{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T22:55:32Z","timestamp":1752360932955,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]],"date-time":"1994-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":767750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Extensive caching is a key feature of the Echo distributed file system. Echo client machines maintain coherent caches of file and directory data and properties, with write-behind (delayed write-back) of<jats:italic>all<\/jats:italic>cached information. Echo specifies ordering constraints on this write-behind, enabling applications to store and maintain consistent data structures in the file system even when crashes or network faults prevent some writes from being completed. In this paper we describe the Echo cache's coherence and ordering semantics, show how they can improve the performance and consistency of applications, explain how they are implemented. We also discuss the general problem of reliably notifying applications and users when write-behind is lost; we addressed this problem as part of the Echo design, but did not find a fully satisfactory solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/176575.176577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T11:28:46Z","timestamp":1027769326000},"page":"123-164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A coherent distributed file cache with directory write-behind"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Timothy","family":"Mann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Equipment Corp., Palo Alto, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Birrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Equipment Corp., Palo Alto, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Hisgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Equipment Corp., Palo Alto, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Jerian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Equipment Corp., Palo Alto, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garret","family":"Swart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Equipment Corp., Palo Alto, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Proceedings","author":"BAKER M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"BAKER , M. , AND SULLIVAN , M. 1992 . The recovery box. Using fast recovery to provide h~gh availabfilty in the UNIX environment . In Proceedings Summer 1992 USENIX Conference (June) USENIX Association, Berkeley, Calif. , pp. 31 43.]] BAKER, M., AND SULLIVAN, M. 1992. The recovery box. Using fast recovery to provide h~gh availabfilty in the UNIX environment. In Proceedings Summer 1992 USENIX Conference (June) USENIX Association, Berkeley, Calif., pp. 31 43.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Proceedings 5th International Conference on Architectural Support for Prograramlng Languages and Operatzng Systems","author":"BAKER M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"BAKER , M. , ASAMI , S. , DEPRIT , E. , OUSTERHOUT , J. , AND SELTZER , M. , 1992 . Non-volatile memory for fast, reliable file systems . In Proceedings 5th International Conference on Architectural Support for Prograramlng Languages and Operatzng Systems ( Boston, Mass, Oct. 12-15). ACM, New York , pp 10 22]] 10.1145\/143365.143380 BAKER, M., ASAMI, S., DEPRIT, E., OUSTERHOUT, J., AND SELTZER, M., 1992. Non-volatile memory for fast, reliable file systems. In Proceedings 5th International Conference on Architectural Support for Prograramlng Languages and Operatzng Systems (Boston, Mass, Oct. 12-15). ACM, New York, pp 10 22]] 10.1145\/143365.143380"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"198","volume-title":"Proceedings 13th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (Pacific Grove, Calif., Oct. 13-16)","author":"BAKER M. G.","year":"1991","unstructured":"BAKER , M. G. , HARTMAN , J. H. , KUPFER , M. D. , SHIRRIFF , K. W. , AND OUSTERHOUT , J. K. 1991 . Measurements of a distributed file system . In Proceedings 13th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (Pacific Grove, Calif., Oct. 13-16) . ACM, New York , pp. 198 - 212 .]] 10.1145\/121132.121164 BAKER, M. G., HARTMAN, J. H., KUPFER, M. D., SHIRRIFF, K. W., AND OUSTERHOUT, J. K. 1991. Measurements of a distributed file system. In Proceedings 13th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (Pacific Grove, Calif., Oct. 13-16). ACM, New York, pp. 198-212.]] 10.1145\/121132.121164"},{"volume-title":"The Echo distributed file system. Res. Rep","author":"BIRRELL A. D.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"BIRRELL , A. D. , HISGEN , A. , JERIAN , C. , MANN , T. , AND SWART , G. 1993. The Echo distributed file system. Res. Rep . Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation , Palo Alto, Calif, Sept.]] BIRRELL, A. D., HISGEN, A., JERIAN, C., MANN, T., AND SWART, G. 1993. The Echo distributed file system. Res. Rep. Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Palo Alto, Calif, Sept.]]"},{"volume-title":"The Vesta repository: A file system extension for software development. Res. Rep. 106","author":"CHIU S.-Y.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"CHIU S.-Y. , AND LEVIN , R. 1993. The Vesta repository: A file system extension for software development. Res. Rep. 106 , Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation , Pa}o Alto, Calif.]] CHIU S.-Y., AND LEVIN, R. 1993. The Vesta repository: A file system extension for software development. Res. Rep. 106, Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Pa}o Alto, Calif.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Hector: Connecting words with definitions. Res. Rep. 92A","author":"GLASSMAN L.","year":"1992","unstructured":"GLASSMAN , L. , GRINBERG , D. , HIBBARD , C. , REID , L. G. , AND VAN LEUNEN , M. C. 1992 . Hector: Connecting words with definitions. Res. Rep. 92A , Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation , Palo Alto, Calif., Oct.]] GLASSMAN, L., GRINBERG, D., HIBBARD, C., REID, L. G., AND VAN LEUNEN, M. C. 1992. Hector: Connecting words with definitions. Res. Rep. 92A, Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Palo Alto, Calif., Oct.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1145\/74850.74870","volume-title":"Proceedings 12th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (Litchfield Park, Ariz., Dec. 3-6) ACM","author":"GRAY C. G.","year":"1989","unstructured":"GRAY , C. G. , AND CHERITON , D. R. , 1989 . Leases: An efficient fault-tolerant mechanism for distributed file cache consistency . In Proceedings 12th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (Litchfield Park, Ariz., Dec. 3-6) ACM , New York , pp. 202 210.]] 10.1145\/74850.74870 GRAY, C. G., AND CHERITON, D. R., 1989. Leases: An efficient fault-tolerant mechanism for distributed file cache consistency. In Proceedings 12th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (Litchfield Park, Ariz., Dec. 3-6) ACM, New York, pp. 202 210.]] 10.1145\/74850.74870"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Proceedings 2rid Workshop on the Management of Replicated Data (Monterey, Calif., Nov. 12-13)","author":"HISGEN A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"HISGEN , A. , BIRRELL , A. , JERIAN , C. , MANN , T. , AND SWART , G. 1992 . Some consequences of excess load on the Echo replicated file system . In Proceedings 2rid Workshop on the Management of Replicated Data (Monterey, Calif., Nov. 12-13) . IEEE, New York , pp. 92 - 95 .]] HISGEN, A., BIRRELL, A., JERIAN, C., MANN, T., AND SWART, G. 1992. Some consequences of excess load on the Echo replicated file system. In Proceedings 2rid Workshop on the Management of Replicated Data (Monterey, Calif., Nov. 12-13). IEEE, New York, pp. 92-95.]]"},{"volume-title":"New-value logging in the Echo replicated file system. Res. Rep. 104","author":"HISGEN A.","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"HISGEN , A. , BIRRELL , A. , JERIAN , C. , MANN , T. , AND SWART , G. , 1993. New-value logging in the Echo replicated file system. Res. Rep. 104 , Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation , Palo Alto, Calif., June.]] HISGEN, A., BIRRELL, A., JERIAN, C., MANN, T., AND SWART, G., 1993. New-value logging in the Echo replicated file system. Res. Rep. 104, Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Palo Alto, Calif., June.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1109\/WWOS.1989.109267","volume-title":"Proceedings 2nd Workshop on Workstation Operating Systems (Pacific Grove, Calif., Sept. 27 29)","author":"HISGEN A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"HISGEN , A. , Bm RELL , A. , MANN , T. , SC nRO EDER , M., AND SWART , G. 1989 . Availability and consistency tradeoffs in the Echo distributed file system . In Proceedings 2nd Workshop on Workstation Operating Systems (Pacific Grove, Calif., Sept. 27 29) . IEEE, New York , pp. 49 - 54 .]] HISGEN, A., BmRELL, A., MANN, T., SCnROEDER, M., AND SWART, G. 1989. Availability and consistency tradeoffs in the Echo distributed file system. In Proceedings 2nd Workshop on Workstation Operating Systems (Pacific Grove, Calif., Sept. 27 29). IEEE, New York, pp. 49-54.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Proceedzngs Workshop on the Management of Replicated Data (Houston, Tex., Nov. 8 9). IEEE","author":"HISGEN A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"HISGEN , A. , BIRRELL , A. , JERIAN , C. , MAN~ , T. , SCHROEDER , M. , AND SWART , G. , 1990 . Granularity and semantic level of replication in the Echo distributed file system . In Proceedzngs Workshop on the Management of Replicated Data (Houston, Tex., Nov. 8 9). IEEE , New York , pp. 2 - 4 .]] HISGEN, A., BIRRELL, A., JERIAN, C., MAN~, T., SCHROEDER, M., AND SWART, G., 1990. Granularity and semantic level of replication in the Echo distributed file system. In Proceedzngs Workshop on the Management of Replicated Data (Houston, Tex., Nov. 8 9). IEEE, New York, pp. 2-4.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/35037.35059"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Proceedings","author":"KAZAR M. L.","year":"1988","unstructured":"KAZAR , M. L. , 1988. Synchronization and caching issues in the Andrew file system . In Proceedings Winter 1988 USENIX Conference (Dallas, Tex ., Feb. 9 12). USENIX Association , Berkeley, Calif., pp. 27 - 36 .]] KAZAR, M. L., 1988. Synchronization and caching issues in the Andrew file system. In Proceedings Winter 1988 USENIX Conference (Dallas, Tex., Feb. 9 12). USENIX Association, Berkeley, Calif., pp. 27-36.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Proceedtngs 13th Symposium on Operating Systems Prtnc~ples (Oct.). ACM","author":"KISTLER J. J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"KISTLER , J. J. , AND SATYANARAYNAN , M. 1991 . Disconnected operation in the coda file system . In Proceedtngs 13th Symposium on Operating Systems Prtnc~ples (Oct.). ACM , New York , pp. 213 - 225 .]] 10.1145\/121132.121166 KISTLER, J. J., AND SATYANARAYNAN, M. 1991. Disconnected operation in the coda file system. In Proceedtngs 13th Symposium on Operating Systems Prtnc~ples (Oct.). ACM, New York, pp. 213-225.]] 10.1145\/121132.121166"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Proceedings 13th Symposium on Operating Systems Princples (Oct.). ACM","author":"LAMPSON B.","year":"1991","unstructured":"LAMPSON , B. , ABADI , M. , BURROWS , A ND M ., AND WOBBER , E. 1991 . Authentication in distributed systems: Theory and practice . In Proceedings 13th Symposium on Operating Systems Princples (Oct.). ACM , New York , pp. 165 182.]] 10.1145\/121132.121160 LAMPSON, B., ABADI, M., BURROWS, AND M., AND WOBBER, E. 1991. 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Rep. 46 , Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation , Palo Alto, Calif. June.]] MANN, T., HISGEN, A., AND SWART, G. 1989. An algorithm for data replication. Res. Rep. 46, Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Palo Alto, Calif. June.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/35037.42183"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Proceedings 8th Symposzum on Operating Systenzs Prznczples (Pacific Grove, Calif., Dec. 14-16)","author":"POPEK G.","year":"1981","unstructured":"POPEK G. , WALKER , B. , CHOW , J. , EDWARDS , D. , KLINE , C. , RUDISIN , G , AND THIEL , G. 1981 . LOCUS: A network transparent, high reliability distributed system . In Proceedings 8th Symposzum on Operating Systenzs Prznczples (Pacific Grove, Calif., Dec. 14-16) . ACM, New York , pp. 169 177.]] 10.1145\/800216.806605 POPEK G., WALKER, B., CHOW, J., EDWARDS, D., KLINE, C., RUDISIN, G, AND THIEL, G. 1981. LOCUS: A network transparent, high reliability distributed system. In Proceedings 8th Symposzum on Operating Systenzs Prznczples (Pacific Grove, Calif., Dec. 14-16). ACM, New York, pp. 169 177.]] 10.1145\/800216.806605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Proceedzngs","author":"SANDBERG R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"SANDBERG , R. , GOLDBERG , D. , KLEIMAN , S. , WALSH , D. , AND LYON , B. 1985. Design and implementation of the Sun network filesystem . In Proceedzngs Summer 1985 USENIX Conference (Portland, Ore ., June. 11-14). USENIX Association , Berkeley, Calif., pp. 119 - 130 .]] SANDBERG, R., GOLDBERG, D., KLEIMAN, S., WALSH, D., AND LYON, B. 1985. Design and implementation of the Sun network filesystem. In Proceedzngs Summer 1985 USENIX Conference (Portland, Ore., June. 11-14). USENIX Association, Berkeley, Calif., pp. 119-130.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"239","volume-title":"ACM","author":"SCHMUCK F.","year":"1991","unstructured":"SCHMUCK , F. , AND WYLLIE , J. 1991 . Experience with transactions in QuickSilver. In Proceedzngs 13th Sympos~ura on Operating Systems Prznc~ples (Pacific Grove, Calif., Oct. 13-16) . ACM , New York , pp. 239 - 253 .]] 10.1145\/121132.121171 SCHMUCK, F., AND WYLLIE, J. 1991. Experience with transactions in QuickSilver. In Proceedzngs 13th Sympos~ura on Operating Systems Prznc~ples (Pacific Grove, Calif., Oct. 13-16). ACM, New York, pp. 239-253.]] 10.1145\/121132.121171"},{"volume-title":"1990 Autonet: A high-speed, self-configuring local area network using point-to-point links. Res. Rep. 59","author":"SCHROEDER M. D.","key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"SCHROEDER , M. D. , BIRRELL , A. D. , BURROWS , M. , MURRAY , H. , NEEDHAM , R. M. , RODEHEFFER , T L ., SAT rERHW AITE , E. H., A~D T~ACXER , C. P. 1990 Autonet: A high-speed, self-configuring local area network using point-to-point links. Res. Rep. 59 , Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation , Palo Alto, Calif., Apr.]] SCHROEDER, M. D., BIRRELL, A. D., BURROWS, M., MURRAY, H., NEEDHAM, R. M., RODEHEFFER, T L., SATrERHWAITE, E. H., A~D T~ACXER, C. P. 1990 Autonet: A high-speed, self-configuring local area network using point-to-point links. Res. Rep. 59, Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Palo Alto, Calif., Apr.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"NFS: Network file system protocol specificatmn. RFC 1094","author":"SUN MICROSYSTEMS INC","year":"1989","unstructured":"SUN MICROSYSTEMS , INC . 1989 . NFS: Network file system protocol specificatmn. RFC 1094 , Network Information Center , SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., Mar.]] SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. 1989. NFS: Network file system protocol specificatmn. RFC 1094, Network Information Center, SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., Mar.]]"},{"volume-title":"Availability in the Echo file system. Res. Rep. 112","author":"SWART G.","key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"SWART , G. , BIRRELL , A. , HISGEN , A. , JERIAN , C. , AND MANN , T 1993. Availability in the Echo file system. Res. Rep. 112 , Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation , Palo Alto, Calif., Sept.]] SWART, G., BIRRELL, A., HISGEN, A., JERIAN, C., AND MANN, T 1993. Availability in the Echo file system. Res. Rep. 112, Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Palo Alto, Calif., Sept.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Firefly: A multiprocessor workstation. Res. Rep. 23","author":"THACKER C. P.","year":"1987","unstructured":"THACKER , C. P. , STEWART , L. C. , AND SAT rERTHW AITE , E. H, JR. 1987 . Firefly: A multiprocessor workstation. Res. Rep. 23 , Systems Research Center, Digital Eqmpment Corporation , Palo Alto, Calif., Dec.]] THACKER, C. P., STEWART, L. C., AND SATrERTHWAITE, E. H, JR. 1987. Firefly: A multiprocessor workstation. Res. Rep. 23, Systems Research Center, Digital Eqmpment Corporation, Palo Alto, Calif., Dec.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"49","volume-title":"G 1983. The LOCUS distributed operating system. In Proceedings 9th Symposzum on Operatzng Systems Principles (Bretton Woods, N.H., Oct. 12-13)","author":"WAL R, B","unstructured":"WAL m~ R, B ., POPEK , G. , ENGLISH , R. , KL~NE , C. AND TH m L , G 1983. The LOCUS distributed operating system. In Proceedings 9th Symposzum on Operatzng Systems Principles (Bretton Woods, N.H., Oct. 12-13) . ACM, New York , pp. 49 70.]] 10.1145\/800217.806615 WALm~R, B., POPEK, G., ENGLISH, R., KL~NE, C. AND THmL, G 1983. The LOCUS distributed operating system. In Proceedings 9th Symposzum on Operatzng Systems Principles (Bretton Woods, N.H., Oct. 12-13). ACM, New York, pp. 49 70.]] 10.1145\/800217.806615"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"184","volume-title":"IEEE","author":"WELC","year":"1986","unstructured":"WELC }~, B., AND OUST~RHOUT , J. 1986 . Prefix tables' A simple mechanism for locating files m a distributed filesystem. In Procee&amp;ngs 6th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (Cambridge, Mass., May 19-23) . IEEE , New York , pp. 184 - 189 ]] WELC}~, B., AND OUST~RHOUT, J. 1986. Prefix tables' A simple mechanism for locating files m a distributed filesystem. In Procee&amp;ngs 6th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (Cambridge, Mass., May 19-23). IEEE, New York, pp. 184-189]]"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/176575.176577","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/176575.176577","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T11:39:44Z","timestamp":1750246784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/176575.176577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/176575.176577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/176575.176577","relation":{},"ISSN":["0734-2071","1557-7333"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0734-2071"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-7333"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1994-05-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}