels were readout by preamplifiers made with discrete circuitry and 16 channels were readout by ASIC preamplifiers. For the discrete channels, we measure a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 30 at a drift field of 350 V/cm. The measured S/N ratio for the ASIC channels was 1.4 times larger than that measured for the discrete channels. △ Less

Submitted 12 May, 2015; v1 submitted 1 April, 2015; originally announced April 2015.

Comments: 19 pages, 17 figures

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-15-104-ND

Journal ref: 2015 JINST 10 P07015

GPS Timing and Control System of the HAWC Detector

Authors: Anushka Udara Abeysekara, Tilan N. Ukwatta, Dan Edmunds, James Linnemann, Asif Imran, Gerd Kunde, Ian Wisher

Abstract: The design and performance of the GPS Timing and Control (GTC) System of the High Altitude Water Cerenkov (HAWC) gamma ray observatory is described. The GTC system provides a GPS synchronized absolute timestamp, with an accuracy better than 1$μ$s, for each recorded event in HAWC. In order to avoid any slack between the recorded data and the timestamp, timestamps are injected to the main data acqui… ▽ More The design and performance of the GPS Timing and Control (GTC) System of the High Altitude Water Cerenkov (HAWC) gamma ray observatory is described. The GTC system provides a GPS synchronized absolute timestamp, with an accuracy better than 1$μ$s, for each recorded event in HAWC. In order to avoid any slack between the recorded data and the timestamp, timestamps are injected to the main data acquisition (DAQ) system after the Front-end Electronic Boards (FEBs). When HAWC is completed, the HAWC main DAQ will use 10 time to digital converters (TDCs). In order to keep all the TDCs in sync, the GTC system provides a synchronized clock signal, coordinated trigger signal, and control signals to all TDCs. △ Less

Submitted 27 October, 2014; v1 submitted 24 October, 2014; originally announced October 2014.

LArIAT: Liquid Argon In A Testbeam

Authors: J. Paley, D. Gastler, E. Kearns, R. Linehan, R. Patterson, W. Foremen, J. Ho, D. Schmitz, R. Johnson, J. St. John, R. Acciarri, P. Adamson, M. Backfish, W. Badgett, B. Baller, A. Hahn, D. Jensen, T. Junk, M. Kirby, T. Kobilarcik, P. Kryczynski, H. Lippincott, A. Marchionni, K. Nishikawa, J. Raaf , et al. (42 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) are ideal detectors for precision neutrino physics. These detectors, when located deep underground, can also be used for measurements of proton decay, and astrophysical neutrinos. The technology must be completely developed, up to very large mass scales, and fully mastered to construct and operate these detectors for this physics program. As part of… ▽ More Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) are ideal detectors for precision neutrino physics. These detectors, when located deep underground, can also be used for measurements of proton decay, and astrophysical neutrinos. The technology must be completely developed, up to very large mass scales, and fully mastered to construct and operate these detectors for this physics program. As part of an integrated plan of developing these detectors, accurate measurements in LArTPC of known particle species in the relevant energy ranges are now deemed as necessary. The LArIAT program aims to directly achieve these goals by deploying LArTPC detectors in a dedicated calibration test beam line at Fermilab. The set of measurements envisaged here are significant for both the short-baseline (SBN) and long-baseline (LBN) neutrino oscillation programs in the US, starting with MicroBooNE in the near term and with the adjoint near and far liquid argon detectors in the Booster beam line at Fermilab envisioned in the mid-term, and moving towards deep underground physics such as with the long-baseline neutrino facility (LBNF) in the longer term. △ Less

Submitted 27 June, 2014; v1 submitted 20 June, 2014; originally announced June 2014.

Trapping cold ground state argon atoms for sympathetic cooling of molecules

Authors: P. D. Edmunds, P. F. Barker

Abstract: We trap cold, ground-state, argon atoms in a deep optical dipole trap produced by a build-up cavity. The atoms, which are a general source for the sympathetic cooling of molecules, are loaded in the trap by quenching them from a cloud of laser-cooled metastable argon atoms. Although the ground state atoms cannot be directly probed, we detect them by observing the collisional loss of co-trapped met… ▽ More We trap cold, ground-state, argon atoms in a deep optical dipole trap produced by a build-up cavity. The atoms, which are a general source for the sympathetic cooling of molecules, are loaded in the trap by quenching them from a cloud of laser-cooled metastable argon atoms. Although the ground state atoms cannot be directly probed, we detect them by observing the collisional loss of co-trapped metastable argon atoms using a new type of parametric loss spectroscopy. Using this technique we also determine the polarizability ratio between the ground and the metastable 4s[3/2]$_2$ state to be 40$\pm6$ and find a polarisability of (7.3$\pm$1.1) $\times$10$^{-39}$ Cm$^2/$V for the metastable state. Finally, Penning and associative losses of metastable atoms, in the absence of light assisted collisions, are determined to be $(3.3\pm 0.8) \times 10^{-10}$ cm$^3$s$^{-1}$. △ Less

Submitted 10 June, 2014; originally announced June 2014.

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 183001 (2014)

Measurements of Inclusive Muon Neutrino and Antineutrino Charged Current Differential Cross Sections on Argon in the NuMI Antineutrino Beam

Authors: R. Acciarri, C. Adams, J. Asaadi, B. Baller, T. Bolton, C. Bromberg, F. Cavanna, E. Church, D. Edmunds, A. Ereditato, S. Farooq, B. Fleming, H. Greenlee, R. Hatcher, G. Horton-Smith, C. James, E. Klein, K. Lang, P. Laurens, R. Mehdiyev, B. Page, O. Palamara, K. Partyka, G. Rameika, B. Rebel , et al. (6 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The ArgoNeuT collaboration presents measurements of inclusive muon neutrino and antineutrino charged current differential cross sections on argon in the Fermilab NuMI beam operating in the low energy antineutrino mode. The results are reported in terms of outgoing muon angle and momentum at a mean neutrino energy of 9.6 GeV (neutrinos) and 3.6 GeV (antineutrinos), in the range… ▽ More The ArgoNeuT collaboration presents measurements of inclusive muon neutrino and antineutrino charged current differential cross sections on argon in the Fermilab NuMI beam operating in the low energy antineutrino mode. The results are reported in terms of outgoing muon angle and momentum at a mean neutrino energy of 9.6 GeV (neutrinos) and 3.6 GeV (antineutrinos), in the range $0^\circ < θ_μ< 36^\circ$ and $0 < p_μ< 25$ GeV/$c$, for both neutrinos and antineutrinos. △ Less

Submitted 10 June, 2014; v1 submitted 18 April, 2014; originally announced April 2014.

Comments: Six pages, 4 figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-14-104-E

Journal ref: Phys. Rev. D 89, 112003 (2014)

The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

Authors: LBNE Collaboration, Corey Adams, David Adams, Tarek Akiri, Tyler Alion, Kris Anderson, Costas Andreopoulos, Mike Andrews, Ioana Anghel, João Carlos Costa dos Anjos, Maddalena Antonello, Enrique Arrieta-Diaz, Marina Artuso, Jonathan Asaadi, Xinhua Bai, Bagdat Baibussinov, Michael Baird, Baha Balantekin, Bruce Baller, Brian Baptista, D'Ann Barker, Gary Barker, William A. Barletta, Giles Barr, Larry Bartoszek , et al. (461 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Exp… ▽ More The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. △ Less

Submitted 22 April, 2014; v1 submitted 28 July, 2013; originally announced July 2013.

Comments: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figures

Report number: BNL-101354-2014-JA, FERMILAB-PUB-14-022, LA-UR-14-20881

A study of electron recombination using highly ionizing particles in the ArgoNeuT Liquid Argon TPC

Authors: R. Acciarri, C. Adams, J. Asaadi, B. Baller, T. Bolton, C. Bromberg, F. Cavanna, E. Church, D. Edmunds, A. Ereditato, S. Farooq, B. Fleming, H. Greenlee, G. Horton-Smith, C. James, E. Klein, K. Lang, P. Laurens, D. McKee, R. Mehdiyev, B. Page, O. Palamara, K. Partyka, G. Rameika, B. Rebel , et al. (7 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: Electron recombination in highly ionizing stopping protons and deuterons is studied in the ArgoNeuT detector. The data are well modeled by either a Birks model or a modified form of the Box model. The dependence of recombination on the track angle with respect to the electric field direction is much weaker than the predictions of the Jaffe columnar theory and by theoretical-computational simulatio… ▽ More Electron recombination in highly ionizing stopping protons and deuterons is studied in the ArgoNeuT detector. The data are well modeled by either a Birks model or a modified form of the Box model. The dependence of recombination on the track angle with respect to the electric field direction is much weaker than the predictions of the Jaffe columnar theory and by theoretical-computational simulations. △ Less

Submitted 7 June, 2013; originally announced June 2013.

Report number: FERMILAB-PUB-13-184-E