{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392560143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061715","title":"Non-Destructive Testing of a Fiber-Web-Reinforced Polymethacrylimide Foam Sandwich Panel with Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing of a Fiber-Web-Reinforced Polymethacrylimide Foam Sandwich Panel with Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392560143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061715","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38543978"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061715","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1715/pdf?version=1709791675","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1715/pdf?version=1709791675","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101930325","display_name":"Yu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8487-1716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Advanced Material and Manufacturing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Advanced Material and Manufacturing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100891358","display_name":"Yefa Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yefa Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Magnetic Suspension, Wuhan 430070, China","Institute of Advanced Material and Manufacturing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Magnetic Suspension, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Advanced Material and Manufacturing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073658766","display_name":"Jinguang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-0267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinguang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Advanced Material and Manufacturing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-0267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Advanced Material and Manufacturing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048895100","display_name":"Haixin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-6084"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haixin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Magnetic Suspension, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Magnetic Suspension, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105309522","display_name":"Meng Wan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100891358"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":1.236,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76819035,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":"1715","last_page":"1715"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-time-domain-spectroscopy","display_name":"Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy","score":0.744143009185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.7135222554206848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6333845853805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.5867432355880737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.5856004357337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-spectroscopy-and-technology","display_name":"Terahertz spectroscopy and technology","score":0.5573390126228333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.5043679475784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3231487274169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.26403000950813293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21375054121017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08921739459037781}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205817836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7701527","display_name":"Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.744143009185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.7135222554206848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6333845853805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5867432355880737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5856004357337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77887725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157147","display_name":"Terahertz spectroscopy and technology","level":3,"score":0.5573390126228333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.5043679475784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3231487274169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.26403000950813293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21375054121017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08921739459037781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061715","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1715/pdf?version=1709791675","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38543978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38543978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10974246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10974246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0779ef94ddde4a64bdaeafaeb505d5a0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0779ef94ddde4a64bdaeafaeb505d5a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 6, p 1715 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061715","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1715/pdf?version=1709791675","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2409021678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51975435","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8253721412","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023BAA028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392560143.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392560143.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W252031821","https://openalex.org/W1985430737","https://openalex.org/W2010309840","https://openalex.org/W2023457203","https://openalex.org/W2044646663","https://openalex.org/W2052255254","https://openalex.org/W2065055054","https://openalex.org/W2069610939","https://openalex.org/W2073651567","https://openalex.org/W2115360265","https://openalex.org/W2135579407","https://openalex.org/W2168367475","https://openalex.org/W2169213087","https://openalex.org/W2187875596","https://openalex.org/W2276745566","https://openalex.org/W2293838496","https://openalex.org/W2432395723","https://openalex.org/W2533978724","https://openalex.org/W2553650976","https://openalex.org/W2567862405","https://openalex.org/W2608502093","https://openalex.org/W2786560418","https://openalex.org/W2905873851","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2977890283","https://openalex.org/W3036218562","https://openalex.org/W3204525403","https://openalex.org/W4226403429","https://openalex.org/W4242638637","https://openalex.org/W4313295395","https://openalex.org/W4362474844","https://openalex.org/W4378527416","https://openalex.org/W4385522830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2471738782","https://openalex.org/W2034591461","https://openalex.org/W2768551278","https://openalex.org/W2102426220","https://openalex.org/W2091938949","https://openalex.org/W2348290512","https://openalex.org/W4385966027","https://openalex.org/W2069985681","https://openalex.org/W1991948148","https://openalex.org/W2127195271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Terahertz":[0],"(THz)":[1],"non-destructive":[2],"testing":[3],"can":[4,132],"detect":[5,68,154],"internal":[6,32,70,267],"defects":[7,33,76,268],"in":[8,34,251,273,284,292],"dielectric":[9],"materials.":[10],"However,":[11],"this":[12,47],"technology":[13,262],"is":[14,290],"mainly":[15],"used":[16,97],"for":[17,27,168,179,187,234,243,265],"detecting":[18,266],"thin":[19],"and":[20,36,61,74,93,100,158,170,172,218,237,269,282],"simple":[21],"structures":[22],"at":[23],"present,":[24],"lacking":[25],"validations":[26],"the":[28,69,78,102,110,114,119,138,148,199,204,210,214,221,225,247,253,277,293],"detection":[29,185,285,289],"effectiveness":[30],"of":[31,50,123,142,147,165,176,192,213,220,249,255,279],"thicker":[35],"more":[37,230,239],"complex":[38,274],"structures,":[39],"such":[40],"as":[41],"fiber-web-reinforced":[42,51],"composite":[43],"sandwich":[44,54,256],"panels.":[45],"In":[46,259],"study,":[48],"samples":[49,149,222],"polymethacrylimide":[52],"foam":[53,216],"panels,":[55],"which":[56,131],"are,":[57],"respectively,":[58],"20":[59],"mm":[60,63,167,178,233,242],"30":[62],"thick,":[64],"were":[65,96],"made":[66],"to":[67,98],"debonding,":[71,157],"inclusion,":[72],"pore,":[73,156],"crack":[75,159],"by":[77],"THz":[79,104,261],"time-domain":[80],"spectroscopy":[81],"system":[82],"(THz-TDS).":[83],"The":[84,106,144,181],"peak-to-peak-imaging":[85,111],"algorithm,":[86,88,90,92],"maximum-amplitude-imaging":[87],"minimum-amplitude-imaging":[89],"pulse-width-imaging":[91],"time-of-flight-imaging":[94],"algorithm":[95,112],"process":[99],"image":[101,134],"collected":[103],"signals.":[105],"results":[107,146],"showed":[108,150,183],"that":[109,151],"had":[113],"best":[115],"performance.":[116],"To":[117],"address":[118],"low":[120],"imaging":[121],"resolution":[122,135],"THz-TDS,":[124],"a":[125,162,173,190],"block-based":[126],"super-resolution":[127],"reconstruction":[128],"method-SSSRGAN-is":[129],"proposed,":[130],"improve":[133],"while":[136],"maintaining":[137],"clear":[139],"edge":[140],"contours":[141],"defects.":[143],"defect-detection":[145],"THz-TDS":[152,205,250],"could":[153,196],"all":[155],"defects,":[160],"with":[161,189],"minimum":[163,174],"size":[164],"3":[166],"pores":[169],"debonding":[171],"thickness":[175,191,211],"1":[177],"cracks.":[180],"method":[182],"poor":[184],"performance":[186],"inclusions":[188],"0.053":[193],"mm,":[194],"but":[195],"still":[197],"extract":[198],"defect":[200],"features.":[201],"Based":[202],"on":[203],"reflection":[206],"mode":[207],"measurement":[208,226],"principle,":[209],"information":[212],"panel,":[215],"core,":[217],"web":[219],"was":[223,228],"calculated:":[224],"error":[227],"no":[229,238],"than":[231,240],"0.870":[232],"Sample":[235,244],"#1":[236],"0.270":[241],"#2,":[245],"demonstrating":[246],"accuracy":[248],"measuring":[252],"dimensions":[254],"panel":[257],"structures.":[258,275],"general,":[260],"shows":[263],"potential":[264],"performing":[270],"dimensional":[271],"measurements":[272],"With":[276],"advancement":[278],"portable":[280],"devices":[281],"enhancements":[283],"speed,":[286],"real-time":[287],"on-site":[288],"anticipated":[291],"future.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}