{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092010871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101663","title":"Blockchain Platforms and Access Control Classification for IoT Systems","display_name":"Blockchain Platforms and Access Control Classification for IoT Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092010871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101663","mag":"3092010871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12101663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101663","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/10/1663/pdf?version=1602506146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/10/1663/pdf?version=1602506146","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081167530","display_name":"Adam Ibrahim Abdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-7393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adam Ibrahim Abdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-7393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025984879","display_name":"Fathy Eassa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3987-9051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fathy Elbouraey Eassa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004161058","display_name":"Kamal Jambi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5238-7356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamal Jambi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5238-7356","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079802006","display_name":"Khalid Ali Almarhabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3104-209X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Almarhabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computing at Alqunfudah Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21514, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3104-209X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computing at Alqunfudah Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21514, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026138130","display_name":"Abdullah Alghamdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9259-4536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Saad AL-Malaise AL-Ghamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9259-4536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081167530"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1479},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1479},"fwci":8.8868,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97748543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"1663","last_page":"1663"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.7706694602966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7400698065757751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7062238454818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6879867315292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-point-of-failure","display_name":"Single point of failure","score":0.6312515735626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6267787218093872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6004725694656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4441373944282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.22983098030090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.07159557938575745}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.7706694602966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7400698065757751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7062238454818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6879867315292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165136773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363179","display_name":"Single point of failure","level":2,"score":0.6312515735626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6267787218093872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6004725694656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4441373944282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.22983098030090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.07159557938575745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12101663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101663","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/10/1663/pdf?version=1602506146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:86105aec8fef4325adcfa24c4a37e85a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/86105aec8fef4325adcfa24c4a37e85a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 10, p 1663 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/sym12101663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101663","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/10/1663/pdf?version=1602506146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190787756","display_name":"Symmetry","issn_l":"2073-8994","issn":["2073-8994"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symmetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2948702262","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RG-18-611-38","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","funder_display_name":"King Abdulaziz University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092010871.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092010871.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561721839","https://openalex.org/W1594706025","https://openalex.org/W1595665518","https://openalex.org/W1969344535","https://openalex.org/W1988654947","https://openalex.org/W1991895580","https://openalex.org/W2030370258","https://openalex.org/W2037312963","https://openalex.org/W2091788338","https://openalex.org/W2094873755","https://openalex.org/W2119932489","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2230813082","https://openalex.org/W2290426788","https://openalex.org/W2335755599","https://openalex.org/W2490208794","https://openalex.org/W2522324130","https://openalex.org/W2553727764","https://openalex.org/W2561642891","https://openalex.org/W2588585573","https://openalex.org/W2592908345","https://openalex.org/W2601306580","https://openalex.org/W2604096638","https://openalex.org/W2611626082","https://openalex.org/W2619898446","https://openalex.org/W2741507511","https://openalex.org/W2770376757","https://openalex.org/W2771747728","https://openalex.org/W2772453898","https://openalex.org/W2779544641","https://openalex.org/W2788822833","https://openalex.org/W2790670692","https://openalex.org/W2793346081","https://openalex.org/W2795321153","https://openalex.org/W2894955077","https://openalex.org/W2902699959","https://openalex.org/W2908579669","https://openalex.org/W2918245750","https://openalex.org/W2943296752","https://openalex.org/W2951694401","https://openalex.org/W2963983602","https://openalex.org/W2968976338","https://openalex.org/W3123131949","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W4249212548","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W6678832241","https://openalex.org/W6683686944","https://openalex.org/W6684619607","https://openalex.org/W6741915306","https://openalex.org/W6757705338","https://openalex.org/W6793285265","https://openalex.org/W6819980475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4388131927","https://openalex.org/W3195581271","https://openalex.org/W2388889456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,23,117],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,14,60,64,68,76,99,112],"Things":[3],"paradigm":[4],"is":[5],"growing":[6],"rapidly.":[7],"In":[8,129],"fact,":[9],"controlling":[10],"this":[11],"massive":[12],"growth":[13],"IoT":[15,31,105,151],"globally":[16],"raises":[17,54],"new":[18],"security":[19,29,89],"and":[20,39,66,73,88,124,140],"privacy":[21,87,123],"issues.":[22],"traditional":[24],"access":[25,37,41,81,101,114,133,147],"control":[26,42,82,102,115,134,148],"mechanisms":[27,46,103,149],"provide":[28,132],"to":[30,85],"systems":[32],"such":[33,57],"as":[34,58],"DAC":[35],"(discretionary":[36],"control)":[38],"mandatory":[40],"(MAC).":[43],"However,":[44],"these":[45],"are":[47,127],"based":[48],"on":[49],"central":[50],"authority":[51],"management,":[52],"which":[53],"some":[55],"issues":[56,90],"absence":[59],"scalability,":[61,119],"single":[62],"point":[63],"failure,":[65],"lack":[67],"privacy.":[69],"Recently,":[70],"the":[71,92],"decentralized":[72,146],"immutable":[74],"nature":[75],"blockchain":[77],"technology":[78],"integrated":[79],"with":[80],"can":[83],"help":[84],"overcome":[86],"in":[91,104,144],"IoT.":[93],"This":[94],"paper":[95],"presents":[96],"a":[97,109],"review":[98],"different":[100],"systems.":[106,152],"We":[107],"present":[108],"comparison":[110],"table":[111],"reviewed":[113],"mechanisms.":[116],"mechanisms\u2019":[118],"distribution,":[120],"security,":[121],"user-centric,":[122],"policy":[125],"enforcing":[126],"compared.":[128],"addition,":[130],"we":[131,137],"classifications.":[135],"Finally,":[136],"highlight":[138],"challenges":[139],"future":[141],"research":[142],"directions":[143],"developing":[145],"for":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}