Many criteria of algorithmic fairness have been put forth in the current literature, of which the two most important ones are arguably Equalized Odds and Calibration. However, despite their plausibility, Kleinberg et al. (2017) have shown that they are inconsistent outside of trivial cases, so at least one must be rejected in non-trivial cases. Recently, Eva (2022) propounded a weakening of Calibration, called Base Rate Tracking, though not necessarily in response to the preceding impossibility result. Regardless, even though it is (...) weaker, Stewart et al. (2024) have shown that it is still inconsistent with Equalized Odds outside of trivial cases. In this paper, I propose a weakening of Base Rate Tracking I call Comparative Base Rate Tracking that is consistent with Equalized Odds even in non-trivial cases, yet this weakening is still quite substantial nonetheless. Importantly, I show that Comparative Base Rate Tracking can diagnose several deficient cases that cannot be diagnosed by other recently proposed criteria of fairness, like Spanning by Nielsen and Stewart (2024a) and Spacing by Eva (2024). (shrink)

Rational agents seem more confident in any possible event than in an impossible event. But if rational credences are real-valued, then there are some possible events that are assigned 0 credence nonetheless. How do we differentiate these events from impossible events then when we order events? de Finetti (1975), Hájek (2012) and Easwaran (2014) suggest that when ordering events, conditional credences and subset relations are as relevant as unconditional credences. I present a counterexample to all their proposals in this paper. (...) While their proposals order possible and impossible events correctly, they deliver the wrong verdict for disjoint possible events assigned equal positive credence. (shrink)

This paper is a discussion note on Isaacs et al. (2022), who have claimed to offer a new motivation for imprecise probabilities, based on the mathematical phenomenon of non-measurability. In this note, I clarify some consequences of their proposal. In particular, I show that if their proposal is applied to a bounded 3-dimensional space, then they have to reject at least one of the following: (i) If A is at most as probable as B and B is at most as (...) probable as C, then A is at most as probable as C. (ii) Let A ∩ C = B ∩ C = ∅. A is at most as probable as B iff (A ∪ C) is at most as probable as (B ∪ C). But rejecting either statement seems unattractive. (shrink)

Consider the following claims: 1. Rational credences are real-valued. 2. A rational agent is more confident in A than in B just in case appropriate set-theoretic relations between the relevant events and/or appropriate inequalities between her numerical credences, whether conditional or not, hold. 3. If a rational agent’s conditional credence in A, given A\cup B, is greater than her conditional credence in B, given A\cup B, then she is more confident in A than in B. 4. There are two distinct (...) and particular ways of ordering the events in a lottery over the naturals, for each of which there exists a rational agent whose comparative confidence ordering corresponds to that ordering. -/- Versions of the first three claims have been defended by various authors, though not necessarily in conjunction, and I claim that the fourth is at least plausible. In this paper, I show that the conjunction of these four claims is inconsistent. Thus, at least one claim must be rejected. (shrink)

The momentum of globalization and universalism, operating through the media, information technology and politics, has steadily diminished the importance of cultural diversity. It has even threatened to erase many of our cultural traditions, or extinguish our diverse experiences of the sacred. Yet the sacred which seems to be lost is often still encased in our cultural objects, stories and religious rituals. This paper will discuss how the memories of the sacred can be both preserved and reawakened. This paper will focus (...) on three scholars who develop alternative approaches to the universal. Franz Rosenzweig saw universal historical progress as oppressive. He believed that the practice of his Jewish religion offered a resistance and a possible correction to the general movement of history. Walter Benjamin saw the forgotten 'ruins' of history encase memories of the sacred and the silenced voices within history. For Benjamin, the role of interpretation is to awaken these hidden memories and voices which are encoded within our objects, images and commodities. This led him to a particular idea of a momentary messianic redemption in relation to greater flow of time. And finally, Jacob Taubes read St. Paul as offering a revolutionary model on how to live one's particular faith within a wider political order. In general, each writer developed an idea of redemption which involves a kind of remembrance of what has been obscured by the more general universal movement of history itself. This is especially relevant for the various religious and cultural communities within Cambodia. The paper will begin and end by discussing the origin story of Cambodia – the marriage between Preah Thong, the Indian prince, and Neag Neak, the Naga princess. I will additionally try to demonstrate that the story and its various reenactments is important because it represents a regenerative process rooted in the eclectic character of South East Asian culture in general. Various forms of memory within the syncretic or eclectic context of Southeast Asia can operate to preserve the sacred in an age of universalization and globalization. It also illustrates how the performance of memory can also offer an antidote to the "trauma" of Cambodia's past. (shrink)

Two brief comments on Thong's Comparative Base Rate Tracking criterion of algorithmic fairness.

Collected Papers, Vol. XVII – A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Uncertainty, Indeterminacy, and Complex Systems is a substantial and wide-ranging volume, bringing together 74 articles across nearly 1,000 pages. The contributions, originally published in a variety of international scientific journals, reflect the breadth and maturity of contemporary research in neutrosophy and its related domains. The volume explores a rich spectrum of interdisciplinary fields, including logic, philosophy, physics, mathematics, statistics, information fusion, artificial intelligence, decision theory, complex systems, and robotics, offering both foundational (...) developments and applied methodologies for modeling uncertainty, indeterminacy, and contradiction. All papers are authored or co-authored by Florentin Smarandache, either individually or in collaboration with 69 distinguished co-authors from 18 countries (Ahmed Abdelhafeez, Mohamed Abdel Basset, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa, Ijaz Ahmad, Muhammad Ahsan, Alhanouf Alburaikana, Ahmed M. Ali, Anum Ali, Mubashir Ali, Wajid Ali, Sulaiman Al Amro, Rafif Alhabib, Saleh I. Alzahrani, Farrukh Arslan, Muhammad Arshad, Büşra Aydoğan, Robert N. Boyd, Victor Christianto, Ajoy Kanti Das, Rakhal Das, Suman Das, Rama Debbarma, Srila Dey, Dinh Van Dzung, Alaa Elmor, Takaaki Fujita, Daniela Gifu, Mohammad Hamidi, Hoang Anh Tuan, A. Kalavathi, Khuram Ali Khan, S. Krishnaprakash, Duraisamy Kumar, Luong Thi Hong Lan, Le Nhu Dieu Huon, Maikel Yelandi Leyva-Vázquez, Priyanka Majumder, Ahmed A. Metwaly, Mona Mohamed, Noreen Mushtaq, Ion Nălbitoru, Nguyen Long Giang, Nguyen Thi Hien, Nguyen Thi Lan Nhi, Nguyen Thien Luong, Nguyen Tho Thong, Nguyen Thu Huong, Murat Olgun, Gabrijela Popovic, Michael Angelo B. Promenti, Afshan Qayyum, Atiqe Ur Rahman, Shazia Rana, Muhammad Saeed, Alaa Salem, A. Saranya, Alexandra Şandru, Ovidiu Ilie Şandru, Tanzeela Shaheen, Dragisa Stanujkic, Maja Stanujkic, Mohadeseh Taghinezhad, John Frederick D. Tapia, Mehmet Ünver, Vo Si Nam, Michael Voskoglou, Muhammad Waqas, Muhammad Yasir, Badria Almaz Ali Yousif), underscoring the global reach and collaborative nature of neutrosophic research, and revealing a coherent yet diverse intellectual landscape, ranging from theoretical frameworks—such as neutrosophic logic, hypersoft sets, superhyperstructures, and revolutionary topologies—to practical applications in healthcare analytics, artificial intelligence, sustainability, engineering, and decision-making under uncertainty. Together, the works collected in this seventeenth volume provide both a comprehensive reference and a forward-looking perspective on the evolving role of neutrosophic and multi-valued approaches in addressing complex real-world problems. (shrink)

This sixteenth volume of Collected Papers is an extensive work, comprising 78 articles that span almost 1000 pages. The papers, originally published in various scientific journals, cover the broad and interdisciplinary fields of neutrosophics and other areas of study, including logic, philosophy, physics, mathematics, statistics, information fusion, and robotics. The volume features articles authored by Florentin Smarandache, either alone or in collaboration with 81 co-authors (from 21 different countries): Shumaila Abbas, Mohammed Abdel-Sattar, M. Modather M. Abdoug, Usama Afzal, Daud Ahmad, (...) Abdulrahman AlAita, Shahbaz Ali, Fahad Alsharari, Suriana Alias, Saima Anis, Muhammad Aslam, Hamdi Ayed, M.B. Bera, Noel Batista-Hernández, Robert N. Boyd, Said Broumi, Claudia Camacho-Zuñiga, T. Daniel Chandra, Ebenezer Chifu, Victor Christianto, Mihaela Colhon, Shrouk El-Amir, Ibrahim El-Henawy, Takaaki Fujita, Nguyen Long Giang, Ana González-Marcos, Phung The Huan, Sadia Iqbal, Azhar Ali Janjua, Maissam Jdid, Madad Khan, Waris Khan, Muhammad Shahid Khan, Anamika Kumari, Luong Thi Hong Lan, M. Lathamaheswari, B.S. Mahapatra, G.S. Mahapatra, Muhammad Khalid Mahmood, Nivetha Martin, Pierre Millette, Mona Mohamed, M.K. Mondal, Bahnishikha Roy Muhuri, Norzieha Mustapha, Fermín Navaridas-Nalda, Tran Thi Ngan, Antonios Paraskevas, P. Prabakaran, Madiha Qayyum, Shazia Rana, Alina Reșceanu, Jesus Estupiñan Ricardo, Andreas Ries, Yaser Saber, Muhammad Saeed, Taoufik Saidani, P. Sathya, Noorazliyana Shafii, Muhammad Ahmed Shehzad, Rehan Ahmad Khan Sherwani, Rajesh Singh, Le Hoang Son, S. Sudha, Vu Duc Thai, Hugo Terashima-Marin, Nguyen Tho Thong, Pham Huy Thong, Monica Tilea, Tran Manh Tuan, Yunita Umniyati, Maikel Leyva Vázquez, Michael Gr. Voskoglou, Mohammad Kaif Wajid, Mohammad Saif Wajid, Mohd Anas Wajid, Roliza Md Yasin, Shouzhen Zeng, Muhammad Zeeshan, Alia Nur Izzah Zulkifli. (shrink)

This seventh volume of Collected Papers includes 70 papers comprising 974 pages on (theoretic and applied) neutrosophics, written between 2013-2021 by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 122 co-authors from 22 countries: Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Abdel-Nasser Hussian, C. Alexander, Mumtaz Ali, Yaman Akbulut, Amir Abdullah, Amira S. Ashour, Assia Bakali, Kousik Bhattacharya, Kainat Bibi, R. N. Boyd, Ümit Budak, Lulu Cai, Cenap Özel, Chang Su Kim, Victor Christianto, Chunlai Du, Chunxin Bo, Rituparna Chutia, Cu Nguyen Giap, Dao The (...) Son, Vinayak Devvrat, Arindam Dey, Partha Pratim Dey, Fahad Alsharari, Feng Yongfei, S. Ganesan, Shivam Ghildiyal, Bibhas C. Giri, Masooma Raza Hashmi, Ahmed Refaat Hawas, Hoang Viet Long, Le Hoang Son, Hongbo Wang, Hongnian Yu, Mihaiela Iliescu, Saeid Jafari, Temitope Gbolahan Jaiyeola, Naeem Jan, R. Jeevitha, Jun Ye, Anup Khan, Madad Khan, Salma Khan, Ilanthenral Kandasamy, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Darjan Karabašević, Kifayat Ullah, Kishore Kumar P.K., Sujit Kumar De, Prasun Kumar Nayak, Malayalan Lathamaheswari, Luong Thi Hong Lan, Anam Luqman, Luu Quoc Dat, Tahir Mahmood, Hafsa M. Malik, Nivetha Martin, Mai Mohamed, Parimala Mani, Mingcong Deng, Mohammed A. Al Shumrani, Mohammad Hamidi, Mohamed Talea, Kalyan Mondal, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Gulistan, Farshid Mofidnakhaei, Muhammad Shoaib, Muhammad Riaz, Karthika Muthusamy, Nabeela Ishfaq, Deivanayagampillai Nagarajan, Sumera Naz, Nguyen Dinh Hoa, Nguyen Tho Thong, Nguyen Xuan Thao, Noor ul Amin, Dragan Pamučar, Gabrijela Popović, S. Krishna Prabha, Surapati Pramanik, Priya R, Qiaoyan Li, Yaser Saber, Said Broumi, Saima Anis, Saleem Abdullah, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Abdulkadir Sengür, Seyed Ahmad Edalatpanah, Shahbaz Ali, Shahzaib Ashraf, Shouzhen Zeng, Shio Gai Quek, Shuangwu Zhu, Shumaiza, Sidra Sayed, Sohail Iqbal, Songtao Shao, Sundas Shahzadi, Dragiša Stanujkić, Željko Stević, Udhayakumar Ramalingam, Zunaira Rashid, Hossein Rashmanlou, Rajkumar Verma, Luige Vlădăreanu, Victor Vlădăreanu, Desmond Jun Yi Tey, Selçuk Topal, Naveed Yaqoob, Yanhui Guo, Yee Fei Gan, Yingcang Ma, Young Bae Jun, Yuping Lai, Hafiz Abdul Wahab, Wei Yang, Xiaohong Zhang, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Lemnaouar Zedam. (shrink)

This eleventh volume of Collected Papers includes 90 papers comprising 988 pages on Physics, Artificial Intelligence, Health Issues, Decision Making, Economics, Statistics, written between 2001-2022 by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 84 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 19 countries: Abhijit Saha, Abu Sufian, Jack Allen, Shahbaz Ali, Ali Safaa Sadiq, Aliya Fahmi, Atiqa Fakhar, Atiqa Firdous, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Robert N. Boyd, Victor Chang, Victor Christianto, V. Christy, Dao The Son, Debjit Dutta, Azeddine Elhassouny, Fazal Ghani, Fazli Amin, (...) Anirudha Ghosha, Nasruddin Hassan, Hoang Viet Long, Jhulaneswar Baidya, Jin Kim, Jun Ye, Darjan Karabašević, Vasilios N. Katsikis, Ieva Meidutė-Kavaliauskienė, F. Kaymarm, Nour Eldeen M. Khalifa, Madad Khan, Qaisar Khan, M. Khoshnevisan, Kifayat Ullah,, Volodymyr Krasnoholovets, Mukesh Kumar, Le Hoang Son, Luong Thi Hong Lan, Tahir Mahmood, Mahmoud Ismail, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Siti Nurul Fitriah Mohamad, Mohamed Loey, Mai Mohamed, K. Mohana, Kalyan Mondal, Muhammad Gulfam, Muhammad Khalid Mahmood, Muhammad Jamil, Muhammad Yaqub Khan, Muhammad Riaz, Nguyen Dinh Hoa, Cu Nguyen Giap, Nguyen Tho Thong, Peide Liu, Pham Huy Thong, Gabrijela Popović‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬, Surapati Pramanik, Dmitri Rabounski, Roslan Hasni, Rumi Roy, Tapan Kumar Roy, Said Broumi, Saleem Abdullah, Muzafer Saračević, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Shariful Alam, Shyamal Dalapati, Housila P. Singh, R. Singh, Rajesh Singh, Predrag S. Stanimirović, Kasan Susilo, Dragiša Stanujkić, Alexandra Şandru, Ovidiu Ilie Şandru, Zenonas Turskis, Yunita Umniyati, Alptekin Ulutaș, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vázquez, Binyamin Yusoff, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Zhao Loon Wang.‬‬‬‬. (shrink)